Blount v. Phipps et al, No. 7:2011cv00594 - Document 33 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 03/06/2013. (kab)

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F*Š: OFFI U.. SX c CE S DI AT BOANOKE, A Y FJ. T Li ' EC MA2 2 s 2 1 23 f i JULI C. A BK FN THEUNI ED S DITRI TRI VI NI I THEWES TATESDI OF COURT OR TTERN S CT CT RGI A S ' tx, ERK .? JL .' , / o jy CEK sty LR r R O A NO K E DI I O N V SI D O N ELL J.BLO U N T,SR. , C A SE N O .7: C V 00594 11 Pl ntff ai i , V. M EM O R AN D U M O PI I N N O VI PHI c AL. CKI PPS, , By: G l n E.C onrad e C hi fU nied St e Di t i tJudge e t at s s r c Dee f ndant . s DonelJ Bl ,Sr,aVigi ai aepr e ng pr s ,fl d t saci a aci l l . ount . r ni nm t oc edi o e ie hi ton s vi rg t c mpan u de 4 U. C. 1 3, t u idcinv se t r2 U. C. 1 43 ih s o lit n r 2 S. j 98 wi rs ito e td mde 8 S. j 3 . hj Bl ounta lge t tt de e ntprs ofi a sha i ere e wih hi rghtt fe e r s of le s ha he f nda ion fcil ve nt f r d t s i o r e xe cie hi r i ousbe if ,i vi a i oft Fis Am e s elgi le s n olton he rt ndme a t Re i ousLand Us and nt nd he lgi e l tttonalze Pes Ac (G - PA', U. C.j2000c 1 #!s c. 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Cl m 2: R am ada M e c i Sc dul ai n di at on he e Bl mta s t t thi snc r M usi r lgi be if r quieli nott c lmea ot s ers ha s i e e lm e i ous le s e r lm o onsl ny f or(HA dm i daylg hotr f t mont ofRa ood I ng i ht ls or he h mada l Augus 201 prs ofk il n. n t 0, ion t a s a ove Bl mtt pari pa ei t Rn a n f ta Re Oni n. On Augus 11 201 t trt ppr d ot o tci t n he m da as t d o t , 0, he i s da ofRn a n, nur e c m et Bl untscela t r ulrpilpas tm e, li da i ht y m da a s n o o ' l t he eg a l s i dtrng ylg h u s t o frhm hi prs rp inme iainf rGato s p a e l tu Die s (GERD'. o r,o fe i s e cito dc to o sr e o h g a Rel x sa e G t ' ) Bl mtfld a i t compl ntf m ,a ki t ha t m e cai n s dul c ng t nonot ie n nma e ai or s ng o ve he di to che e ha ed o da i thotr ;he as s Ntr ePhi d ylgh ls lo ent ls pps ocume a i i c tngt tM usi belef pr bi nt ton ndi ai ha lm i s ohi t c lmpton ofa hi by mout dmi t daylg hot sofRn a onsl i nyt ng h ng he i ht l r m dan. Bl mti caest t ot ndi t ha f s ve a ye r be or 201 Re Oni ofi a sha at r d t pilpa ss hedul t pr de or e r l a s f e 0, d on fcil d le e he l s c e o ovi Rn mada pa tcpa swih t i m e cai nsdurngno f si hour . n rii nt t her di to i n-a tng s Phi rs pps eponde t Bl mtsc ant sai t'eMusi g pli Ser c of d o ot ' ompli , ttng:ûf -h lm cha an) vies Vigi a a s t De rme ofCore tonst tdurng Rn a n tme t tt e r ni dvied he pa t nt r c i ha i m da i ha hos pa tcpai woul no br a t i f tbyt ki t rm e c ton wih a s aln o ofwae . rii tng d t e k her as a ng hei di a i t m l m unt tr Theef e basdont si or to notmec ng i pilpa swasnec s ay. ( No.1 r or, e hi nf main i ha e n l s e s r ' ECF ' , 3 See OP 802.lVl)l( )( nsAfi Enc . ( No. 2- ) ( l() 1 Owe fd. lB) ECF 2 3. Ex. B) W h nBlu t u s e ag iv n eo teis e AW 0 Ro e t u h l P p ' 4 . e o n p ru d re a c n h s u , wlte p ed hips r eSPOnS e. Fo t e ieRama 201 f s,Bl mtal ge y vi a e li r i ousbelef e r r he ntr dan 0 a t ol le dl olt d ls elgi i s ve y da by t ng hi pr c i d GERD me c ton dmi da i ho s M usi Cha an y aki s es rbe di a i ng ylght ur . lm pl i Se vce ofVigi al trsaedt tnoneofisperol ha t d a ri s r ni ae t t ha t s mel d ol nyonet tt ki me c ton ha a ng di a i dtrng Rn a n f tng hour di notbr k t f s. Durng Ra a n 2011a 201 Re li m da msi s d ea he a t i m da nd 2, d Oni of i l c on fc a s hange t pilpa ss hedul s t nur e d srbut d media i n t Ra d he l s c e o hat s s iti e c to o mada n pa tcpa sbe or sl ieora trs et ri i nt f e lnrs fe uns . 11 A . SU M M AR Y JUD G M ENT STA ND A RD Ana r o sl r j g n i a p o it wh nth pe dn s teds o e ya d wa d f l mmay ud me t s p rprae e l e la ig ,h ic v r n t dicos em ae il on fl a a a fda t s sl m tra s ie, nd ny fi vis how t tt r i no genui is a t a ha he e s ne s ue s o ny maeil a ta dta t mo a ti e tte t j g n a amatro lm ' Fe R. v P. tra fc n h the v n s n i d o ud me t s te f a ' d. Ci . l 56() Forapa t se de et rieage neis ofmaeilfc s t e t a d c. ry' vi nc o as nui sue tra a t ufkint o voi sz r j dg n ,t t ç u hta ar a o a l j r c u dr tr avedc f rten n l mmay u me ti mus be l c h t e s n be u y o l eun r it o h o s mo igp ry' An es nv Lie t Lo b lc, 7 U.. 4 , 4 ( 9 6 .I mn igt s vn a t. d ro . b ry b y.n .4 7 S 2 2 2 8 1 8 ) n kn hi ' dee m i ton,thec ti r quie t vi w t f c sa dr w r as bl i e e si a lght tr na i G t our s e r d o e he a t nd a e ona e nf r nce n i mo t a o a et t en n vn p ry. h w v. to d,1 F.d7 , 9 ( t Ci. 9 4 . s fv rbl o h o mo ig a t ' a Sr u 3 3 91 7 8 4h r 1 9 ) 'S B. D AM A G ES U N DER R LU I PA De e d n sa ee tte t s mmayj d me ta t Bl u tscamsu d rRLUI Th s fn a t r n i d o u r u g n s o o n ' li n e l PA. i s a ut doe nota horze a prvat c us ofa ton f m o y dn a s a ns s a e pr s tt e s ut i i e a e c i or ne m ge gai t t t i on pe s r onne f aci nst ke i t i ofi i ori vi lc pacte ,be us t sa u edoesnot l or to a n n her tcal ndi dua a iis ca e he t t t wai t s a e' s r i i m lniy t de t El ve h A m e m e . Sos a on v.Te , ve he t t s ove e gn m l t m r he e nt nd nt sm xas 4 U. ,1 S Ct 1 1 1 6 ( rl 0, 01 )(fiilc p ct ) M a io v. r i i, 7 S. 31 . . 65 , 6 0 Ap i2 2 1 o fca a a iy ; d s n Vig na 4 4 F.d 1 8 1 3(t Ci. 06 (n ) Re d l nv. u e 5 9F.d 1 2,1 9(t Ci. 00 ) 3 1 , 3 4h r 20 ) s me; n ema Ro s , 6 3 8 8 4h r 2 9 (ndi dua c pa t .Bec us Bl ts e onl mo tr da gesi t sa ton,dee i vi l a ciy) a e oun e ks y nea y ma n hi ci fndant s a ei met li c am st rRIUI .4 r mmt o ts l i mde , PA El ve h Ame e nt ndme i t t doesnotba Bl ' Fis Ame nt mm miy r ounts r t ndme cai sf nt l m or da sunde j1 3a ns t dee t i t ri vi lc pacte ,howe r Lo l e mage r 98 gai t he fndans n hei ndi dua a iis ve . veac v Le , 7 F.d 1 4, 93 9 (t Ci. 0 6 .Th c u t e a aeya d e s ste ecams . e 4 2 3 7 1 - 4 4 h r 2 0 ) e o r s p rt l d r se h s li . C. FI RST AM ENDM ENT FREE EXERCISE TheFis Ame m e pr t t a i ae' rg t t fe exe cieofsnc r l hel rt nd nt o ecs n nm t s i ht o he ' e r s r i e ey d, rlgo sb l f.U.. n t a n . ; u v. t 4 5U. 31 , 2 ( 9 7 .I i wel ei iu ei s S Co s. me d 1 Cr z Beo, 0 S. 9 3 2 1 7 ) t s l e e t bls d,howe r t tû i pl bec us prs i a e r t i c ran consiutonalrght sa ihe ve , ha l m y a e ion nm t s e an e ti s tt i i s d e no me nta t e erg t aeno s b e tt r srcinsa l tto . Bel W ofs , o s t a h t h s ihs r t u j c o e tito nd i ains' lv. lih mi ' 4 U.. 2 , 4 ( 9 9 . Ev n ap io p lc ta s bsa tal b r n a imae sa l yt 41 S 5 0 5 5 1 7 ) e rs n oiy h t u tnil u de s n n t' bit o y i pr tc hi r lgi bei f ne rhel swihsn aFis Ame m e c lngewhen i i ac ie s ei ous le s ve t es t t nds r t nd nt hale ts r tona l r a e t f r he a ofa l gii a e gove n e a orpe li e es . O ' ne v. Esa e a i ly el t d o u t r nce e tm t r m nt l na nt r t Lo tt o S a z , 2U.. 4 , 4 ( 9 7 ; r e v S fe 48 U. 7 , 9 91( 9 7 . f h ba z 48 S 3 2 3 9 1 8 ) Tu n r . aly, 2 S. 8 8 - 1 8 ) Tosaeaj1 3cli t tprs ofi asviltdhi Fis Ame tt 98 am ha ion fcil oae s rt ndme rg t fee nt iht o r e r s ofr lgi Bl mtmus pr t thehe da snc r r lgi be if asoppos d t a xe cie e i on, ot t ove ha l i e e ei ous le , e o s ulrpr f r nc ,a t tt ofi ila ton orr gul ton s tntaly bur e d hi e r ieof ec a e e e e nd ha he fca c i e ai ubsm i l d ne s xe c s 4 TheRendel and Sos amon decii addr s onl cl m sf damagesagai ta sa eor man s sons es ed y ai or ns t t saeo fcil und rt S n n Clus a so RLUI Se 42U. C.j200 c-( ( ) Bl n f is tt fi a s e he pe dig a e xi f PA. e S. 0c 1b)1 . ou t al t alege any f ss o l act ugges i t hi cl m sagai tt def tng hat s ai ns he endant c d qualf asac i s oul iy tonabl cl m s e ai und rt Co r eClus s ci ofRLUV A.Se 4 U. C. 20 c - ( ( .l a ye n , s r e e he mmec a e e ton e 2 S. j 00 c 1b)2) n n ve t a u v y oft cas a esa ihesno basson whi aprs rcoul advance avi e caus ofacton undert he elw t bls i ch i one d abl e i he Com mer Cl eel ce aus ementofRLUI . Ther f e,t courti convi PA e or he s nced t tdef ha endant ar entted t s e il o i uniy ast t cl mss a e by Bl underRLU I . mm t o he ai t t d ount PA t a beif He n e v Co ', 0U. 6 0 6 9( 9 9 .Th S p e Co r d fn sa h t le. ma d z . mm r49 S. 8 , 9 1 8 ) e u rme u t eie ts tnta bm de ' onet tG l)s bsa ilpr sleona adhee t modiyhi tubsa il n'as ha t s u tnta estr put n rnt o f s be vi a t vi a ehi bele s'Thoma v. viw Bd.Ofl Em pl e Sec Di ,450 ha or nd o olt s if , ' s Re e nd. oym nt . v. U. 7 7 71 ( 9 1 , ro et a fr e ap ro t ç h o eb t e f lo ngt ep e e t o S. 0 , 8 1 8 ) o n h t o c s e s n o ç o s ewe n olwi h r c p s f c ( s rlgi a f fii ( r menalbe ft,o t oneha a a ndoni oneoft hi) ei on nd oretng gove n tl neis n he nd, nd ba ng he p e e t o ( ijrlgo . . nt oh rh n . S r e t Ve r 3 4U. 3 8 40 ( 9 3 . rc ps f hs ei in . o he t e a d' heb r v. me , 7 S. 9 , 4 1 6 ) ' Bl m us a s pr t tt de e nt knowi y vi a e hi c tt i lrgh s ount t lo ove ha he f nda s ngl olt d s onsiutona i t ; i dvere o ne i nti e f r nc w ih a i a e' r i ouspr tc doe no r s t na t nt r glge nt r e e e t n nm t s elgi ac i e s t i e o c tt i lpr tons SeeLove a e,472 F. a 1 Sha d v.W i t n,885 F.Supp. onsiutona opori . lc 3d t 94; hee nso 8 , 6 ( D. .1 9 ) 61 8 8 E. Va 9 5 . Thefna hur eBl mtmus ove c i l dl ot t r omei t pr t tt ofk i laci n wasno s o ove ha he t a to t r to ly r l t d t a l tm a e gove n e t li e e t5 The c t us c i f l f c o s a i na l e a e o ny egii t r m n a nt r s . our m t onsder otr a t r : ()whehe aû i rtonalc a t r i d,ai val onnecin'e ssbewee t c le d rguai a a to ' xit t n he halnge e lton nd lgtmaea dn ur l o e n n a o j ci e ( )wh t ratr aieme n o e ecsn te e ii t n e ta g v r me tl b e tv ;b ehe len tv a s f x r iig h a sre c nsi to a rg trman o nt panif ()wh t e a c mmo ai gt ea sre se td o tt in l ih e i pe o litf; c eh r c o d tn h se td u rg t l h v a a v rei c o saf imae , n mio rs u c s a d( )wh te t ee ih wil a e n d e s mpa t n tf,n ts a d s n e o re ; n d eh r h r e s a i o ,e y at r tve 't t c l d r gulton orac i whih m a s xit ny t obvi us as lenai s' o he halenge e a i ton, c y ugge t s ta i i E o ra o a e b ti (n ta la e a g rtdrs n et p io c n en . Tu e, h t t s t t e s n bl, u s ise d n x g eae epo s o rs n o c r s' m r n ' 482 U . a 89S. t 92. 5 tTq eb de i no o tes et p ov tevaiiyoft c le ge prs nr g ain b t t h ur n s t n h ot o r e h ldt he haln d io e ulto u E i ta i o t eimaet dip o ia W ila v. o tn, 3F. 21 21 3dCi. 003 ( ii nse d s n h n t o s r ve t' lims M ro 34 3d 2, 7 ' r 2 ) ctng Ov ro v. z et , 9U. 1 ,l ( 00 ) e tn Bn z ta 53 S. 26 32 2 3). 6 D.QUALI ED I M UNI FI M TY G lfedi miypr e t ofkeswhoc ç ii mmt t otcs t r oua ommi co tt i lvi ai butwho,i t nsi ona oltons m n lgh ofc e ry e t bls d l w, oul r as bl be ivet tt i aci we e lwfz.'He v i t l a l sa ihe a c d e ona y le ha her tons r a t ' nr l v. mel6 2F.d 5 4, 31(t Ci. 01 )(iig S u irv. t, 3 U. 1 4, 6( 01, Pu l, 5 3 2 5 4 h r 2 1 ctn a ce Kaz 5 3 S. 9 20 20 ) ove ze i par byPe ronv. la 555U. 223( m ld n t a s Calhan, S. 2009:.Quaiidi miyi ve a lfe mmt t nvol s t -tpi q iy:( ) eh rt panifo fr G pe i n n o cu o yfcu l le ai n ' wo se n ur a wh t e he litf fe s t ct o c n ls r a t a alg to s' s k, s i acli t tde e nt'c otng a m ha f nda s onduc vi atd ac tt i na orsa ut y rg , Cr wl dt ol e onsiuto l tt or i ht a br El v. it 523U. 57 598(998 (mpha i a Brton, S. 4, 1 ) e ss dded) a i s ( whehe t trg was ; nd f o, b) t r ha iht c e ry e t bls d. Sa e ,533 U. a 206. l a l sa ihe ucir S. t Unde t trtf ce oft Sa i ra l i, hec ti r whe he t c r he i s a t he uc e na yss t our nquies t r he ompli a ant nd atc me t alg t no hf cst saea(o siuin l cam t rle t t splu il o is ta h n s l e G ug a t o tt c n ttto a) li o eif ha i a sb e n t e e fc . Giraa v. o n o , 21F.d29 , 0 (t Ci. 0 8 (n e lq oain o te ) a e' artno J h s n 5 3 8 3 2 4 h r 2 0 ) itma u tto s mitd . ' The c tmus c tuet f c ta as e tonsi t lghtm os f vor bl t t pl i if but our t onsr he a tzl s ri n he i t a a e o he antf , t edno ac e a t et ra tdi ee s unra o bl c usons o agu t.'Lû ne t c pt s nz mwar ne nfrnce , e s na e oncl i , r r mens' d a (n e lq tto so te ) Un e tes c n p o go teq aiidi nt a ay i,ç l itma uoain mitd . d r h e o d r n f h u lfe mmu iy n lss çif l t lw di notputt ofke on notc t thi c he a d he f r ie ha s onduc woul becea l unlwf l sl a y t d l ry a u , lmm r j d me t a e o q lfe i mi i a p o rae' S u ir 5 3U. a 2 2.Qu lte u g n b s d n uaiid mmt t s p r p it. a ce, 3 S. t 0 y ' ai d i i muniypr t c sgove n tofi a sfom la lt f ç d gues esi g a a e 'a m t oe t r men fcil r ibiiy or é ba s n r y r as' nd e tr t tt y a ela eonl Ef la p e sng brghtlnes' M a a i lo v.Sumne ,9 nsles ha he r i bl y Gor ns s i i i . ' cire l r 73 F. 295,298(t Ci.199 .t-het a ul s mus bea rntwhe asese fom t 2d 4h r 2) t- mlwf ne s t ppae l n s s d ' he r p rp cieofa o j ci l ra o a l o fca c a g dwi k o e eo e tbih dlm ' es e tv n be tvey e s n be fiil h r e t n wldg f sa ls e a ' h Lope v.Robi on,91 F. 486, ( hCi.1 . z ns 4 2d 489 4t r 990) 7 E. D I USSI N SC O Cl i 1: R elgi Bools am i ous t Bl t ' al tons t ke i t lghtm os f vor bl t hi f i t sae aFis o mts lega i , a n n he i t a a e o m, a l o tt rt Amendme cai asr r d t rt fr tf c toft Sa e qualfe i mt t a yss nt l m equie mde he is a e he ucir ii d m miy nal i. 533U . a 202. Spe tcal Bl tdoesnotf ec s f t on wli h he c d pr t t S. t cii ly, oun or a t acs lc oul ove ha Owe a Cot si e i nal plc as t nta bur n on Bl mtsfe e r ierg s6 ns nd mt nt nto ly a ed ubsa i l de ot ' r e xe c s i ht . Fis , pos e sngm or booksi hi celt n prs polc a l d,Bl r t by s s i e n s l ha ion i y lowe ountli s f lm el ca edt de i ton ofhi r i ousbooks fBl had a ded byprs r gul i , s us he prva i s elgi .l ount bi ion e atons hi Bi ea Qlra woul no ha bee rmo di t frtplc Thus Bl ' owndirgad bl nd z'n d t ve n e ve n he is a e. , ounts se r f prs polc r t rt n a i e i lac by t de e nt,c eae t st ton ofwhih or ion iy, ahe ha ny nt ntona t he f nda s r td he iuai c he now c pl ns om ai . Se nd,Owe 'wrtenr s est Bl mtsi resa co ns it e pons o ot ' nquii boutt co i c t d voll e do he nfs a e lm s nots uppor afndi t tOwe i en i l om il d t ebooksfom t we kl book t i ng ha ns nt tonaly te hes r he e y e ha pr s be we n Jme 1 and J y 1 201 xc nge oce s t e t 6 ul 2, 0.Bot tm e Bl h i s ounta ke a s d boutr t r of eun t books on J 1 a J y 1 201 Owe asur d hi t e ha c d be a r nged. he , une 6 nd ul 2, 0, ns s e m he xc nge oul ra Owe 'a r nty ne i ntf itr t f l t ough o hi saed i en i t a l t ns ppa e l glge alle o olow hr n s t t nt ton o low he e ha ea le i nota s t intba i f ac tt i lca m ofi e i li e f e wih xc nge ri r s ufk e s s or onsiutona li nt ntona ntrer nce t Bl ' r i i uspr tc Lo l e, F. a 1 4. ounts elg o aci e. veac 472 3d t 9 Thid,a trm e tngwih Bl ton J y 1 201 ofi r i de e nt 'poston r fe e i t oun ul 4, 0, fce s n f nda s ii r as bl c d ha beleve t tc i d de i ton oft bookswa nots t nta l e ona y oul ve i d ha ontnue prvai he s ubsa ily bur ni Bl ' r lgi e cs des t li c am st t co r r Tha day,Owe a de ng ounts e i ous xer ie, pie ls l i o he nta y. t ns nd D e lt d Bl untt t a or ng t t i i t m r t ton oft pr t polc Bl ln ' pe ng e ol o ha , cc di o he r n e e a i he opery i y, o l t s ndi 6 Bl chalengesonl t applcaton oft book exchangepolc i t si t , s ng ount l y he i i he iy n hi nsance eeki mo ea d ma e frh alg d o et voaino hs ihs Hed e n t h l n etep l yi ef n ty a g s o te l e , n -i ilt f irg t. o s o c al g h oi t l e me o e c s o se lj ncierle. r e k nu tv eif 8 gre nc wast onl r bl k kee ng li f om i m e a el r ti vi hi r lgi books i va e he y oad oc pi zm r m di t y e r e ng s e i ous . I se do wih rwigt g iva c ( c mplita o tOwe s d lyi rtlnn h sb o ) n ta f t d a n he re n e a o an b u n ' ea n el ig i o ks, r Bl mtc et ptr uet gre nc a i tOwe ,r t rt t ki wha e ra ton wo d ot hos o ls he iva e gans ns ahe hm1 a ng t ve ci ul e ur t ther c ve hi r i o booksa s a pos i e Att spoi ,i wasBl ts ns e ha e ei d s elgi us s oon s sbl . hi nt t oun ' c c ousdec son, nd no a i e i la tby t ofk e st i e f r wih Bl unt sbele s ons i ii a t ny nt ntona c he t r o nt r e e t o ' i f , t tpr ongedt de i ton ofhi r lgi books7 ha ol he prva i s e i ous . Fort er as ns t c ti s tsi t tBl mtsa lga i f i t s aeaplusbl hes e o ,he our s a ifed ha ot ' le tons a l o tt a i e c am t tOwe a Cot s a a tme, ntntona l pl eda s t n i lbtr n on Bl ' l i ha ns nd mt , t ny i i e i ly ac ubsa ta zde ounts e c s ofhi r i o belef .Lo l e 472 F. a 19 xer ie s elgi us i s veac , 3d t 4.Be a eBl t f l t saea c us ount hus ais o t t Fis Am e e c am r ga di t si de , hedef nda sa ee il d t sl a y rt ndm nt l i e r ng hi nci nt t e nt r ntte o lmm r j d me t S u ir 5 3U. a 2 6. u g n . a ce , 3 S. t 0 Cl m 2: R am ada M e c i Sc dul ai n di at on he e The pari sagr e t tM us i r lgi a hortesha now cl r fe t tM us i te e ha lm e i ous ut ii ve a ii d ha lm i aes wih snc r r lgi belef r rng t m t f s durng Rn a nm t , t i e e ei ous i s equii he o a t i m dan,a s be ivet t lo le ha tki m e c ton by mout wih a nmot ofwa e durng f tnghotr i e f r wih t a ng di a i h t ny mt t r i asi ls ntr e es t he 1 M Or ove , Bl e r ounts esno f t s ut ac s howi t t de endantom cer i entonaly m iappled ng hat he f s nt i l s i t polcy f any r on.Thei neglgentm iunde t ng oft nat e ofhi gre he i or eas r i s rsandi he ur s ivance oroft polcy he i is fi nots t intt sat any Fis Am endmentcl m . Lovelce,472 F. a 1 t el s ufk e o t e rt ai a 3d t 94. 9 f si rt .8 I i clarfom t r c d t tofk i sc nge t pilpas s dul a Red a tng iual t s e r he e or ha t al ha d he l s che e t Oni t ac om m oda e t sM us i be i fdurng Rmna n 2011a Ra a n 201 W het r on o c t hi lm le i da nd m da 2. he ornott sa commoda i i r uie by t Fis Am e hi c ton s eq r d he rt ndme orRIUI r i an i r nt , PA ema ns nquiy f a he da i s eot rc s Theonl is t c ta e s he ei whehe Bl or not r y n om he a e. y s ue he our ddr s es r s t r ount c n r c rm one a y dn a a ns De e nt Phi a Ro e tf ravi ai n ofhi Fis a e ove t r m ges gai t f nda s pps nd wlt o olto s rt Am e e rg s The a we i no. ndm nt i ht . ns r s Afe t htulr viw oft r c d,t c t tr houg f e e he e or he our fndst tde e nt ar en ild t ha f nda s e tte o sl r u g n o Cli 2o t g o ndo q aiidi nt .Blu tsalg to sfi l mma yj d me t n am n he ru f u lfe mmu iy o n ' l ain al e unde t frtf e ofSauce .J. Eve tke astu hi fcua ase tonsdonotsaea r he is ac t ir -. n a n r e, s a t l sri I, J tt plusbl cli t tde e n si ento ly pl ce as t nta btr n onhi r lgi pr c ie, a i e am ha f nda t nt i nal a d ubsn i l lde s ei ous a tc s eLo l e 472 F. a 1 o t tt m e c ton s hed et y i e e ed vi aedt e veac , 3d t 94, r ha he dia i c ul he mplm nt ol t he 8 One ofde endant 'ar f s gument i t Bl hasno a i bl cl m undert Fis s s hat ount ctona e ai he r t Amendm e ,becaus hi pas aci s he i notsncer i hi bele sconcer ngt Ra adan f t nt e s t tons how s i e n s if ni he m as . Thi ar s gumentr t ,i lr par,on t r ol i oft pr vi l uisfl i t scour. See es s n a ge t he es uton wo e ous aws t ied n hi t AbdulM a een v.Phi ,Cas N o.7: 1 - t pps e 1 CV00051and Carerv.Gar t man,Cas No.7: 1cv00477. The e 1 pl ntf si t e cas wer Red Oni i a eswho s Phi and ot rVDOC ofk i s cl m i ai if n hes es e on nm t ued pps he f al, ai ng t pl ntf s'cons iutonalrght t fee e cie oft rr i ousbelef w e e vi at by t l of hat ai if tt i i s o r xer s hei elgi i s r ol ed he ack pilpas accom modaton durng Rnmada 201 l t frtoft e c es AbdulM at v.Phi Case l s i i n 0. n he is hes as , - een pps, No. lCV0 ,h c urde idDee da Phi 'motont dimisa dc nd ce aj n herngi 7:1 005lte o t ne fn nt pps i o s s n o u td oit ai n t cas and Care v.Ga m a Cas N o.7: 1 hat e tr r n, e 1 cv00477. Ther t ,t pari s ted bot cases As eafer he tes etl h . par oft s tem e agr t he etl nt eement Red Oni ofk i shosed a 30- y Ram a f taccom modaton hel , on t al t da dan as i d prort and i addii t t r a l s hedul Ra adan f 201 The pur e oft sexka i o, n ton o, he egulry c ed m or 2. pos hi Ramadan f twast alow any of ende who beleved t tt uki ofmedi nedurng daylghthour as o l f r i ha he ng ci i i s had br oken hi 201 f tt f fl hi r i ousoblgaton t obs e a 30- y unbr s 0 as o ulil s elgi i i o erv da oken f t as . Bl di notpari pa e i t e r Ramadan f ti 201 Def ount d tci t n he xta as n 2. endant as er t hi f l e t s s t hat s aiur o do s demonsr eshi lck ofr i oussnc iy wih r r t t sM usi pr i See,e. ,M cEl o tat s a elgi i ert t ega d o hi lm actce. g. vea v. b t, 33F.d 1 ,1 ( t Ci.1 )(ti a r praef rp iona t rte t d n as e ilde Ba bit8 2 96 98 9h r 987 l s pp o it o rs uho iis o e y p ca it i a ima ei no snc r i hi r iiusbeif .) Bl n r s ndst t i a g n by sai t ti f n n t s t i ee n s elgo les' . ou t e po o h s r ume t ttng ha n ' hi per onalr i ousbelef ,he f l st t chi ofcerai M uslm cl i who s ae t tRamada s s elgi i s olow he ea ng tn i ercs t t ha n may onl be celbr t durng t perod desr at annualy f t srt .Taki t e alegatonsas y e a ed i he i i ed l or hi iual ng hes l i tu ,a r q r do s mma yj gme t t c r c nn fndt tBlun ' f iu et p ii t i t r e s e uie n u r ud n ,he ou t a ot i ha o ts alr o m cpae n he exta Ramadan s vi i 2012 i concl i e de t he had no si e r i ousbelefr di t r er ce n s usve vi nce hat ncer elgi i egar ng he pr i ofRnmadan duri t trt i 201 See,e. ,Re ew Bd.ofI ana Em pl actce ng ha iual n 0. g. vi ndi oymentServ.Di , v. 45 U. 7 ,71 ( 981 (i i t tf d r lc rsaeno t sta a btr ofr lgo o t do . 0 S. 07 6 1 ) fndng ha e e a ou t r t o i s r ie s eiius rho xy) 10 Fis Am e e t rt balnceoff c or outi d i O' rt ndm nt mde he a a t s lne n Lonea Tur r48 U . a 3 nd ne . 2 S. t 49; 4 2U. a 8 - (e d susin, u r , tI( ) 8 S. t 9 91 s e ic so s p a a 1C). Bl ountdoe no sa ef c so whi h ar as na e f cfnde c d c udet tPhi or s t tt a t n c e o bl a ti r oul oncl ha pps Rowltehad a i pe nta t iy t rVDOC polc t de e m i a opra e et ny nde nde u hort mde iy o t r ne ppr it a omm odai n ofi t 'r lgi pr c ies Bl mtss isons a wel asVDOC polc e cc to nma es e i ous a tc . ot ' ubm s i , s l ii s dmi sr tve fcal, ahe 1% a lbl onlneaspublcr cor 9i di a et tVDOC a nita i ofi i s r t rt1 vaia e i i e d, n c t ha e pl esa pa tc a prs f ciii ,s e outi onna i f om r lgi e m oye t r i ul r i on a ltes e k nf ton r e i ous xpers a t bout va i r i o pr ctces de e mi r as bl a omm odai VDOC f iii a e o i t d rous elgi us a i , t r ne e ona e cc tons acltes r blga e t m a , and i or prs saf ho t pr e 1 Ba ed on t i o ma i Phi had o ke nf m ion t f w o oce d.0 s he nf r ton pps r c ved fom aVDOC admi sr tvesa f rwho ha r ea c d M usi r lgi pr c i s e ei r nitai t fe d es r he lm e i ous a tce , Php sa dRo et b l ve ta tepi pa ss h d l a j t n t a Re Ono h dma ei ip n wlte ei d h t h l s c e u e dusme t h t d in a d n e l t pa tf Rn a n i a e wasnotnec s a y a tra lt ac omm oda eM usi i t s he s or m da nm t s e s r fe l o c t lm nma e ' 9 I r ol ng whe herpl ntf alegatonssat a prma f e cl m , t Cour i notpr uded n es vi t ai ifs l i t e i aci ai he ts ecl i isconsder ton oft Compl ntfom t ki notceofie si t publc r d. Phii v. t nt i ai he ai r a ng i t m n he i ecor lps Pit Cou t M e Ho p.57 F. 1 6,1 0( t Ci. 09 , l v. r ni,3 F.d421 42 (t Ck. n y m. s , 2 3d 7 8 4h r 20 ) Hal Vigi a 85 3 . , 4 4h 2 4)( o i t a i wa pr pe d igRul l ( )6 r viw t c nsd rû blcya aia l Ettsis o 00 n tng h t t s o r urn e 2 b ( ) e e o o ie E il v lbe saitc j n pu t eo fca r dititngwe ieo t eVigni Di so o Le sai Se vc .)( tigciai ) h fiil e srci bst f h r i a viin f giltve r ies' omitn ttons. ' 1 See, eg, 8 . 11 ( e i ng t aih Reviw Comm it 'ast Epanelofr es a i 0 e tee' he ç epr ent tve ..OP 4l3(1) d fni T t ( VDOCIs fwhos r ei a a s r a d d csonma n c pa iyr g r i r lgou a c mmod to of e v n n dvio y n e ii kig a ct e a dng eii s c o a in a ir ltst a i cso s c i a dpe olgia i e et o t e ( s t eae o, nd mpa t n e urt n n o c lntr ss f h VDOQ ' . y ' ) 11 a i e l i ha pps w e t, pr c i e.1 Thus Bl m tf l t s a e apl usbl c a m t tPhi orR o l te by m a n a ni a tc 1 , ot ais o t t i t i ng Re Oni snor pilpas s he edurng Ra a n 201 i co pla w11 t sVDOC d on' mal l s c dul i m da 0 n m i nce t1 hi ndm nt iht .z a , polc dieci ,knowi y vi a e Bl ' Fis Ame e rg sl Lovelce 472 F. a i y r tve ngl olt d ounts r t 3d t 194. Even i Bl f ountc d s t tde e nt ors oul how ha f nda s ome o he VDOC ofki de de no t t r f al ci d t o r quiec ngi t pilpa shotr i 201 knowi t tt spolc pl ce as t nta btr n e r ha ng he l s ls n 0, ng ha hi iy a d ubsa il lde on i aes r lgi usrg s Bl hasnotal ge e de et pr a c tt i lvi a i nm t ' e i o i ht , ount le d vi nc o ove onsiutona olton t rt baanc off t r r uie t rt Tum e a l i .482 U. at8 91.I i s lmde he l e ac o s eq r d mde he r nayss S. 9t s ef e dentt tRed Oni s201 Rnma n m e cai polc wasr tonaly r a e t l gii e vi ha on' 0 da di ton iy a i l elt d o e tmat a ne r lgover nt li e essi c r lng t c t ofprs a i sr ton.M ait ni nd uta nme a ntr t n ontoli he oss ion dm i ta i n ai ng t i tt ton' r gul rpilpas s hedul durng Rn he nsiu i s e a l s c e i mada f f si a nonf tng i t s n, or a tng nd asi nma e ai ,r le t f iiy ofe r s hedulng a sa fng c t as oc ae wih tm por rl lke e ived he aclt xta c i nd t fi oss s it d t e a iy i e ntnga atmaepilpas a ndaonl f Rn da pa tci nt.J-a 89mplme i n le t l s ge y or ma n ri pa s ., t 90 4 (o c n iga v rei a t fr q etda c mmo aino prs nrs u c sa c n e to c n e ln d e s mp c o e u se c o d to n io e o re nd o n cin 1 Theafi vi by f merRed Oni W a de Tr y Ray verfest tofk i sa i vi 1 fda t or on r n ac ii ha t al t ndi dual prs f ciii do notde e m i a oprat r i ousaccomm odatons. Ray s est Red Oni ion a ltes t r ne ppr i e elgi i ut hat on of i al w e e fci s r a vie vi e lb t ( d s d, a mai, y he VDOC)OfieofHe 1hSe vc si 20 t t(h ylwe en t fc at r ie n 09 ha te r o rq i dt atrplg s h usd rn Ra d n . . n )h td rn Ra d no fn es e ur o l i as o r uig ma a . .( d ta uig ma a fe d r e e l a coul acceptmedi tonswih a s al am ountofwa e durng daylghthour a i d ca l t m l tr i i s nd t woul notbr t rf tperM usi Chapl n Ser cesofV igi a' pr ent ton on d eak hei as lm ai vi r ni s es a i Res pondi t Relgi D i st i Vigi a Prs ng o i ous ver iy n r ni ions.Duet t si or i we di o hi nf maton d notale t pilpas hour durng Ramadan 2010.Re Oni saf di notmaket t r he l s s i d on t f d he deci on t adm i sermedi tonsdurng da i hour W e c si o nit ca i i ylght s. ompled wih advi i t ce gi t t si tt ton f om t Of i ofHea1h Servi . ven o hi nsiu i r he fce t ces ( y Afi , t, - )( No. - . Ra fd.a 54 6 ECF 22 1) 1 M or 2 eover Rowl t si ve enti t Ramada medi ton m a t waslm ied t a fr i ete' nvol m n he n ca i ter i t o fim ng , t deni ofBl ' greva he al ounts i nce. Gener l prs ofk i sar abs ut y i une fom labiiy aly, ion t al e ol el mm r i lt semm i fom t rpari pa i i t i a e gre t ng r hei tci ton n he nm t ivance pr ess Burtv. ichel,589 F.Supp.186, oc . s M t l 1 ( D. .1 8 . 92 E. Va 9 4) 12 b t e rg lto a dlgtmae n ur l be tve ) M o e ve, ewe n e u ain n e ii t, e ta o jci s. ro r VDOC o tcasu d ro k fi il n e to s t nta ef o tt a om m oda e M us i i a e 'be i f durng Ra a n 201 a t r ubs a i l f r o cc t lm nm t s le s i m da 0, no he c n ieainu e Tu n r I . t9 (o c r igo h rme n f r n t t e ecs r l ius o sd rto nd r r e . d a 0 c n enn t e a s o i mae o x r ie ei o g b les.Blu t e ev dh sme l o ti efsigh u s i k e igw1 1 i b les a dc u d eif) o n r c ie i as u sd atn o r,n e pn t hs eif, n o l 1 a s s u hi r i ousbooksi li ce l Fi ly, ert f t Tur rf c or Bl l o t dy s elgi n ls l. na l und he ourh ne a t , ountf is t al o a s r a l s btr omeale a i a ia et prs ofi i sby whi h t ac om moda e s e t ny e s ldens tm tve va lbl o ion tcal c o c t Bl ' r i o f tng be if a hi media i ne dswihouti uri s t i ounts elgi us asi le s nd s c ton e t nc rng ubsnntal e p ndtr o p io r s u c s L= (o c r iga e c o ra y atr aiea c mmo ain ) x e iue f rs n e o r e . d.c n e nn bsn e f e d len tv c o d to s. Fo t s r as ns Bl t doe notsa ef c ss r he e e o , o mt s tt a t howi t tdef nda s f lze t c nge ng ha e nt ' ailr o ha t pilpa ss hed edmi Rn dan 201 vi a edt Fis Ame e unde Love a e, he l s c ul ng ma 0 olt he rt ndm nt r lc Tum e , O' r and Lone.The e or undert fr tf c toft q lfe i muniy a ys si r f e, he is a e he uaii d m t nal i n Sa i , 5 3U. a 2 6 d fn a t aee tte t sl r ud me to t i cam.3 uc er 3 S. t 0 , ee d ns r nild o l mmayj g n n h s li 1 I II Fo t sa e r as ,t c t ncudest tdef nt 'm o i f sz a y r he tt d e ons he our co l ha enda s ton or lmm r j d me tmus b g a td An a p o it o d rwil n e ti d y g a tn d fn a t'mo in ug n t e rn e . p rprae r e l e tr h s a r ni g ee d ns to f rs mma yj d me t o u r u g n. 1 Bl ' cas i ditnguihabl fom AbdulM at n. Cas No.7: 1 00051 i f ta l 3 ounts e s si s e r - ee e 1 CV n ac nd aw, alhough bot cas chalenged t s eprs polc i e ent durng Ra ada 201 Pl ntf t h es l he am ion iy mplm ed i m n 0. ai if Kha i AbdulM a ee r s d cl msunde t Fis Amendm e and RLU I s ng m one ar a lf - t n ai e ai r he r t nt PA, eeki t y nd ij nci rle.Phips moint ds s i ta c s ag donyta Ab lMaenh dno alge nu tve eif p ' to o imisn h t ae rue l ht du- te a t le d f ct s i Phi per onali vementi t chalenged de son nott ale t pilpasss hedul a s how ng pps' s nvol n he l ci i o t r he l c e. AbdulM a ee had aleged t ot nur est d hi Phi wast per on t as a - t n l hat her s ol m pps he s o k boutt pilpas he l s s chedul The c tdeni t m oton t dim is fndi t tt ng AbdulM a ee slber l consrue e. our ed he i o s s , i ng ha aki - t n' i aly t d alegatonsastue,he ha aleged Phi per onali vem e i t s hedulng deci on. l i r d l pps' s nvol nt n he c i si Bl m akesno s alegaton s ount uch l i uggesi t Phi had peronala hort t cha t pil tng hat pps s ut iy o nge he l passs chedul Al o,becaus Phi m oton t dim isi AbdulM aeen' casef ed onl on her e. s e pps' i o s s n - t s ocus y aleged l ck ofi vem e i t s l a nvol nt n he chedulng deci on,t cour' anal si t tcas di notr i si he ts ysi n ha e d each t he Fis Amendmentanal i underTur ,asi i r quied t do i Bl ' cas Fi l Phi wasnot rt yss ner t s e r o n ounts e. naly, pps entted t dimi s ofAbdulM at scas on t gr il o s s al - een' e he ound ofqualfed i muniy,gi n pl ntf s i m t ve ai if rquetf rij tverle .Asn e Bl nt sn rqu se a c ns w noe tte n t e s o nunci eif otd, ou ha ot e e td nd a ho n ilme t o ij ci rle. nun tve eif 13 The Clr i die t d t s nd co esoft smemor ndlm o ni n a a ompa ng ek s rce o e pi hi a l pi o nd cc nyi or rt pl i if de o a ntf . E ER:T i 6 NT hs dyo Mac , 0 3 a f rh 2 1. Chi Unie St t sDititJ e ef t d a e src udg 14

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