-RSB Harris v. Johnson et al, No. 7:2012cv00016 - Document 6 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 1/28/2012. (tvt)
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r = ms OFFI U S DI .CDURT d CE ST u. A R ndx v x. T o k A . FI LED I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A R OA N O K E D I ISIO N V J 32 2 1 AN 22 wJ ' . DUDLEM CLE'K k 7 4 ; TH O M A S H A RR IS, Pl ntf , ai if U CLE Ci lActi N o.7: cvvi on 12- 00016 M EM O R AND U M O PI I N N O G EN E M . H N SO N , al, JO et . D ef endants . By: H on.M i chaelF.U r bans ki Unied St es D i ri Judge t at st ct Thom a H a r s a V igi a i a e pr e ng pr K ,f l d a c vi r ght c pl i s r i , r ni nm t oc edi o ie i l i s om a nt p ru n t 4 U. C. 1 8 wihj rs ito v se i 2 U. C. 1 4 Pli tf n me a u s a t o 2 S. j 9 3 t u idcin etd n 8 S. j 3 3. anif a s s de e nt G e M .J f nda s ne ohns n, he f m e D ie t oft V igi a D e t e ofCor e tons o t or r r c or he r ni parm nt r ci (; $VDOC';S. 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Galag rt d pl ntf t thewoul putpl ntf i s gr ga i i pl ntf c i uedt fl l he ol ai if ha d ai if n e e ton f ai if ontn o ie g i va esa r e nc boutt s r h. Pl i i fdi r a de Lt Ga l ghe ' t e ta s nta ne he ea c a ntf s eg r d . la r s hr a nd e w co pl i a m a nt boutt s ar h a t t e tt VD O C Die t J he e c nd he hr a o r c or ohns who r f r e i t W a de on, eerd t o r n Pr t uet. Pr t t d pl i ift tno c us ve e de e e s e t s ue t ol a ntf ha oncl i vi nc xit d o uppor pl i if s a l ga i ns t a ntf ' le t o a boutt s a c a t ea . Pnl t a s s i t ts a fa s d C/ W a t r a Lt Galag r he e r h nd hr t e t l o a d ha t f dvi e O le s nd . l he a boutt V D OC ' r l ntpolci s a pr e e . Pl ntf w a s eq ty t a f r ed t a he S e eva i e nd oc dur s ai if s ubs uen l r ns e r o di f r ntV DO C f ciiy. fe e a lt A sa r ul oft e e nt , a ntf e re ese o i es t hes ve s pl i if xpe i nc m tonaldi tes a r ce ve m e al sr s nd e i s nt he t c e i a a id pr s i n me c tons ai ifr quess$30, i c alh ouns lng nd nt- e e so dia i .Pl ntf e t 000 n ompe aor ns t y dn a s m ge . 1. l Plitf fldamo int n n t j i t p io o fcasa d fnd ns Lt Galg e an if i e to o me d o on wo rs n fiil s ee a t: . la h r a C/ W a t r . Pl i ifs yshe f gott ls t s t o ofi i s a de e nt i hi nd O le s a ntf a or o it he e w fc al s f nda s n s c pl i t s c pton. om a n ' a i Fe r Rul ofCi lPr dur 1 a( )per t apa t t a ndispl di onc asa deal e vi oce e 5()1 mis ry o me t ea ng e m ater ofcour e w ihi 21 days ofservi t pl ng orGi t pl ng i one t w hi a t s t n ng he eadi ûf he eadi s o ch r pons ve pl ng i r r 21 daysaft s ce ofa r ponsve pl ng or 21days aft es i eadi s equied, er ervi es i eadi er s r ieo amoi nu d rRul 1 ( ) () o ( , ih v ri e rir' l ap ry s e st a n evc f to n e e 2 b , e, r t whc e e s ale. f a t e k o me d ) ' ispl ngsi a1 ot cases,i m ay onl do s w ih t cour' l t eadi n 1 her t y o t he ts eave ort opposng part s he i y' m ndm e tm us (a s r a c a m o def ns t ta os outoft condu t n t i s e t l i r e e ha r e he c, m iten consent1 The a e t . t a ac i orocc r nce s tout- o a t m p e t be s tout- i t o i nalpl di ' Fe R . r ns ton, ur e e r te t d o e n he r gi ea ng. d. ' Ci P. 5 c( )B) Ab e tb d fi u d ep eu iet t eo po i gpa t o f tlyo v. l ()1( . s n a at n u rj dc o h p sn ry, r u it f h, i a ndme ,lavet ame unde Rul 1 a s lbefeeygi n.Foma v. vi,371U. me nt e o nd r e 5() hal r l ve n Da s S. 1 , 8 ( 9 2 .Th c u t s as c n ie teç p cfcj i d rp o iin o Rue2 ()' 78 l 2 1 6 ) e o r mu t lo o sd r h t e ii o n e r v so s f l 0 a' s wh nap an ifflsamo int a n ta s e st j i a dto a d fn a t.His nv. e litf i e to o me d h t e k o on d iin l e e d n s n o Nor tFi S. ,l ,239F. 611 61 ( hCi.2001 . wes n. C. nc. 3d , 8 4t r ) Pl i ifs ts i s Rul 15 a 20 be us t p o e addii ldef nt ha a a ntf a i fe es nd ca e he r pos d tona enda s ve rghtt r le a s red aga ns t m Ca i i ou oft s m e t a ac i oc ur e ,ors resof i o ei f s e t i t he i rs ng t he a r ns ton, c r nce ei ta a tons oroc ur e e ' a t c ai ss e s m e i s i of l w o f tc m on t ' l r ns c i c r nc s ' nd he l m har o s ton a r ac om que o' a l oft deenda s Fe R. v.P. a( .Acc di y,hec tg a spl ntf smoi t he f nt. d. Ci 20()2) or ngl t our r nt ai if ton o a ndandj nsLt Galaghe a C/ W alesa defnda s me oi . l r nd O tr s e nt. B. The c t us di m i sa a ton orc a m f l d by a i a e i t c tde e m i s t t our m t s s ny c i l i ie n nm t f he our t r ne ha t a ton orcl i i f i ousorf l t s a e a c a m on w hi r le m a be gr nt d. Se 28 he c i a m s rvol ais o t t l i ch e i f y a e e U. C.jj 1 5( ( ,1 5 b) 1; U. C.j1 () S. 91 e)2) 91 A( () 42 S. 997ec.Thefrtsa r i l cai is tndad ncudes l ms bas d upon t n i s a y m e il s l ga t or ' C l i sofi rng m e ofa l ali e es e û ndi put bl a rte s e l he y, t a m 'c nf i e nt eg nt r t whi h cl a l do no e s , orc a m swhe e t ç a t lco e i a e c ea l bas l s .' c e ry es t xi t' l i ' r he û c ua nt ntons r l ry e e s' f Neiz v. ila ,490U. 31 3 ( 98 .Thes c sa r i t f la sa r f tke W lims S. 9, 27 1 9) e ond tndad s he mniir tndad or 1Thecom pl ntha notye be s vedont defndant. ai s t en er he e s 3 amoint ds s u d rFe rl l o CiiPr c d r 1 ( )6 , c e tn aplitf s to o imis n e dea Rue f vl o e u e 2 b ( ) a c pi g an if f c uala l ga i a t ue. A c pl i tne ds t s ta pl i sa e e oft c ai s i a t le tons s r om a n e ( hor nd a n t t m nt he l m how ng a t tt plade i e ildt r i 'a s fce Sfacua al tons...oriearg t ha he e r s ntte o elef nd ufiintd l t l legai l t as iht o r ifa vet s cultvelvel...'BelAt.Co p. Twombl 550U. 5 5 ( ) ele bo he pe ai e . ' l l r v. v, S. 44, 55 2007 (ntr lq ai maksomitd) pli ifsba i frr ifCequie moet nlbel a i ena uotton r te .A antf ss o ele i rs r ha a s nd r c us ons .., l The ef r a pl i ifm us da l ge f t s f c e t s a e a1 t e e en s oncl i . ' d. ' r o e, a ntf t û le ac s ufi i nt o t t l he l m t ofghe cli ' Bas v. lDupontd Ne s& Co.3 F. 761 765( hCi. t j am.' s E.. e mour , 24 3d , 4t r 2003) . De e ni w he he a c pl i ts a esa pl usbl c a m f r i i $ c e t s ii t nui ng t r om a n t t a i e l i or elef s t ont x - pec fc a t kt trquiest rviwi c todrw onisj ii e re ea c as ha e r he e e ng our t a t udcal xpeinc nd ommo sns ' n e e. ' As r tv.nba,556U. 6 hcof l l S. 62, ,1 S.Ct 1 1 ( 29 . 937, 950 2009) Thus ac tsre nga . , our ce ni c antunde Rul 1 b)6)c ni ntf pl di t taenote il t a asu i of ompli r e 2( ( a de iy ea ngs ha r ntted o n s mpton t t be us t y c itofnomor t nlbel a co usons J Alhought c ur nzh ca e he onss e ha a s nd ncl i . #. t he o t lbealyco t e pr K co ai s Hai sv.Ke ,404U. 51 520- ( 972)t c t i r l nsnzs o mpl nt, ne nwr S. 9, 21 1 ,he our do nota tast i a e s a es c he nm t ' dvoc t ,s s e de opi s a ut y a c tt i nalc a m s a e ua pont vel ng t t or nd onsiuto li t i a e f ied t c e r y r i e on t f c oft c pl i . Se Br ck v.Ca l 1 F. he nm t a l o l a l a s he a e he om a nt e o nol, 07 3d 241 243( hCi.1 ( tg,J,c uni ;Be udetv.CivofHa on,7 F. 1 4, , 4t r 997) Luti . onc ng) a t t mpt 75 2d 27 1 ( hCi.1 ) Sç as Gor v.Le ke 574F. 11 11 (t Ci.1 ) 278 4t r 985 . ç lo don e , 2d 47, 51 4h r 978 (e ognii t tadititc tsnote cedt a s t r eofadvoc t f apr . rc zng ha src our i xpe t o sume he ol ae or oK pl n if . aitf) Tosaeacam unde j1 apli ifmus ale iheviltonofarghtscuedby tt li r 983, antf t lge s oai t i e r t Cons iuton a l w soft U nied St t s, nd m us s he tt i nd a he t ae a t how t tt a l ge de i ton w a ha he le d prva i s co te byaperon a tngunde col ofsaelw. Wes v.At ns 487U. 42,48( 988. mmitd s ci r or tt a ' ' t ki , S. 1 ) 4 Pl ntf al st tt def nda si lc e c u la d unus lpunihm e i vi a i oft ai if lege ha he e nt nfit d r e n ua s nt n olton he Ei h A m e ght ndm e oft U nie St t sConsiu i nt he t d a e tt ton. To s e d on an Ei ht Am e e dc ue a unus lpuni hm e ' cl i ,a prs r ucc e g h ndm nt t r l nd ua s nt' a m i one mus pr t tade i tonofabasch nne dwasob e tveyds fcinty s rous' nda t ove ha prvai i uma e j ci l iufi e l ei 'a p io o fca s b e tv l a tdwi d l eaeidfee c .W is nv. ie, 01U. 2 4 rs n fiil u j ciey ce t ei rt n ifrn e lo Setr 5 h b S. 9 , 2 8 3 3( 9 ) Th o j ci ec mp n n o a EihhAme d n cam i c ne t a a d 9 , 0 1 91 . e be tv o o e t f n g t n me t li s o tx u l n r ponsvet t ontmpor ysa r ofd e y. Esel v.Ga e, U. 97,1 3( 976 . es i o t e ar tndads ec nc ' tle c ' mbl 429 S. 0 1 ) t a e r i di c f ti pa toft pe ly t tcrm i of e r pa f t i ofe es t us outne s om or s r Bec he na t ha i nal f nde s y or he r f ns a i ts i t onl t e de i tons de yi t m i m alc vii d m ea u e oflf ' ga ns oc e y, y hos prva i n ng he ni i lze sr ie s ne es ii a e s fci nty gr ve t f m t bas sofa Ei ht Am e e vi a i ' Huds c stes r uf i e l a o or he i n g h ndm nt ol ton. ' on v. c ila 503U. 1 9( 992)(nena q ai maksa ciainsomit .Dei rt M M lin, S. , 1 itr l uotton r nd tto ted) lbeae i fer nc r quie a sa e ac ort ha be n pe s naly a a e o f c s i c tng a s t nta ndif e e e r s t t t o ve e r o l w r f a t ndi a i ubsa i l r s ofs rousha m ,a t of i i m us ha a t ly r c z t e s e ofs h a r s ik ei r nd he f c al t ve c ua l e ogni ed he xi t nce uc i k. Fame v. e n,511U. 825,838( 994 . r r Brnna S. 1 ) Not ng i pl i ifsal gai il taesc ue a unus punihme . Pli if hi n antf le tons lusr t r l nd ual s nt antf me el a lge t tC/ W at r c r y le s ha O le s onduc e aviua s a c ofpl i ifsge t sand cot ng. td s l e rh antf' nial l hi Pl ntf do no de c i how t s a c vi a esl nt m por r s a r ofde nc ' or ai i f es t s rbe he e r h ol t k e co a y t nda ds ce y ' r ule i an sgnii a ha Se e. ,Cahounv.De la 31 F.d 936,939( hCi. es td n y i tc nt nu. e, g. l Tel, 9 3 7t r 2003)(ç- r i noquesi t tsrps ac ma beunpl s nthumiitnga e rasi sl e s -he ton ha ti e rhes y ea a , lai nd mbar sng t pr s r ,butno e r ps hol c di c f ta pr s re o i one s t ve y yc ogi al s om or i one ndur a ount t a es m so constt i iut onalvi aton. For exam pl a sti s ch ofa m al pr s ol i e, rp ear e i oneri f ontoff al n r em e of i e s i co fc r , f nduc e f ra l ii a e pe ogi alpur e, oul f i t r s t a l ve ofa t d o eg tm t nol c pos w d a l o i e o e l n Ei hAme ght ndme vi ai ') Plitf alo d nots w how adee ntwa pes ly nt olton. . anif s oes ho ' fnda s ronal a a e off t i c tng a s t nta r s ofha m t pl i if See Pa rs e r l Le v. w r ac s ndi a i ubs a i l ik r o a ntf . rih x e . e Clvea 37 F. 294,303( hCi.2004)($Tq evi nc mus s w t tt ofi i i e lnd, 2 3d 4t r $g he de e t ho ha he tcaln que tons j ci l r ognie t thi a tonsweeûna opraei lghtoft trs ''. si ub e tvey ec z d ha s ci r i ppr it n i ha ik.' ) Pl i iff ist es a i h s r i or la lt ag ns D ie t J a ntf a l o t bls upe v s y i biiy ai t r c or ohns W a de Pr t, on, r n ue t Asitn W ad n Hik n M ao M e d r Ca tLo g o K. k r Plitf d e n t ssa t r e c ma , j r a o , p . n , r Tuc e . an if o s o des rbe a s vi or s knowl dge ofC/ W a t r 'orLt Gala r s c ci uper s ' e O le s . l ghe ' onduc t tpos d a t ha e p r a i a dule s n bl rs o c n t uin lnu yt tepanif Slk nv. re , 3 ev sve n r a o a e ik f o si to a ij r o h litf. a a Po tr 7 7 r t F. 368( hCi.1 .Se Sha v.Stoud,1 F. 791, ( h Ci.1 (eq rng 2d 4t r 984) e w r 3 3d 799 4t r 994) r uii de i r t i f e e e t ort i a horz ton oft ale d ofe i pr c i est i pos lbe a e ndif r nc o ac t ut i a i he l ge f nsve a tc o m e s pevior la lt) Supevior la lt unde j1 ma notbeFediae onl ont u r s y ibiiy . r s y ibiiy r 983 y c td y he t or ofr ponde ts peir Se M o lv. p'ofSo Sevs,436U. 658 663n. ( 978 . he y es a u ro . e nel De t c. r . S. , 71 ) A cl i t tpr s n s a fdi notf l w VD O C polc esorpr e esalo d notsat a a m ha i o t f d olo ii oc dur s oes te consiutona cai Se Unie Sttsv.Ca ees 440U. 741 752- ( 978 .Rici v.Cnt tt i l l m. e td ae cr , S. , 55 1 ) c o , v. ofFarax,Va.907F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 90)( di t ti saelw g a smor if , 2d 459, 469 4t r 9 hol ng ha f tt a r nt e pr ce a r g st n t Cons iuto r r s a sa e' f l e t a deby t t1 w i no a o dur l i ht ha he tt i n equie , t t s aiur o bi ha a s t f rlduepr s is . edea oce s sue) Eve i Lt Galag rm ade c m m e st tm a c tt e ve ba a e orhar s m e , h n f . l he o nt ha y ons iut r l bus a s nt t e co m e sal do notr s t t l lofa Ei ht A m e m nt one i e o he eve n g h ndm e tvi a i See Coli v. n ol ton. lns Cundy,603F. 8 8 (1 hCi.1 , tdfvorbl t M oodyv.Gr ve,88 F. 865 2d 25, 27 0t r 979)cie a a v q, o 5 2d ( hCi.1 9)(abl ( 4t r 98 t e) unpubls d)(ttnga age rlr et tveba ab eofimaesby ihe sai s nea ul ha r l us n t guads wihoutmor doe notsaeaco tt inalcai ;M oni onv.Ma tn, F. r , t e, s tt nsiuto l ml s ri 755 supp. 68 , 8 ( D. C.1 9 )(a ) Th Co t uind e n ti r tc a ans a1 nnlinso 3 6 7 E. N. 9 0 sme . e nsi t o s o s o e t g i t 1it so n t o p one' pe ceofmi ' Pitlyv. a ih,927F. 3, ( s Ci.1 ) Veba haasme o s a nd. tse W rs ' 2d 7 1t r 991 . r l r s nt r i e t e st a i a e e n t a e e t ti ca esa i a e f rore otonala e y, dl hr at o n nm t , ve o n xt nt ha t us n nm t ea m i nxi t do notc tt ea i son ofa i n ii d lbe t i e es.SeeEmm onsv. c s uchln,874 onsiut n nva i ny de tfe i ry ntr t M la i F. 351 35 (t Ci.1 9)(ttngveba t e t c usngfa frpli ifslf nota 2d , 4 6h r 98 sai r l hras a i e r o antf ie n i rnge ntofac tt ina rg l M atnv. r nt780F. 1 1 ( t Ci.1 ) nfi me onsiuto l iht; ri Sace , 2d 334, 338 8h r 985 (alnga i t a obse na di notvi aec tt ina rghtl La rv.St l,698 c li n nmae n c ne me d olt onsiuto l i s; ma eee F. 1 6( hCi.1 Cthr t ao a enote 2d 28 5t r 983) - eas lne r f nough.A ( l cai onl a cueswh jj 983 l m y c r en t t e t ort e tni c he hras hrae ng onduc rs ti ac tt inalde i ton.l Ke sv.Civof t e ul n onsiuto prvai '; ye ' t Al n 5 F. ba v, 94 Supp.11 ( D. Y.1 4)(d-l us ofviea a i l 47 N. N. 98 C lhe e l nd busve angua gncudi gge i l ng r i e t t) nomatrhow a ren orrprhe i e, l tf m t ba i f aj1 3 acal pihes, te bho r t e e nsbl camo or he ss or 98 cai .) Thelw i ce rt tmeeûhrae nglngua a gesur of( pe lofi rdo 1 m '. ' a s la ha r t e tni a ge nd t es a1 na tce t no ,e n i t ue c tt e c tt i na vi a i .' Fihe v. oo on,373 F.Supp. t ve f r , onsiut onsiuto l ol tons' s r W ds 970,973 ( D. 1 . E. Va. 973) Plitf d e n talg a yph ia ij r t warn a a r o d ma e .S e4 anif o s o le e n ysc l nu y o ra t n wad f n g s e 2 U. C.j 1 97e( ( ohi tngaprs ne fom r o rngamoneaya r fral dme a S. 9 e) pr bii io r r ec ve i tr wad o lege ntl a de to a ij re wi u e tb ihn ac repo d n p ysc ln u y .Plitf sta se n moin lnu is t t sa ls ig o rs n i g h ia ij r ) an if rn fr ho fo teCCC mo t a yrq e t o ij n tv rle.S e eg,n uma v Oz n , 0 F.d rm h os n e u s f r nu cie eif e , ..I c a . mit 5 7 3 281 286- ( hCi. , 87 4t r 2007)(ttngaprs rsta frorr e s fom apa tc a prs moot sai ione ' rnse ela e r riulr ion s hi camsf rij n tv a dd caao yrl f t r s e t oh sic re aintee ; il ms s li o nu cie n e lrt r ei wi e p c t i n ac rto h r l W li e h a v.Grfi 95 F. 8 8 ( h Ci.1 )(rnse rndeedmoo aprs ne' camsf itn, 2 2d 20, 23 4t r 991 ta fr e r t io rs li or ij tvea deca aor rle , no cai frda ge l Ta orv. er,781F. 1 nunci nd lrt y eif but t l ms o ma s; vl Roa s 2d 047, 1 4 n 1(t Ci. 9 6 ta l Ac o dn l tec u t imis st c mplitwih u 0 8 . 4h r 1 8 ) sme . c r igy,h o r d s se he o an t o t prj c f fii t saeacli u nwhihr ifma beg a t eudie or alng o tt am po c ele y r ned. 11 1. F rt ef rg i r a o s tec u t rn s an ifsmoint a n ,on Lt o h o e ong e s n ,h o r g a t plitf to o me d j is . Galg ra dC/ W atr a d fn a t, n ds se tec mp an wih u p eu ief r l he n O l s s e e d ns a d imis s h o lit t o t rj dc o a e fii t saeacl m uponwhihr i ma begrne purua tt 28U. C.jl 5A( ( ) alng o tt ai c elef y a td, s n o S. 91 b)1. The Cl r i die t d t s c esoft s M e o a um Opi on a t a co pa ng e k s r c e o end opi hi m r nd ni nd he c m nyi Or rt pl i if de o a ntf . EN TER : Thi s da ofJ nua y,201 y a r 2. 4 / 'sm ' r -44 : Unie St t s Di t i tJ t d a e s rc udge -
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