-RSB Hicks v. Clarke, No. 7:2012cv00049 - Document 17 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 01/3/2013. (kab)

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CLERKS OFFI O :. DI COURT CE ST. AT F ANOKE, V X A FIHD L J 23 2 1 AN 23 J A C. ULI DUDLEX CL ERK IN TH E UN I ED STA TES D I T STR ICT C O U RT FO R TH E W EST ER N D ISTR ICT O F VIR G I IA N R O A N O K E D I ISIO N V W I A M C.H I K S, LLI C ::DP u( y EU . CA SE N O .7: 2C V 000 1 49 Petti i oner, M EM O R AN D UM O PI I N N O V. U A RO LO C LA R K E ,olR EcTo R, VIR G IM A DE PAR TM EN T O F co M Ecr o N s, rl By: Jam es C .T urk Seni U nied Stat D i t ctJudge or t es s ri Res pondent. W iln C.H i ks a V igi a i a e pr e di pr K,tld t speii f awltof li m c , r ni nm t oc e ng o ie hi tton or i . ha a c be s omus purua t 28U. C.j2254,c le ngt valdiyofhi c i me , s nt o S. halngi he i t s ontne nt pur ua t r voke s pe s nt o e d us nded s nt nce .1 U pon r i w oft r c d,t cou tgr nt t e e s he e or he r a s he ev e rs e ponde ' m oton t di m i st petton asuntm e y a pr dur ly def ule z nt s i o s s he ii i l nd oce a l a t d. I Hi ks w a c c e afe a be h ti li t Cic tCour ofPit yl ni Count ofs x c s onvi t d t r nc r a n he r ui t ts va a y i c sofpet lre t r ofe e, s ntt aj ount ty ac ny hid fns purua o udgme dae Ocober25,1 nt td t 999.Thej udge f und t tHi ks a a f i nd pe s ded a he i vi l Dan G a di t c h c ks wih o ha c nd r e r ua not r ndi dua , ul n, o as hec t i uf i i ntf ndsi t ba t c rt .On Augu t9,2007,t Co tr voke 1 ye r of ns fc e u n he nk o ove hem s he ur e d 8 as pr vi l s pe d s nt nc a i tHi ksand r - us nded 1 oft e ye s The Cour e ousy us nde e e e ga ns c e s pe 2 hos ar . t 1 Pettone orgi 1y fl hi ac i i t Unied St esDiti Cour f t Eas e n Di ri ii r i na 1 ied s ton n he t at srct t or he t r st ct ofVigi a.I wa ta f re heeb c us t c ur t ti os dt j me u rc le ei r ni t s rnser d r e a e he o tha mp e he udg nt nde halng s l t i t sdi ti . oca ed n hi srct 2 Becaus t e petton mus bedimi s on pr ii t s s ed ocedlr gr zal ounds t courtde espettone s eh ni ii r' , he moi f ra i me ofc ns l S eClmi l usieAc,1 U. C.j3 6 a ( )B)( uho ii ton o ppont nt ou e. e i na J tc t 8 S. 00 A()2 ( a t rzng a nme ofc uns ln j2 4 c s a c u tsdicei u n fndngt tEhei e e t of usies ppoit nt o e i 25 a e t o r' sr ton po i i ha û ntr ss j tc o t rq r'. e uie' ) delye e uton oft r ma ni sx yeasupon tr sa c ndii .Hi ksdi nota a a d xec i he e i ng i r e m nd o tons c d ppe l t Augus 2007 rulng. he t i On Fe bnmr 9,2009,Hi ks pl de guit i t Ci c tCo tofPit yl ni Co y t y c ea d ly n he r ui ur ts va a unt o f iur t a a l e o ppea a vi a i ofhi t nnsofr l s .3 The Cour s e d H i kst sx m ont r nd ol ton se e ea e t ent nce c o i hs f t f iur t a a ofens a s pe d a1 oft s ntnc ,buto de e Hikst s r or he a l e o ppe r f e nd us nde 1 hat e e e r r d c o e ve t sx- a s e on whih t Cou t d de a ed e c i on Augu t9,2007.Hiksdi he i ye r entnce c he r ha l y xe uton s c d nota alt Fe uay9,2009j ppe he br r udgme . nt H i ksf l d a s a e ha asc pus pe ii i t Cic tCour ofPit yl ni Count on c ie t t be or tton n he r ui t ts va a y Fe u y 2, 1 i whi h he ale d t f l ng v o br ar 201 , n c l ge he olowi undsf r le : or e i f ( a) Counslpr de i f tvea ssa ei fii t a s peii rof e ovi d nefeci sitnc n alng o dvie ttone hi rg t a s iht o ppea a i f ii t i tgae a c l l nd n alng o nvesi t nd halenget e denc he vi e fom peii rs 1 c c i ;a r ttone ' 999 onvitons nd ( b) TheCommo nweat de e peii duepr e si c ci wihhi lh nid ttoner oc s n onne ton t s Fe ua y 9,2009,r voca i he rng by wihhol ng e ul t y e de br r e ton a i t di xc pa or vi nce a boutt c e biiy ofa w ine sdurng pe ii r s 1 ti . he r di lt t s i ttone ' 999 ral The Co tde e r le a d s is dHiks pe ii n o M a 4,201l.Pityl ni Ci. . ur ni d e if nd im s e c ' tto n y ts va a r Ct No. CL1 0 0 60 TheCo r rj ce Cli ()o temeisa d ds s e Cli ()a bar d 1 0 05 - 0. u t ee td am a n h rt n imis d am b s re unde Vigi a' saut oflmiains Vigi aCodeAz j8. - A)2) Hiksdi not r r ni s tt e i tto . r ni m. 01654( ( . c d pr ry pe f c a a a t t Supr m eCour ofVigi aoft cr ui cour' ha s ope l re t n ppe l o he e t r ni he ic t ts bea j udgme t Hefldanoieofa ali t crui c tbuthefie t fl atmeypeii n . ie tc ppe n he ic t our, ald o ie i l tton f a or ppea i t Supr me Cour ofVigi a.Hiksfl d amoton f e e i oftme t a l n he e t r ni c ie i or xt nson i o ppea l i e l Augus 2011 On Augus 1 2011 t Suprm eCour de e t m oton unde Rul n ary t . t 6, ,he e t nid he i r e 5:7()1 oft Rul oft SuprmeCour ofVigi a whihrquie t tapeii f 1 a( ) he es he e t r ni, c e r s ha tton or 3 ThePr ton vi a i char wer bas d on t f tt H i ha i r a new crm i l oba i olton ges e e he ac hat cks d ncured i na c r efre z lme ti a t e j idcin.( No.1 pp. 2 ) ha g o mbe ze n n no h r urs ito ECF , 6, 3. a a fom ac r ui c t ulng mus be fld k mor t n t eemont a ren r oft ppe l r ic t our r i t ie k not e ha hr hs he ty he - J udgment' -' Hikssgne a daedt sj2254peii onNove r20, 1 algi asngl c i d nd t hi tton mbe 201 , le ng i e cl m : t i pr aton f t 2009 pr i r ai hat n epar i or he obaton evocaton hea ng,t pr i ri he osecuton w ihhel i t d e ul t y e de c e i t c e biiy ofDan Ga di awine swho t sii d agans xc paor vi nce onc m ng he r di lt ul n, t s e tte i t Hiksa t 1 til Reponde ha move t dimist j2254peiin a untmeyand c the 999 ra. s nt s d o s s he tto s i l pr e aly def ule a H i ksr s oc dur l a t d, nd c e ponde m a ng t m a t rrpe f di pos ton. d, ki he te i or s ii 11 Ha a peii fldunde j 2254a es j c t aoneyea pei oflmiain.28 be s ttons ie r r ub e t o - r rod i tto U. C.j2244( ( ) Ge rly,t spei be nst r fom t daeonwhiht j S. d)1. neal hi rod gi o un r he t c he udgme of nt c onvi to be om e tna whe t a l biiy ofdie tr vi w i e us ed. See 28 U . C . ci n c s i l n he vaia lt r c e e s xha t S. r j 2244( ( )A)4 Unde 28 U S. j2244()2) howe r t one ye rtlngpei i t ld d)1( . C. d ( , ve, he - a ii rod s ole . whie a i a e' ç opery tl d a i a i f St t pos - onvi ton orot rc l t r lr vi w' l n nm t s t pr l i e pplc ton or a e t c ci he ola e a e e ' i pe ng.Be a esat or tmelmisonsaepeii aet s ndi c us t ut y i i t tt ttons r t tongjt tlnp'an condii s o ii ' 4 Und rj2 4( )1 ,heo - a pei o lmia i f rflngaha a peiin t rj22 e 24 d ( ) t neye r rod f i tton o ii be s tto mde 54 begi t nm on t lt toff dat ns o he a es our es: ( t d t o whiht j gme tbe a fna byt c ncuso ofdie tr v e o A) he ae n c he ud n c me i l he o l in r c e iw r t e r i oft tm ef s ki s h r e ; he xpiaton he i or ee ng uc eviw ( t d t o whc t i di n t fln a a plc to ce tdbyStt a to i B) he a e n ih he mpe me t o iig n p iain rae ae cin n vi aton oft Consiuton orl oft Unied St t i r ol i he tt i aws he t aes s emove i t applcantwas d, f he i pr nt f om flng by s St t acton; eve ed r ii uch a e i ( t d t o whiht c nsiuto l ihta s re wa iiily rc nie byt C) he ae n c he o tt ina rg s etd s ntal e og z d he Supr Cour,i t rghthasbe newl r eme t f he i en y ecogni d by t Supr eCourtand made ze he em r r ctvel applcabl t caseson colat r r e or etoa i y i eo l e al evi w; ( t d t o whiht fcu lp e iaeoftecam o camsprs ne c l h v D) he a e n c he a ta r d c t h li r li e e td oud a e been dicover t ough t exer s ofdue dii s ed hr he cie lgence. 3 untmeypeii i notC opel fld'f pur e oft lngunde j2244( ( .Aruzv. i l tton s t ry ie 'or pos s oli pr r d)2) l Be t,531U. 4,11( nnet S. 2000) . Hiks j2254cai at kst vai t oft cr ui c tsFe uay9,20 j me , c ' l m tac he ldiy he ic t our' br r 09,udg nt fndi t the ha vi a ed t r s ofhi r l s a i pos ng a s x- arprs t r t tt i ng ha d ol t e m s e ea e nd m i i ye i on e m ha he j g d ly d e e u igi 2 0 . i 2 09j g wn b c mefn lo M ac 1 , 00 , e ud e ea e x c tn n 0 7Th s 0 ud n t e a ia n rh 1 2 9 wh n H i ksf ied t f l a notce ofa a wihi t a i a e 30- y tm e lm i. see Va. Sup. . c a l o ie i ppe l t n he pplc bl da i i t5 Ct R. 1 Hiks o - a flngpe i unde #2244( ( )A)ex rdon Ma c 11 201 Si e 5:4. c ' neye r ii rod r d)1( pie rh , 0. nc H i ksdi nottl hi s a e pe ii n untlaûe t tm e pe i e r d,ispe c d i e s t t tto i r he i rod xpie t ndenc di nott l y d ol t flngpei unde j2244( ( .Thus hi j2254peii i tmebar dunde he ii lod r d)2) , s tton s i re r j2244( ( )A) d)1( . Hiksa srst thi peii i tmeyunde j2244( ( )D) Hei mitke Hiks c s et ha s tton s i l r d)1( . s sa n. c a gue t thi one yea tlng pe i s d s a ton M ay 20,201 w he he fr tl a ned t r s ha s - r i i rod houl t r 0, n is e r he f t nec s a y f hi c a m c e ni D a G a d n' c e biiy. St ri t flng pe i on ac s e s r or s l i onc r ng n ul i s r di lt a tng he ii r od t tda e, i ks a l w e 258 dayst e a e bef r tlng hi s a e ha aspetton on Fe ua y 2, ha t H c lo d o l ps o e ii s t t be ii br r 2011.Thepe nc oft tpeiint ldt fdea tlngpe i unde j2244( 2)untlt nde y ha tto ole he e r lii rod r *4 i he cr ui c tde edr le onM a 4, 1.Att tpoi ,t t lngunde j2244( 2)e d, ic t our ni eif y 201 ha nt he oli r *( nde t f de a lm ia i pe i be n t r n a i a t tlng pe i as c l a e unde he e r l i t ton rod ga o u ga n, nd he i i rod, a cul t d r j2244( ( )D) e r d 1 da ltr onAugu t1 2011 d)1( , xpie 07 ys ae, s 9, . Be us Hi ksne rs it d a pr r y tl d s a e ha a a ca e c ve ubm te ope l i e t t be s ppea pe ii s e A ruz, l tton, e t 531U. a 11 hei note ildt a t lngunde j2244( 2)ba e o hi atmptdha s S. t , s ntte o ny oli r *( s d n s te e bea 5 Ther pondentass rt t tt Fe tar 9, 2 9j me a i tHiksbe a fna ont es e s ha he brz y 00 udg nt gans c c me i l he da i wa e tr d.Se to 22 ( ) 1, isf e pr vie t tasaec i na j gme be ome fn l y t s ne e ci n 44 d ( ) on t ac , o d s ha tt rmi lud nt c s ia when t tm e f se ng diec r vi expies. he i or eki r t e ew r 4 a a i t SuprmeCour ofVigi a. Hikstldhi j2254peii o Nove r20, ppe l n he e t r ni 6 c ie s tton n mbe 2011, t e ris,tte monhsatrhi f dea flngpe i unde j2244( ()D)e r d, athe alet1 ire t fe s e rl ii rod r d)1 ( xpie a t pe ii i untm e y tl d unde t s s e i H i ksal o doe nota l ge f c son w hi nd he tton s i l i e r hi ubs cton. c s s le a t ch hi j2254peii c dbede me tmeyunde j22 d)1( , e ont rmova ofa s tton oul e di l r 44( ()B) basd he e l n i di ntorj2244( ( )C) ba e onane rtoa tveSuprmeCour de ii mpe me , d)1( , s d w,er ci e t cson. The eor Hiks peii i uni l unde j2244( andi bardfom r viw oft m eis r f e, c ' tton s tmey r d) s re r e e he rt unl s he de ons r t s s e gr und f e t bl t lng. es m t a e om o or quia e oli Equia e t lng i a l bl onl i û hos r r i t nce w he e- due t c r um s a s t bl oli s vaia e y n t e a e ns a s t r o ic t nce e e na t t pa t s own co uc - i w oul be unc c ona e t e or e t lm ia i pe i xt r l o he ry' nd t t d ons i bl o nf c he i t ton r od a i tt pa t a gr sij tc woul r s t' Rous v.Le 339F. 238,246( h Ci. gans he ry nd ' nusie os d e ul. ' e e, 3d 4t r 2003 (nba )( ainmaksomitd) Thus t bee ildt e tbl t lng,a ot r s ) e nc quotto r te . ,o ntte o quia e oli n he wie tm e- r d pe ii rm us pr s nte e i lc r um s a st tpr ve e hi f o flng on i bar e ttone t e e xc ptona ic t nce ha e nt d m r m ii tm e a m us de onsr t t the ha be n dul dii nt Pa e v. i ugle m o,544 U . 408, i nd t m t a e ha s e y lge . c D G i l S. 41 a n.8( 05) 8, nd 20 . H i ks tr ta gue t thi lm ie ac e st l w lbr r m a e i l a t i tt i l c i s r s ha s i t d c s o a i a y t r a s nd he ns iutona a t y ha pe e hi a lt t tl tm e y ha a pr ee ngs G e r ly,a i a e' pr K tonw m r d s biiy o i e i l be s oc di . ne a l n nm t s o . sat a ino a eoft 1w a enots fce gr t us nd g r nc he a r ufiint oundst j tf e tbl t lng.Unied o usiy quia e oli t Stt v.Sos ,364F. 507,51 ( h Ci.2004) aes a 3d 2 4t r . 6 SC Es a ev. W as n, 1 - 24 , l c py 2 2W L 291 9,* - ( hCi. ul 1 , C calnt to No. 0 7 0 si o , 01 p 423 2 3 4t r J y 8 201 )(idi ta wh r peiin f rha a a pe lwa n pr pel fld i teSu e Cou tof 2 fn ng h t e e tto o be s p a s ot o ry ie n h pr me r Vigi a,pe ii notentte t t lng f perod whe tmel notceofappeala i opery fl r ni ttoner ild o oli or i n i y i nd mpr l ied h be sa a peiinweepe dig) Chrsinv. ke vle 232F.S p.2 6 607( D. ) a a ppe l tto r n n ; ita Bas r il, up d 05, E. Va., a a dimis d, F. x20 (t Ci. 01 (mp ihe (a , tngta ûus be a e(n ppe l s s e 47 App' 0 4 h r 20 ) l ubls d) s me noi h t j t c us a l a plc to (o ah be sa pe l i pe i d sn tme n t t(hea pe l wa pr pe l fld' . p iain fr a a p a) s ndng, oe o a ha t p aj s o ry ie ' ) A prs ' habeaspetton i deem e fl when hedelver i t prs ofi al f m aii ioners ii s d ied i s t o ion fci s or lng t t c r. S eRul 3( ) RulsGo m ig j2 4Ca e . o he ou t e e d , e ve n 25 s s H i ksal o a c s ppea st a gue a t li oc nce a a gr r o r c ua l e m s ound f e t bl t lng.8 To st t a or quia e oli ae cl i ofa ua i e e s tc e t e us pr ed aldef ul,a pe ii am ct l nnoc nc ufi i nt o xc e oc ur a t ttonerm us s t how ti i tt s mo elkeyt nott tnoras bl j orwoul ha c ce hi ' t undel ngci r i l han ha e ona e ur d ve onvitd m'of he ryi rme ij or ha rceve s cii r la ee de notpr e e a ti .Bouse v.Unie Stts fur s d e i d pe fc, eibl vi nce esntd t ral ly td ae , 523U. 61 6 (1 98 , tngSc upv.Deo,51 U. 298 327( 995) W hehe asmia S. 4, 23 9 ) cii hl l 3 S. , 1 . t r i lr e pton t t ha aslm ia i pe i e s si a i s c r nty pe ng bef r t Unie xce i o he be i t ton rod xit s n s ue ur e l ndi o e he td Stt SuprmeCour. Se Peki v. coui i 670F. 665( hCi.201 ,c r.grntd, aes e t e r ns M ggn, 3d 6t r 2) e t a e M c ggi v.Peki ,No.1 26( t29, 2) oui n r ns 2-1 Oc. 201 .Eve i as ngofacua i n f howi t l nnoce ec n nc a pr vi a e e i t t tmeba i j22444 howe r Hiksfist ma t nec s r o de n xc pton o he i rn *, ve , c al o ke he esay s i unde Sc u how ng r hl p. H i kscl i s a t i c a m c ual nnoc nc ba e on ne e de a e e sd w vi nce boutG a di t a l ged vi tm ul n, he le ci ofH i ks c i i lof e esa a ke Co m onw e t s wine s a H i ks 1 t i l Hi ks c ' r m na f ns nd y m alh' t s t c ' 999 r a . c as e t t ton M a 20,201 he l a ne f om a he i a e t ta ound t tm e ofH i ks s rs ha y 0, e r d r not r nm t ha r he i c ' ti l G a di ha be n a r t on c r ofdr g di ti i had a de pr e uton by r a , ul n d e r esed ha ges u s rbuton, voi d os c i w or ng a a i or a f 1 w enf r e e a nt ,a ha t s ii d a i ts ve ali vi l ki s n nf m nt or a o c m nt ge s nd d e tf e ga ns e r ndi dua s c c e ofdnz of e e . onvi t d g f ns s A tH i ks t i l Ga di t s ii d t ti t tr tt o wee of 1 c ' ra , ul n e tf e ha n he i s w ks 999, ca hed s e he s om c c f H i ks a a f i nd,Tr s a a hi hom e asa f vor a t rt pa rr pr s nt d t hi he ks or c nd r e i hi , t s a , fe he i e e e e o m t tade i hadale dybe nma t c rt c c a ha post ra e de o ove he he k mount.Tra Tr ns rpt(û . a .) s il a ci t Tr ns' Tr ' 8 A cl m ofact i ai ual nnoce bas on ne y dicover d evi nce i noti is fa consiutonal nce ed wl s e de s n t el tt i cam orag ou f rh be r le .Her r v. lns 5 U. 3 ,4 4 ( 99 ) li r nd o a as eif rea Coli , 06 S. 90 0 1 3 . 6 11 27,Se .1 1 , pt 6, 999. A fe G a d n de ie t c c i o hi ow n a ount hi ba t r ul i pos t d he he ks nt s cc , s nk rj cedt m fri ufi intfnds9 Tr Tr 1 ee t he o ns tce u . . ans 4. . Hi ks t or ofde e e a t i lwast the ne ri e d t de r ud G a di H i ks c ' he y f ns t r a ha ve nt nde o f a ul n. c ha de ie t hi s vi ac ounta che k f s ve alhundr d dola st the pl nne t d pos t d o s a ngs c c or e r e l r ha a d o ta f rt hi new c c ng a c r ns e o s he ki c ountt pur has ac r The Hi ksa Trs sa td usng o c e a . n, c nd ih t re i coc i a w e t G a di t ge ca h f dr gs out i busne shour . Hi ks t s ii d t t a ne nd nt o ul n o t s or u s de i s s c e tte ha Tr s s e G a di a de i si f t ca m oney a pr t tH i kspl nne t de i ih how d ul n post lp or he r s oof ha c a d o pos t s tc e f ndst cove t c c . Tr Tr ns 6 63. The c t d notfnd H i ks t s i ony ufi i nt u o r he he ks . a . 0our di i c ' e tm a t de i si t bece bl,r ldt tûglc )ce rywr et ec ksknowi t bout he post lp o rdi e ue ha tliks lal ot hos hec ng he m one w a noti t ba ' a f y s n he nk, nd ound hi gu ly ofl r ny. Tr Tr ns 91 93. ' m it a ce . a . Hi kshasnotde onsr t d t thi new e de e s i pe he G a di sc e biiy t t c m t a e ha s vi nc o m ac s ul n' r di lt ha no r s na e f c fnde w oul f nd H i ksgu ly on t l r ny c r s Ga di s w or a a ea o bl a t i r d i c it he a ce ha ge . ul n' k s n i o m a ha no e f c on t f t ofHi ks c e o on t i r d iy ofH i ks own t s i ony nf r nt s f e t he ac s c ' as r he nc e ult c ' e tm a utt de i s i M or ve ,Ga di s wor w ih l w e or m e a hi s ce sasa bo he pos t lp. eo r ul n' k t a nf ce nt nd s uc s Com m onw e lh' w ine st nds t bol t rhi ge r lc e biiy. Be a e Hi ks ne e de e at s t s e o s e s ne a r di lt c us c ' w vi nc doesnotm a a c or bl s ke ol a e howi ofa t li e unde Sc up,i c l ots r e asa ng c ua nnoc nce r hl t a m ev n e e int t ha aslmiai pei unde j2244( () c di y,t c t a st xc pto o he be i tton rod r d)1.Ac or ngl he our grnt he 9 The Pa i si aed t aut ntcbnnk r dss rtes tpul t hat he i ecor howed Hi acc cks' ountdi nothave d s fci f ufi ent undst covert chec he wr e t Gaul n.Tr. a 9,C't Exhi t1. o he ks ot o di Tr ns. ' lh bi moton t dim ishi petton a untm ey fl d.0 An a o it or rwi1is t sday. The i o s s s ii s i l ie 1 ppr pra e de 1 s ue hi Cl r i die t d t s nd c pi s oft sm em or ndum opi on a ac om pa ng or rt ek s rce o e o e hi a ni nd c nyi de o pettoner ii . E ER:T i) dyo Jnay2 1. NT hs) a faur,03 l rUnie St t sDiti t o t d a e src ge 1 Themoton t dim isHi cl m aspr 0 ocedur l bar e i alo wel t . W hen Hi aly r d s s l aken i o s s cks' ai cks r s hi c r cl m i hi sa ehabeaspetton,t cicui c tdir s d i a untm el undersa e aied s urent ai n s t t ii he r t our snise t s i y tt lw.Se Va Cod Ann.j80165 ( ( .Thi saesau eoflmiai i a a e uaea a e . e. . - 4 A)2) s tt ttt i ttons s n d q t nd i ndependentsa epr t t ocedur ba t pr udesf de alre e oft cl m on t m e is W ee v. al r hat eel e r viw he ai he rt . ks An l ne 1 6F. 2 2 ( t Ci.1 9) Hiksd a le hi cam a anbyf iigt p e e i geo , 7 3d 49, 73 4h r 99 . c efutd s li g i aln o r s nt t pr l t t Supr Cour ofV igi a i hi habe appeal W hil v v.Bai,802 F. 1487,1500 opery o he eme t r ni n s as . te r 2d - - ( hCi. 98 .Be a eHik fist de nsr t c us a p eu c o a t lnn e et e u ehi 4t r 1 6) c us c s al o mo tae a e nd rj die r cua i oc nc o xc s s pr ocedur def uls t cli ar bared fom f alr ew oft mert. SeeTeague v.Lane,489 al a t, he a ms e r r eder evi he is U. 28 29 ( 9 9) S. 8, 8 1 8 . 8

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