Howard v. Statzer et al, No. 7:2012cv00079 - Document 79 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 12/13/2012. (kab)

Download PDF
- FRK: OFFIE U, . sm r. lr C S Dl n l l AT ROANOKE, VA HI LMD I TH E UN I N TED STA TES DI STR I T CO U R T C FO R TH E W EST ER N DI STRI T O F V I G I I C R N A R O A N O K E DI SI N VI O R O BER T PH A R O A H H O W AR D , DEC 1# 2 1 22 4 J A C. UL: BY; DEP , ERK CL / , ' L ERK C ASE N O .7: 2CV 0007 1 9 Pl ntf , ai if M EM O M N DU M O PI O N NI VS. J STATZER, & , . c By: GlnE. nr d e Co a C hi fU ni e St e D i t i tJudge e t d at s s r c Dee fndants. t) Beo et ec u t r t ep ris moinsf rsl r u g n , litf smoins f r h o r ae h a t ' to o l e mma yj d me t panif to r ga di dic r de a t a ot rma tr ,a moto by s e r ng s ove y, f ul, nd he te s nd i ns omedef ndan swho a e e t r s e ng apr eci or ragans pl ntf sr que t f dic r t i t co ta es est r e ki ot tve de i t ai if e s s or s ove y mtl he ur ddr s hei he e or he our qua ii d i m uniy def e a a t es d i s 1 A fe c ef r e oft r c d, t c t lfe m t ens s hr hol s ue. t r ar ul evi w d n e Ho r smo inf rd fulj g n a ans Dee a t . tte s r n sHo r ' e is wad' to o ea t ud me t g i t fnd n J S az r g a t wa d s moton f volmt r dimi s lofCli 1;tndst tdef nt a e e il d t qualfe i or t a y s s a am s ha enda s r ntte o ii d i nt a t Cli 2, u n ta t Cli 3' imis sCli 4 wih u p eu ie d ne mmu iy s o am b t o s o am , s se am d t o t rj dc ' e is , de e n s'motonsf rpr t c i or r a s t as he e f dic r a t Cl m 3. f nda t i o o e tve de ' nd e s c dul or s ove y s o ai 2 , A . H ow ar s Cl m s d' ai Robe tPha oa Ho d,aVigi ai t pr e ng p oK ,fl t sci lrght a ton r z h war r ni nma e oce di r ied hi vi i s c i ptrua t 42U. C.j1 3,na ngt f l ngdefnda si istte:J. az r J me ls nt o S. 98 mi he olowi e nt n t il Stte , n s Ln be q D. c m r M Gowa VikiPhi ,S. n, c pps Loone E. uli , B. pps S. e ds y, M lns L. Phi , Fil , 1 Def endantV . Phipsh sfld amo i f rs p a ie ton o ummayj me to tegrun o q lfe r udg n n h o d f uaiid i niy a ont me isofHo r scl ms Theo h rde e a sCt s c iydee a t' , mmu t nd he rt wad' ai . t e fnd nt t e urt fnd n s' who he ) a er p e e t db spa aec ns lha eas fldamoto f s r e r s n e y e rt ou e, v lo ie in or ummayj dg n aguigt a t e ae r u me t r n h t h y r enttedt qualfed i uniy a t tHow a d' cl m gar wihoutm ert The s iy def il o ii mm t nd ha r s ai e t i. ecurt endant have s alo moved f pr e i or . s or ot ctve der Ot rpe i moto wilbea r s db s paaeor e t) he ndng ins l ddese y e r t d rs. , W hie s nhunt He C. Pa , ad, S. yne,a D.L.Ta e J . Li r ly c tue Howa d' c pli a nd t , r be al onsr d, r s om a nt nd a t hme salget f l ngcamsf rle unde j1983agans prs n ofkil a Re tac nt le he olowi li or eif r i t io t as t d O nl . * on. 1. On Ocobe 20, t r 2011ofi e sS.Loone a E.M uli s r hed fc r y nd lns ea c Howa d' c l a r po td fndi a 8-nc hom e a s nk, c Loone r s e l nd e re i ng n i h, m de hn whih y a M uli ha pr vi l plce t r ; nd lns d e ousy a d he e 2.On Oct r21 2011 Howa d fl d a e e ge y gre nc a obe , , r ie n m r nc iva e bout ha ng s r c s pa nsand Def nda sV.Phi ,St t r Ln be qand vi eve e he t i e nt pps aze , m r Mc Gowa deaye hi a es t m e c a s s m e orke t e ; n l d s cc s o dial s e s nt am nt 3.On Novembe 7,2011, l pas ofke sS. e ds W hie mt a r pil s t r Fil , s nht , nd He d a t ke Howa d wih t pilpas bo c usng pt t r wot i hi l f a tac d r t he l s x, a i mc u e mds n s e t f e r a c tnghi wrs, Sgt L. Phi s a d pe rs a on or n m nd uti s it and . B. pps pr ye ppe pr y Ho r wihoutm e ca a horzai whieTa e s r ied. wa d t di l ut i ton, l t upe v s 4. A fe pr s of i i s m ongf ly r m oved H o a d f o t Com m o t r i on f c al ul e w r r m he n Far Dit Quim Re dspr mie t cor c t mitke, fie t dos e e, z ynol o s d o re t he sa but ald o o. Asr i i t saci n, Howa d s e co pe aor a punii da a s. elef n hi to r e ks m ns t y nd tve m ge 3 B. H ow ard' M oton f D ef t s i or aul Ho r mo e f re tyofd fut u g n a an tDee d n J S az r( No 7 ) wa d v s o nr ea lj d me t g is fn a t . tte ECF . 4 . Howa d as e t t t ba ed ont r or t sdef nda hasf l t a a i t aci n wihi r s rs ha , s he ec d, hi e nt aied o ppe r n he to t n t tm ea l d f hi a he i lowe or s ppea a e. St t rwaved s r c o M ay25,201 a t n ha 60 r nc aze i e vie n 2, nd he d da fom M a 2,201 untlJ y 2,201 t fl atm ey r pons t Howa d' co pl nt ys ' r y 2 i ul 2 o ie i l es e o r s m ai . 3 I hi compl nt Ho r as s ug ti un t r l fdi ci t a hebeta fre n s ai , wa d lo o h n ci ei r t h t j ve e e ng rnserd. Becaus Howa d wastanser e fom Red Oni t W alensRi St t Pr s aferflng t s e r r f rd r on o l dge a e ion t ii hi c mpai , sde n f ij ncier ifa anst Re Oninotc r n me i t sa to i moo. o l nthi ma d ornu tv el g i the d o fies a d n hi cin s t e Se M ag ev. aes 8l F.d 45l( t Ci.1 ) Hi camsf rmon tr dn g s ho ve,s r ie e e W tr , 0 2 4h r 987 . s li o ea y ma e , we r u vv hi r l ain.Se M a i v v. nd ron 5 2 F.d 1( Ci.1 ) s eoc to e whnne He e s , 4 2 2d r 976 . 2 On J y 2,hec tg a ed ade e em oto f r30 a tona da t r s ul t our r nt f ns in o ddii l ys o e pond,a on Augus nd t 1 201 wihi t ttm em me,St t ra ot de e , 2, t n ha i f aze nd her f ndant fl ala we .Be us t r co d s ied r ns r ca e he e r t doe noti c t t Stt e i i de a t t c twilde Howar smoton f de a t hus s ndi a e hat a z r s n f ul, he our l ny d' i or f ul j d me ta meils . u g n s rte s C. Howar sM oton t Dim isCl m 1 d' i o s s ai Ho r move , ls n t Rul 41a( oft Fe rlRul ofCi lPr edme t wad s ptrua t o e ()2) he dea es vi oc ,o dimisli c am a i tDefnda sS.Loone a E. uli .Ast ei vi sa et s s ls l i gans e nt y nd M lns hes ndi dual r he o y de e nt i ntfed i Cli 1oft co pl nt t c t tue Ho r ss nl f nda s de ii n am he m ai ,he our consr s wa d' ubmison si a amo inf rv ln ayd s sa o Cli 1 fn a t ha en to j ce a t ec ur s to o ou tr imis l f am .Dee d n s v o b e td, nd h o t c n o fn ta te wil et u yprj d c db t rq e tdds o i o .Ac o dngy te n n t i d h t h y lb md l eu ie y he e u se ip st n c r i l,h i c t ilgr ntHow a d' m o i f vol ar di m i s lofCl i 1 Be us H o ar a l ges our w l a r s ton or unt y s s a a m . ca e w d le no o he c am sa i tLoone a M uli , he wilbet r i t a pa te t t a ton,a t r l i gans y nd lns t y l e m naed s ris o he c i nd Ho r smo inf rd f utud me t e adn t i cam ( No. 8 wil ed s s e a wad' to o ea lj g n r g r ig h s li ECF 5 ) l b imis d s m oot . D . Cl m 2: M e c N e ai di al eds 1. H ow ar sA le i ns d' l gat o Li r l c tue Howa d' f c u alegai c be aly onsr d, r s a t al l tons once i Cli 2 ofe t f l wi m ng am f r he olo ng s nc ofe nt .On Ocobe 21 2011 a 7: am .Howa d c eque e ve s t r , , t 00 . , r omplt a e e ge y eed n m r nc g iv n eC1 ', a kn No 0 21 ,oif r me ia saf h th wa s fei sv r re a c ERG' Trc ig . 3 21 t n o m d c l tf t a e s u frng e e e ) c tpai a br a hi to e, c het hes ns nd e t ng r ubl whih houghtmi be s ght ympt sofam id he r a tc om l a t ta k. he ec pt or ' r d o ( No.1 p. 12, 12 J.Stt ersgnedt r ei f an ERG fom Howar on Oct ber ECF , 2; - pp. -) a z i ocedtres equie t f o ie es o nm e' 21 2011 ( No.1 1, 2) Pr z r r s af t w rt a r ponse t an i at sERG , . ECF - p. and r tm li t hi wihi 8 hotr . W he De e et t o m t n ls n f ndan M c wa c m et Howa d' c l a 7: t Go n a o r s e l t 45 am.Ho r a k dM c wa t tk h m t me ia i u lt h smi h at ta k'a d . , wad s e Go n o a e i o dc lû e o i l e r atc ' n dl d M c o a s d t tH owa d m us be ali be a e he wasyeli . ( G w n ai ha r t rght c us lng ECFNo. . 4 31) N o o fom t me c uni c m et c k Ho d' pule, ood pr s e or ne r he di al t a o hec war s s bl es ur , t mpe atr a no onepe f m e a ec a di a . W he Ho d ha notr c ve a e r tle, nd ror d n hoc r ogr m n war d e ei d r pons t t ERG oram e c las esm e byt te ri he fl as condERG a 7: es e o he di a s s nt ha velng, ied e t 45 p. . Two ntr ese m i Howa d lt rt tni , ot hi a m ls xn ned r ae ha ght f md m mbultng i hi cel t hi a i n s l, ook s via sg ,a r e r d hi t s Dr M c i .The docore t l i ns nd ef re m o ee . Brde t xami Howa d o Oc obe 23, ned r n t r 2011a pr c i d ba a pii t t ot t' nd es rbe by s rn o û ec'Howa d' he r. pr r s a ts On Oc obe 26,2011 VikiPhi r c i d Ho d' Oc o r21 2011i o m a t r , c pps e e ve war s t be , nf r l c ompli ta a n boutt l c ofr pons t hi 7: mm .ERG.Phi r ponde t tt m e ca he a k es e o s 00 pps es d ha he di l d p rme th dn rc r o rc ii ERG 0 21 o Oco r21 2 1 ( No 1 1 p.1) e a t n a o e o d f e evng 3 21 n tbe , 01 . ECF . - , . St t e t d Ho dt the r me be edt ki Howa d' 7: a. .ERG t t medialt ta a z r ol wm' ha e m r a ng r s 00 m o he c mi nd gi ng i t amediala i sr t ,butdi no r m e rwho t tpe s wa . W hen Howa d vi t o c dm nita or d t e mbe ha r on s r tld ar ulrg i va a ie eg a re nce boutt l c ofr pons t ERG 03 21, hewa de nle t he a k es e o 21 t r n l d he gre nc E OUNDED'be a et ERG wa no r tm l d t Howa d wihi t pr s rbe iva e T ' c us he s t el e o r t n he e c i d tme fa i r me. Howar al gest tt de e nt kne he ha ahit y ofhe r toubl be or Oc obe d le ha he f nda s w d sor a tr e f e t r 2011 i udi t pro he r a t ks i 1 a 2005.Howm. c pli t tbe a eno , ncl ng wo i r a t tac , n 997 nd d om a ns ha c us 4 Thec r n e ta Ho r smoi frsmmayj gme tbe r smersmblnc t te ou t ots h t wad' ton o u r ud n as o ee a e o h f r c antdei d i Rul 1 ( )oft Fe r l e o Ci lPr e u e, t n o m ompli fne n e 0 a he de a Ruls f vi oc d r wih umbe e paa p r d r pa hs sa i s ct f csa ans s cfcd fnd n s Thi d ume ti n tsg du rp nat ofpej r ttng pe i a t g i t pe ii e e a t . s oc n s o ine nde e ly k ru y, buti t s rtoflber l consr ng a pr K ltga ' pl ngs Ercks v.Par ,551U . 89,94 n he pii i aly tui o ii nts eadi , i on dus S. . ( 00 ,tec ur ha rle on ia Ho r sce r tsae n ofhi alg dcai . 2 7) h o t s e id t s wad' laes ttme t s le e l ms Som e ofHowa ss rd' ubmi sonsalege t t doct pr rbed baby ms rn f Howa d t si l hat he or esc i pii or r wo daysbef e,r he t n t daysafer t Oct 2l,2011i de . or at r ha wo t , he ober nci nt 4 one r s nde wihi 8hotr t t 7: am . e po d t n ts o he 00 . ERG t t kehi vialsgnsorr n t s s no onewil oa s t i u e t, l e rû ve i know i ( ha amidhea t tac a 7: a. on'Ocobe 21, 1 f hel d l r at k t 00 m. ' t r 201 . 2. A pplcabl Law i e toualfe i ç iid mmuniypr tcsofke swhoc t oe t t r ommiconsiutonalvi ai butwho,i t tt i oltons n lghtofcla l e t bls d l w,c d r as na y bele t tt i a tonswe el ul' He y i e ry sa ihe a oul e o bl ive ha her ci r awf .' nr v. mll, 5 F.d 5 4, 31(t Ci. 01 )(ii S u irv. t, 3 U. 1 4, 6( 0 ) Pt el6 2 3 2 5 4h r 2 1 ctng a ce Kaz 5 3 S. 9 20 2 01, o e ze i pat yPe ro v. l ha , 5 U. 2 3( 0 9 Quaiidi ni as v m ld n r b a s n Cal n 5 5 S. 2 2 0 :. lfe mmu t lo a y pr e t ofk e swho ar s d f c ot c s t r e ue or onduc t tdoesnotvi a et pli tf sc tm tona t ha olt he a n if onsi i l rght . Sa e ,5 U. a 201 Thus t c tunde tke at se i uiy t addr s a i s ucir 33 S. t . , he our ra s wo-t p nq r o es quaiidi miydefns ()whehe t pl ntf salgai saeacam t tdee nt' lfe mmt t e e: a t r he ai if le tons tt li ha fnda s c n u t iltdac nsi i n l rsauo yrg t a i s ( wh t e t t ih wa ce ry o d c vo ae o t o a o tt tr ih ; nd f o,b) eh r ha rg t s lal mt e tbls d. Sa e ,533 U. at206. sa ihe ucir S. l t c tde e mi st tt f c sale dono s f he our t r ne ha he a t lged t how t tt ofi e ' c ha he tc rs onduc t v oae ac nsi to a rg t te t emo a t se tte t s mmayj g n o tego n o i ltd o t u in l ih ,h n h v n i nild o u r ud me t n h ' u d f t r qua ii i lfed mmuniy. I a 201 l s h c es dico r i no a opra e Si e tv.Gil y, t d. t . n uc as , s ve y s t ppr it . eg r le 5 0U. 2 , ( 9 1 . 0 S. 26 231 1 9 ) To pr t tt c ls ofm e c lte t nther ceve a ove ha he otr e di a r a me e i d mount d t a c tt to l e o onsiui na vi ai n,a i aem us s w t tpe s lt whos c r hewa c ol to n nm t t ho ha r onne o e ae s omm itd e bie te xhi t d ç i r t i fe e e't hi ts rousm e ca nee - Ese l v.Gnmbl 429 U. 97 1 l be ae ndif r nc ' o s te i del di l ds' tle ' e, S. , 04- 1 6( 9 6 . Plitf mus alg fcsd mo taigt t o j ciey, ee d n ' û cso 0 1 7 ) an if t le e a t e nsrtn ha, b e tv l d fn a ts t t r a o sin g r)s f e tyh r u, ta ted fn a tsc nd c c u e s ro ij r o miso s wee u t n l nmf l' h t h ee d n ' o u t a s d eius nu y r ki ' a a ton orde e i r to ofa e s i m ed c c ton. I a 1 A n o f c r a t w 11 ggr va i t ro ai n n xi tng i al ondii d. t 06. f i e c s 1: ç lbe a e i f e e e 'i he u w sofa di r ar a e es i rs t i a e he t or é i r t ndif r nc ' f kno de nd s eg ds n xc s ve i k o nm t alh s ft 'Fa me v.Br nna 511U. 825,837( 994 .Anofii ' i e i a toromiso aey. r r e n, ' S. 1 ) fcals ntntonal c sin t tme el de a a i ae' ac es t nec s a y me c lc r m a sa ea c tt to lc am , ha r y l ys n nm t s c s o e s r di a a e y tt onsiu i na l i butonl i pli if s y f a ntf howst tt de e ntsc ha he f nda ' onduc r s t i s t ntalhn m t t t e uled n ubsn i r o he p te t W e bv. miu lh 28 F. p' 1 9 1 6( t Ci. 0 8 (iigoh rc s s. ain . b Hn d la , 1 Ap x 5 , 6 4h r 2 0 ) ctn te a e ) 3. D i c s on s us i Ho r ha mo e f rs mmayj d me ta an tDee d nsS az r La e tV. wa d s v d o u r u g n g is fn a t tte, mb r, Php , n M c wa a t Cli 2.Th s d fnd nsh v mo e f rs mmayj d me t n ips a d Go n s o am e e ee a t a e v d o u r u g n o t g o ofq lfe i he r und uaii d mmuniy. Be us Howa d' f c ua al ga i a al r s bl t ca e r s a t l le tons nd l ea ona e i e e esfom t e a lga i do no s ppor atndi t ta oft de e nf r nc r hos le tons tu t i ng ha ny he f ndan s a ons t ' di c u e hi h r ted fn a t aee tte t sl r u g n o t g omdo q aiid a s d m a m,h ee d n s r n ild o l mmayj d me t n he r t f u l e f i t t bef eco plton ofdico r mm miy or m e i s ve y. Ho r sa l a i do nots wa d' leg tons uppor acai t ta nede e hi me c lc r . He t l m ha nyo ni d m di a a e a ist tntr e r s nde t hi Oc o r21 2011 c dm t ha ls s e po d o s t be , , ompl i sa tc s pa nwihi t ant bou he t i t n he da evaua e hi condii a r f r e hi t s eadocorwihi af w days Howa d' bei f y, l t d s ton, nd e e r d m o e t t n e . r s le t tt nm s s d havepe f m e a EKG o t ke o he t ssi no hi m or t n a ha he es houl ror d n r a n t r e t s t ng e ha dia ee ntwiht c ls ofte t ntwhih i notacina eunde j1 sgr me t he otre r ame , c s to bl r 983.Se W rM v. e iht Coln , 6 F.d 8 , 49( t Ci. 9 5 . lis 7 6 2 41 8 4h r 1 8 ) Ho r alo ha no c tt i lrg t r eve ar pons t hi ERG wili 8hom s wa d s d onsiutona iht o ec i es e o s tln . Thef tt ts e vi a e ERG pr e le by f ii t r s ac ha om one olt d oc dtr s a lng o e pond wihi t m a t d tm e t n he nda e i pe i i, m os,avi ai n ofsaer gultons wli h i nota c tt i lvi a i a i rod s at t olto tt e a i , lc s onsiutona olton nd s no a i eunde j 1 t ctonabl r 983. W elrv. p'ofSocilSe vc s 901F. 387,392( h Ci. le De t a r ie , 2d 4t r 1 9 ) Mo e v r Ho r o fr noa to iyo whihh c udb i acvl ci nf rd ma e 9 0 . r o e, wa d fes uh rt n c e o l rng i ia to o a g s 6 agans prs ofk il f vi a i ofgre nc pr edlr orf desr c i n ofa gre nc i t ion t a s or oltons iva e oc zes or tu to iva e f m. or Howar prmarl ar st tdef nda s alege c d i iy gue ha e nt ' l d onduc de a d hi ac es t m e ca t l ye s c s o di l a tnton. Thi a p l e f l t s t a co tt i lcl i be us H ow a d of e s no e de e te i s r m nt ais o t e nsim ona a m ca e r fr vi nc t tdefnda s a tonsha me hi . Ot rt n hi own belef , ha e nt ' c i r d m he ha s i s Howa d ale no f t on r lges ac s whih he c d e t bls t thes f r d ahea ta uck o a ot rs rousme c e ge y c oul sa ih ha ufe e r t r ny he e i di al mer nc on Oc o r21 2011 l i co mon knowldget tt c s pan and br a hi to eHowa d t be , . ts m e ha he he t i e t ng r ubl r a lgedl c le y ompl ne oft tmor ng a enotne es a y i cai ofahea ta tc a m a ai d ha ni r c s dl ndi tve r ta k nd y a s a a wih o he co tons s h asi ge ton. Howa d al gest twhe ntr es lo ppe r t t r ndii , uc ndi si r le ha n ls e ua e hi c to i t e ni ofOc o r21 2011 t y f t dno me c lne d f val t d s ondii n n he ve ng t be , , he om di a e or e e ge te t ta m e el r f re hi t s et doc or Howa d doe notalegeor m r ncy r a men nd r y e e r d m o e he t . r s l pr e a e de e t t a t r e m i ng hi on Oct r23, 1, he doc orm a a fndi es nt ny vi nc ha , fe xa ni m obe 201 t t de ny i ng t tHo r ha a t ly s f r d ahea ta tc ort thehad s f r a o he hn m fom t ha wa d d c ua l ufe e r ta k ha ufe ed ny t r r r he de a i pr di hi me c a tnton on Oc obe 21, 1.Howar a ist tt onl l y n ovi ng m dial te i t r 201 d dm t ha he y team e tt doc o al ge y pr de wa apr c i ton f baby a pii apr ve a i r t n he t r le dl ovi d s es rp i or s rn, e nt tve r gi n t tHowa d ha f l d ye r be or . Thus Ho r sf c uala lga i do not e me ha r d olowe a s f e , wa d' a t le tons s how t ta dea c us d by def nda s aci nsr ule i a s t ta ha m t hi a ha ny ly a e e nt ' to es t d n ny ubsnn i l r o m, s r quie t sa ea Ei h Am e e r d o t t n ght ndme cai i t sc e .W e 281F.App' a 1 67. nt l m n hi ont xt bb, x t 66A sH ow a d' a l ga i i Cl m 2 t f i t s a e a c tt t o lc a m a i ta of r s le tons n ai hus a l o t t ons iu i na l i ga ns ny t de e nt nn d, he ede e nt a ee il t qua ii i he f nda s me t s f nda s r ntted o lfed mmuniyund t frtf ce of t er he is a t t eS u irp o e me a tec u t l g a th i moin f rsl r j d me to ti h a ce r c d , nd h o r wi r n ter to s o l l mma y u g n n h s 7 S t g o 6 533 U . . a 206. Fort s mer a on,Ho r f l t d m onsr t t tar s bl r und. he n e s wa d ais o e ta e ha ea ona e j r rc u dfn i h sfvo o h sme ia cam, n a s c Ho r ' o moinf r u o o l i d n i a r n i dc l li a d s u h, wad s wn to o s mmayj g n mu tb d ne a t Cli 2 eAn es nv. b ryLo b l .4 7 u r ud me t s e e id s o am .Se d ro Lie t b v.nc, 7 U. 2 2, 2( 98 ) Fial b c u eHo r fist alg t t e e d n sPhp , tte , S. 4 25 1 6 . n l e a s wa d al o le e ha d f n a t ips Saz r y, Mc Gowa orLa r we epe s ly i l d i anyoft ot rc tt ina vi a i n, mbe t r r ona l nvo ve n he he onsiuto l oltons a lgedi t saci n, heco twildie tt ce k t tr na et m aspa tes le n hi to t ur l r c he lr o e mi t he ri . E. Cl m 3: Exc s ve For ai es i ce I i wele t bls d t tprs ofi a s %l c s r a wa on i lc i ofpan'on t s l sa ihe ha ion fcil ' hnne es a y nd nt nfiton i ' a i ae rs st t lvelofaco tt i lvi a i W hil v v.Al r ,475 U. 31 31 n nm t ie o he e nsiutona olton. te be s S. 2, 9 ( 986) a ogae onot rgrundsbyW iki v. ddy, 1 , br td he o l ns Ga U. S. ,1 S.Ct 11 ( 0) 30 . 75 201 . W h n a imaealg st a o t r usde e sv f r e t ec ur a k :()wh t e o t as e n n t l e h t f s e xc s ie o c ,h o t s s a eh r fkil, e ke s b e tv l , p le f retnag o fi ef r t man ano r so ed s il o maii u l u j ciey a pid o c û o d at fo to iti r e tr icpi r l o sy i h ne c a ds d sial f rtev r p r o eo c usnghn ' W hte , 7 U. a 3 0- , n ( n a itc ly o h ey u p s f a i nns ily 4 5 S. t 2 21 a d b) ' whe he t f ce a i d w a E rvi l' W iki ,1 S.Ct a 1 t r he or pple si nonti a . ' l ns 30 . t 779. The r e tf c or t el van a t s o c i ri t si lr ae:( )t ne df a i to off ce ( t r l ins pbewe nt onsde n hi nqtiy r 1 he e or pplcain or ,2) he eato hi t e he n e a dt ea u t ff r eta wa us d ( ) h e tn o t eij r , 4 tet ra ra o a y e d n h mo n o o c h t s e , 3 t e x e t f h n u y ( ) h h e t e s n bl pec ie b t r s o sbeofcasb s do tefcsk o t t e a ( )a ye frsma e rev d y he e p n il fiil a e n h a t n wn o h m, nd 5 n fo t d 6 Phi s a r ser nur e, s isan aY davi i s PP , egit ed s ubm t t n upportofhermoton f s mar i or um y j d me ti whc s esmmaie Ho r ' me ia rc r s ( No 2 , x. )Th rc r s u j n,n ih h u rz s wads dc le od . ECF . 5 E A. e e od i ca et N ur e Scot exam i Howa d i r pons t hi com pl ntofches pai a 7: p. .on ndl t hat s t ned r n es e o s ai t n t 00 m Oc obe 21 2011. She not t tHowa d w asnoti acut dites ,deni l sofcons ous s naus t r , ed ha r n e sr s ed os ci nes , ea, cough,vom ii s tng,and f r. Scot t Howar svialsr s a bas on t r uls di not tng, wea i eve t ook d' t i , nd ed he es t , d per or an EKG,butdi r f hi t s t physci On Oct 25,2011,t doct not t f m d e er m o ee he i an. ober he or ed hat H owar com pl ned t tf t pas week,afe a c lchange,he had e i d r r ches pai d ai ha or he t tr el xperence ecur ent t n, l tng f aboutam i e. Upon exa i ng How a d,t doct not no unus physcalsgnsor asi or nut m ni r he or ed ual i i ma i sain .Hen tdta Ho r c mpan do mi e iaki p i wi o t a o n ue .Th nf tto s e oe h t wad o lie f l yg s c an t u g s r a sa e d h doct pr crbed r tf ches pai a Ent rc coa ed as rn 81m ii am soncea da f 12 m ont . or es i es or t n nd e i t pil lgr y or hs On t sr d,t cour i s ifed t tnone oft def nda svi at How a d' consiutonalrght by hi ecor he t s ats i ha he e nt ol ed r s tt i i s del ng hi acces t m edi ca e f a s i medialnee on Oct ayi s so cal r or erous c d ober21,20l1.Neverhel s,t t es he c ur grn st emoto f rs mma yj me ta t Cli 2 o t g o nd o qu lfe i o t at h ins o u r udg n s o am n he r u f a iid mmuni t y. 8 t tmpe t s rt ofaf ceulr pons .L=a 321 i he prs ofiil malei l a o e r he eveiy or f es e d t . t n ion fcas i ousy nd W s ditcal us f r et c us hn m,c e a si ly e o c o a e r ont mpor r sa r ofde e y a waysar a y t nda ds c nc l e v oae . . eh ro n t irfc n ij r i e ie t' Hu o , 0 U. . t9( mp a i i ltd. . wh te r o szl ia t nu y s vd n . ds n 5 3 S a e h ss i ' a d d. d e) Li a l c t i Howa d' s iso co nlng t e t a is i Cl i 3, ber ly onsrung r s ubm s i ns nce i he ven s t s ue n am he pr s nt t f l ngf t a lga i . On Nove r7,2011 whe hewasonl tyi t g t e e s he olowi acual le tons mbe , n y r ng o e hi me c ton dm i pilpas ,Sgt L. Phi a Ofi e sFi l ,Hea a W hie mt s di a i ng l s . B. pps nd fc r eds d, nd s nht a tc hi w11 t pilpas box,a naisfom t box puncur d li l tf e r a c hi ta ked m 11 he l s nd l r he t e ls ef or a m nd ut s wrs. Howa d alo al ge t tSgt Pli ,kno ngHowa d hasashm a t n a i ser d it r s le s ha . lpps wi r t , he dm nit e pe rs a wihou mediala ho ia i Howa d al ge t tass pe v sng ofi e o t ppe pr y t t c ut rz ton. r le s ha u r ii fc r n he s e De e ntTae di notpr e tHowm' fom t us soff r eby hi s di t ofk e s c ne, f nda t d ot c d r he e oc s ubor nae t r . I a ton t s a son li wrs, n ddii o c r ls it Howa d al gedl s f e a ashm aa tc a coughe bl r le y ufer d n t ta k nd d ood a ar s toft i i nt s e ul he ncde . The c tc udest ton t f c ofhi s iso , our oncl ha he a e s ubm s i ns Howar ha a lged s t i t d s le ufk en f c st sae apos i eEi h Ame m e vi a i t s vve de e nt 'i tala s ri n of a t o tt sbl ght nd nt olton o ur i f nda s nii s e to qua iid i lfe mmuniy.Ta n i t lg mos f vo a et hi , t ke n he i ht t a r bl o m Howa d a lgest thewa no r le ha s t po iga ytr a wh nt eo tc r p r osl ijle hi am wi t ep lpa sb xa s ry d sn n i e t e h fi es u p ey nt d s r t h il s o nd p a e l r h hi wih ma ,whih agg a t hi a t m t ce c r vaed s shma.Unde s h cic l sa s t s ofk e sc d r uc r zm t nce , he e t r oul no ç ea o bl be i ve t tt i a tons w e e l u .' H e y,652 F. a 531 The ef r t t t s na y le ha he r c i r r awf l' nr 3d t . r o e, he c u t o ld st thes c rt d fn a t' to frsl r j g n mu t ede id o o r c ncu e ha t e u iy ee d ns moi n o l mma y ud me t s b ne n t gr md ofqua ii i lniy ast Cli 3. he ot lfed mm l t o am D e enda sha s it d e de e a f nt ve ubm te vi nc boutH ow a d' a to on N ove be 7, 1,a r s c i ns m r 201 nd ar t tt de s h cic s a es t i us off c a i thi r pr s nt a good f ih gue ha m r uc r um t nc , he r es or e ga ns m e e e ed at 9 e f t or sor or a di notvi a ehi co tt i lrght. Be or a e sng de e for t e t e der nd d olt s nsiutona i s f e ddr s i f ndant' s mo inf rsl r u g n o t emeiso Ho r se c siefr ecam, o v r t to o l mmayj d me t n h rt f wad' x e sv oc li h we e ,he c t l diec t m t r s ndt Ho r spr rdico r r quessr a e t Cli 3. To our wil r t he o e po o wa d' ope s ve y e t elt d o am t a e d tec u t l tk d fn n s mo inf rs mma yj d me tu d ra vie n , e y h t n ,h o r wiln e ee da t' to o u r u g n n e d s me t d n de e nt 'm oto f pr e tveor r a s tadic r s dul f nda s i ns or ot ci de , nd e s ove y che e. Def nda s afi visdipu i Howar sal gai ofe es i f cepr cl e nt ' fda t s tng d' le tons xc sve or e ude Ho r smo inf rs mma yj g n o Cli 3.Th c u t l d n h smoi n wad' to o u r ud me t n am e o r wil e y i to . F.C l m 4: Re i ousD i tI s s ai lgi e s ue Th c ur fn sta Cli 4mu tb ds se fo t sa to wi o t eu c . e o t id h t am s e imis d r m hi cin t u prj die h AlhoughHowadme i Qui Re dsi t G fi vi'whihs t outCli 4, t r ntons nn ynol n he t fda t' c es a am c eni Howad' rlgi di ,Howa ddi noti ntf Quim Reynol asadefnda i onc r ng r s ei ous et r d de iy l ds e nt n t et l o hsc mp an , srq ie u e Rue 1 () Ac o dngy, nt ed c e,h c u t i h ie f i o lit a e ur d nd r l 0a . c r i l o h o k tt e o r dd t notde i t Re dsasade e nta di no a tmpts r ie ofpr es on hi .Thus sgna e ynol f nda nd d t te e vc oc s m , Re dsi no apa t t t sc e.M or ove , ynol s t ry o hi as e r Howa d doesnotal a cl m t tt r lege ny ai ha he de e nt who a ec r nty pa tesi t c eha a pe s f nda s r ure l ri n he as d ny r onali ve nti Howa d' nvol me n r s r lgo d e p o lms Se 28U. C. 1 5 b ( )(uho iigs mma yd s sa wh r eiius it r b e . e S. j 91 A( )1 a t rzn u r imis l ee alegainsf lt saecai o whihr lefc nbegrnt . l to ai o tt l m n c ei a a ed) Thec u ta s u iil oieo t ef c ta Ho r hm r ie ane ryie tc l o r tke j dca n tc f h a t h t wad s as d al d n ia r l iusd e cam i aspaaej 1 8 c mp an , i di J l 2 2 Ho r v. e sn . t a. ei o it li n e rt 9 3 o lit fl n uy 01 , wad Pla a t e. 1, g e Cas No. 1 e 7:2CV00321.l t ne c e, n he w as Howads sQui Re ds Ofke C.Tilr a r ue nn ynol , t r le , nd Red Oni n Food Se v ce D ie orJ m e W a ove t i a l ge i ve e i t s pe i o ri r ct n s de r he r le d nvol m nt n he us ns on ofHowa d' Co mon Fa e Di ta ori f lngt c r c m it kest tl dt iss pe i r s m r e nd/ n aii o ore t sa ha e o t us nson. 10 Unde t s c r lm sa es t c t i i a opraet s r he e icl t nc ,he our fnds t ppr i t o umm a iy dim isCli 4 rl s s a m fo ti lws i wi o t rj dc .Th sd s o iinla e Ho r fe t pzs ehi rlgo s r m h s a ut t u p eu ie i ip sto e v s wad r e o l u s ei iu h r ditcai i li o he c vi a ton. e l m n ls t r i l c i G.Co l in nc us o Fort sae r a ons t co tgr nt Howar sm o i n f rvol ar dim is lofCli he t td e s , he ur a s d' to o unt y s s a am 1 g a t d fn a t' to f rsz r u g n o teg omdo q aiid i mi a t , r ns ee d ns moins o l mmayj d me t n h rt f u lfe mmt t s o y Cli 2 d nistes c rt d fn a t' to f rsl r j d me to t eg omdo am ; e e h e u i e e d n s moin o l y mmay u g n n h r t f q aiidi nt a t Cli 3; n d s se Cli 4wi o tp eudc t Ho z spls i u l e mmu iy s o am a d imiss am f t u rj ie o wad' t ut h r ofhi sm ia cai i hi o he pe ng cvi a ton.Ast t me isofCl m 3,hec t a s i lr l m n s t r ndi i l c i o he rt ai t our t kes t es c rt d fnd n s mo inf rsz r u g n t e a v s me ta dd nister h e u iy ee a t' to o lmma yj d me t md r d ie n n e e h i moinsf rp oe t eo d ra wela Ho r smo in frs mmayj dg n a dd ful to o r tci r e s l s wad' to s o u r u me t n ea t v j d me t Ana p o raeo d ra t t e ema tr wil su t sd y i whc t ec u t l u g n. p r p it r e s o h s te s l is e hi a ,n ih h o r wil alo a e sHowa d' motonsr ga di d s ve y a s ta dic r s he e. s ddr s r s i e r ng ico r nd e s ove y c dul TheClr i die t d t s nd c esoft sm e a lm opi on a a ompa ng e k s r c e o e opi hi mor nd l ni nd cc nyi or rt pl ntf . de o ai i f ENTER:Ths 1 d yo Dee e, 2012. i % a f cmb r Chi Unie Stt Diti tJ ef t d aes src udge 11

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.