-RSB Lehrer v. Pruett, No. 7:2011cv00583 - Document 15 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 4/10/12. (tvt)

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A MN l ' A T vt , kùV I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A ROANOKE DW I ON SI TO D D LEH RE R , Pettoner, ii V. SA M U EL V .PR UE TT, R e ponde . s nt ) ) ) ) ) ) ) FD g I c A 21 5@ ? l JUL BY: . LeK CLERK ' D Ci lAc i N o.7: c 00583 vi ton 11- vM EM O M N DU M O PI IO N N By: H on. ks L.K i er Jac on s Se orUnied St e Dit itJudge ni t at s s rc Todd Le e , V igi a i a e pr ee ng pr K ,f l d a pe ii f r a w rtofha a hr r a r ni nm t oc di o ie tton o i be s . c pus purua t 28U. C.j2254.Peii chalnge hi saecour convitonsa t or , s nt o S. ttoner le s s tt t ci nd he Vigni De rme ofCore tons (4 r i a pat nt rci ' çVDOC' c lultonsofhi sntnee .Re ponde fld ' ac ai ) se e s s nt ie a m oton t di m i s a pe ii i o s s , nd ttonerr s e pond m a ng t m a t rrpe f di poston. A fe ed, ki he te i or s ii tr r vi w i t r or Idi m i spe ii r s c ai sa s c s ve, tm e y,a pr dur ly e e ng he ec d, s s ttone ' l m s uc es i un i l nd oce a l d a t d. ef ule The Cicui C our f t Ciy ofRoa r t t or he t noke c vi t d pe ii ri 1 f l ng on c e ttone n 994 olowi pe ii rspl sofnol c end et saut r bur l y t comm i r pv r ,sa u or bur a y, ttone ' ea o ont r o t t o y gar o t a , ape t t t y glr a usng o dipl yi a f r a m w hie c m itng a f ony. Pe ii ra al d, a g ng t t nd i r s a ng i e r l om ti el 1 ttone ppe e r ui ha hi pl a we enotkno ng orvol a y.TheCour ofAppe sofVigi ade e t a al s es r wi unt r t al r ni nid he ppe , a t Supr m e C o tofV i g ni r f e a pe ii f a nd he e ur r i a e us d tton or ppea . Le e v.Com m on e 1h, N o. l hr r w at 950979,si op. t1( J y28,1 ;Lehrrv. lp a Va. ul 995) e Commo at No.21 94- si op. t1 nwe lh, 90- 3, lp a 2 ( Ct App. ay4,1 . Va. . M 995) Pe ii ne tl d a sa epe ii f awrto ha asc puswih t Supr me Co tof tto r se t t tton or i f be or t he e ur Vigi ai 1 r ni n 996.TheSuprmeCour ofVigi adimisdt peii wiho prj ieon e t r ni s se he tton t ut eudc 1Pettone ha r ne i a ce ae snc t 1 convitons. ii r s emai d nc r r td i e he 994 ci N ove be 25, 1 m r 996, c epeii rf ldt c ywihVigni Codej8. - 2 Lehrer be aus ttone aie o ompl t r i a 01655. v W ad n No. 61 0 si o a 1( . v. 5 1 9 ) . r e , 9 21 , l p. t Va No 2 , 9 6 . p I M ay 1 n 998,pe ii rr fl d a s a e pe ii f a wr tofhabea cor w ih t ttone e ie t t tton or i s pus t he Supr m e Cour ofV igi a r s ng f t t o cl m s f r r le ,a t Supr e Cour of e t r ni , ai i or y-w ai o e i f nd he em t V igi a di m i s d t pe ii i A ugus 1 r ni s s e he tton n t 998. The Supr e Cour ofV igi a de e m i d t t em t r ni t r ne ha no saewrtofha sc puscoul is bas d on a a lga i Cofwhi h t pe ii rha tt i bea or d s ue e ny le ton t c he ttone d knowldgea t tmeofflnga prvi peii ,'purua t Vigi aCodej8. e t he i ii ny e ous ttongj' s nt o r ni 01 6 4( ( .Le rrv. a d n No. l 8 si o a 1( . . ,1 9 ) Peiin rtlda 5 B)2) h e W r e , 98 1 0, l p. t Va Aug 5 9 8 . tto e ie p peii f ar he i ar ngt t58. - 4( ( s dnota ybe us t Suprme tton or e arng, gui ha 0165 B)2) houl ppl ca e he e Co r o Vignads s e t frt tt h b a peiinwih u p eu ie Th Su rmeCo r u t f r ii imis d he is sae a e s t o t o t rj d c . e p e t ut o V igi a de e t pe ii f a r hemi w hi h i t e t d asa pe ii n t s tas de t f r ni ni d he tton or e ng, c t r a e tt o o e i he j d me t i Se tmb r1 9 Le rrv. ad n, . 81 8 , lpo a 1( . e t 1 ,1 9 ) u g n ,n p e e 9 8. h e W r e No 9 1 0 si p. t Va S p . 8 9 8 . The c t e ei pe ii ne ' tr tf e a ha s pe ii i N ove be 1 our r c ved tto r s i s ed r l bea tton n m r 999. dimis t peii ptrua t Rul 4oft RulsGover ng j225 Ca e be us iwas s sed he tton ts nt o e he e ni 4 s s ca e t c e rf om t f e oft pett o t tpe ii r wasnotentte t r lef Le erv.W a de l a r he ac he ii n ha ttone il d o e i . hr r n J c Le ,No.7: cv- 07,si op.a 13( . Va. ak e 99- 008 lp t - W D. Nov. 1 9) YheFourh Cic tCo t 8, 99 . t rui ur ofAppea s de e a c r ii a e ofa a a lt a dim i s d t a l ni d e tt c t ppe l biiy nd s s e he ppea on M a c 3,2000. l rh Le e v. e, 99hrr Le No. 7658,si op.a 1( h Ci. a . 2000) lp t 4t r M r 3, . l J 2011 pe ii rf l d a he s a e pe ii f a w rtofha s c us w ih t n une , ttone ie not r t t tton or i bea op t he Supr m e Cour ofV i gi a. Pe ii rpr e e t f l i s x c ai sf r i . Fi s ,t e t r ni ttone es nt d he olow ng i l m or elef r t he VDOC vi aed duepr s by f ii t c e tpe ii rwih t co r ta o ofGo olt oce s a lng o r di ttone t he rec m unt od 2 r ii Co ej80165 (99 ) e uie Vigni h be sp tt n t s b tnil c n om t Vignasfr Vigna d . - 5 1 6 rq rd r i a a a eii s o u sa tal o fr o rii' om o y pe ii tton. ConductAlowa .3 Se ond, heVDOC vi aed duepr es by punihi hi t cef t l nce c t olt oc s s ng m wi or he s m e of e e. Thid, he bi s e m plfe by t V igi a Legi l t e and t V DO C c tt e a f ns r t a xe ii d he r ni s a ur he ons iut d di c i i ton. Fourh, he V D OC vi a e due pr s by de ng pe ii r e a i s rm na i t t ol t d oce s nyi ttone duc tonala nd c r e c e tpe m it by V i gi a l w .Fi t pe ii r sco elf t s a e c i i la ton a e r r di r ted r ni a fh, ttone ' uns or he t t r m na c i pr de i f e tve a s s a e, n vi a i n oft Si h A m e e t t U nie St t s ovi d ne f c i s i t nc i ol t o he xt ndm nt o he t d a e Co tt i Si h, he Cic tCour vi a e due pr s by e e i pe ii r sc i i ns iuton. xt t r ui t ol t d oce s nt r ng ttone ' r m nal j udgme .TheSupr meCour ofVigi adimis dt ecl msbec us peii di no nt e t r ni s s e hes ai a e ttoner d t tmeyfl t ha speii purua t Vigi aCodej8. - A)2) Lehrrv. ade of i l ie he bea tton, s nt o r ni 01654( ( . e W r n t çCo fe o C( r C r, 1 1 78 si o a 1( . g 1 , 01 ) Th S p e Co r o h fç wo d ) . 4 ,No. 1 1 , lp p. t Va Au . 2 2 1 . e u rme u t f r V igi a deni d pe ii ' pe ii f r he i on N o be 1 2011 r ni e ttoner s tton or e arng vem r 4, . Pe ii re c e a fl d t i t ntf de alha spe ii n i D e em be 2011 ttone xe ut d nd ie he ns a e r bea tt o n c r . Pe ii ne a l gest s m e s x c ai spr e e t t Supr e Co tofV i g ni i J 2011 tto r le he a i lm es nt d o he em ur r i a n une . Res ponde r quessdimi s oft ecli a s c sve, i ba r a pr dur ly nt e t s s al hes a ms s uc es i tme red, nd oce a l de a t f uled. A. Pe ii r st r ffhs nd sxt dam smus bedim is a s es i j 2254 cai . ttone ' hids it a i h i t s s ed s ucc sve l ms Cour rcor i c t t tt peiine prvi l fl a j2254peii a utt t e ds ndiae ha he tto r e ousy ied tton bo he c onvi tonse e ed i 1 4. Pe ii raga n cola e a l a t kst s m e convi tons i t ci nt r n 99 ttone i l t r ly tac he a c i n he i tntt r ffh,a sxt cl m sa ute r sm a by t sa etilc ta def ns nsa hid, it nd i h ai bo ror de he t t ra our nd e e couns .4 el 3G ood Conduc Alowa i a t oftm ecr tt tt VDO C a dst a wel-be d i ea r duce t t t l nce s ype i edi ha he war o l have nmat nd e s ha ima eso ea l e gt o ic r ea in.Va Co ej5 . - 9 ,.1s . n t ' v r l ln h f n a c r to . d 3 1 1 8 # eg 4Peiinera knowldgesi t r pons t t m otont dim i t tcli t eei ve t saeti c tsa tto c e n he es e o he i o s ss ha am hr nvol s he tt ral our' nd deens c e ' f ltet expli t efe tt V igi aV i e Ofende sActhadon pe ii rss nt e. f e ouns ls aitr o an he f c he r ni olnt f r ttone ' e enc . 3 A cam pr e e i as condors esi j225 peii t twaspr e edi apror li esntd n e ucc sve 4 tton ha esnt n i p tto mus beds se .2 U. C. 2 4 b ( ) A cam p e e tdi as c n o s c e sv eiin t imis d 8 S. j 2 4()1 . li r s n e n e o d r u c sie j225 pettont twasnotprs ntdi aprorpeii mus bedimisdi t s e sv 4 ii ha e e e n i tton t s se f he ucc sie pettonhasnoty bee aut ie byaCour ofAppe l.1 j2244( ( -3) Pl ntf f l ii et n horz d t as d. b)2)( . ai if ais t e t ih t t Cour ofAppe l f t Fo t Cicu tgr nt d pettone lavet fl a o sabls hat he t a s or he urh r i a e ii r e o ie s c e sv h be sp tto l j22 4( )3 .Ac o dn l , ds s camstre fv , n sx u c sie a a eiin. d. 4 b ( ) c r ig y I imis li h e , ie a d i wi o t rj d c a s c e sv be a s t e c le g , t u a t o iain tefcs t u p eu ie s u c sie c u e h y haln e wi t u h rz to ,h a t h ho s p o t gp tto e ' c i n l u g n ara yc le g db ap e iusha e sp tto . u p ri ei n rs rmia j d me t le d haln e y rvo n i b a eiin B. Pe ii r di nottm e v fl c ai sone t a f . ttone d i l ie l m s wo. nd our Ha a p tto sfldu d rj2 4 aes j c t ao - e rp ro o lmiain 2 be s eiin i n e 25 r ube t o ney a e id f i tto . 8 e ye i t i i or ai U. C.j2244( ( )5 Theone- arlm iatonsperod f cl m sone, t a f be nont S. d)1 . wo, nd our ga he d t on w hi h t f c ua pr di a e ofe h c a m c d ha be n di c ae c he a t l e c t ac l i oul ve e s over d tz o h t e lr ug he exe cie ofd dii e. r s ue lgenc Pe ii ra g s i t t r tc ai t tt VD O C vi a es d pr s by awa di ttone r ue n he i s l m ha he ol t ue oce s r ng pe ii rgood conduc a l a e a a Le lI Ii a e a t ttone t low nc s ve I nm t lhough pe ii r i a Le lli a e 6 ttone s ve nm t . Pe ii ra kno l dgest tt enone c a s tc ton a ea ni r t ha c i d s nc ttone c w e ha he ous l s ii a i nd r ng a e ve ontnue i e hi a i s on i o t VD O C i t m i 1 s dm s i nt he n he d- 990s a a r s tofhi pa tc a c s e ul s r i ul r onvi tons ci . 5The o ne y a p ro o l i to f rtln aha e sp t in u d rj2 5 be i st n o t eIt s o f u dae : e r e i d f i t in o ii g b a ei o n e 2 4 g n o m n h ae t f o r t s m a t ( ted t o whihtej d me t c mef l yt c n lso o di c rve o tee prto o te A) h ae n c h u g n be a i b he o cu in f r t e iw rh x iain fh na e tm ef s ki s r viw ; i or ee ng uch e e ( ted t o whc tei di n t tl a a piaincetdb Saeato i voaino te B)h ae n ih h mpe me to ii n p lcto rae y tt cin n ilto fh ng Consiui orl oft Unied Stt i r tt ton aws he t aes s emov i t applca wa pr ntd fom flngby s ed, f he i nt s eve e r ii uch Stt a i ae cton; ( ted t o whc tec n ttto l ih asre wa iiil r c g ie byteS p e Co r,fh C) b ae n ih h o si ina rg t setd s ntal e o nz d h u rme utite u y rghtha be n newl r ogniedby t Supr Cour a ma r r ctveyapplc bl t c eson i s e y ec z he eme t nd de etoa i l ia e o as colat r r vi w ;or l e al e e ( ted t o whihtefcu l rdct o tecam o camspe e tdc udh v bendso ee D) h ae n c h ata pe iae f h li r li rsne o l a e e ic v rd tr h ought exe cieofduedii nce he r s lge . 2 U.. j2 4 d()A)( . 8 SC. 2 4()1( -D) 6Ge aly, aLev li aeea nsm or tm eof as ntncepe t rydays g beha ort n aLe l1i ae. ner l el nm t r ei f e e r hit ' ood vi ha vel l nm t 4 Pe ii rar ue i t s cond c a m t tt V D OC vi a e due pr s by puni hi hi ttone g s n he e l i ha he ol t s oce s s ng m t i f t s e of e e. Pe ii rhasknow n t ba i oft s ond cl i s nce he e e e w ce or he am f ns ttone he s s he ec am i nt r d t VDOC s tm i t mi 1 he ys e n he d- 990s Pe ii ra guesi t f t c a m t V D O C vi a e . ttone r n he our h l i he ol t s due pr s by de ng pe ii red a i la c r rc edi. Pe ii r ha a t ly kno n oce s nyi ttone uc tona nd a ee r t ttone s c ua l w s nce M a c 31 2009, he t VD O C de ed pe ii r sr que tf extao di r g i rh , w n he ni ttone ' e s or r r na y ood- i e tm c edi, ha t VDOC woul notalow pe ii rt ea n e r good-i c e tf c pltng r t t t he d l ttone o r xta tme r di or om e i V DO C e duca i lo voc ton t a ni tona r a i r i ng. M o e t n o yea pas ed be w e n w he pe ii rco d ha know n oft f c ua r ha ne r s t e n ttone ul ve he a t l pr di t oft s cl i s t o h t exe c s ofd dii nc a w he pe ii ne fl d t e ca es he e a m hr ug he r i e ue lge e nd n tto r ie he r lva sa eha aspetton i J 2011.Ac or ng y,pe ii rf l t tmel fl t s ee nt tt be ii n une c di l ttone aied o i y ie he e c ai s a t c tm us di m i sc a m s o t and f r unl st c te t bl t l t l m , nd he our t s s l i ne, wo, ou es he our quia y ols he s a ut oflm ia i . t t e i t tons Equia et lngi avaia eonl i Shos r r i t eswhe e - duet cr umsa es t bl oli s lbl y n d e a e nsanc t r o ic t nc e e nalt t pa t s o n c xt r o he r y' w onduc - i w o d be unc o o bl t e o c t lm ia i pe i t t ul ons i na e o nf r e he i t ton rod a ans t ep rya dg os ij siewo l r s l. u ev Le , 3 F.d2 , 4 (t Ci. g i t h a t n r s nu tc ud e ut' s . e 3 9 3 38 2 6 4 h r 'Ro 2003)(. ba )(ntr lquoai maksomitd)(ii Harsv. c ns 209F. 325, : nc i ena tton r n te ctng ri Huthi on, 3d 3 ( hCi.2000).Thus apeii rmus ha t npurui hi rght dii nty, nd ... 30 4t r ) , ttone t ve û bee s ng s i s lge l a s e e r r na y cic s a e s ood i hi w a 't pr ve tm el f lng. Hola v. or d om xtao di r r um t nc t n s y' o e nt i y ii l nd Fl i a, U. S. ,130S. . Ct 2549,25 ( 0) Idonotfnda e r r naycic tncei t 60 201 . i ny xtaodi r rumsa n he r c d t tpr nt pe ii rfom flng atmel pe ii See e. , t d St t v.Sos , e or ha eve ed ttone r ii i y tton. , z.Unie aes a 3 4F.d5 7, 2( t Ci. 0 )( r â sau a i n r n eo telw d e n t u tf 6 3 0 51 4 h r 20 4 p o q tts nd g o a c f h a o s o j siy e t et lng ;Tur rv.J hns 1 F. 390,392(t Ci.1 ( i t t quiabl oli ) ne o on, 77 3d 5h r 999) notng ha unf m ii rt w ih t l w due t ilt r c ornr y sausdoe no t ll tto pei . a la iy t he a o lie a y o q tt s t ol i >ins rod) mi - Ac r ngl 1fnd t tpettone fl d c am sone,wo, f be co di y, i ha ii r ie l i t and our yond t one ye rsa ut of he - a tt e lm ia i ,pe ii ri no e ild t e t bl t lng,a t c am smus be dimis d. i ttons ttone s t ntte o quia e oli nd he l i t s se Pe ii rpr e lal de auledt c am ss i c i sa ecour. ttone oc dtr ly f t he l i ub udie n tt t Eve i t pe ii n w astm e y f l d, ttone pr dur ly def ule t cl i ss n f he tt o i l ie pe ii r oce a l a t d he a m ub i ce A f de alhabe scli i pr dur ly de a t d whe $ sa ecour hasde lne t udi . e r a a m s oce al f ule n ; tt a t ci d o c i rt c am ' m e ison t bassofa ade t a i pe ntsa epr dur r e. onsde he l i s rt he i n quae nd nde nde tt oce al ul ' ' Hed ikv. ue 443F. 3 359( hCi. ) A saec tsûndi ofpr e a dea t rc Tr , 3d 42, 4t r 2006 . tt our' ng oc durl ful i e il t a pr s pton ofco r c ne s pr ded t o f s ntted o e um i r e t s , ovi w ounda i lr qui e e sa e m e . 28 tona e r m nt r t U. C. 2 5 ( ; a t nv. u c 8 F.d 1 3 ,1 41( t Ci.1 8 ) Fis,h saec u t S. j 2 4 * Cln o M n y, 45 2 2 8 2 4h r 9 8 . rtt e tt o r m us e i il r y on t pr dur gr t xplc ty el he oce al ound t de pe ii rr i f Y 1 tv. unne a r 50l o ny ttone ele . s N m ke , U. 797,802- ( 991 ;Harsv. d,489U. 255,259- ( 98 .Sec t sae S. 03 1 ) ri Ree S. 61 1 9) ond,he tt pr e a r e us t def ul pe ii r s c ai m us be a i pe oc dur l ul ed o a t ttone ' l m t n nde ndenta a ua e sa e nd deq t t t gr f de ngr if Fo dv.Ge ci,498U. 411 423- ( 991 'Hari,489U. a ound or nyi ele . r or a S. , 24 1 ) rs , S. t 260.A sa epr edur r e i ûnde nde 'i i doesnotdepe upon af der lc tt i l t t oc al ul s t pe nt' f t i nd e a onsiutona r i a û de t 'i i i fr l e t bls d a r ul ry o c i t nty a i d by t s a e ulng nd ç qua e' f t s i m y s a ihe nd eg a l r ons s e l pple a he t t co t Yeat v.Anceone 1 F. 255,263- ( h Ci.1 . ur. ts l , 66 3d 64 4t r 998) The Su e e Cour ofV i gi a r f e pe ii r s s a e ha spe ii be a e t pr m t r ni e us d ttone ' t t bea tton c us he Camsweeno tmel fld, zs ntt Vigni Co j8. - A)2)7 TheFo t Cic t 1i r t i y ie ptrua o r i a de 016544 4 . urh rui Cour ofA ppe sr cogni s t tt di m i s lofa ha asc a m be us ofV i gi a' s a ut of t al e ze ha he s s a be l i ca e r ni s t t e 7Thi s cton saes s e i tt : A p tt nfrwrto h b a c ru a sbiin u oh rta ap t inc aln igaci n l eii o i f a e s op s d u jce d m, te h n eio h le gn rmia o t co c i ors nt e,s l be br twihi one ye a t ca e ofac i ac ue . A ha as nviton e enc ha l ough t n ar her he us ton cr s be c r u p t i n atc i ac i na c nvc in o s n e c , xc p a p o i e i j8. 16 4. f r o p s e i o ta kng rmi l o ito r e tn e e e t s r v d d n 0 - 5 1 o t c e i whih adeah s e hasbe i pos d,s lbefl w ihi t yeasfom t daeof as s n c t entnce en m e hal ied t n wo r r he t fn lu g n i tetilc u t rwihno ey a fo eie fn lds sto ofh drc a p a ia j d me tn h ra o r o ti n e r rm i r ia ipoiin te iet p e l h i saec tort tm ef flng s a alha expied, che ri ltr n tt our he i or ii uch ppe s r whi ve s ae . 6 lmia i i apr dur def ul ba e on a i pe nta ade t saepr e a r e. i ttons s oce al a t s d n nde nde nd qua e t t oc dur l ul S eW e k v. g l n ,1 6F.d2 9 2 3(t Ci. 9 9 ( o igta Vign assaueof e e s An eo e 7 3 4 , 7 4h r 1 9 ) n tn h t r ii' tt t lm ia i f ha s c puspe ii c tt esa ade t a i pe nts a e 1 w i t tons or bea or ttons ons iut n qua e nd nde nde t t a gound) Theef e,t SuprmeCour ofVigni dimis peii rsha aspeii r . r or he e t r i a s sed ttone ' be tton bec us ofa i pe nta a qua e s a e pr dur lr l ,a pe ii rpr dtr ly a e n nde nde nd de t t t oce a u e nd ttone oce la l def ule t cai ss i ce a t d he l m ub udi . A c tma notr viw apr e aly defuled cai a e as our y e e oc dur l a t l m bs nt howi ofa ng f n a n a mic rig o j tc o c u ea dp eu ie Hars 48 U. a 2 2.A u d me tl s ara e f usie r a s n rj dc . ri, 9 S. t 6 f n n n a mic rig o j siec n ensapeiin rsa t a in c n e Se , ..M u ryv. u d me tl s ara e f u tc o c r tto e ' cu l n o e c . e eg, ra Ca e, 7 U. 4 8 4 6( 98 ) Th e se c o c u eo d n rl tr u o as o n o ni r 4 7 S. 7 , 9 1 6 . e xitn e f a s r i aiy u ns p n h wig f i f e tve as i t nc ofc ne f c i ssa e ouns ,a f t r e e nalt t de e e t ti pe c pla e w ih el ac o xt r o he f ns ha m ded om i nc t t s a e pr e a r l ,ort novely oft c a m . Col m a v. m ps 501 U . 722, he t t oc dur l u e he t he l i e n Tho on, S. 753- ( 991;Cl zav. ura 91 F. 1 11 ( h Ci.1 .Se Kor hrnsv. 54 1 ) oz M ry, 3 2d 092, 04 4t r 990) e na e Evat66F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 )(e ognii aco tdoesnotne t c i rt t, 3d 350, 359 4t r 995 r c zng ur ed o onsde he is ofprj c i t a e ofca e.Peii rf l t esa ihaf sue eudie n he bsnce us ) ttone ais o tbls undame a ntl mic rig of u tc o c u ea prj iet e c et p o e u a d ful o a u tmey s ara e j sie r a s nd eudc o x us he r c d rl ea t f n ni l sa eha spe ii Ac or ngl pettone sc am sa edim is a pr dur ly de a t d. tt bea tton. c di y, ii r' l i r s s ed s oce a l f ule 1 1. 1 Fo t f egoi r a ons, gr ntr s nde ' m oton t di m i sa di m i st pe ii r he or ng e s l a e po nts i o s s nd s s he tton f awrtofha sc pus Bas d uponm y fndi t tpeii ha notm a t r uiie or i bea or . e i ng ha ttoner s de he eq st s tntals ubsa i howi ofadeni ofaconsiutonalrghtasr r by 28 U .S. j2253/) a ng al tt i i equied C. , ce tt a e of a al biiy i de e rik t ppe a lt s ni d. 7 The Clr i die t d t s nd a c oft sM e a ek s rce o e opy hi mor ndum Opi on a t ac ompa ng ni nd he c nyi O r rt pe ii r a c de o ttone nd ouns ofr or f r s el ec d or e ponde . nt ENTER: hs . dyo Api 2 1. T il - a f r, 0 2 l n 5 e orU nied St esD i ti tJ ni t at sr c udge 8

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