Keystone v. Hinkle et al, No. 7:2012cv00155 - Document 25 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 10/31/2012. (kab)
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D FRK: OFFI k. DI . URT d CE !Ss ST X ATMQANOKE, VA Fl. 0 tè ê : I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I STR I CO U R T CT FOR TH E W ESTERN DI STRI O F VI I A CT RG NI R O AN O K E D I SI VI ON R AND ALL J.K EY ST O N E, Pl ntf ai if, N 2 12 1 0V 22 JULI . LE , RK A W CLE BY: D U CL ERK C i lA c i N o. 7: c 1 vi ton : 12- v- 55 M em orandum O pi on ni V. G EO R G E H I K LE,etaI, N . H on.Jam esC .Tur k Se or Uni e St t D i t i tJudg ni t d a es s r c e Defendant s. Thi cvi rght aci unde 42 U. C.j 1 aie fom prs ofi al'fiur t us s i l i s ton r S. 983 rss r ion fci s al e o e t lgalnn of t Pli it Ra l Keysone,whih he alges i a vi ai ofhi he e me he antfl ndal t c le s olton s c tt i lrg s Pr s ntbef e t Cour i De e onsiutona i ht . e e or he t s f ndan s M oton t Dimis f Faiur t t' i o s s or l e o St t a Cl i . ECF N o. l For t r s ns t t f l , t Cour G R AN TS Def nt ae am 5. he ea o ha olow he t enda s' m o i Pl ntf sca ei DI I ton; ai if s s SM SSED W I PREJUDI TH CE. 1 . FA C TUA L A ND PR O C EDU R AL BA CK G R O UN D The Pli ifsbate t be cal d by hi l ga na ehasbe n l and a duous Se ECF a ntf tl o le se l m e ong r . e No.12 a 6- Bor RandalKe ( onounc Ii K pl e s',Pl ntf cha dhi l t - t 26. n l yes pr ed tke us ye ' ai if nge s as l ) na t Ke t i 1 bec us t ol namei E fnsve t hi (a l a ndo hi me o ysone n 995 a e he d s t e i o m fmiy ba ned m, of ec.. ECF No.1 a 4.W hen he wa i ac rtd i 1 ,t na Ke a aed on t t )' ' t s nc re ae n 998 he me yes ppe r he s nt nc ng or a t K e w a t l s na e unde w hi Pl i if w as c m it d t t e e i der nd hus yes s he a t m r ch a ntf om te o he c t oft Vigni Depa t ntofCore tons(( usody he r i a rme rci $ VDOC' .Cons quenty,VDOC lss , ' ) e l it--or a la tprort t sltga i lse hi prma ynn easKe ,a VD OC polc di tt st t t e s i o hi ii ton, it d s i r m yes nd iy ca e ha prs safc nr e t hi byeihe na ECFNo.12a 9( O. #05 6- ) ion tf a efr o m t r me. - t D. P. 0. 9 . D e pie t s polc Pl ntf ha be n a e us K e t f m os ,i nota l pur e a s t hi i y, ai if s e bl e ys one or t f l, pos s t t Re Oni Stt Prs ($ he d on ae ion t ROSP',whee he i i reaed.Howe ,a t tmeoft ' ) r s ncac rt ver t he i he f lng of t Com pl i , pr s of i i l s il prnt Keye on Pl ntf s m ont y i ge ii he a nt i on fc a s tl i ed s ai if hl ndi nt hygi ne ba m o hl l lpa ke , ont y i a e t us ac ounts a e e s m one ta a tons e g, nt y ega c t m hl nm t r t c t t m nt , y r ns c i rc pt,gre nc r s e ,s gr ai che t s es a vai me c lss J at5.The e ei s iva e epons s e eg ton c he t, nd rous dial it.#= . r s t i t tpr s n of i al and em pl s of e ca lPl i ifby t l tna e K e s w hi h i e ul s ha i o fci s oyee t n l a ntf he as m ye , c s of e i t hi ,tus ly da l ' l a 6.Som e pr s e pl s a l gedl m a i a poi t f ns ve o m é ua l iy.' d. t i on m oyee le y ke t nt o c lhi Keye e n t al m s ve houg he has cor e t d t h r c e hem polt l o m a oc s ons The us oft ie y n ny ca i . e he of e i na e K e ha be n o f ns ve m yes s e ngoi f m or t n a dec de. ng or e ha a D e e nt i or t Cour t t s e ntt t f lng oft s a ton,K e t i now f nda s nf m he t ha , ubs que o he ii hi c i ys one s t na eunderwhih Pl i ifwilbe lse i t mai prs ne datba e VACORI a t t he m c antf l it d n he n i o r a s , S, nd ha Pl ntf hasbe n i s d ane I c d dipl yi bo h na e .Pl ntf c i d t t Cour ai if e s ue w D ar s a ng t m s ai if onfnne o he t t tt ne I ca d had bee i s d,but c pl i t t pr s s a f s il c i t ve ba l ha he w D r n s ue om a ns ha i on t f tl ontnue o r ly r f r t hi a K e a t tt c put r ge r t d ac untng r c ds a r ce pt s ilbea e e o m s yes nd ha he om e - ne a e co i e or nd e i s tl r t na e K e a notK e t . l he m yes nd ys one To c rc t s ye r ofalge i1te t nt Pli iftld t s j 1 s ta s ri ore t he e a s le d 1 rame , antf ie hi 983 ui s etng t e c a m s Cl i 1 a l s t t D e e nt Loone vi a e hi Ei h Am e hr e l i . a m lege ha f nda y ol t d s ght ndm e t a Fis n nd r t Ame ndm e r g s w he s yeled,d nt i ht n he l t your na e i K e s'i hi ea , a t m s ye ' n s r lhoug s w a a a e h he s w r t t Ke i nothi l galna e.Thi c a m al o a l ges t t Def nda t H i e and M a he ha yes s s e m s l i s le ha e n s nkl t na vi a ed hi r ght by r f i t r m e t pr e i r s ol t si s e us ng o e dy he obl m n e pons t hi g i va es e o s r e nc . 1Th Co r h sr viwe t e a d t n lç p ae ' (e ECF No .21 2 ,& 2 ) fo Pli t f fld atrt e e u t a e e d h d ii a ç d t s' s e o u s ,2 4 r m an i - i fe h f e bre i ont M o i t Dim isw a c plt - a hi i st asr eva f t,butdoesnotr yon t m ifng he ton o s s s om eed nd ghlght hem el nt acs el he f pum os oft moton.Th Cou tus st s lte st ditnguihbewe t pr em st tPli ifsilf c or es he i e r e he e e tr o si s t en he obl ha antf tl a es a t e t ha bee r ol d d i t pe nd hos hat ve n es ve urng he ndenc oft s c e butis de son w oul be t s m e wih or y hi as , t cii d he a t wihoutt . t hem Cli 2 i a i tROSP saf f rf r i hi t a ce r c ptofbe ft a s r i e am s gans t f o o cng m o c pt e ei ne is nd e v c s s e y unde K e s Pl ntf alege t s a tons vi a e hi Ei h A m e e , Fis ol l r ye . ai i f l s he e c i ol t s ght ndm nt r t Am e ent a Fouree h Am e ndm , nd t nt ndm e Equa Pr e i r g s nt l ot cton i ht . Cl m 3 alege t t R O SP r us t i s hi a I c r w ih hi l l na e on i, ai l s ha ef es o s ue m n D a d t s ega m t vi a i hi Ei h A m endm ent a Fi s A m e ol tng s ght nd r t ndm e rght ,2 s i i ly alegi vi a i nt i s pec fca l l ng ol tons whe De e nt Hi eand M ahe r us t a e st s is si t g i ncepr es . n f nda s nkl t na ef ed o ddr s he e s ue n he reva oc s Pl ntf s ksmone da ge i t a ntof$ 999. ij tver i i t f m ai if ee y ma s n he mou 49, 99, nunci elef n he or o a od ro d rn Re Onint so d n ighi lg l ihs plsat e lrt r j dg n a f n r e r e ig d o o tp e yn s e a rg t, u d caao y u me t s d t j s e a tywh thslg l ih sa e'ECF No 1a 7 o u t x cl a i e a rg t r . ' . t. I r s ns t t ecl m s t Def nda shave tld a M oton t Dimisf Fa lr t n e po e o hes ai , he e nt ie i o s s or iu e o St t a Cl m . ae ai ECF N o.1 The Cour Cl r i s d a Ros o notc EC F N o.17,a Pl i if 5. t e k s ue ebor i e, nd a ntf r s nded,ECF N o.1 m a ng t m a t rr pe f di post o e po 8, ki he te i or s ii n. I. l LEG A L ST AN D AR D l or rt s vveamoi t dimisunde Fe R.Ci P.1 b)6) i co antmus n de o ur i ton o s s r d. v. 2( ( ,t mpli a t co a n s fci ntf c ua m a t ,a e e ast e, o t t t a c ai t r le t ti pl us bl on is nt i uf i e a t l ter cc pt d nz t s a e l m o e i f ha s a i e t fce''As r tv.I ,556 U. 662,678 ( a .' hcof qbal S. 2009)( i BelAt.Cor v.Twombl 55 quotng l l p. y, 0 U. 544,570 ( S. 2007).The Cour i oblgae t a e astu aloft c antsfcua ) t s i td o cc pt r e l he ompli ' a t l alegai a tke t f c si t lghtm os f a e t t pl i if Gi r t v.J o l tons nd a he a t n he i t avor bl o he antf . araano ohns n, 5 F. 298,302( h Ci. ) W he rviwi t lga s fce y ofacam,howeve,he 21 3d 4t r 2008 . n e e ng he e l ufiinc li rt Cour ç e nota ce t l galc us ons d a fom t f t . 1 tt d ne c pt he e oncl i r wn r he ac s' d. ' 2I Plitf ' r s et t M oton t Dim is ECFN o.l at1 Pli ifi or edt Cour t theha r c ve n an ifs e pons o he i o s s, 8 , antf nf m he tha d e ei d an w I c r dipa igbohna s tusa p ai t rn e a yd ma frij n tv rl fa t hi alg to s e D ad s lyn t me,h p erng o e d r n e nd o nu cie ei s o s le ain e u erCl i 3 m oo . nd am t 11 1. A NA LY SI S A . C l m sA boutt G r e ai he i vanc Pr s agai t De e e oce s ns f ndant M at na and H i e s he nkl A s t c ai s a ns t s D e e nt ,Pl ntf s onl alega i ar t tt f l d t o l m gai t he e f nda s ai i f y l tons e ha hey aie o r m e t vi a i ofhi rght t ough gre e dy he ol tons s i s hr i vanc pr dur s H ow e r l nm a e do notha e oce e . ve , i i ts ve a c tt i ly pr t c ed r ghtt a gre nc pr ed e,'Br n v.V a.D e .ofCor . 6: onsiutona l o e t i o i va e oc ur ' ow pt r, 07- CV00033,2009 W L 8745 a *1 ( . Va.J n.9,2009)( tngAda v.Rie,40F. 72, 9, t 3 W D. a cii ms c 3d 75 ( h Ci.1 ) and ûgl i a i ta prs ne on a a nitai c antdo not 4t r 994), trulng gans io r n dmi srtve ompli es c u e o c nrb t t ( c nsi to l vo ain. Br wn 2 0 W L 8 45 ,a * 3 ( u t a s r o tiu e o a o tt inal ilto ' o , 0 9 u ' 7 9 t 1 q oi ng Ge c v.Smih, F. 605,609 ( h Ci.2007) Ac e i a1 fcsi t Co an as or e t 507 3d 7t r ). c ptng 1 a t n he mplit tue Pli iff ist sa ea cli upon whih r le c n begr ntd a ns M a he a Hi e. r , a ntf al o tt am c ei f a a e gai t t na nd nkl The e or a 1 cl i s r l t d t alege de i i nc e of t gr e nce pr es and a ns t e r f e, 1 a m e a e o l d fc e i s he i va oc s gai t hes t o De e nt a e dim i s d. w f nda s r s s e B. Fi tA m endm entC l m s rs ai Pl i if ale s i varous c s t t hi Fis A m e e r lg ous a e es i a ntf l ge n i ount ha s r t ndm nt e i i nd xpr s ve rg sha bee vi ae Se ECF No.1 a 6 (û rghtt feey pr ci rlgi a t iht ve n oltd. e t ' i o r l a tce ei on nd o my exprs mysl i vi aed' (ii U. Cons.a nd.) e s ef s olt ' ctng S. t me I. ) Ast Pli tf s a s ri n t tt Fr e Exe c s Clus pr t c shi rg t us hi l ga o a n if s e to ha he e r i e a e o e t s i ht o e s e l na ,t Co tnot sPl i ifs i onsse e a tonsf hi na e c me he ur e antf nc itnt xplna i or s m hange. The frtr s n is ea o g ve i t Co pl ntf t na e c ng wasdi t i hi s l f o unpl a a m e o i sof i n n he m ai or he m ha e sanc ng m e f r m e s nt m r e hi fmiyst ton.l at4 Cûa l a ndone ( ,ec.) I i onl ltri t Complitt t s a l iuai d. fmiy ba d mel t ' .t s y ae n he ' an ha he o fr r lgo j tfc to f r te n me c n e l . a 6 ( y tn h s lei iu fe s eiius usiiai n o h n ha g . d t Ke so e a û lgo s r c tton,lke ( e t Stt ofPems va a' STheras f t na c nge,a t onnoai i K ysone ae' r yl ni l. e on or he me ha nd he 3Thec m onnikna eofPe yl aha no a e r i oussgniianc . Se OnlneEt ogy Ditonay, om c m nns vani s pparnt elgi i fc e e i ymol ci r h p:www.t nl ec m/n e p p sac =Ke tn istt (at vstd Oc.2 , 2 l ) (te nyla i wa û / / eymo i ,o id x.h ? e rh yso e ae ls ii n e t 4 0 2 û n s v na s p rltddesr t us t new na t ac es prs sr ies i sg tca be a eSg nl beif eae ie o e he me o c s ion e vc , s inii nt c us lol y le s r t d i r i o ar pr e e by t Fr e Exe c s Cl us ... Thom a v.R e e Bd. 450 oo e n elgi n e ot d d he e r i e a e. ' ' s vi w , U. 707,71 ( 981 . r or,i t r s f Pl ntf sna c ngei sc a,t nheha S. 3 1 ) Theef e f he ea on or ai if me ha s e ulr he s no cl i unde t Fr Exe c s Cl us am r he ee r i e a e. Ba e on t Compli , t Cour fnds t t Pli if has not s fc e l pld t sd he ant he t i ha antf ufii nty e he r lgi m otva i unde l ng hi r ques t us hi l alnn e.H e has noti ntte t tt e i ous i ton ryi s e t o e s eg m de ii d ha he na e is l i r lgi t hi ort tc ngi hi na se e fom r i ous motvai ns m t ef s ei ous o m ha ha ng s me t mm d r elgi i to ' , r t r he vag y a s r s t t t na e ha r i ous co t tons The e or t Cour a he , uel s e t ha he m s elgi nno a i . r f e, he t dim is hi Fr eExe ciecli .Eve i t Fr e Exe cieCl e pr ec e hi rghtt us hi s s es s e r s a ms n f he e r s aus ot t d s i o e s l galna e t obt i pr s s v c ,Pl ntf s ilw oul notpr va ls nce t Cour tnds be ow e m o a n i on er i es ai i f tl d e i i he ti l if he ne Sal v4 es pplca e o e c s am . t D ef hat endant 'actonssats yt Tur rv. te t ta i bl t Fr e Exer iecli s s i W ih r ga d t Pl i ifs Fis Am e t e r o antf rt ndme e e sve cli ,a s i t tt r i a nt xpr s i a ms s um ng ha he e s n e es i rghtf r a prs r t us hi l ga na e t obt i prs s r c be ca l by hi xpr s ve i o i one o e s e l m o a n i on e vi es led s lga namei prs n,s se. ,Felxv. a 8 F. 51 51 1 (t Ci.1 ( i t ta e l n io ee g. i Roln, 33 2d 7, 8- 9 5h r 987) notng ha pr s r s rghtt us hi l lna e t obt i pr s s vi es i not lm ied t r g s pr ec e i one ' i o e s ega m o a n i on er c s i t o i ht ot t d by t Fre Exerie Clus ,De e nt'a tonsc he e cs a e) f nda s ci ompor wih t t ta t t he es nnounc d i Tur r e n ne . U nde Tur r prs r gul tons t t i pa t i a e ' c tt i r ne , i on e a i ha m c nm t s ons iutonal r g s a e ne rhel s i ht r ve t e s cons iutona i r as bl r a e t a l gii a e pe ogi l i e e t5 A pp1 i t s t s a tt i l f e ona y el t d o e tm t nol ca nt r s . y ng hi e t nd r l ng on Fourh Ci c t pr ce nt t Co t fnds t t t D e e nt ' ac i pur ua t e yi t r ui e de , he ur i ha he f nda s tons s nt o VD OC r ul tons a e i f c r as eg a i r n a t e onabl r a ed t a l gii a e pe ogi a i e e t y el t o e tm t nol c l nt r s . c l dteKe so eSaebea s o isp st n(e ga hia a dpoiia)i teo ii l rc nc ne eain al h y tn tt c u e ft o ii g o rp c l n l c l n h rgna Ameia o fd rt , e o t o b t e n rh r sae a ds u h r o e .) ewe n o te n tt s n o t e n n s' . ' 4 2U S 7 (9 7 . 48 8 18 ) 5co rsc n i rfu fco si d tr nngi arg lt ni rao a yrltdt algtmaeg n lgc lneet u t o sde o r atr n eemii f e uai s e s n bl eae o e ii t e oo ia itrs: o ()wh te terg lto rto al a a tal a v n e an url n lgimaeg v r me tltrs;2 wh te 1 eh r h e uain ain l nd cu l d a c s e ta a d e t t o en n neet () eh r y y i tep io e h satr a ieme n o e e csn t es merg t ( )t e f c p o os d a c mmod to wil a eo h rs n r a l n tv a s f x r ii g h a i h ; 3 he fe t r p e c o e ains l h v n pio rs uc s a d( wh te tee itn eo t b iu , ayatraie 'ta i o ead mii sc s rte t rs n eo re; n 4) eh r h xse c fç vo s e s len tv s'h t mp s e nmi o t el c o t r gulto slc ofr s blne . r r 482U . a 89- 1. he e ain' a k ea ona e ss Tu ne , S. t 9 Plitf sc rntc e i ae( )t ts meoft prs n r c dssilrfe thi ol anif ure ontntons r 1 ha o he io e or tl elc s d nn onl a ( t ts sa fme ssilc lhi byhi ol na ora c r ton ofi. me y nd 2) ha ome tf mber tl al m s d me orupi t The Fou t Cic t s t o ough di cus i of t e r m e y s m ia i s i A l v. D i r h r ui' h r s s on he xt e l i l r s ues n i xon6 i s i tuc i . The e t Fo t Ci c t r qui e t t prs ofi i s add a prs r s r lgi ns r tve r , he urh r ui e r d ha i on f c al i one ' e i ous na e t prs r co dsas a a k/ de i ton,s a i t tt f iur t do s f c d t prs ner m o i on e r n / a s gna i t tng ha he a l e o o or e he i o t ta knowldge't ofe i na t ac es s r c t whih hewasenil J sa 90- . o tc e ' he fnsve me o c s evies o c tted.#- t 91 The of i i l w e e onl r quie t r f fc a s r y e r d o e onn pr s r c ds how e r t t ext nt nec s a y t ion e or , ve , o he e esr o al t i t t a es rquie s r ce .l a 90 (t'eEi h Cic thasra he ar s t low he nmae o cc s e rd evi s d. t df -h ght rui e c d eul ve y sm ia t olrow n by hol ng t tan A r ns s s a e pr s t e r f m is r c d kee ng r i lr o z di ha ka a t t i on ne d e or t e or pi o l t t e tn n c s ayt alw (n Ilmi imae t r c i sr ie a d if nn to i ny o he xe t e e s r o lo a sa c n t) o e eve e vc s n n o ain n hi ne na wihi t prs ''quotngSaa v.Loc t905F. 11 ( t Ci.1 ) s w me t n he ion.'( i lam khar, 2d 68 8h r 990). Addii ly,whie t Fourh Cic ti Al r quie a c nge t t pli ifswrte tonal l he t r ui n i e r d ha o he antf it n rc r ,i rj ce - u de te Tu n rt s- a y rq ie n t tp io safv r al a d e s e o d t ee td n r h r e e t n e u rme t ha rs n tf eb l d rs y hi onl by hi l galna e I a 91 The Co tno e t ta l i s a f t co i t us t m y se m . d. t . ur t d ha low ng t f o ntnue o e he c omm itd na s ve t pe ogiali er ssofsaf knowi ea h i ae by na e whi h te me er d he nol c nt e t tf ng c nm t m , c brd fmiirt bewe n safa ofe r J s seas tl a 90(t ngt ne na whe e e a laiy t e tf nd fnde .#- e lo ls t d ; Addi he w me r wrte i adifrntketeoffs t n lani t namesfroneprs .l M ai v.Br itn s fee tl ih ha e r ng wo o ioner' ; lk ' own, 71F. 72 727 ( h Ci.1 )(1 c s sha c itnty s 3d 4, 9t r 995 1 The a e ve onsse l uppore gha)a i t ha a td t t n nmae s Fis Ame d n itrs i u igh srlgo sn me a la ti c nu ci nwi hsc mmi e rt n me t n ee t n sn i ei iu a , t e s n o j n to t i o t d h t na .)( tngc es;Tha ke v. xo 784F.Supp.286,297( D. C.1991 afd,953F. me' cii as ) c r Di n, ' E. N. )f 2d 639( hCi.1 ( s usi ext i l t us ofbot na verusonl t l alna a 4t r 992) dic sng ensvey he e h mes s y he eg me nd c udi t tus of bot nn e i c tt i ly pe s i e,butus ofonl t l alna e oncl ng ha e h m s s ons iutona l nni s bl e y he eg m i notconsiutonal rquie byFourh Cic toranyot rpr e nt. s tt i ly e rd t r ui he ec de ) 691 F2(8 9 - ( t Ci. 99 ) 2 1 6 0 91 4 h r 1 0 He e,a t Pli ifs c am t t s r s o a ntf' l i ha ome prs r c ds sil r fe t t ofe i na ion e or tl e l c he f nsve me Ke s heha ofe e no evi e t the i f ce t d c wl dge't ofe i na ort t ye , s frd denc ha s or d o ç kno e ' he f nsve me ha a he c nnot a e s a1 s r c a RO SP unde hi l ga na e I e quie t t co r r a cc s 1 e vi es t r s e l m . nde d, t o he nt a y, Pli tf hi s l has a it d t the does no nee t us t ol na e Ke s t a e s a a n if m e f dm te ha t d o e he d m ye o cc s ny s r c .Se ECF No.18a 2 Ci-l Ac tng De .i silsndi memont y saeme s evies e t g-he couni l pt s tl e ng hl tt nt a dr c it i t eodn me( y s o l Ho v r wh nteta a to so c r 1al y gi) n e ep s n h l a Ke e ) ny. we e , e h rns cin c u , l s sc wa us Ke t t mone wihdr f ms i alfle out sgne & winese i Ke t ' . e vsone; he y t aw or s l ild- , i d t s d n vsone.) ' The c tt i onsiutonalvi a i not by t Fourh Cic ti A1 wast prs rbei f c d t ol ton ed he t r ui n i he ione ng or e o ta know l dge' t of e i c m it na e t a ce s s r c t whi h he w a e il 91 tc e ' he f nsve om ted m o c s e vi es o c s ntted. 2 F. a 9 Pl n i f by hi ow n a i s on,c n a e s a1 s r i e t oug t na e Keys o 2d t 0. ai tf , s dm s i a cc s 1 e v c s hr h he m t ne. M or ver prs ofi a s a e o y consiutona l r quie t a e prs r c ds t t eo , ion fcil r nl tt i ly e r d o m nd ion e or o he e en nec s ar t al t i ae t ac es r quie s l c .l a 90.Si e prs ofi i s xt t e s y o low he nm t o c s e r d ewi es d. t nc ion fcal do not f c Pl i i f t us K e t a c s pr s n s v c a pr s of i a s ha a r a or e a ntf o e yes o c es i o er i es nd i on fci l ve l e dy r f m ed pr s r co ds s h t t Pl i if c n a e s a l s r i es us ng t na e Keys o us e or i on e r uc ha a ntf a cc s 1 e v c i he m t ne, e of t nam e K e on t t a a ton r ce pt a m ont y ac ount s a e e s doe no vi a e he yes he r ns c i e i s nd hl c t t m nt s t ol t t Fis Am e e . e i a 90- . he r t ndm nt Se d. t 91 As f sa f ve bal r f ng t Pl i if by t na Keye ,t Fourh Cic tha or t f r ly e eni o antf he me s he t r ui s ale dy de e m i d i A 1 t t s af s ve bal us of t c m it d nam e doe no vi a e t ra t r ne n i ha t f r e he om te s t ol t he Tur rt ta t i nota Fis A m e m e vi a i l a 91 ne es nd hus s rt nd nt ol ton. d. t . W hie Pl i ifw oul ce t i y pr f rne rt he ors e t na e K eye e raga n,t l a ntf d r a nl e e ve o ar e he m s ve i he Fi s Am e e doesno m a t t tr ul.The Co tdi m i s s Pl i tf sFi s Am e e rt ndm nt t nda e ha es t ur s s e a n if r t ndm nt c ai s lm . C. EqualProtect on Cl m s i ai Pl i i f alege a vi l ton of hi Fo t e h A m e m e e a ntf l s oai s ur e nt nd nt qual pr ec i n r g s i ot to i ht n Cl i 2.1 s c ed on a e lpr e ton cl i ,a pl ntf m us fr tde o tat t the ha am $ uc e To n qua ot c i am ai if t is m nsr e ha s be n teaed dif r l fo ot r wih who he i sm ia l st ed a t tt une l e r t fe enty r m he s t m s i lry iuat nd ha he qua te t e w a t r ul of i e i lorpum os uldi c i i ton.' oni on v.Gar a y,239 r a m nt s he es t nt ntona ef s r m na i ' M s r ght F.d 6 654 ( h Ci.2001.Pl ntf,howe r ha onl ofee a e de e ofaFoure nt 3 48, 4t r ) ai if ve , s y frd s vi nc te h Am e ndmentvi a i t tEhey don' do i t ot rprs r ' a $ beleve t tvi a e my olton ha l t t t o he ione s' nd t i I ha olt s 1 h a e c t r ghtt e 4t m nd. ons . i o qualpr ec i n ofl w s ' ECF N o.1 at6. ot to a . ' Fis,ttlradbae r ial of t ee nt of a ca e of a ton,s rt d lle r ect s he lme s l us ci uppored by mee t r co l or satme s do nots fc ' As r tv.l l 55 U. 662,678 ( ncus y t e nt, ufie. hcof qba, 6 S. ' 2009) Se ond, . c Pl ntf ha of e ed no i c ton t tt s t he pr s r ' we e s m ia l s t t d t hi o ai i f s f r ndi a i ha he e s r i one s' r i l r y iua e o m r ot t tune ha qualtea m e w as t r s t of d nt ntona or pur e uldi c i i ton,'M or i on v. r t nt he e ul t e i l i pos f s rm na i ' rs Ga rahy,23 F. 6 654 ( hCi.2001 ;seas Ve v. vc 293F. 726( h Ci. ra t 9 3d. 48, 4t r ) e lo nev W he, 3d. 4t r 2002) asrquie unde t s ond pr The Cour fndst tPli ifha notme hi bur n , e rd r he ec ong. t i ha antf s t s de unde I la di m i s hi Four e nt A m endm e cl m s r qba nd s s es s te h nt ai . D . Ei h A m endm entC l m s ght ai Pl i if sm ia l ca a ntf i l ry nnotpr vai on hi Ei h A m end e c a m s He a l gest tpr s e l s ght m nt l i . le ha i on of i a s vi a e hi Ei h A m endm e r gh s i a1 t ee c ai s O f i e Looney s r m i fci l ol t d s ght nt i t n l hr l m : f c r c ea ng d ç your nam es i Ke ' i hi e r eve t ug s was a a e t t t t w as no hi l ga na e s yes' n s a n ho h he w r ha ha t se l m ( am 1)f ci hi t ac e s r iesa be ft unde hi ol na onl ( ai 2) a not Cli ,or ng m o c pt e vc nd neis r s d me y Cl m , nd pr di hi wih a I cad diplyi bot na ( ai 3) Ne t es,t Compli ovi ng m t n D r s a ng h mes Cl m . verhel s he ant do no s fci nty a l ge vi a i of t Ei h A m e es t uf i e l le ol tons he ght ndm e a t t Cour di m i s s nt nd hus he t s se t hese cl m s. ai To pr ry alege a Se i n 1 3 cai a ns a sae ofi i l unde t Ei h ope l l cto 98 l m gai t t t fc a r he ght Ame d n ,a panifmu td mo tae ta t alg d c nd c i t b e tv l,s f ce ty n me t litf s e nsr t h t he l e o u t s d j ciey u t inl e o i srous'Fame v.Brnna 511U. 8 834( 994) Cfaprs rhasno s frd s i o ei . r r ' e n, S. 25, 1 .t l ione t ufee erous r sg iia tp y ia o me tlij r a a rs l o te c aln e c n ii n h smpy h sn t in fc n h sc l r n a n u y s e ut f h h le g d o d to , e i l a o b e s b e td t c e a d u us a p n s me t wihn t me nng o t e ( g t l e n u j ce o nzl n n u l u ih n t i he a i f h Eih h Ame nt'Sti e v.W aes 989 F. 1375,1 ( h Ci.1 .tllhe i t mus ndme .' rcklr tr, 2d 381 4t r 993) t-l nmae t a lge f c st ts le a t ha ugges t tt de i ton c t ha he prvai ompl ne ofwase r m e a amount t mor ai d xte nd ed o e t n t ioutne dic f t t t i C r oft pe ly t t c i i ha he r i s om or' ha s pa t he nat ha rm nalofe s pa f r t i f nder y o her ofe e a ns s it ''Smih v.Thoma ,3:0-v- 72,2011 W L 4836233,a *3 ( D.Va. fns s gai t ocey.' t s 1 c 1 t E. Oc.1 2011 ( i Stiklr 989F. a 1380n.3 ,afd,471F. x 1 ( hCi. 2) t 2, ) quotng rc e , 2d t ) f' App' 65 4t r 201 ( unpubls ) Cn or t de nsrt s h a e rme de i ton,aprs rmus alge S ihed . û der o mo tae uc n xte l prvai ione t le a sro so sg iia tp y ia o e to lij r rs lig fo te c alng d c n iins' ei u r in fc n h sc l r moina n uy e utn rm h h l e o dto .' e ' De'ant v.Anq one,330 F. 63 634 (t Ci.2003)( i Stiklr 989F. a 1 ) lo a el 3d 0, 4h r quotng rc e , 2d t 381. é a c li i notaconsiutona vi ai 'Ma tnv. r nt 780F. 133 1 ( t Ci. i me alng s N tt i l olton. ri Sage , ' 2d 4, 338 8h r 1 .tDe e son a a ey ae unf t t c omians of i areaton't y do no, 985) s pr si nd nxit r orunae onc t t nc c r i , he t how e r t c l cons iut t S xt e e de i tons ...r quied t m ake outa c to - ve , ypi aly tt e he e r m prva i ' e r o ondii ns of c i ntcai 'l r Lonc Te Admi Se e ton ofI t ,17 F.d 464,472 ( h onfneme l m. n e ' nn n. crgai nmaes 4 3 4t Ci.1 (ii Huds v. c ila 503U. 1 8- ( 992 ) r 999) ctng on M M lin, S. , 9 1 ). Pl i ifsalegai do notmee t hi ba ne s a y t pl a a Ei h Ame e antf ' l tons t he gh r ce s z o e d n ght ndm nt cl i .The a l ga i t t Ofi e Loone s r a ed i hi e , wih no a l ga i of phys c am le ton ha t c r y cem n s ar t le ton i al ij y i is fiin t pla a Eihh Ame d n cam.T alg d ij r Plitf s frd nur , s n u fce t o e d n g t n me t li he le e n u y anif ufee f o t s a ot r i i nt 1 i t t i ca e hi he dac , de e s on, s e i es l s of r m hi nd he nc de s s ha t us d m a hes pr s i om tm os se p a a tt a sr s ECF No.1 a 6.The Fourh Cicui has ar dy rj ce t le nd ppeie, nd tes. t t r t lea ee td he s fiin y o te e s mp o f rpupo e o te ij r p o .Se I r Lo Tem Ad n. u fce c f h s y t ms o r s s f h nu y r ng e n e ng r mi Se eg ton of I a es 1 F. a 472. Furhe m or t nam e c li i M a tn, us ng a gr a i nm t , 74 3d t t r e, he a lng n ri i n obs e t i r f r i t a pr s r di notvi a e t Ei ht Am e c niy n e e r ng o i one , d ol t he g h ndm e 'us of a o ce t nt e , n bs niy s e sm or eg egi t tt ù m e'c li i t sc s Se M a tn,780F. a 1 em e r ous ha he t na ' a lng n hi a e. e ri 2d t 338. Si ia l t Cour dimis t r tofPl i ifsEiht Ame m lry, he t s s es he es antf g h ndme cai s Pl ntf nt l m . ai if c a m s t tprs of i a s c ton r e ptofs r i esand be t t on us oft ol na e onl l i ha i on fci l ondii ec i e vc ne i s e he d m y, bu Pl i ifhas a ted he i ne rr quie t us Ke s t a ce s s r c s t whih he i t antf dmit s ve e r d o e ye o c s e vi e o c s e il s eAl,91 F. a 90,e n t fna a s r iest ts m t behi prm a y c ntted, e i 2 2d t ve he i ncil e vc ha ee o s i r once n. r The m e a sr s and f u ta i n c us d by s i hi o1 na e on r ce pt a m on h- nd nt l tes r sr to a e ee ng s d m e i s nd t e a ount sat m e s i i uf i i l s r ous f pur e of t Ei ht A m e cc s t e nt s ns f c enty e i or pos s he g h ndm e . Li i , nt8 kew se e ni t eij n tv rle s ug ti Cli 3i n tmo td et Plitf rc ito a I c r ve f h nu cie eif o h n am s o o u o an ifs e ep f n D ad bea i t na e Ke t rng he m ysone,a e a alegai t tDe e nt a e bl ng acua ac es t bs nt n l ton ha f nda s r ocki t l c so s r i e ;Pli tf hasno c am unde t Ei h Amendme . e v c s a n if li r he ght nt I . V C O N CLU SI N O The Cour g ant t M oton t Dimi s i a1r s t ,tndi t t Pli tf has not t r s he i o s s n l e pec s i ng ha a n if s t inty pl d alega i t t sae a c am t r i . The e or t Cour GR ANTS ufk e l e l tons ha t t l i o elef r f e, he t Def nt 'M o i t D i m i si a 1r pe t An a opr a e or rs l i s t s da enda s ton o s s n 1 es c s. ppr i t de ha l s ue hi y. 1l i dfiutt ta eteij re Panifs frdt dit c a to sta p io o fcasto 'h rf r,h Co r ts ifc l o rc h nu is litf ufee o si t cin h t rs n fiil o k teeoe te u t n , c n ieste i te a ge t.I tt,Panifs ij re ae n ts fiinl sro t s p o ta Eihh o sd r h m n h g rgae n oo litf' nuis r o ufce t eius o u p r n g t y Am e e cli . ndm nt am SThoug i i notr l ntt t a yss t Cour s r t Pli ipsoptm im t t ta ii oft fnanca h ts eeva o he nal i, he t ha es he antf i s hat he r nston he i il s t c rnty s he ed f Novembe 1 201 wilr ol t is Gi n t tt ne s tm i c ld t ysem ure l c dul or r , 2 l es ve he sue. ve ha he w yse s ale he CO RI Fi nci Syse ,i pr s a y rti i onnai fom t CORI daabas wher Keysonei lse as S na al t m t e um bl ereves nf ton r he S t e, e t s it d Pl n if sprm a y name. ai tf i r ENTER: i / 1$ d yo Oco r2 2 Ths 4 a f tbe, 01 . Ho . a e C. k m s Tur Se orUnie St t D i t l tJ e ni t d a es sr udg
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