McCoy v. Young et al, No. 7:2012cv00192 - Document 30 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 5/23/12. (Attachments: # 1 VDOC 866.1)(tvt)
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= M :QF I ue :*Tcepr FC; . . I TH E UNI N TED STATES DISTRI CO URT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGI A NI R O AN O K E DIV I N SIO CU RT I L.M CC O Y , S Pl ntf , ai if V. W A RD EN S.K .Y O U N G ,etaI, . D ef endant s. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , A x vûiV T lk,A M#t 2 2 l û XJU> R . . E C i lA c i N o.7: 2- v- 92 vi t on 1 c 001 M EM O M N DU M O PI I N N O By: H on.Jackson L.K i ser Seni U nied St esD i t i tJudge or t at src Curi L.M c ts coy, Vigi ai ae pr ee ng pr K , ie a c vi r ght co pl nt a r ni nm t oc di o f l d i l i s m ai , . p s a tt 4 U. C. 1 8 wi u idcinv se i 2 U. C. 1 4 Plitf n me a uru n o 2 S. j 9 3 t rs ito e td n 8 S. j 3 3. an if a s s hj dee nt:S. Young,W a de oft Poc hontsCor ci lCe e (TCC' ; ndy,a fnda s K. r n he a a re tona ntr û ' Ba ) He rngOfie ; t s t ePCC M e ia Ad nsrt r A. i h l, 'irea PCC; g y ai fc r Yae ,h d c l miitao ' M t elak s t , c Pe g Sca be l a N ur e a PCC ;R . r r' y, s t Thom as a Pos a A s i t nt Ca t r gh ,a l s i t 'M r , t l s s a ' rw i t n nve tga or . , , Ha n aTr ame tP o r msSu ev s r(C ' ' n PCC c re to a o fc r (C/ ' mmo d, e t n r g a p r io : '5 d TPS ) a o r ci n l fies i O' i ) Ca ai W i k, Li ut na Buc m on,J W . pt n c e e nt kal . Cum bee Cr i J , a g, ohns a A nde s 1 Pl ntf on, nd r on.. ai if ale st tCum be us d e s i f ce on J y 23,2011 a Y a e , ic l,a Sc r r l ge ha e e xce s ve or ul , nd t s M t he l nd a bery w e e de i r t l i f e e t s r ous m e c lne ds i vi a i oft Ei h A m e e of r lbe a e y ndi f r nt o e i di a e , n ol ton he ght ndm nt t U nie St t s Cons iuton. Pl ntf a l ge t tYoung,Cr g,W i k,Buc nnon, he t d a e tt i ai i f le s ha ai c ka Ca t i , J rwrght and ohns f ie t pr ec pl i ifa c r d up t unconsiutona f ce i on a ld o ot t antf nd ove e he tt i l or , n vi l ton oft Ei h a Foure nt Am e e s Pli tf alo a lgest tCr i sc oai he ght nd te h ndm nt. a n if s le ha ag' onduc t durng a body c viy s r h vi a e t Fourh A m e i a t ea c ol t d he t ndm e . nt Pl i iff l t ac i i J y 2011w ih t U nie St t D i t i tCour f t Ease n a ntf ied he ton n ul t he t d a es s rc t or he t r Diti ofVigni (t src Cour') a t Diti Co tgrntdpli ifla t pr e t srd r i a C tit t', nd he srd ur a e antf e ve o oce d q Di 1Pl ntf o i nal nam e Scar ry a t r wber ,'butacour o de core t t na e Cou e f t ai if rgi ly d be r s E a ry ' st t r r r ced he m . ns l or he Cor e i Def nda s a s no e t Buck r ctonal e nt l o t d hat annon s d be Bucha , Thom a s d beThom a on,a houl nan s houl s nd J ns s d be M . ohns . D e piet s i or a i pl ntf di notr que ta cha t t na e , a I oh on houl J on s t hi nf m ton, ai if d e s nge o he m s nd deci t m odiyt deenda s'i tte wiho a tona e de o pl ntf r ques. lne o f he f nt den iis t ut ddii l vi nce r ai ips e t f r p u rs p ru n t 2 U. C. 1 5b) i Oco e 2 1 On De e e 2 , 01 ,h oma a pei, u s a t o 8 S. j 91 ( ,n tb r 01 . c mb r 2 2 1 t e Di t i tCour i onned pl ntf t the i r s ns bl f s r ng t c pl nton t s rc t nf ai if ha s e po i e or e vi he om ai he dee nt wihi 1 da , s ntt Fed.R.Ci P. m) butdiecedt Clr t notf t fnda s t n 20 ys purua o v. 4( , r t he ek o iy he Of i e oft A to ne Gene alofV igi a oft a ton, s ntt an i or a a ee e fc he t r y r r ni he c i pur ua o nf m l gr m nt be w ee t D i t i tCour a t tOf i e. t n he s rc t nd ha f c Al butonedef nda ,Ande s r ponde afe t Cl r notfe t Ator y Ge al 1 e nt r on, es d tr he e k ii d he t ne ner ofV i gi a. The Cor e t ona Def nda s-Y oung,Ba r ni r c i l e nt ndy, m as C a t i ht H a m ond,a Tho , rm g , m nd Co r c i lOf i er Ca .W i k,Lt Buc nnon, ohns Clm bee a Cr i - a we e t r e tona fc s pt c . ka J on, z , nd a g ns r d he c mp an a dfldamo inf rs mmayj dg n o J n r 2 , 01 2t whc plitf o lit n ie to o u r u me t n a uay 6 2 2, o ih an if fldaco smoi nf rs mmayj d me to F b u r 1 , 01 TheM e ia Dee d n si e r s to o u r u g n n e r ay 3 2 2. d c l fn a t Yae , i hel a d S ab ry- fldamoint dimisa damoi nf rs mmayj d me t ts M t l, n c r er ie c to o s s n to o u r u g n ie es e o he dial f nt ' i . on M a ch 2,201 3 Pl ntf di notfl ar pons t t M e c De enda s m otons r 2. ai if d On M a c 20,201 t Diti tCour no e t tpl i ifhadno ye s r edAnde s rh 2,he src t t d ha antf t t ev r on and r i ed pl ntf t ti w ashi dut t c pl t s vi ofpr es orpr de t Ator y em nd ai i f ha t s y o om e e er ce oc s ovi he t ne Ge r lwih e ne a t noughi or tont ientf Andes i t tmer r dbyRul 4( .The nf mai o d iy ron n he i equie e m) DititCour ta f r e t sa ton t me o Aprl23,201 be us a le nt ta pie a src t r nse r d hi c i o n i 2, ca e l ve s r ns r d nd a 1def nt r i wihi t W e tr Diti tofVigi a.Thetme f rpl i ift i ntf 1 enda s esde t n he se n src r ni i o antf o de iy a s veAnde s and t r po t t M e c De e n s'motonsha e r d,maki nd er r on o es nd o he dial f nda t i ve xpie ng t smat rrpef di poston.Ahe r e ngt r c d,Idimi st cli sa i tBo hi te i or s ii r eviwi he e or s s he am ga ns yd 2TheCore tonalD eenda ss ntpl n ifaRos bor notceont s eda . See Ros bo o v.Ga r s n,5 F. rci f nt e aitf e o i he am y e r r i o 28 2d 3 9(t Ci. 9 5 . D. . c l viRul 7 K) 0 4h r 1 7 ) E. Va Lo a Ci l e ( . , 3Thes m otonswe eo i naly fl a doc e r 24buta enow duplc e i doc te res24 a 26. The e i r rgi l ied t ket nty r iatd n ke nti nd M edi Deenda s'Ros bo onotc i l atd i as c i a t e oft m otonstted, t otc ' cal f nt e r ie s oc e n e ton t he nd he i il t i e. N ' a dAn es nwi u p eudc , r n t Co r cina a M e ia De e a t' to t n d ro t t rj ie g a the re to l nd dc l fnd n s moins o ho d s s a frs mmayj dg n , n d nyplitf smo inf rs mmayj d me t imis nd o u r u me t a d e an if to o u r u g n . 1. Pl ntf a lgest f l ng f t i t ve ii d c ai if le he olowi ac s n he rte ompl i .Ont m or ng ofJ y 23, ant he ni ul 2011 pl ntf w a i a PC C pod a notc t tunc r c ofm ik w e e on a t bl , ai i f s n nd i ed ha ove ed ups l r a e l r t adusy a rduc .W he pl ntf r c ve af ta a hourlt r pl ntf t d t e mde neah t i t n ai if e ei d ood r y n a e , ai if ol hr e c r c i na ofk e si t pod t tt unc r unr fi er t d m ik wasahe lh haz r ore to l t r n he ha he ove ed, e rg a e l at a d. Pli tf as d t ofi r f a i or c a n if ke he fce s or n nf mal ompl i a r gul rgre ant nd e a i vanc f r ,a Cum be e o m nd e rple dlan' gong gi yous t Ta t mika g t yo da c 1' Plitf t d e id,ç i t nal ve hi. ke he l nd o o ur mn el. anif ol ' t o fc r hewo l n td ikt emi t o afut uc b x a dwak db c t tec l wh l he fi es ud o rn h l o k r ij ie o , n le a k o h el ie k, t lng t o fc r hewa e t s as r n .Cumbe t d pl ntf,dshutyourmout a g eli he fi e s nt d o ee e gea t e ol ai if t h nd o t yourda n c l' W he pl i ife a ne t theha arghtt t l t as r nt Cumbe o m el. ' n antf xpli d ha d i o ak o e gea , e ç e a b lie e t, s ra nga gi t p tgh jf o ta o t d mntbe' Plitf pu û c me elg r n g) ce mi t h mj o u t e o d r y n he a a l. an if t b ' t ta on t t bl a obeye a s ond or rt puthi ha be nd hi ba k. Cum be t n he r y he a e nd d ec de o s nds hi s c e he ( oughe up' pl ntf by tght ni t ha t r d ' ai if i e ng he ndcuf sta tghtast y w oul go' a pus f ds i he d ' nd hed plitf samst ofru g ijb c r e y le C utyngt b e kmya m. . Br a i, anif r t a p hs a k h j eld,Yo r i o ra s r . . ek t Br k i .' ea t'' Cumbeee c td pl i ifi o a o fc a tf lbod sa e 'pl ntf i o ac i, s ore antf nt n fi e nd tul y l mm d' ai if nt har Gpl i ( f e r i g antf lt oa, hoki g aitfj' Pl ntf a us dCumbeeof t acng a1 oram n pli ifs hr tc ng pl nif.' ai if cc e t yi t kilpl i i f a Cum be s i û i tno c m e asi he e, gge . Ya'lboys don' r r ng o l a ntf , nd e a d, t n' A a r n r ni r l t un s t Thi i m y pod,' ih a m ena ng l hi. s s 'w t ci ook. Cum bee w a ked out i t of i doort us a l s de he fce o e r di and pl ntf w he e t c i r ghtbe nd Cum bee Cum be t ne a ound, pushed a o, ai i f el d he ha r i hi . e ur d r pl i tf c i çe r m el ha d' aga ns t ba k w a l a s i , dBoy,getyourassback i t a n i fs ha r t xt e y r ' i t he c l, nd a d 4 n hat c ne . Cumbees i s m e hi t deknda J or r' ' a d o t ng o t nt ohns who sa outi t ha l y a t n on, t yed n he lwa nd he t ned back t ar pl ntf Pl ntf alegest : ur ow d ai if. ai if l hat Fo n a p r n r a o ,( mb e j ts a p d He. . nac dmeu o tgf te r o p a e t e s n Cu e l us n p e . . s the p u o)h c rby my ts r a s a e m ef c frti ot foor Pa tofmy f c wason hai - hit nd l mm d a e is nt he l . r ae t bo t ofa s a up f spr t udi l g. H e t pl e hi ove 200 po he tom t nd an' o r ng e hen ac d s r und wei o m y hea w ih hi l f kne W ih hi ot kne he knee m e on m y r b ght n d t s e t e. t s her e, d i c geont ba ksdegwhihca edabr iej Het nbe ns c ngmei my a he c i , c us us . he ga ma ki n f e s yi tYouhea d m eni e . You hea d wha 1t d yo youhe rmeni r' a e, a ng,t r gg r r t ol u, a gge . ' Idon' know i J t f ohns wa hi l out buthesa i t halwa Ca e aswil on s s ook , tyed n he l y. m r l s w hi a tons H e coul have s oppe t a s ul on m e ora l as a t m pt t ho s ci . d t d he s a t t e t te ed o. Hedi no pr e tme. Asll i t r ,Ihea d ar s ofr ng f e . The Ikne d t ot c ad he e r u h unni e t n w s omeo wa c i Att tm eldi notknow who ya d my l gsi t ai. He ne s om ng. he i d nke e n he r heg bot lgsi oneam a ap i t 1gionsons tg i ( ldl h e n r nd pled he e r o iht t madeas l c mal ut a br s a ve my lf he ....ltidt pla t Ca an W i ,but hedi not nd uie bo l e t el re o e d o pti ckl ) d rs e pond....Theha ufsc g it mys n.Iwa pl e i t s grgain ndc f utj no ki s ac d n he e e to s e w ih t D og l as hoo d a t t oft s how r t he e h ke t he op he howe on t out i c r he s de age. Thi s c ed mor pan. Thenur ewasbr hti t s me. 1r f et bes en a t aus e i s oug n o ee e us o e t he tme.( s Scaber a Iha ha pr e ...s s l t C/ Cr grmove i Nure r ryl nd ve d oblms o he ef. O ai e d t ha uf sand l ions H e sa e t e w e e hi a t the s c e m e. A fe he ndc f eg r . t t d hos r s nd ha ha kl d tr het t ha ufsof,mywrs weegils lna cutandt ba k ofmy ook he ndc f f it r sc wole nd he c he . Ia k agan t s et nur e. Shetid t c r m es 1r us d a n.If l l el s i o e he s re o ha ge o ef e gai et s ul notha ha t pa f t ofie s aci ns It n a kedf i or a ho d ve d o y or he fc r ' to . he s or nf m l c pl i f m s e e ge y gre nc s a r que tf m st s t m agi t a e. 1 om a nt or , m r nc i va e , nd e s or o ee he sr t m k t tphot be t ken. lw a t d t r w asno ca e a a l e by Sg . ye. l s ha os a s ol he e m r vaiabl tD te fle o tarq s t h v t i d n . . (uj1h ven t e ev dapn si h n ild u e uet o a e hs o e . .b t a o r c ie ik l p gopyoft i or c ai jye.l' be nt e wor ngda .1 c he nf mal ompl nt t ts e hre ki ysC 4 ( Compl 9- 1 1 1 ) . 1 , 7- 9. Alho s m i y unr l t t Cumbee' us o f ce pl i ifalege t tde e t ugh ee ngl e aed o s e f or , antf l s ha f ndan t Cr i hum iit d pl i if i vi ai oft Fourh Ame ag la e antf ,n ol ton he t ndme ,f t lng pli ift t a e nt or eli antf o t c pl bohha on ( s che t ' andope up g s ashol ' Pli ifc ai t tCr g' t nds hij eks butl t n hil s e. antf ompl ns ha ai s ' comment we enotsa d tr nol a m a pl i iff eldeg a d a s xualy s r t ndar e mi ogy nd de antf e r de nd e l 4Pl ntf sg dt com pli o J y29,2011 sx da aIe t alege e es ve f ce. ai if ine he ant n ul , i ys ' r he l d xc si or t as a td. Pl i iffl a i or c pl nta utCr g' comm e ,butpli ifbele s s ule antf ied n nf mal om ai bo ai s nt antf ive t Cr g r oved t gri hat ai em he evance f om pl ntf s cel door.5 r ai if l Pli tf conc udest thehas a n if l ha : Be n de ed a m a s r t t fl c r on C/ Cum be f a s ul,m y r ghtt fl e ni gi t a e o ie ha ges O e or s a t i o ie gre nc i or rt f l myduepr e sha be ndenid gij Iwaslc aed iva es n de o olow oc s s e e sc . a ert by ha ndcuf s a l g ions Iha pai i m y he ne k,bac r bs a w r s e . f nd e r . ve n n ad, c k, i , nd i vhe l wa d ne myrg t e të1Th yr f s t tkep cu e o ij re c u e b C/ s e id iht o a . e e u e o a itr s f nu is a s d y O 6 Ca e.C/ J hns nj twache t a s ul o me.Theewr jawhol podof mbe O o o us t d he s a t n r as e i t li e t calaswine s st the rd)meyel û- styi t kilme, a nmaes ntnd o l t s e ha ag l,tl r ng o l ' nd le' ' ( ea m y a m . Iha s a e m y c a m s ' k Br r ' ' ve t t d li . ( mpl 1 ) Co . 2. Pl ntf ls st cli a ns t de e nt i t ri vi and ofi alc pactes ai if it he a ms gai t he f nda s n hei ndi dual fci a ii as f l s: olow * W a d S. .Young f r hi s pe v son ofa lot rde e nt ; r en K o s u r ii 1 he f nda s * Ofi e Cum be f e es i f r e a f r a s ul and ba t r tc r e or xc s ve o c nd o s a t te y; * O fi e Cr g f s t c r ai or exualha as m en a f l c r tng a s a r ng pl i if sl the wih r s t nd or a e a i nd c r i a ntf ef el t l i ons; eg r Ofie J fc r ohns f wa c ng C/ Cumbeea s ul pli ifand noti er ni , on or t hi O s a t antf nt ve ng' Hea i Ofi rBandy f notbeng i pa ta a notvi wi t vi o r or ng ; rngs fce or i m ril nd e ng he de ec di M e c A dm i s r t Y a esf ha ng i pr r y tai d s a fa f r i e f rng wih a di al ni ta or t or vi m ope l r ne t f nd o nt r e i t s rous m e ca nee ei di l d; N u s M ic lf i e f i wih me c lte t nta de ng ac s t adoc or r e t hel or nt rerng t di a r a me nd nyi ce s o t ; . N u s Sca be r f r f i t tea pl i ifbe us pl ntf w o d notpa a c pa r e r r y or e usng o r t a ntf ca e ai if ul y o- y; Ca .W i k f c rng up t a s ul by r f i t a lw any ofhi s di t ofi e st pt c or ove i he s a t e usng o lo s ubor nae tc r o t pi ur ; ake ct es * Lt Buc nnon f r f i t pr r y i s i t t as a ta f r r f i t a l a of . ka or e us ng o ope l nve tga e he s ul nd o e usng o low ny hi s r na e of i e st t ke pi t e s ubo di t f c r o a c ur s; f lo ut edie tng t k o Posa As it ntThom a 1t orr f i t alow m ai t go o , r r c i i bac t t l ssa s t e us ng o l g ai if /hol ng ( antf s outoi malt t magitaeup, di g ai ifs lte pl ntfl di pli if j g ng i o he srt hol ng pl ntf j e tr t t He do DOC, r Hao dClr ejte r -o tn i b c t g anit i o d rt o he a f M . r l akg, h n e ru ig t a k o pli tf n r e o l cove up C/ Cum be s a tons i e f r ng wih a t m pt t m a lc tfe m a lpr vi usy r O e' c i , nt r e i t te s o i eri i d i e o l ap ove rndf jr di ( ai ifs outoi mai'; pr d, a or ea ng pl ntf j g ng l' 5The r c d r vea st tpl ntf r i d a r po e t t s i o m a c pl i afe pl ntf fl d t s a ton. e or e l ha ai if ece ve es ns o hi nf r l om a nt tr ai if ie hi c i SPl ntf s mpl ale t tSgt Dye,Ofk erCal e l a Of ierCr g de ed pl ntf t rghtt ea ,bu Dye ai i f i y l ges ha . f dw l, nd fc ai ni ai if he i o t t a Cadwel ar notde e nd l l e f ndant t t s a ton. s o hi c i 1Thefrttm epli ifi ntfesTho asasadefndan orde crbe acai a ns Thom asi a t e oft is i antf de ii m e t s i s l m gai t s t he nd he co pl i whe e pl i ifls st cl i s m a nt r antf it he a m . 5 C/ Andes f Cef i ( anif g s d pr es rght35tmeswhiei s r ton O ron or t usng plitfl hij ue oc s i r i l n egegai g rf i gogi pli if i or c antf mson (ul 29,2011ja 25tmeson byl eusng t ve antfl nf mal ompli or Jy , nd i gul 28,2011,at a of60tmes' ly 1 otl i '; . I tga or Ca t r g f f lng t i m e a e y i s i t Cum be sac i ; nvesi t rw i ht or aii o m di t l nve tga e e' tons TPSHa mmondf çi erei wih ( antf'lduepr es rg s'a or snt frng t pli ifs oc s iht'; nd Psc oo itBo d frrfsn t gv panif y h lgclrame tatrCu e ' y h lgs y 8 o eu ij o ie litfpsc oo ia te t n fe mb es a lged a s ul a f pr ve l pl i ifsa ce st adoc or le s a t nd or e ntng antf c s o t . ( Compl 1 1 ) Pl ntf rquess$400, i c . 3- 4. ai if e t 000 n ompe aor da sa $350, i punii ns t y mage nd 000 n tve dam ages. Imus dim isa a ton orcli fl d by a i a ei lde e mi t tt a ton or t s s ny c i am ie n nm t f t r ne ha he c i c a m i f i ousor f ist s a e a cl m on w hi h r i m a be gr nt d. See 28 U . C. l i s r vol al o t t ai c elef y a e S. jj 1 5()2) 1915 b) 1;42U. C.j 1 () Fe R.Ci P.1 b)6) Thefrtsa r 91 e( , A( ( ) S. 997ec ; d. v. 2( ( . is tndad i ude c am sbas d upon i n i s a ym e il sl lt or ' ' l i sofi rnge ntofa ncl s l i e t ndiputbl rtes ega he y, t am a 'c nfi me l li e e twhi h cl a l doesnote s y' c a m sw he e t tf c ua c e i a e c e ry ega nt r s c e ry xi t' or l i r he da t l ont ntons r l a l ba ees . Netkev. ilams 490U. 319,3 ( 989) Thes c sa r i t fmiir s l s' iz ' W li , S. 27 1 . e ond tnda d s he a la sa d r f ramo int ds s u d rF d rl l o Cii Pr c dzel ( )6 , c e iga tn ad o to o imis n e e e a Ru e f v l o e t 2 b ( ) a c pt r n pl i t f ' f ct a l a i a tue. A c pl i tne $a s ' and pl n s a e e oft a n i fs a ual leg t ons s r om a n eds ( hol t ai t t m nt he cam s o n t thep e d ri e tte t r l f a ds fiin dta ta alg to s. .o li h wig ha t la e s n ild o ei ' n u fce tt l cu l l ai n . t e g e r i earg t r i fa vet s c ai lve .... BelAt. p. Twombl 55 U . 544, a s i ht o ele bo he pe ultve e l ' l l Cor v. ' y, 0 S. 555( 2007)(ntr lquoai makso te .A pl ntf sbassf r le krquie mor t n i ena tton r mitd) ai if i or eif te r s e ha lbesa c l i ....'I The ef e apl ntf mus t l gef t s fcentt sa ea lt a l nd oncusons ' d. r or , ai if t s e ac s ufi i o tt l he al eeme sofghe cl m. Ba sv.E.. l nt t l ai ' s ' I DupontdeNemour & Co.324 F. 761 765(t Ci. s , 3d , 4h r 2003) . 8Pl i tf ls sBoyd a a de endan on t l tpageoft ve ii d c pl i , butBoyd ha notbee a d t t a n if i t s f t he as he r fe om a nt s n dde o he doc ta cons quen l ha ne rbe n s r d. Ac odigy I ont . y , s c lgs'a ad fn a ta d ke nd, e ty, s ve e e ve c r n l, j i ç Bo d p y hoo it s ee d n n Ms ' w ilr vi w t c ai a ns he vi 28 U . .C. 1 a j 1 5A. l e e he l m gai t r a S j 915 nd 91 6 Deer i ng whe he a c pl ntsa e apl usbl cai f rr le i ta c e -pectc t m ni t r om ai tt s a i e l m o e if s t ontxts ii t kt tr rst rviwi c todrw onisj cile re a c as ha equie he e e ng our t a t udi a xpe ince nd ommons ns .' e e' As r f v.l l 556U. 662,678- ( ) Thus ac ts e ni ac antunde Rul hc ol gba, S. 79 2009 . , our cre ng ompli r e 1 b)6 c ni ntf pladi t ta eno e ildt a a s i oftuhbec us t y 2( () a de iy e ngs ha r t ntte o n s umpton rt a e he c i tofno m or t n l bel a c l i . l A lho h 1 lbe a l co t ue pr > ons s e ha a s nd onc usons d. t ug i r ly nsr o ç c ant,Hai v. r r 40 U. 51 520- 1( 972) ldonota ta t i t s ompli s nes Kene, 4 S. 9, 2 1 , c s he nmae' a dvoc t s s e de l pi sat or a c tt i na cl i st i a e f ie t c ea l a e, ua pont ve o ng t ut y nd ons iuto l a m he nm t a l d o l ry r ieont fceoft compli .Se Br c v.Car l 1 F. 241 243( hCi.1 as he a he ant e o k rol, 07 3d , 4t r 997) ( tg,J,c uri ;Be udetv. t ofHampt 775F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 .See Luti . onc rngl a t Civ on, 2d 274, 278 4t r 985) as Go d nv. e e 5 4F.d 1 4 ,1 51( t Ci.1 7 )(e og zn t t dsrc c u'i lo r o Le k , 7 2 1 7 1 4h r 9 8 r c niig ha a itit o l s t note c e t a s et r e ofa xpe t d o s um he ol dvocae f rapr K plitf . t o o an it ) . A. Pl i iff ist s a e a d pr es ora e st c t cl i aca ns A nde s a ntf a l o t t ue oc s cc s o our s a m i t r on. Pl i ifa g s t tA nde s vi a e due pr es ,gua a ee by t Four e nt a ntf r ue ha r on ol t d oc s r nt d he te h A m e e ,by notgi ng pl ntf a i o m a gr e nce f m de pie pl i if s s xt r ques s ndm nt vi ai if n nf r l i va or s t a ntf i y e t on J y 28 a 29,2011 Pl i i f sPCC gre nc r cor s w st tpl i t f fl m or t ul nd . a ntf i va e e d ho ha a n i f ied e han f t i or a com pl i sbe w ee J y a Oc obe 1 2011 a pl i i ff ist e a n how or y nf m l a nt t n ul nd t r 3, , nd a nt f a l o xpl i pl i ifw a una e t r c ve a i o m a c pl ntf r f om ot r saf on J y 28 or29, a ntf s bl o e ei n nf r l om ai o m r he t f ul 2011 orw a pr ve e f o f lng a i or a c pl i afe J y 29,2011 Rega dl s i i , s e nt d r m ii n nf m l om a nt t r ul . r es , t s w e le t bls d i t s c r tt tt r i no c tt tona r g t pa tc pa e i greva e l s a i he n hi icui ha he e s ons iu i l i ht o r i i t n i nc pr ee ngs a pl i t f sdue pr s cl i f is a a m a t r ofl w .A da s v.Ri ,40 F. oc di , nd a n i f oce s a m a l s te a m ce 3d 72,75( hCi.1 . 4t r 994) The i biiy t fl i or a gre nc d snotvi a e pl ntf s Fi s A m e na lt o ie nf m l i va es oe ol t ai if r t ndm e nt r g ofa ce s t co t . I a e ha af i ht c s o ur s nm t s ve unda en a rghtt i qua e,e f c i , and m tl i o û ade t f e tve me n n f l a c s t c u t.Bo n sv. t , 3 I. 8 7 8 2( 9 7 .Topr v avilto a i g u' c e s o o rs u d Smih 4 0 JS. 1 , 2 1 7 ) ' o e oain oft srghtani t mus s ana t lij yt t i t sefor t ltgaea a ton. hi i , nmae t how cua nur o he nmae' f t o ii t n ci Stiklrv.' Aç s 989F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 .Pl ntf ha notde tae ho rc e W tr , 2d 375, 383 4t r 993) ai if s monsr td w A nde s ca e a s c fc ha m t pl i if s a lt t pr e ut hi cl m s M or ove , r on us d ny pe i i r o a ntf biiy o os c e s ai . e r pl i iff iedt e us admi sr tve r medis a dic s d i r ,by no tlng a r gulr antf a l o xha t nita i e e , s s us e nfa t ii ny e a g i va r e ncesora a i a de e r gul r g i va ,notbec us pl i i fc d notf l i o m a ppe lng ni d e a r e nce a e a ntf oul ie nf r l c pl i son J y 28 a 29,2011. Bec us pl ntf ha notde ons r t how A nde s om a nt ul nd a e ai i f s m t a ed r on c us d any s i i har t lt ga i e f t,a ac es t cours c a m aga ns Ande s m us a e pec fc m o ii ton f ors n c s o t li i t r on t as b ds se wih u p eu c , ru n t 28U. C. 1 5 e ()B)i a d lo e imis d t o t rj die pu s a t o S. j 91 ( )2 ( (i n ) j 1 5A( ( ) 91 b)1. B. Pli iff ist sa ea cai ofdelber t i fe e et a s rousm e ca nee antf al o t t l m i ae ndif r nc o e i di l d. A pl i ifm us s a ntf t how t ta def nda a t d w ih de i r t i f e e e t a s rous ha e nt c e t lbe a e ndi f r nc o e i m e ca ne d t s a e a c ai unde t Ei ht Am e e f t t cons iu i na deni lof di l e o t t l m r he g h ndm nt or he m tt t o l a me c la ssa e.Esel v.Ga e,429U. 97,1 ( 976) Dei r t i fee rquies dia sitnc tle mbl S. 04 1 . lbe ae ndifrnce e r a s a e a t t ha bee per ona l a a e off c s i c tng a s t nt a r s ofs i ha m , t t c or o ve n s ly w r a t ndi a i ubs a i l i k erous r andt ofi i lm us ha a t ly r ogni d t e se eofs h ars Fa m e v. eman, he fc a t ve c ua l ec ze he xitnc uc ik. r r Br l 511U. 825,838( S. 1994) i ei r ei fe e ema bede . r lbeat ndifr nc y monsr t byet racua i e taed ihe t lntnt orr kl sdir r ' M ite v.Be n,896F. 848,851( hCi.1 .Se Parihe rl ec es segad. lir ' or 2d 4t r 990) e rs x e. Leev. evea 372F. 29 303( h Ci. 4)(ç-l e de emus s t tt ofcal Cl lnd, 3d 4, 4t r200 'gfhe vi nc t how ha he fii i q e to s b e tv l rc g ie t t i a to wee'n p r p it i l h o t a rs .'. n u sin u j ciey e o nz d ha h s cins r i a p o rae n i t f h t ik') g ' C de e nta sr c es l by dir ar ng a s tntalrs ofda rt ti eihe kno t ( f nda ct e kl sy A s eg di ubsa i ik nge ha s t r wn o t de e ntorw hi h w oul be a r ntt a r a ona e pe s i t de e nt spos to .'' he f nda c d ppa e o e s bl r on n he f nda ' ii n M ite ,896 F. a 851 5 A hea t c r pr vi rm a be delbe a e y i f e e whe t li r 2d t - 2. lh a e o de y i r t l ndi f r nt n he 8 te t ntpr de i s gr sy i ompeen ,i quae,ore sve a t s k t r a me ovi d s o os l nc t t nade t xces i s o hoc he c ce eori i olr et f ndame a f ines .L- a 851 A m edialnee s rouse ons inc s nt e abl o u nt l ar s ds t . , c d e i nough t gi r s t a c tt i o ve i e o ons iutonalcl i i vesa c a m nvol ondii t tpl est i a e a a s t nta ton ha ac he nm t t ubs a i l rs ofs rousha m ,s h as l soflf o pe m a ntdi abiiy,ora c t o f whi h l k of ik ei r uc os ie r r ne s lt ondii n or c ac te t ntpepeuaessveepai Sos beev.Mur 797F. 1 1 - ( h Ci.1 .A rame r t t e r n. e phy, 2d 79, 8183 4t r 986) pr s r s di a ee e w ih m e ca pe s nne ove t c s oft ea m e doe notsa e a i one ' s gr m nt t di l r o l r he our e r t nt s tt j 1 cam.W rc v. lns 766F. 8 8 ( hCi.1 ) Rusel v.Shefe,528F. 983 li iht Coli , 2d 41, 49 4t r 985 , s l ' fr 2d 31 31 ( hCi.1 ( rc im) 8, 9 4t r 975) pe ura . Pl ntf f is t s a e a c a m a i tBoyd. ai if a l o t t l i ga ns Plitf smpyalg st t y i eu gd meps c lgc l rame t fe b ig an if i l l e ha Bo d t f se ) e r y hoo ia te t n a tr en b ual b ae b C/ Cu e a rf se )t alw met s eDr Ro k r' ( mp . 4. r tly e tn y O mb e nd e u gd o l o o e . o e . Co l 1 ) ' Pl i ifdoe notde c i how Boyd w a a a e of orr kl sy di r gar d, s rous a ntf s s rbe s w r , ec es l s e de any e i m e c lne d t tw a r nt d ps hol c tea m e . Se Bowr nc v. odw i 551F. 44,47di a e ha r a e yc ogi al r t nt e i G n, 2d 49( hCi.1977)( s rbi as i media nee i t co e ofme alheat sr c s. 4t r de ci ng erous c l d n he ntxt nt lh e vie ) Pl i if s c ai t tBoyd w oul nota l pl i ift s e Dr Roo rdoesno s a e a cl i f r a ntf l m ha d low a ntf o e . ke t tt am o a u c n tt to a d na o me ia c r .Nu s sweera yt te tpan ifsij re , th n n o siui n l e il f d c l ae re r e d o r a litf' nu is bu e r us m e c lc r The f c t tpl i ifm a pr f rt ha Boyd s m o a doc o t ef ed di a a e. a t ha a ntf y e e o ve um n tr o d a n s o te t h ij re ise do n re d e n tsaea Eihh Ame d n cam. ig o e r r a t e n u is n ta f u s s o s o tt n g t n me t li Pl i if s m edi alr or s st tpl i i fw aspl c d on t doc or soa lls o Augus 1 a ntf ' c ec d how ha a ntf ae he t ' l i t n t , 2011 a t tpl ntf waspr crbeda i otccen a na oxe onAug t3,2011 ( .s , nd ha ai if es i ntbi i r m nd pr n us . P1' Ex.1( 23- )) Ac di y,pli iffist s fce l de ci a s i medialne dt no. 1 . cor ngl antf al o ufiinty s rbe ny erous c e o w a r ntBoyd' s r i s how Boyd w a d i r t y i f e e t t ts r ousm edi lne ra s e v ce ; s elbe a el ndi f r nt o ha e i ca ed; how Bo de i r t y de e or i er e e w ih a pr s doc or st ea m e ' how any del yd lbe a el ni d nt f r d t i on t ' r t nt or ay , c usdo a g a tda y sg tc n ij r .Ac o dngy plitf scamsa ans Bo dae a e r g rvae n ini a t nu y c r i l , anif li g i t y r i dimisdwihoutprj ce plrua t 28U. C.j 1 5()2)B)i)andj 1 A( ( ) s se t eudi , zs nt o S. 91 e( ( (i 915 b)1. Pl i iff l t s a e a cl m aga ns t M e ca D ef nda s a ntf ais o t t ai i t he di l e nt . Pl ntf s m ia l f is t s a e a c ai a i tnur esM ic l Sc r r a Y a e . ai i f i l r y a l o t t l m ga ns s t hel, a ber y, nd t s9 Pl ntf a gue t tt M e c D e e nt w e e delbe a el i f e e be a e N ur e ai if r s ha he di al f nda s r i r t y ndif r nt c us s M ichelSntre gdqwiht teame ofg s wounds. . nd de id)pli ifadocor' t l t efre t he r t nt hil i .a nle antf t '; N ur e Sca be r de e pl i ifm e c lc r bec us pl i ifr us d t pa t c pa a s r r y ni d a ntf di a a e a e a ntf ef e o y he o- y; nd NureYaess r s di ope l tane saf a tnef eg wih as rousme ca s t upevie mpr ry r i d t f nd d trer edj t ei i di l ne ,1 ed.,0 Pl ntf s l bel a conc us ons a ai if a s nd l i boutM ic l' a Y a es û nt r e e ' a e no t he ls nd t ' û e f r nce ' r t i s tci ntt s a e a c ai . Pl i i fr f ed t e t e f om N ur e Sca be r be aus pl ntf di ufi e o t t l m a ntf e us r a m nt r s r r y c e ai if d notlke N ur e Sc be r a bec us pl i ifdi no wa t pa t c pay. Ther f e,a i s ar r y nd a e a ntf d t nt o y he oe or ny l c oftea m e w a nota r s tofN ur e Sca be r s a to om i s o I i notunc tt tonal a k r t nt s e ul s r r y' c r s i n. t s ons iu i t requie an i at , w ho hasa ia e f o r nm e va l bl unds t pa a co- y t r ei m e c tea m e t 1 ,o y pa o ec ve di al r t n .1 Se e. ,Ciy ofRe r v. asa hustsGe Hos , U. 239, n. ( 983)(s ohi e, c. t ve e M sc et n. p.463 S. 245 7 1 I t ng N w e s y he e a f t a r ghta hos t lorgove nm e e tt m ay ha t r ove f om a a r f ec s ny i pia r nt n iy ve o ec r r deaneet c tofme c ls r i spr de t hi ''J onv.De tofPub.Saev& Cor. ti he os dia e vce ovi d o m.', ohns ) p' ft r 9Acc di y,t M edialDef nt ae e il t qualfe i niybe us pl n ifsf l t des i how or ngl he c enda s r ntted o iid mmu t ca e aitf ' ais o crbe t M edi lDe e he ca f ndant vi aeda c tt i lorsaut yrght Se Sa irv. az, 533 U. 1 200s olt onsiutona tt or i . e uce K t S. 94, 01 ( 0 )(ttn q aiidi ni i ov sat se iq iy:a wh te tepanit alg t nssaeacam 2 01 saig u lfe mmu t nv le wo-tp n ur () eh r h litfs le ai tt li y ' o ta ad fn a tsc n u tvoae ac nttto a o sauoyrg t a d()wh te ta rg twa cery h t ee d n' o d c iltd o si in l r tttr ih; n b eh r h t ih s la l u etbih d, v ruldi p r b P asnv. l h n 5 5U. 22 ( 0 9 (emit glwe c ut tedsrto t sa l e )o er e n at y e ro Cal a , 5 S. 3 2 0 ) p r ti o r o rs h icein o s a n d tn newh c q ai di nt p o gt a ay efrt. ee ni ih u lse mmu i r n o n lz is) y ' Plitf doesnotalget tYatstai orwasr s i ef tani t ot rm edialdefndant. 0 an if le ha e r ned e ponsbl or r i ng he he c e s ' Pli ifdoesnotalget tm e calte t ' antf le ha di r a mentwasdeni beca eplitf di notha f ed us an if d ve undsavalbl t pa a ia e o y CO- y. Pa Se s,885F.Supp.817,820( M d.1 (i ngt tac pa polc doe notrpr s n rv . D. 995) fndi ha o- y iy s e e e t i olrbl te t ntt ts kst c ce e . nt ea e rame ha hoc he ons inc ) Pl ntf doe nots a e a s r s y la lt c a m a ns Y a e To e t bls ai i f s t t upe vi or i biiy l i gai t t s. sa ih s pevior la lt unde j 1 apli ifmus s t t 1 t s viorha a t lor u r s y ibiiy r 983, antf t how ha : ) he uper s d cua c tuc i know l dge t ta s r na e w a e ged i co uc t tpos d i pe vasve a ons r tve e ha ubo di t s nga n nd t ha e ( r i nd a t e s n b ers ' fc n ttto a ij r t pe pel et ep an if ( )tes pe vs rs mra o a l ik'o o siu in l nu y o o l i h litf; 2 h u r io ' k r pons t t tknow l dge w a s i dequa e a t s es e o ha e s o na t s o how C lbe a e i f e e t o t ci k i r t ndi f r nce o r a t de a ho iai oft ale d ofensveprcies'a ( t tt r wasa C fr tvec us ut rz ton he lge f i a tc '; nd 3) ha hee n i imai a al af lnk'bewee t s r io ' i ci a t pa tc a co tt i lij y s fr byt i ' t n he upe vs rs na ton nd he riulr nsiutona nur ufeed he pl ntf.Sha y.Stoud,1 F. 791, ( hCi.1 .Pl ntf fist des i a ai if w r 3 3d 799 4t r 994) ai if al o crbe c tt i lvi a i n i vi M ic l a Sc r r y a f l t des r be how Y a eskne ons iutona ol t o nvol ng t he l nd a be r nd ais o c i t w t a a ys b r iae sc n u tp s dapev sv a du e s n bl rs ofc n ttto a ij r . h t n u o dn t' o d c o e r a ie n nra o a e ik o siu in l nu y Super ior labiiyunde j1983ma notbeprdiae ont t r ofr pondea s ro . vs y i lt r y e c td he heo y es t upeir SeeM onelv.De tofSoc.Sevs,436U. 658,663n. ( l p' r . S. 7 1978) Slka v. tr 737F. 368 ; a n Pore, 2d ( hCi.1 4) 4t r 98 . 11 1. A pat i e t ldt s mmayj d me ttft ep e dng ,h dic v r a dd sl s r ry s ni e o u r u g n û h la i s t e s o ey n ico u e t i m a e i s on fl ,a a af i viss t ral ie nd ny fda t how t tt r i no gen ne i s ast a m a e i lf t ha he e s ui s ue o ny t r a ac andt tt mova i e ildt j me a amatroflw.'Fe R.Ci P.5 c.Maei ha he nt s ntte o udg nt s te a ' d. v. 6( ) tral f t a e t e nec s r t es a i h t el m e s ofa pa t s c us ofa ton. A nde s v. ac s r hos es a y o t bls he e nt r y' a e ci r on Li ryLob l , U. 242,248( 986) A g ui is ofmae ilfc e ssi,i bet by. nc.477 S. 1 . en ne sue tra a t xit f n vi w i t r or a al r as bl i er nc dr e ng he ec d nd 1 e ona e nf e es awn t r f om i a lghtm os f vor bl t t he e r n i t a a e o he no m ovi pa t a r as n- ng ry, e onabl f c -i c d r t n ave ditf t non- ova .J The e a tfnder oul e ur r c or he m nt / -. . 11 movi pa t hast bur n ofs ng ry he de howi - ûha i,poi i outt t dititc t t tt r i ng d t s ntng t o he src our - ha he e s an abs ence ofevi dence t suppor t nonm ovi part s case.' Cel ex Cor v.Cat et,477 o t he ng y' ' ot p. rt U. 31 325( 986) ft mova stsist sbur n,t nt nonS. 7, 1 .l he nt aife hi de he he mova mus s tf t nt t e orh s cii adm i s bl f t t tde ons r t t e s e ofa g ne i s off tf t i . Fed. pe fc, s i e ac s ha m t a e he xi t nce enui s ue ac or ral R. v. 5 () Ceo e , 7 U. a 3 2 2 .A pat i e tte t s mmmyj g n i te Ci P. 6c ; ltx 4 7 S. t 2 - 3 ry s n ild o u ud me t f h r or a a w hol c d notl ad a r tonalti roff c t t nd i f voroft non- ova . ec d s e oul e ai re ato i n a he m nt W il msv. ifn, 5 F.d 8 , 2 ( t Ci.1 91.Co ves l s mma yj d me t s li a Grfi 9 2 2 20 8 3 4h r 9 ) n rey, u r u g n i i ppr i t i t e de i s tci ntf r a r as bl f tt nde t r t n a ve d c i f vor na opra e f he vi nce s ufi e o e ona e ac -i r o e ur r it n a oft non- ovi part A nder he m ng y. son,477 U . at248. S. Eve i t r i n d s u ea t t ee d nir fcs s mma yj dg n i n t n f hee s o ip t s o h vie tay a t, u r u me t s o a opr a e wher t uli a e f c ua c us onst be dr w n a e i diput Over t e tv. v. ppr i t e he tm t a t l oncl i o a r n s e. sr e K Ce .Liel . ,950F. 931 937( h Ci.1 ) c tma notrs vediput f t, nt f ns Co. 2d , 4t r 991.A our y e ol s ed acs w e gh t e de ,orm a de e m i to ofc e biiy. Rus e lv. i r i he vi nce ke t r na i ns r di lt s l M c odvne Com . 65 F. , 3d 1 1 ( hCi.1 ;Sos ev. ur 797F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1986) Thec t 229, 239 4t r 995) ebe M phy, 2d 79, 82 4t r . our a e sa tuet e de eoft non- ovi pa t and r s vesal i e na c lc sa cc pt s r he vi nc he m ng ry e ol l ntr l onfit nd i e e esi t no m ovi pa t s f . Cha bonnage de Fr e v.Sm ih,5 F. 406, nf r nc n he nng r y' avor r s anc t 97 2d 41 ( hCi.1 .d he opposngpa te tl t difr ntsore ,oneofwhihi bltnty 4 4t r 979) t n W i ris elwo fe e t is c s aa l c nr dce b t rc r , ota n r a o bej r c u db le ei ac u t ho dn t d p o ta itd y he e o d s h t o e s na l u y o l eiv t o r s ul o a o t , t a v rino t ef csf rp r os so r ln o amoinf rs mma yj d me t'S o t . h t eso f h a t o u p e f uig n to o u r u g n . c t v ' Hars 55 U. 372, ( ri, 0 S. 380 2007) Furhemor,apat û nnotce t age neis o . t r e ry t ca rae nui sue f m ae i lf d t oug m e e s c ai o t buidi ofone i e e e upon anot r' Be l v. t ra a hr h r pe ul ton r he l ng nf r ne he . ae ' Hady,769F. 21 21 ( hCi.1 .Theef e,ûmjr uns r 2d 3, 4 4t r 985) r or tg ee upporeds c ain ...i not t pe ulto s e nought deea as o f t umma yj r udgme moto ' Enni v. tlAs ' ofBus & Educ.Ra os nt ina' s Na ' sn . di 12 I c, 3F.d5 , 2 (t Ci.1 9 ) A panifc n o us ar s o et amo inf rs mmay n .5 3 5 6 4 h r 9 5 . litf a n t e e p ns o to o u r j udgme tt c r tdei ence i acompli c le n o orec fci is n ant halngedbyadefnda ' moton frs e nts i o ummay r j me .Se Cl nae v. c vit 555F. 32 336( hCi.2009)( i t tapli if udg nt e oani r M De t, 3d 4, 4t r notng ha antf ma no a ndac ai t ougha g nti abre opposng s y t me ompl nt hr r ume n if i ummayj r udgme l Gimour nt; l v. t . c Gaes M Donal & Co.38 F. 1 2,131 (1lhCi. d , 2 3d 31 5 t r 2004)tame . s l The Cor e t o la M edi alDef nda sa g t tpl i i fdi note us r c i na nd c e nt r ue ha a ntf d xha t a i sr tve r m e e f a oft cl m s The Pr s Lii aton Re o m A c pr de t t dm ni t a i e di s or ny he ai . i on t g i fr t ovi s ha Cg oa tons l bebr htwih rs c t prs c tonsunde r 19831...byaprs r 'nl ci hal oug t epe t o ion ondii rj , ione c n i di a j i, rs no oh rc re to l a ii u tls c a mi itai erme isa ae o fne n ny alp io r te o r cina f clt n i u h d n sr tv e de s r y a lbl ar e use ' 42U. C.j1 ( .Thee usi r r vaia e e xha td. ' S. 997ea) xha ton equiementi ma t ya s ndaor nd t pplest a1i t s t a tprs lf .' Pore v. se,534U. 51 524,532( t i o l nmae uis bou ion iegq' tr Nusl a S. 6, 2002) . t ope e us i de ands c pla e w ih a ag nc s de dlnes a ot rc ii lpr ce a ç pr r xha ton m om i nc t n e y' a i nd he rtca o dur l r e .'W oodf dv. uls' or Nco,5 U. 81 90( 48 S. , 2006) W he aprs pr desana nitai . n ion ovi dmi srtve g i va e pr dur t i a e m us tl a gre nc r i i a pari ul r c a m a pur ue i r e nc oce e, he nm t t ie i va e a s ng tc a l i nd s t t ough a 1a l bl l ve sofa a t t o ry e us . l ;Di v. hr 1 vaia e e l ppe l o s pe l xha t' d. xon Pace 291 F. 485, pr ' , 3d 490- (t Ci. 91 7h r 2002) . $g n a nitai rme i notc i r t ha be n a ia ei aprs r çA) dmi srtve e dy s onsdeed o ve e valbl f ione , t ough no f ul ofhi ow n,w a pr ve e f om a ii hi s l ofi . M oor v. Benne t 517 hr a t s s e nt d r va lng m e f t' ' e t e, F.d71 725( hCi.2008) çg j nm ionofkil pr ve i t fom usngt 3 7, 4t r . iW he s t as e nt nmaes r i he a i s r tve pr e s ... t pr s t te s s on pa rbec e una l bl i r lt .'' dm nit a i oc s , he oce s ha xit pe om s vaia e n ea iy Ka v.Stpp,458F. 678,684( hCi.2006) Ani t sfiur t e us i a ba e 3d 7t r . nmae' al e o xha t s n a f nna i de e e t ta de e nthast bur n t pr . J f i tve f ns ha f nda he de o ove onesv. Bock,549 U . 199,216 S. ( 2007) . TheCorec i a M edi lDe e nt r l on a fda t pr ded by C. ne ,t r tonal nd ca f nda s e y fi vis ovi Tur r he PCC Grevance Coor nat who has accesst pl ntf sapplcabl gr evance r ds. 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Pl i iffld ar ul rg iva eon Augus 1 201 compli ng t tCumbe antf ie eg a re nc t 0, 1, ani ha e a s ule hi a r si t tphoogrphsbetke oft ij i .R.W azrs s a td m nd eque tng ha t a a n he n ures l eponde t t d o he g i vanc on Aug t 11 2011 i or i pl ntf t tt gr e nc w asa r que tf s r c re e us , , nf m ng ai i f ha he i va e e s or e vi es a di no mee t i a c ieraf ar ulrgreva e.Stf r t ne t rj ce r ulr nd d t t he ntke rt i or eg a i nc af eur d he ee td eg a g i va e t pl ntf ,and pl ntf di no a alW a z' i t ke de s on. r e nc o ai if ai if d t ppe l s na ci i Pl i if tl a s cond r ul r g i va e on Se em ber23,2011, a m i t be af a d of a nt f i ed e eg a r e nc pt cl i ng o ri Cu e a dr q e tn ta Cu e b k p a yfo plitf.Tur e rj ce ter g a mb e n e u si g h t mb e e e t wa r m anif n r ee td h e ulr g iva c o t esmeda b c us ilc ds fi in i o mai n.Stf r tr dterj ce re n e n h a y e a e t a ke u tce t nfr to a f eu ne h ee td r gul r g i vanc t pl i t f ,a pl ntf di nota a Tur r s i ake de i i n. e a re e o a n i f nd ai if d ppe l ne ' nt c so Pl i iff l a t r r ul rgr e nce on Se t m be 25,2011 de a ng t tCum be a ntf ied hi d eg a i va pe r , m ndi ha e b ds i i df rtealg de e sv f re Tu n rrj ce t er g lrg iv n eo Oco e e icpl o h le e xc s ie o c . r e ee td h e ua re a c n tb r ne 4, 01 , c us pan ifd dno tmeyfl i.S afrtr dterj ce r g lrg iv n et 2 1 be a e litf i t i l ie t tf eu ne h ee td e ua re a c o pl i if a pl i i fdi nota a ntf , nd a ntf d ppea Tur r s i ake de s on. l ne ' nt ci i Tur rdi notf nd a r gul rgre ne d i ny e a i vanc a es boutCum bee' a l ged e e s ve f c s le xc s i or e, pr a t orr i e t phs Cr g de ng pl n i fa m e ;s a fm i ha i pl i if s m a l of niy, ac al pia ' ai nyi , ai t f al t f s ndlng a ntf i; Sc r r y' r us lt t ea pl i tf 'A .M ic li t r e i w ih t e t e t o a ce st a doc o ' a be r s ef a o r t a n i f , t hel n e f r ng t r a m n r c s o tr , orYaes i pr t ' m operhii ortani ofsa f Tur rcondude t tpl i ifdi no s rng r i ng t f . ne s ha antf d t ubmi a t ny t he r gul rgre nce r a e t hi c i r e a i va s elt d o s ompl i si t slw s tora ot rcompl i sdurng ot ant n hi a ui ny he ant i t tm e pe i ofJ y 2011 t ough O c obe 2011 ' nd t tpl i if S l a l di notf l he i rod ul hr t r ' a ha a ntf s e r y d c olow esa ihe pr ed e i hi at mpt t admi srtvey r ol hi c t bls d oc ur s n s te s o nitai l es ve s ompl i s' ( ant . 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P an ifr le o Pee v W ic nj p rme sç Co rcin ,1 2F.d 5 2( t Ci. litf eis n rz . s o smDe a t n ) re to s 8 3 3 7h r f 1 ,t aguet te esi f c a medi ldei r ei fe e camsdonotnee t be 999) o r ha xc sve ore nd ca lbeat ndifr nce li do e xhaus e . 1 I Pe e ,t Se nt Ci c tCour ofAppe l cr a e a e e i t t t d 3 n r z he ve h r ui t a s e t d n xc pton o he e xhaus i r uie e f c a m st tc d notbe r m edi by a adm i s r tve gre nc ton eq r m nt or l i ha oul e ed n ni ta i i va e. The Per cour expl ned: ez t ai l i pos i e t i agi c esi whi h t ha m i do a no f t r a i sr tve t s s bl o m ne as n c he r s ne nd ur he dm ni ta i a ton coul s y a Gr m e ' ...Suppos t pr s rbr ks hi l g a cl i s ci d uppl nv te dy.' e he i one ea s e nd a m d lyi sti gt ebo ei cu la du u ua p n s me t l t eij r ha h ae b ea n e t h n s r e n n s l u ih n . f h nu y s e ld y n t tm e s tbe ns no hi ot rt n da age c d be a ç e e ' a i t he i ui gi , t ng he ha m s oul d m dy, nd f he r ' a i sr tve pr s ca tpr de c pe a i t n t r i no a i sr tve dm ni t a i oce s nno ovi om ns ton he he e s dm ni t a i r edy t exhaus . em o t 1 F.d a 538( i nale 82 3 t orgi mphass.Howe r 800t v.Chur r 532U. 731( ) i) ve , h ne , S. 2001, o r ul Per z' nar ow vi w ofa i s r tve e us i by r quii t ve r ed e s r e dm ni ta i xha ton e r ng t usi ofa 1 exha ton 1 a i s r tve pr e e t tha t ut r t t t ke s e a ton i r pons t a com pl n , dm nit a i oc dur s ha ve a ho iy o a om c i n es eo ai t ' eve i t pr dur c nnotpr de t onl r i t tt pr s r i s e ng,e. , one n f he oce e a ovi he y elef ha he i one s e ki g. m y da ges' Laki v. lowa 266F. 718, ( hCi. )(ii 800t 532U. a ma . r n Gal v, ' 3d 723 7t r 2001 etng h, S. t 736- ) TheSe nt Cicui nolnge rc niest P-rze e in,a 1deci t a y 38. ve h r t o r e og z he ee xc pto nd lne o ppl t over ul excepton t t scase. he r ed i o hi Pl n i ff ist r u e def ndant 'e de e ofhi f l est e us ad i s r tve ai t f a l o ef t e s vi nc s aiur o xha t m nit a i r edi f any oft cl m srai i t sacton. Pl ntf f rherf l t es abls t em es or he ai sed n hi i ai if ' t ais o t ih hat u 1 Pl ntf a s cies Br ze t v. Mvat 1 9 U. . s. 3 ai if l o t a lon t, 9 9 S DitLEXI l 521 1 9 W L 96 43 ( D. 1. t 1 '1 9 ) S 6 599 6 5 N. 11 Oc. 9 9 9 7 whih m e eyr id on Per t hol t tanEi h Am e e medialcai di notne t bee used. c r l ele ez o d ha ght ndm nt c lm d ed o xha t 18 gre nc pr edu e w e e una l e,a pl i i f sdec s o t notpu s a i sr i e i va e oc r s r vaiabl nd a ntf ' i i ns o r ue dm ni tatv r edi precl r em es ude ecover i t s acton. Accor ngl t Cor i y n hi i di y, he rectonaland M çdi cal Dee nt aee ildt s fnda s r ntte o ummayj r udgme . nt 1 . V Fo t f rg i gra o s I ont s Bo d p y h l gs'a ad fn a td s s al r he o e o n e s n , j i û . y , s c o o it s e e d n, imis 1 M ' camsa ans Bo da An es nwi o tp eudc f rfiigt saeacam u nwhc li g i t y nd d ro t u rj ie o aln o tt li po ih h r i ma beg a e puruan t 28U. C.j1 ()2)B)i)a j1915A( () grntt elef y r ntd, s t o S. 915e ( ( (i nd b) 1; a he Co r ci n l n M e ia d fnd n s moinst dimisa df rs mma yj d me t a dd n re to a a d d c l ee a t' to o s s n o u r u g n ' n e y , p an ifsmo inf rs mmayj d me t ld ci t e ries p e n a j rs ito o e litf to o u r u g n . e l o xecs u plme tl u id ci n v r ne anysae-a cli ,purua t 28U. C.j1 c( . tt lw ams s nt o S. 367()3) The Cl r i di e t d t s nd c e oft sM e or ndum Opi on and t a c pa ng e k s r c e o e opi s hi m a ni he c om nyi O r rt pl i ifand c de o a ntf ouns ofr or f def nt . e ec d or enda s EN TER :Thi da ofM ay,201 y 2. / e o Unied St t s D lt i tJ ni t a e s rc udge 19
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