Douglas v. Johnson et al, No. 7:2011cv00468 - Document 32 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 3/18/2013. (tvt)
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:k q':* 9* Q: :1% O UX t 1 4 A x vliV T lk'A FIE L Aq 1 /I TH E U NI N TED STA TES D I STRICT C O U RT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STR I T O F VI G I A C R NI RO ANOK E DI SI VI ON LAM O NT 0 .D O U G LA S, Pl i if a nt f , V. GENE JOHNSON,e al, t . Dee f ndant . s ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CULA . I BY: E n , RK CV * L Ci lA c i N o.7: c 00468 vi t on 11- v- M EM O M N D U M O PI O N NI By: H on. ls L.Kier Jacton s Seni Unie St t Dit i tJudge or t d a es s r c Ln mont0.Dougl s aVigi ai t pr ee ngpr K ,fl acvi rg sa ton a , r ni nma e oc di o ied i l i ht c i puruantt 42U. C.j 1 wihj iditonvese i 28U. C.j 1 s o S. 983 t urs ci td n S. 343.Pli ifnn as antf mes de e f ndan sGe J hns f r e Diecoroft Vigi a De rme ofCore tons t ne o on, o m r r t he r ni pa t nt rci (VDOC' ; r l Clr , u r n Die tro t VDOC; om Gnma , VDOC Re in l 1 t ' Hao d ake c re t r co f he ) Jl r n a go a Die tr Trc Ra , o me W ad no t Re Ono S aePrs n(û P' ; c ad rco ; a y y f r r r e f he d in tt io $ ROS ' Rih r ) Rowlte f me AsitntW adenoft ROSP;Q. ynol ,aROSPTrame Pr r m et, or r ssa r he Re ds e t nt og a Supe vio ;a ROSP Coreci na Ofi r Ca an Ke n M ccoy,Ca an Dwa Tt e , r s r nd r to l fce s pt i vi pt i yne ml r Liut na Del Ta e,Se gea ChrsGibe t a Se ge ntW iburW rght Pl ntf a lges e e nt mar t r nt i l r, nd r a l i . ai if le t tde e nt t e s bl s r h a s i hi ,c us cr la unus lpunihm e , ha f nda s mr a ona y ea c nd eze m a e ue nd ua s nt and de hi equa pr e ton,i vi ai oft Fourh, ght a Foure nt Am e e soft ny m l ot c i n ol ton he t Ei h nd te h ndm nt he Unie Stt sConsiuto r peci l Dougl ss ksde l r t r r le ,dn a , nd td ae tt i n, es tvey. a ee c a a o y ei f m ges a ijmcier le.Dee d n sfldamoinf rs mmayj d me ta g ig itrai, u lfe nl tv eif fn a t i e to o u r u g n, r un ,n e l q aii d a i mmuniy,a pli ifr ponded by a ki f dicove y a ac es t hi pe s t nd antf es s ng or s r nd c s o s ronalpr ry. ope t Afe viwi t r cor i alg mor f vor bl t pl i if lde def nda s m oton f tr e ng he e d n i ht e a a e o antf, ny e nt ' i or sl r j d me t st panifsFo rhAme d n camso b sa de la ii a ans l mmay u g n a o litf u t n me t li f y tn r iblt g i t y Tum er Tat Gibert and W r ghtf s rp s chesw ih fem al st presentand grantt , e, l , i or t i ear t e aff he m o i a t alo he cli a de e nt . ton s o 1 t r a ms nd f nda s 1. Pli ifwa hous d a ROSP,aLeve - co r ci lf c lt bewe Dec m be 1 antf s e t ls r e tona a iiy, t en e r 998 a Augus 1 a be we n Aprl2003 a J nuar 5, 201 l Pli ifwasas i d t nd t 999 nd t e i nd a y sgne o 2. antf ROSP' B- po o Fe ua y 2, S 3 d n br r 2011, e o t feq nc s vert a te ofhi bas d n he r ue y, e iy, nd r nd s mic s onduc i VDOC i tt i ns2 I aesas i tn nsiuto . nm t sgnedt B- e re i r as d s curt o 3 xpe ince nc e e e iy c ompar d t ot rLe ls i a e a ROSP. Fore mpl ,i ROSP' sa z a i sr tve e o he ve- nm t s t xn e n S tnda d dm nita i s e ton,c r tona ofi e sco uc viualsrp s r hesofi m a e t ough t c ldoor ' egr ga i oreci l fc r nd t s ti ea c n t s hr he el s se rwi l nde ndows whi hi ch ndersa ffom c tf r ompl t y viwi t i a ea hi c l. I s. , eel e ng he nm t nd s e l3 n ? , c r c i ofi r conduc viua srp s a c sofi t i i t rc l a agan outi ore tonal tce s t s l ti e r he nma es nsde hei els nd i sde t i c ls i a s r p s r h ca i t t i ' a e oft pod s m uli e of i e s c n obs r e he r e l n ti ea c ge n he t publc ' r a he o tpl fc r a ev t sac t he e r h mobsr t 4 I sa dar a nita i s r ton, i a e kee e r cl hesi tuced. n t n d dmi sr tve eg ega i nm t s p xta ot n 1ROSP i c i r d a t dm i sr tveLong Te m Segr tonUni ' ni t tisi ts e e f t s onsde e n W nitai r egai t'mea ng ha t nmae , xc pt or he c d e imaesa t a ek p i t i c l f ra p o i t l 2 h u sp rd y.Th st eo s c r h u i i a r -n t tfl r e t n her el o p r xma ey 3 o r e a s i yp f e u e o sng s de ine f t V DOC' m os vi e orde i i aes sg d or he S t olnt fant nm t . 2Fore mpl ,pl ntf admit y sabbe aco r tona ofie s ntmesi Augus 1 t tr r d xa e ai if tedl t d reci l fc r eve i n t 999 ha equie e r nc s r r t t ofkersrbs a men,c t and ams Doual v. ea No.2: -vme ge y u ge y o he t ' i , bdo hes, r . as M de, 01c 70327,si op. lp a 2, ( . Va Ap .1 , 0 3 (o e, ..S eFe . Evd 2 ( ()(emit gj dca n tc o fcswhih t 6 W D. . r 0 2 0 ) J n s J) e d R. i. 01b)2 p r ti u iil oie f a t c n Sa bea c rtl a ra iyd tr n dfo s uc swho ea c rc cr trao a yb q eto e ' ;nRe t n cu aey nd e dl eemie rm o r e s c ua y amo e s n bl e u sin d' l c l Karn Ca a Bra h sCo s lLig.5 3F. u p. d61 , 313 & M .4-5( D. . 0 )(ol cigc ss tia n l e c e n o. t , 3 S p 2 5 6 -3 i 1 1 E. La 20 8 c l tn ae e i iaigta fd rl o rsma tk udca noieo g ven na we sts icudn c u t eo d lW iims ndc tn h t e ea c u t y a ej iil tc f o rme tl b i ,n l ig o r rc r s; la e l v Lo c 5 5F. u p. 6 9 68 - 8& n. ( Md 2 0 )(olcigc s si iaigta p sigso go en n . n , 8 S p 2d 7 , 6 8 4 D. . 0 8 c l tn ae ndc tn h t otn n v r me t e we stsaeih rnl a t ni o sl-uhe tctn ) Alh u hpanifag e t t ewa n v rfu dg iyo b ie r n ee ty uhe tc r efa t niaig . to g litf r u s ha h s e e o n ul f t t sa ngandt t atcks dnotbeus d a ns hi i dee mi ng hi VDOC s urt lvel t c t he tbbi hat he ta houl e gai t m n tr ni s ec iy e ,he our a r e t ot ra$ 5 ,0 j d me t g is paniffrteatc Plitf as a mi rc iiga wad d he f ke 2 00 0 u g n a an t litf o h tak. anif lo d t e evn n s i tttona i r toni B- f bengna d i hi c lwhiei t pr enceofaf l co r tona ofke durng nsiui l nfaci n 3 or i ke n s el l n he es emae reci l t r i he p to.( Co l!7 )Ad io al, litf flda afda io a oh rimaewh a esherng r ar l Am. mp . 3. dt n l panif ie n fi vt f n te n t o v r ai i y fTheisd stotrwigfcsaacreB-nssrf-rrch cagen Af.Emen.-)rp.arch pr dureus litf mit sear n ocedureusedrci 'lfie.( buwast (a viuals!8) a vial ti ho pr ee t oi t3aoicea Osore f sCF o 11tr se n fua rp ch o tps n he s i oce ed i i acel Thei aesrpsa s ea hi lgs be ove ,s ea hi butoc ,s sa c nsde l. nm t ti nd pr ds s e , nds r pr ds s t ks quat nd oughs andr ie , as s hi ams pe s a s r u whiet ofi r l a t i t shea hai,mouh, o s pevi aea,l a s r , ni, nd c otm l he fces ook t he nmae' d, r t t r o, l c r egs nd fe .Thei t r eveshi clt ngwhe t i peci i c et nmae ec i s ohi n he ns ton s omplt lr e t t eviualsrp s r ee. efr o hes s ti each Pr dur a ai ti s r ' oce es s t rp each.' s 4P1i ifsdigr oft i kedown Cagei PublcAr a's antf' a am he ç sha n i e ' howsawieca 4 fe l by 5 fetwi a 8 r ge e t ong e de nd fe tl t a h st ba k sdea an tas ldwal ( a r m ( n 1 2 1) Thefo ta d lA sd o t c ge e t al h t a he c i g is o i l. Dig a ECF o. - ) . r n n e i e f he a c it ofwieme h,whih alowsoneofk e sa ng i fo oft ca andoneofke t t l oft c t onsss r s c l t r tndi n r nt he ge t r o he eû he age o ce rys t i t Notbl pl ntf ac la l ee he nmae. a y, ai if knowl st tt rghtsdeoft ca whih fcest r t edge ha he i i he ge, c a owa d he c r t rwhe efmal core tonalofi r algedl wor i s i a pai e blc fom t mi l oft ontol owe r e e r ci fces le y k, s old nd ntd a k r he dde he t i c ls butB- i esm a not St nda d a i sr tves gr ga i i t sa e i her el , 3 nmat y . a r dm nitai e e ton nma e r n idv d l a e a j c n t e c ohe d rngr ce to b tB- imae a ei idv d a c g s n iiua c g s d a e t o a h t r u i e r ain, u 3 n ts r n n ii u l a e f ra y fom o he i a e . St nda d a nita i s gr ton i aesm a ha at e son a wa r t r nm t s a r dmi sr tve e egai nm t y ve elvii i terc l , u B- i tsma o ywac tlv so p o e tdo tep dwal S a d r n h i el b t 3 nmae y nl th ee iin rj ce n h o l. tn ad s a nita i s gr ton i aesa ees ore t t s dmi sr tve e egai nm t r c td o he howe sa ba k t t rc l,butBr nd c o hei els 3 i t sa esrp s z he be or bengr ur ngt t rc l. Al Le ls ROSP i t , nma e r ti ea c d f e i et ni o hei els l ve nma es i l ng B- i aes a epr ve e fom l vi t i cel t pa tcpa e i gr p r lgi ncudi 3 nm t , r e nt d ' ea ng her ls o ri i t n ou e i ous r pr r mm i a ha smia o rt te f s we sa r c e i og a ng nd ve i lr ppo tmiis or ho r nd e r aton. Pl i ifa lgest tdef nda sRa Rowlte, ynol ,M ccoy,Tur r a Ta e antf le ha e nt y, e t Re ds ne , nd t vi a e t Equa Pr e ton Cl us on Fe a y 2, 1 byas i ni pl ntf t B- a olt d he l ot c i a e bnlr 201 , sg ng ai if o 3 nd te tng hi dif r nty t n ot rLe ls i a e a ROSP.Pl ntf ct sa dipa a e r a i m fe e l ha he ve - nm t s t ai if ie s s r t te t e t srp s r he i t c ge;ha ng s i celd r ;beng s ved onl onceawe k r am nt he ti ea c s n he a vi old l oo s i ha y e wih us d s vi t s ha ngt lt t tonl ofk e sca fus m ovi i n t e ha ng ool ; vi oie s ha y t r n l h; ng n mbul t y aor r sr i st muli ec l mor t n onc am ont beng f ce t kne li s we s r r a i e tant o tpl els e ha e h; i or d o e n ho r , ec e ton c ges a t srp s ar h ca beng aone i t r c eai n c esand s we ;e tng Dit a , nd he ti e c ge; i l n he e r to ag ho r a i e Loa ;s elng t ea a odor ; tha ng ape s lt l vii n,s f des a elc rct i f m li mpl s nt s no vi r ona e e so hel, k nd e ti iy n B- c ls a nota tndi gr r i ouspr r m i 3 e l , nd te ng oup elgi og am ng. Pli ifa s alege t thewa as i d t s r ga i a ROSP snc Augus 22,1 antf l o l s ha s sgne o eg e ton t i e t 999, f ri tt to lc r sofwhih hewasltra quitd.Pli tf a g st tt ef s o nsiu i na ha ge c ae c te a n if r ue ha hes ale i tt to c r pr ve hi fom e r i good tme c e t a heconcude t tB- s nsiu i nal ha ges e nt m r a n ng i r di, nd l s ha 3' c gedownt t foor Pli ifa kno e a o he l . antf c wldgest the i cl he whe e co tdt t srp- l ca a dir ha s ot d n s re o he ti cel ge nd sobes i ietec g .( Co . 5 ) nsd h a e Am. mpl! 6. co to a hi Ende i t as i ndii ns nd s s fnie sgnmen 't s e ton untlhe be om e a i o m a vi a e i t' o egr ga i i c s n nf r nt olt t Ei h A m e e . he ght ndm nt Pl i t f f r he a l st thi s rp s a c s a e vi ot pe a br dc to s de t Ba n if u t r lege ha s t i e r he r de a d nd oa as ut i he 3 pod on apas wo d- o ece newor a t tm a ea f m ae sa fs w hi dtrng srp s r pr t td t k nd ha l nd e l t f a m li ti s a c s Pl ntf c l st tt e srp s a c svi at t Fourh Am e e r he . ai if onc ude ha hes ti e r he ol e he t ndme . nt Il. On J nua y 4,201 aROSP pr pe t ofi e t d pl ntf t thewoul beta f re a r 2, o ry fc r ol ai if ha d r nse r d fom ROSP t Sus e 1 aLe l5VDOC f ciiy,f me c r as r o s x , ve a lt or dial e ons.The pr pe t ofi e o ry fc r e ai d t tpli ifc d f e m e ca te t nta r m an a ROSP wih hi l al xpl ne ha antf oul or go di l r a me nd e i t t s eg r s a c a pe s lpr ry, pl i ifc et got Sus e Iwihouthi pe s e e r h nd r ona ope t but antf hos o o s x t s r onal propert y. Pl i ifnow r que t acour or rt c antf e ss t de o ompe def nda st ta f rhi lgalr s a c l e nt o r nse s e e e r h a pe s lpr pe t t hi a Sus ex 1 Pl i ifaleg t the c nnotpr e f c s e s ntal nd r ona o ry o m t s . a ntf l es ha n es nt a t s e i t j tf o p iint d fn a t' to f rs o usiy p osto o ee d ns moi n o umma yj d me t p rua t oFe . Ci P. r u g n , u s n t d R. v. 5 ( ) b c us hed e n t v p ro a p o e t,n l dn sauebo ksa dc s lw. 6 d , e a e o s o ha e e s n l r p ry icu ig tt t o n a e a Pli ifa s ar st thenee t c antf l o gue ha ds o onduc dico r i l ng i e r t i sand r quess t s ve y, nc udi nt roga ore e t f ra s i fom def ndan sand a fda t fom VDOC i aesa o dmisons r e t fi vis r nm t boutprs lf unr l t t ion ie e aed o t i t ntcli s he nsa am . Def nda sr s t de e eofq lse i mt t i s e nt aie he f ns uai d m miy n uppor t i m o i n f sl a y t her to or lmm r j d me t t aiid i nt i a e tt me tn t osa dtil rf c t eoh rb r e so u g n . E lfe mmu i s n n ie n o t tn ra o a e h te u d n f ou y l ltgai ' Sa irv. t,5 U. 1 200( ) ove zedp. ohe c o lyPe s v. ii ton. uce Kaz 33 S. 94, 2001, m l q t r r unds . aron ' Calha 555U. 2 ( la n, S. 23 2009)(ntr lquoai maksomitd) S-heprviegei çn i ena tton r te . f- i l s a l i mmuniyfom s trt rt nameedefns t la lt ...' l ( i M ic l v.Foryt t r ui ahe ha r e e o ibiiy. '' d.quotng thel s h, 472U. 511,5 ( 985) &f epr t to ofquaii di l t gi ofiil t rg . .t S. 26 1 ). t' oecin -h lte mmlniy ves fcas a iht . o a dt btr nsofçuc pr ralma t sa dic r '' Hola ex r l Ove dor fv. voi he lde s h eti ter s s ove y.' lnd e . r f Harnutn, F. 11 11 ( 0hCi. )( i Be e v. lte ,51 U. 299, ri ro 268 3d 79, 85 1 t r 2001 quotng hrns Peleir 6 S. 308( 996).Thus lmus i tal deemi t tqualfedi 1 ) , t niily tr ne ha ii mmuniy doe no a ybeor t s t ppl f e pemitngdic r L r ti s ovey. 4. To t e e pl i ifas met de e r i on qualfe i muniy t i s h tm ehe he xt nt antf ks o f r ulng ii d m t mtl uc i c n a ce shi pe s a c s s r onalpr ry,1de t r ques. In de e mi ng whe he pl i ifs ope t ny he e t m t r ni t r antf ve son ofe t a saed i t Am e ri ven s s t t n he nded Compl i sae ac tt i na vi a i whih ant t t onsiuto l olton, c r quiesm et as umepli ifsf t a t e,a t ,noneoft r e ntf c sa ee l i l e r o s a ntf acs s nz nd hus he elva a t r xcusvey i t c r ofde e t .Se Hm odsLt v.Si y l e ne Dom an Na e ,302 F.d 21 n he ontol f ndan s e d. xt ntr t i m s 3 4, 2 647(t Ci. 0 2 (ts u tce ttmefrds o eyi c nsd rde p cal i o tn wh n 4 - 4 h r 2 0 ) E j fi in i o ic v r s o i ee s e il mp ra t e g y t rlva fcsa ee usvel i t c r oft op i pat 'l Plitf doesno alge he ee nt a t r xcl i y n he ontol he posng ry. anif ' t le t thei i pa eofc ha s nca bl onduci l galr s a ch a Sus e 1 a pl i ifspr f r nc t notdo tng e e e r t s x , nd antf ee e e o mor lga r s ac i notas fce ba i t i e e l e e rh s ufiint ss o nvokeRul 56( .Se Stacv.Bd.ofTr tes e d) e r use , 55F.d943, - 4( hCi.1 )(i ngt tdititc tdi nota eisdicei i 3 953 5 4t r 995 fndi ha src our d bus t s rton n d n igRu e5 ( )rle wh r temo i p ryd dno s e iial alg wh t ei f n to e yn l 6 d eif e e h vng a t i t p cfc l l e y h n o uain y e s u h wo l ha eb e s fiin t ce t ag n i eis eo maeil a t.Co e e ty 1 o g t u d v e n u fce t o rae e u n su f tra f c) nsqu nl , wilfrtdee mi whe he pl i ifsve son ofe nt sa e ac tt i lvi a i n and l is tr ne t r antf ri ve s t t s onsiutona olto whe he def nt a e e ild t q lfe i miy be or a horzngdi c r .5 see Les t r enda s r ntte o uaiid mmt t f e ut i i s ove y cs v Ma t s u P lc De t 1 F. p' 5 2 5 4( t Ci. 0 )( n bih d (iigHa lw . ri b m o ie p' 38 Ap x 6 , 6 4h r 20 5 u pu ls e ) ctn ro n , 5Alhoughdefnda saguet tplitf fie t e us admi srtver me e f s ver cl ms i i m or t e nt r ha an if ald o xha t nitai e dis or e al ai , t s e a o it t frtr s vede e t 'qualfed i ppr prae o ls e ol f ndan s ii mmuniy a g t r ument.Qualfedi s ii mmuniy r ol mos oft t es ves t he cam sw ihoutt ne f rdicove ywher sr s vi exha to m a ne st t a tona dicovey.See42 li t he ed o s r ea e ol ng usin y cesiae ddii l s r U.. j1 9 ec (emit ac utors v camsta,ne ai, e kmo eayrl ffo ad fnd n whoi SC. 9 7 () p r ti o r t eole li h titr la se n tr ei rm ee a t ng e s i n wi u frt e urn e h uto o a miitaierme is. mmu e t t is rq iig x a sin f d nsrt e de) ho v v. ta rl , 5 U. 8 0, 7 1 ( 9 2 , n Ha sLt , 0 F.da 2 5 4 )(e o niig Fiz ead 4 7 S. 0 81 - 8 1 8 ) a d nod d.3 2 3 t 4 - 6 rc g zn t a adsrc c u t oe n ta us isd srto b a j dc tn q lfe i mi b f r h t itit o r d s o b e t icein y du iai g uaiid mmt t e o e y a horzngdic r . ut ii s ovey) 11 1. Quaiidi lfe mmuniype misçgo r ntofi asperor ngdicei r t r t t venme fcil f mi s rtonay f n to s. .t b 1s ile fo la ii f rcv l n g sis fra t i c n uc d e n t u cin . (o e h ed d r m iblt o ii d ma e n o a s her o d t o s o y vi ae cea l esa ihed saut y orc tt i lrg sofwhih ar a ona epe s wo d ol t l ry t bls t t or onsiutona iht c e s bl r on ul ha kno ' Ha l 457 U. a 81 çf eunl wf l s oft a ton mus bea r ntwhen ve wn. row, ' S. t 8. s' -h a une s he c i t ppa e a s se fo tep rp cieo a o j cieyra o a l ofca c a g dwi kn wld eof se sd ' m h e s e tv f n be tv l e s n be fiil h r e t o e g r h e tbls e lw. Lo e v. bns n, 4F.d4 6 4 9( t Ci.1 9 ) Se An e s nv. sa ih d a ' p z Ro i o 91 2 8 , 8 4h r 9 0 . e d ro ' Criht 483U. 635,6 ( 987 (t- si nott s yt ta ofkilaci i pr ece by eg on, S. 40 1 ) Cl s o a ha n t a ton s ot td -hi quaii i lted mmuniy t es t ve y aci i quesi ha pr vi l be n hel unl wf ...but t ml s he r ton n ton s e ousy e d a ul i i t s yt ti t lg ofpr e si 1w t unlwf nes mus bea r n . t s o a ha n he iht i-xitng a he a ul s t ppa e t' ). A . THE S TATUTE OFLI I ONSBARS CLAI S THAT ACCRUED BEF M TATI M ORE SEP TEMBER 29, 2009. Se ton 1 a st sa ut oflm iatonst tt f m sa eus sf ge a c i 983 dopt he tt e i t i ha he onl tt e or ner l P ro a ij r c s s Owe v Ok r, 8 U. 2 5 2 9 5 ( 9 9 .Vigna sa plc b e es n l nu y a e . ns . u e 4 8 S. 3 , 4 - 0 1 8 ) r ii' p ia l saueoflmiai f j 1 a tonsi t yeasa ma bet ld.Se VA. ttt i ttons or 983 ci s wo r nd y ole e CODE jj8. 01 229,- A) W adev.Da kM ed.I . 1 F. 281 289(t Ci.1 )( l ngVigi a' 243( ; ne .nc, 82 3d , 4h r 999 hodi r ni s r l r r nge tbl t lnga ywhe Vigi a' saut oflmiai a i ) Howe r ues egadi quia e oli ppl n r ni s tt e i ttons pples. ve , f de a 1w is l go r t q si ofwhe a c us ofac i a r s Cox v.S a on,529 e r l a te f ve ns he ue ton n a e ton cc ue . t nt F.d 4 , 0(t Ci. 9 ) fd rlc u eo a to a c u swh n th plitf ha G 2 7 5 4 h r 1 75 .A e e a a s f ci n c r e e ç e anif s a t com pl e and pr entcause ofacton''orw hen t pl ntf &can fl s tand obt n r i ' Bay et es i ' he ai if G ie ui ai elef.' Ar aLamdr a Dr Cl a ngPe i TnztFt v. r rCor ofCa . 5 U. 1 201 e t v nd v e ni nson s md Fe ba p. 1, 22 S. 92, (9 7 . 19 ) Pl ntf fl t sj1 3a tonbyde ii t Compl nti t prs malngs tm ai if ied hi 98 ci postng he ai n he ion ii yse o S p e e 29 201 .Se Ho so v. c , 8 U. 2 6, 5( 9 8 ( e cii tep io n e tmb r , 1 e u t n La k 4 7 S. 6 27 1 8 ) d s rbng h rs nmal x r ll Th , n cam t a a c e b f r S p e r2 , 0 9 s ha fa uln i bo ue . us a y li h t c nzd eo e e tmbe 9 2 0 , uc s rud e t i tt i lc r a pl ntf sas i e t s e ton i 1 nsiutona ha ges nd ai if sgnm nt o egr ga i n 999,i ba r d by t z- ar s re he ye sa ut o lm ia i ,a no basst t lt lm ia i pe i a a si t r c d. tt e f i ttons nd i o ol he i ttons rod ppe r n he e or Ac or ng y,de e c di l f ndant a e e il d t qualfe i uniy f a c am a nlng bef r s r ntte o ii d mm t or ny l i cc i oe Se e be 29, ptm r 2009. B. DEFE NDANTS S ' TATEMENTSOR THEI AL R LEGED F LURES T COMPL W I V I NI L S OR AI O Y TH RGI A AW P CI DONOTF A BASSF j1 RE EF. OLI ES ORM I OR 983 LI Pli ifalege t oughoutt Ame d Compl i t tprs of i l s antf l s hr he nde ant ha ion sc as poke dir pe tuly t hi a f l t f l t i own polces A cli t tprs ofk i shave ses c f l o m nd aied o olow her ii . am ha ion t al notf l d a sat sl ,polc e ,o pr e esdoesno sa eac tt i cai . See olowe t e' aws ii s r oc dur t t t onsiutonal l m UntdS ae v. c r s 44 U. 7 , 5 - 5( 9 8 4 c i v. t o Fara VA, 0 F.d ie tts Ca e e , 0 S. 41 7 2 5 1 7 ) Rico Cnv. f ifx. .9 7 2 1 9, 4 9( t Ci.1 9 )( odngt a i saelw g a t mo ep oc d r l ih st a t 45 1 6 4h r 9 0 h li h t f tt a r ns r r e u a rg t h n he Consiutonr quies asae' fiur t a debyt t1w i no af rlduepr s is ) tt i e r , tt s al e o bi ha a s t edea oce s sue . W hen ade e ntm a sc me st tma co tt eve bala eorha a s e , hos f nda ke om nt ha y nsiut r bus r s m nt t e co me sal do notrs t t l ve ofa Ei h Ame m nt one ie o he e l n ght ndme vi a i Se Coli v. nt olton. e lns Ct v 6 3F.d 8 5 8 7( 0hCi.1 7 ) ctdfv rbl t M o d v. o e 8 5F.d8 5 md , 0 2 2 , 2 1 t r 9 9 , ie a o a v q, o y Gr v , 8 2 6 ( t Ci.1 8 )(a l)( n u ls e )(ttn a ag nea r l t t e b l b s o imae b 4h r 9 9 tb e u p bih d saig s e rl ue ha v r a a u e f n ts y g ad , to tmo e d sno saeac nsi to a caml M ors nv. at 7 5F. p . u r s wi u r , oe t tt o tt in l li ; rio M ri 5 su p h u n, 6 3 6 7( D. C.1 9 )(a ) TheCo t u in d e no t r tc a an ta1n r so so 8 , 8 E. N. 9 0 sme . nsi to o s t ç o e t g is 1 itu i n n t p o ' pe c o mid. P tse v. a ih 9 7F. 3 7( s Ci. 9 ) Veb lh r sme ta d nes a e f n ' itlv W rs , 2 2d , 1t r 1 91 . r a aa s n n ' i e t e t t a i a e,e t a e e t ti c us s a i a e f a orem otonala e y,do dl hr a s o n nm t ven o n xt nt ha t a e n nm t e r i nxi t no c tt ean i i ofa i ntfe lbe t i e es.Se .e. , t onsiut nvason ny de ii d i ry ntr t e g.Emm onsv. cLa hln, M ug i 8 4F.d3 , 5 ( t Ci.1 8 )(ttn v r a tr asc u igfa f rp an ifslf aeno a 7 2 51 3 4 6h r 9 9 saig eb lh e t a sn e r o litf ie r t n i fig me t fac n ttto l ih ) Th 1w i ce rt tmeeEh e tniglng g a n rn e n o o si ina rg t. e a s la ha r i rae n a ua e nd u t g su e o (jp n l fie d n t e e i t z, o si t c nsi to a voains' Fih rv. e t rs f a e a o fc r o o , v n f n e c n tt e o tt in l ilto . s e u u ' W oods 373F.Supp.970,973( D.Va.1 .Ac or ngl def nt a ee ildt on, E. 973) c di y, enda s r ntte o qualfe i uniy f t ecli s ii d mm t or hes am . C . PLAI FFDOESNOT DESCRI A VI NTI BE OLATI OF THE FOURTEENTH A M ENDM ENT. ON Pli ifal ge t tClr ,J a ntf le s ha a ke ohns n,Ga m a Ra Rowlte,Re ds M cco Tur r o r n, y, e t ynol , y, ne , a Ta evi a e t rghtt eq lpr e ton by te tng hi dif r nty i B- t n ot r nd t olt d he i o ua ot c i r a i m fe e l n 3 ha he Le ls i aesa ROSP who wer noti B- TheEqua Pr e ton Cl us oft Foure nt ve- nm t t e n 3. l ot c i a e he te h Ame d n p o d st a asaema n tde yt a ypes nwi i is u idcintee u l n me t r vie h t tt y o G n o n ro t n t j rs ito h q a d h pr e tonoft lws' U. Co t n nd. V,j1.El Equa Prtcton Clus ...s otci he a . S. ns. me XI ' é-he l oe i a e i es e ily adie to t ta lpe s smia l st t d s ul bete t d a i ' Ciy of s ntal r ci n ha 1 r ons i lry iua e ho d r a e lke. t ' Clbur v. e neLi naCta473U. 432, 9( 985) Syl aDe Cor v.Cal r Cnt , e ne Clbur vi r, S. 43 1 ; vi v. p. ve t v. 48F. 81 81 (t Ci.1 ) Tosaea eq lpr e tonvi ai apli ifmus alge 3d 0, 8 4h r 995 . tt n ua otci olton, antf t le fcsidc tn t a : 1 p an ifa dasmial st ae , o rtrimaeweete td a t n iai g h t ( ) litf n i lry iu td c mpaao n t r rae difr nty, ( t tt difr tte t ntwast r ul ofi entona dic i nai fe e l and 2) ha he feen r ame he es t nt i l srmi ton. Ari l Hei sv. er HousnaDe Cor ,429U. 252,265( 977) Ve vv.W vc , lngon ght M to. i v. p. S. 1 ; ne he 293F. 726,730( hCi. 2) SeeUnie Blc Fiei esofNorol v. rt 604F. 3d 4t r 200 . td a k r fRhtr f k His, 2d 8 8 ( h Ci.1 (e nii c l or ale tonsofdicrmi tonnots 44, 47 4t r 979) rcog zng oncus y lgai s i nai upporedby t a r e e et pa tc a ac s pr c i e ,o polcesa ei ufi e t sa eacli of ny efr nc o riulr t, a tc s r i i r ns fcint o t t am 8 dici nai unde j 1 .l apl ntf ma t ss wi adee ntmus e tbls t t s rmi ton r 983) f ai if kes hi ho ng, fnda t sa ih ha t alege dipa a e t e t e i tiea ona y r a e t l gii at penol c li t r t .' he l d s r t r a m nt s tr s bl el t d o e tm e ogi a n e es s '' Sha v. ur 532U. 223,225( )( tngTlne v. fev,482U. 78,8 ( 987 w M phv, S. 2001 quoi z r Sal r S. 9 1 :. Pli ifse lpr e ton cai mus f i be aus hee re d t s antf qua otc i l m t al c e xpe ince he ame c tonsof ondii c ni e n i B- a oh rc mp rtri mae i B- .ûll rp r o e o i rs n n a d o fn me t n 3 s te o a ao n ts n 3 iDo u p s s f mp io me t n g paol çheca st whih l i t)beongsc it oft pes nsco i dashewas r e,t ls o c an nmae l onsss he ro nfne c ni e s be t ot esmec n to t whihh wa s be t' M o sv. ak, 8 F.d o fn d, u j c t h n o di ns o c e s u j c .' s Clr 8 6 2 i ' 68 6 ( t Ci.1 8 )( u tn Kpy qv. i dS ae Bd o P r l , 1 U. Ap D. 1 2, 6, 91 4h r 9 9 q o ig c Unt tts . f ao e 1 3 S. p. C. 5 e 3 6F.d7 9 7 2( C. r 1 6 :.S eas Reit Nio 91 F. p . 0 , 3( D. . 0 2 5 , 6 D. Ci. 9 2 e lo ft v. x n, 7 Su p 4 9 41 E. Va 1 9 )(() l h o t emy ido fco sivov di ap r l d cso ,ti dfi ut ob le e 9 6 t ln i t f h ra f a tr n le n ao e e iin i s itc lt eiv i g t tt p io e sc u de e b c nsd rdsmi rystae f rp r osso j d ca rv e o ha wo rs n r o l v r e o ie e i l l i td o u p e f u iil e iw f a u a e u l r tcincam.)(ne a q o ainso te ) Plitf se u l r tcincam n q a p o e to li ' itm l u tto mitd . an if q a p oe to li ' woul alo f i eve i t compa a ori aesi ude a 1Le ls i aesa ROSP.Bd s al n f he r t nm t ncl d 1 ve - nm t t 3 imae r c iet s mete t n a oh rLe e- imae a ROS e e t h yaes b e tt n ts e ev he a rame t s te v ls n ts t P xc p t e r u j c o srp s a c i asrp ca i i t pod,i udi whe e coredfom t s ti e r hes n ti ge nsde he ncl ng n s t r he howe bac t a r ko c l; r hedi rce to c g sn ta j ii a t e imae d no h v idv d a tlvso ; el ae l n e r ai n a e o d onng noh r n t ' o t a e n ii u l ee iins , and wea dif r ntc or d cl hes Prs ofi al deer ned t tLe - i t who a e r fe e ol e ot . ion fci s t mi ha vels nmaes r as i sgnedt B- lkepli if a em or dir ptvea e bi m o ebe vi a pr blm st n o 3, i a ntf, r e s u i nd xhi t r ha or l o e ha ot rLe ls i aes and t ,t a tonals c iym ea tr us d f B- i t ss r e he ve- nm t , hus he ddii e urt sles e or 3 nma e e v l gii t pe ogiali e essofs f y,s cu iy,andr biiai n. SeePr uni rv.M Y i z, e tma e nol c ntr t a et e rt eha lt to oc e ne 41 U. 396,41 ( 974)(e og zngs urt o de,a r ha ltto aelgii t 6 S. 31 rc nii ec iy, r r nd e biiain r e tmae penol ca i eess, mze on ohe goundsbyThor g v. ogi lntr t) ove ld t r r nbur h Abbot,490U. 401 t S. ( 989 ;Ve y,293F. a 732- (e ognii t ne s aydeeenc t prs s ft a 1 ) ne 3d t 33 r c zng he ce s r fr e o ion aey nd s urt .Ac di y,dee nt aeenil t quaiid i ec iy) cor ngl fnda s r tted o lfe mmuniyf pli ifse t or antf qual pr t c i c am s o e ton l i . D . PLAI FFDOESNOT DESCRI A VI NTI BE OLATI OF THE EI ON GHTH A MENDMENT. if eConsiuton doesnotm a t c f ra eprs ,butneihe doe i pe mi s' -h tt i nda e om o tbl ions t r st r t ih ma o s' Fame v. e n n, 1U. 8 , 3 ( 9 4 .TheEih hAme me ts n u ne ne . r r Brn a 51 S. 25 8 2 1 9 ) ' gt nd n ' pr bii on c u la t us lpuni hm e r qui e t tpr s n ofk i l pr de hum a ohi ton r e nd m ua s nt e r s ha i o t a s ovi ne c ndii nso c nfne e .Prs o fcal m us i nsze t ti aesr evea quaef o to f o m nt ion fi i s t t lr ha nm t ec i de t ood, e cl hi s t r a medi lc r ,a ..Sa r s bl mea ur t gua a e t s f t of ot ng, hele , nd ca a e nd . t ke ea ona e s es o r nt e he a e y t imae .'1 (u tn Hu s n v Pame, 6 U. 5 7 5 -7( 9 4:.Th s apanif he n ts' d. q o ig d o . l r 4 8 S. 1 , 262 1 8 ' u , litf mus d s rb a o jci l s ro sd prv to o abai h ma n e a dta ap io o tca t e cie n be t y ei u e iain f sc u n e d n h t rs n fi il ve wa de i r t l i fe e t a i a e' heat ors f t t sa eavi a i oft Ei ht s lbe a ey ndif r nt o n nm t s lh a ey o t t olton he g h Ame me .J a 8 Stiklry, ae s 98 F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 .Dei rt nd nt 4, t 34; rc ç W tr , 9 2d 375, 379 4t r 993) lbeae i fe e er quie asa eacort ha bee pe s l a r off c si cai as t nta ndif r nc e r s tt t o ve n r onaly wa e a t ndi tng ubsa il rs ofs ro ha m ,a t acormus ha acualy r ogni d t e se eofs h ars I ik e i us r nd he t t ve t l ec ze he xit nc uc ik. d. a 8 C e i r t i fe e em a be de t 38. r lbe a e ndif r nc y monsr t d by eihe a t li e orr c e s tae t r cua nt nt e kl s dir gad.'M ite v.Be n,8 F. 848,851( h Ci.1 . se r ' lir or 96 2d 4t r 990) Noneofpli ifsc am ssa ea vi a i oft Ei h Ame m e .Pl i ifdoesnot antf l i tt olton he ght nd nt antf alg a ysg iia tp y ia o e to a ij r rs ligfo a yc alng dc n iin.S e le e n in fc n h sc l r moi n l nu y e utn r m n h l e o dto e e Stiklr 989F. a 1 1(equii a i t t pr eevi nc ofasrousorsgnii nt rc e, 2d t 38 r rng n nmae o oduc de e ei i tca ph ia o e to a ij r r s li fo tec aln e c n iin t s c e do a Eihh ysc l r moi n l nu y e utng r m h h le g d o dto s o u c e n n g t Ame d n cam) Plitf as d e no alg a o j ci l sro d p iaino ab sc n me t li . an if lo o s t le e n be t y eius e rv to f a i ve hum an need. Pl ntf doesnothave any Ei h Am endm entr ghtt a per ai if ght i o sonalt evi i t el son; o s vet i ewe kl t ha ave ia e celdoorm a ofwiemes orse lba s t beho ed ha hrc e y; o ve ntlt d l de r h te r;o us 10 i a pa tc a B- c l t notkne lwhe s kl i a s e ,r r a i ca ors rp- e l n r i ul r 3 el; o e n hac ed n how r ec e ton ge ti c l c ge;a t no bebre l pl c i n bult y r sr nt whie e c t t oughoutt prs a nd o t i fy a ed n m a or e tai s l s ored hr he ion. Pli ifhasa e st at l t a t mer f c t tprs saf,a nota Le - i ae, n antf cc s o oie, nd he e a t ha ion t f nd vels nm t ca tus i doe notvi a e t Ei t A m e m e . The l c ofel c rciy,a s l,ora de k i a B l ht s ol t he gh h nd nt ak e ti t he f s n 3 c l i nota de i ton ofaba i hum a nee Be ng f d t VDOC' Di tLoafi notc ue el s prva i sc n d. i e he S e s r l a unus lpunihm e .See e. ,J nd ua s nt . c. ohns n v.Shea , o.7: 0- vo rN 1 c 00381 2011U. Dit , S. s . LEXI 9 5 0 a * 7 20 1W L 3 0 4 , t* ( . Va Se t 1 2 1 ( sr J)( olcig S 8 5 ,t 1, 1 88 9 9 a 6 W D. . p . , 01 ) Kie, . c l t e n c s shodn t theDitLo fd e no vo aet eEihhAme d n ) Pli t fsd srp in a e lig ha t e a o s t ilt h g t n me t. ani e cito f ofs lng f odor f t bre tmehe i i t ve iae srp s r h ca doesno meli oul s or he i f i s n he ntlt d ti ea c ge t i lc t teEih hAme d n .S e eg, r o v Ca i , 41F. u p. d4 3 4 0( D. mp iae h g t n me t e e ..Bu g s . nno 6 S p 2 4 , 6 E. P . 0 )(-h r i noc s p e e n a r n ap io e j d ca r le u d rt eEihh a 20 9 ûf ee s a e r c de t wadig rs n r u iil eif n e h g t t Ame ntf ha ngt tmporrl e eaba odo .) W eai cot ngwihdif e ndme or vi o e aiy ndur d r'. rng l hi t fernt ' sr pe t n ot rLe l s i a e i a s nota Ei ht Am e t i s ha he ve - nm t s s l o n g h ndm e vi a i Se e c. nt ol ton. e, . , W ila v Oz n , 2 F. u p. d 5 9, 939 ( SC. 01 )( kigs meimae we r lims . mit 7 6 S p 2 8 5 - 4 D. . 2 0 ma n o n ts a pikj mps isi n tc u l n t u lpmih n) Plitf ss g e ain free ny a s n u ut s o r e a d mus a t s me t. an if e r g to o lve e r whieha ng a e st c o hi f l vi cc s o l t ng, ood,s le , e c lc r o doorr c e ton, ee son he tr m di a a e, ut e r a i t lvii pr r mmi a s og n ng, nd howe sdoe no c tt ec u a unus lpt s nt Se .e. ,l Re r s t onsiut r el nd ua mihme . e c. n Long Te m Ad i sr tve Se eg ton ofI a e Desg t a Fi Pe c nt r ,1 F. 464, r m nitai gr a i nm t s i naed s ve r e e s 74 3d 4 2(t Ci. 9 ) Plitf sg nea fa o c nr ci a ile sfo t p io b r e ' 7 4h r 1 99 . an if e r l e r f o ta t n ln s rm he rs n ab rs ng t sbe us t y a e nots e ii d l e ug i a s nots t i ntt s a e a Ei h ool ca e he r t r lze ong no h s l o ufk e o t t n ght Ame d n cam.S e ec, npe v. Tel, F.d58 , 9 ( t Ci.1 9 )(idigta n me t li e . ..S i s De la 95 3 6 5 2 7h r 9 6 fn n h t f and em otonaldit es s f ed f om cont pl tng t r s ofcont actng A I S orany ear i s r s uf er r em a i he i k r i D ot rco he mmunia ediea efist saea Ei hAmendme cai ;Leev.Til n,Ci l c bl s s al o tt n ght nt l ml lma vi 11 AcinNo. 4 08 3 W S C, 00 W L 2 51 7 a * ( D. a S p . 2 2 0 )(ttn ta to 0- 2- - 2 6 71 2 , t 4 S. Al. e t 2 , 0 6 saig h t me ea lga i ofe r le tons xpos et AI t r oss he tts a sa oc c bacera a en ur o DS, ube cul i, pa ii, nd t phyl oc us t i bs t a t l s e ntil s f lt saeaco tttonalcai . A cc di y, plitf f ist sae cua, ubs que lne s ai o tt nsiui l m)6 or ngl anif al o tt avi a i oft Ei h Am e olton he ght ndme ,a def nda sa ee ild t q lfe i nt nd e nt r ntte o uaii d mmuniy f t e t or hes c ai s lm . E. PLAW TI DOESNOT DESCRI A VI FF BE OLATI OF THE FOURTH A M ENDM ENT FOR CLAI SABOUT ON M STRI SEARCHES N0T I VOLVI FEM ALE STAFF. P N NG Pli ifa guest tt fe nc oft srp s a c ,pos i y t t f urtm e pe antf r ha he r que y he ti e r hes sbl wo o o i s r da i u le ona ebe us t y oc ura trpe s y, s rr as bl ca e he c fe r onne viualy s a c hi i a c l a fik l s l e r h m n e l nd rs hi oncei t ofi rsphysc lpr s nc Pli ifalo c m n he fce ' i a e e e. antf s ompl i t ta srp s a c a tra ans ha ti e r h fe s howe i l e onabl be a e s urt sa fwach hi whiehe s r s mr as e c us ec iy t f t m l howe s r. TheFou t Ame e g dsa i tt r a ona es a c sa s i le . U. Cons. rh ndm nt uar gans m e s bl e r he nd eztr s S. t a e I . W hie t Fourh A m e m e a i st l uly c i d pr s r , nm a e ha m nd. V l he t nd nt pple o awf l ontne i one s i t s ve m uc mor lm ied prvac i er s st n t enoti a ce a e Be lv. oli h,441U. 5 h ei t i y nt e t ha hos nc r r t d. l W ts S. 20, 6Plitf cl s iyr ma kst tt s c tonsi B- alo i eaypi landsgnii antha ds psi r ltont an if z orl e r ha he e ondii n 3 s mpos t ca r i tc r hi n eai o t or nay i de sofprs lf . Pl ntf ose i y a tmpt t i he di r nci nt ion ie ai if tnsbl te s o nvokeduepr es pr eci afor dby t oc s ot tons f de he Fouree hAmendme ,bu hema notsaeacl m byr l ngon buz t nt nt t y tt ai eyi zwor ,lbel,orc usons Bel At. ds a s oncl i . l l Co v Two v 5 0U. 5 4, 5 ( 0 ) Mo e v r t c aln e c ndto si B- d n t rsn a m. . mbl, 5 S. 4 5 5 20 7. ro e,he h le g d o i n n 3 o o p ee t n i ay ia, infc n h r s p.S e ea, v rt v S t,1 0F.d5 0 5 3(t Ci.1 9 )( odn t t tpc lsg iia t adhi e s ..Be eai . mi 2 3 0 , 0 4h r 9 7 h lig ha h a nitai s gr ga i f sxmont wih vemi humanwase foodedt lt unbea a ehe t c d f dmi srtve e e ton or i hs t r n; t; l oie; r bl a ; ol ood; dit cot ng,lne ,a beddi l rperodsi c l no outi r c e in; ed a i orr i ouss rvc ; ry l hi i ns nd ng; onge i n el; sde e r ato no uc tonal elgi e ies a dls fo wa n t oay c l st i s sg ika t ad hp .S eas S n i v Co n r51 U. 4 2 48 n e s o d s o s tpia a o mpo e inf n h rs i) e lo a dn . n e, 5 S. 7 , 6 8 (9 )(oligc so il lsi to sdon t r aeamao dsu to i apio e' e vr n n) Plitf' 7 1 95 h dn u tda ca st in ka o ce t j r irpin n rs n rs n io me t. anifs i lt t e r good tm ec edi doe notc tt ec uela unus lpunihm e a doe noti i t a nabiiy o a n i r t s onsiut r nd ua s nt nd s mplcae ny l et itrs.Se Lu e v S ot71F.d1 2 1 39 (t Ci. 9 )(iigMe c u v. n , 27U. 21 , i ry nee t e k n . c t, 3 9 , 9 -4 5h r 1 95 ct b n a h m Fa o 4 S. 5 2 9n. ( 9 6 )(odn t efc o aca st to rd cino tea ii t e ng o -i ce isi to 2 8 1 7 ) h lig he fe t f lsi in e u to n h bly o m' o dtme rdt s o ka t se uaiet c ntmt ad p iaino ap oetdlb ryitrs) De a i v J l o 1 8F S p 2 31 , 2 p c ltv o o si e e rv to f r tce iet neet; Blso . omsn, 2 . u p. d 5 3 9 ( D. . 0 0 (oligimae h v nop oetdl ryitr s i er igas e ii rt o g o c d ttme, E. Va 2 0 ) h dn n ts a e rtce i t neetn ann p cfc ae f o d on uc i ) be afd 1 F Ap x9 (t Ci. 0 ) Ha Be v J l o , 7:5c -0 5 , 0 5U.. s. f', 3 . p' 6 4h r 2 01, mm- v . oms n No. 0 -v0 5 9 2 0 S DitLEXI 4 8 9 a . S 5 9 ,t * - , 0 5 W L 25 0 9, t* ( . Va Oc .l , 0 5 t r , . ( o dn a ima esmo et an w s cliy 56 2 0 63 2 a 2 W D. . t 1 2 0 ) Tu k J) h l ig n n t ' v o e e t t r l landt c nci nglm i t a i ae' pot i t ea ngood c eve he oi di i t o n nm t s ental o r onduc c e tdoesnoti i t albery t r di mplcae i t itrs) S eas W of v. c n el41 U. 5 9, 5 - 8( 9 4 ( l n d p o esirq ie whe sae neet. e lo lf M Do n l 8 S. 3 5 7 5 1 7 ) hodig ue r c s s e urd n tt , otcaska s rs al ryo p o et itrs) f il n ge s i t r r p ry nee t. i be 12 5 5 4 ( 9 9 ; ev. wn , 41F.d 1 1 ,1 1 ( t Ci.1 81 .A p io rg lto t a 4 - 6 1 7 ) Le Do s 6 2 1 7 1 9 4h r 9 ) rs n e u ai n h t e r heson a i a e' Fo t A m e nc oac n nm t s urh ndm e r ghtti va i i i i r as bl r l t d t nt i és ld f t s e ona y e a e o lgii aepenol c li e e t .'Tum er 482 U. a 85.Thus Imus consde E hes ope of e tm t ogi a ntr ss' , S. t , t i r' c t tepat ulritu in t mn ne i whc ii c n u td tej siiainf riiit i, n h ri a n r so ,he n r n ih t s o d ce ,h u tfc to o ntai ta d c ng t plc i whihi i c he a e n c t s onduce ' Bel441U. a 559(iai o te .lmus gi td. l, ' S. t cttons mitd) t ve c i r bl def r ncet prs n ofi i l a i sr tve de ii t tpr ot i tt i na onsde a e e e o i o fc as' dm nita i c sons ha om e nsiuto l s tiy and dicplne.l a 5 48. ecu t si i d. t 47Ifnd t tt feque y oft srp s ar hespl i ifdes rbe i r as bl t pr ve a i ha he r nc he ti e c antf c i s s e ona e o e nt Le - i a e who a te y sa d aco r c i lofi e m uli etm e wih a s nk, r m vels nm t , dmitdl tbbe r e tona fc r tpl i s t ha f o pos e sng c ta nd.N o hi i t r c d s s s i on r ba t ng n he e or upporst concuso t tROSP ofl i l ' t he l i n ha tc a s polc ofco uci aviualsrp s a c whe aLe ls i t e e sorlave ac li a iy nd tng s ti e r h n ve - nma e nt r e s el s n e gge a e r pons be us t s s a che s r a lgii aepe ogi a pur et dis de xa r t d es e ca e he e e r s e ve e tm t nol c l pos o s ua a dic rt s c e i ofco r band orwea nd s ove he e r ton nta ponswhe a i ae i outi hi c l Se n n nm t s sde s el. es ec. Flr nc v.Bd.ofChos n Fr e de s . , oe e e e hol r , - U. S. - , 1 2 S. .1 0( 0 2 (e o nzn t 3 Ct 51 2 1 ) r c g iig he i tntr eviua srp s ac ssr i e urngprs n s c iya s ft ;Rikmanv. mpora ol s l ti e rhe e ve n ns i io e urt nd aeyl c Av nt, 5 F.d3 7( t Ci. 9 8 (p r vngsrps a c e e c tmeaprs n ri a ii 8 4 2 2 9h r 1 8 ) a p o i ti e r h s a h i io e n ad nitai s grgai lf hi cel.Theviualsrp s rhpr dtr usd o a1 Le mi srtve e e ton e t s l) s ti eac oce le e n 1 vels i t sal w sofk e st c k f co r ba on ori t i ewihou r ori t m o e nma e lo t r o hec or nta nd n he nmat t t es tng o r cosl X- a o dange ousphysc c a t Thebe t ofc ty r ys r r ial ont c . neks onduci t srp s a c i t tng he ti e r h n he c ger t rt n s e y i t c l a e t tmor ofi e sca mor cea l s t i t dtrng a a he ha oll n he e l r ha e fc r n e l ry ee he nma e ti t s a c Thes l wi w on ROSP' e ldoor lmi wha onecore tonalofi rc n s he e r h. ma l ndo S el si t t rci fce a ee orheardurng t sear wher t cage pennis m uli e ofk er t st d i f ontand t t i he ch, eas he t tpl t s o ml n r o he sde oft i ae a s et i m a e' e ieunobsr c e body.Thef c t tt viua srp i he nm t nd e he n t s ntr tu td a t ha he s l ti 13 s r h occ si amor t i' a eamonior d by pas wor pr t c e vi o c r st n a ea c ur n e d c' r publ t e s d- o e t d de mne a ha s gr ga i c ldoe nota o e t bls unr as e e ton el s l ne sa ih e onablnes .Se ea. Unied St t v. wa ds e s e. . , t aes Ed r , 6 6F.d 8 7, 8 ( t Ci. 01 )( odigt a t efc asrps a c wa c n u tdi t e 6 3 7 8 3 4h r 2 1 h l n h t h a t ti e r h s o d ce n h mi eofapublc, esde ilsr twasnots tcen t over omeot rBel f t st ddl i r i nta tee ufi i t o c he l acor o c n ld t esrps ac ddn t i lt t F u t Ame d n) Th fc ta maec re to a o cu e h ti e rh i o v oae he o rh n me t. e a t h t l o rcin l pe s nne m a obs r a srp s a c i ofltl c e nce.Se eM. La- e ev.O' in, r o l y e ve ti e r h s ite ons que e. . , nc Bre No. 08-v7: c 00022,2008U. Dit LEXI 415 at*1 1 2008W L 21 S. s. S 46, 6- 7, 99275, t*5( . a W D. Va M a 2 , 0 )t r , . (e o nzn n Fo rhAme me tvo ai no czswhe mae . y 7 2 08 Tu k J) r c g iig o u t nd n ilto c l r n l c r ci lofie sc ore tona fc r onduc aviua srps ac ofamal i t) c di y,de e nt a e t s l ti e rh e nmae.Ac or ngl f nda s r en ild t q lfe i muniy f t ec am s tte o uaiid m t or hes l i . F. PLAI FFDOES DESCRI A VI NTI BE OLATI OF THE FOURTH A MENDM ENT FOR CLAI S ABOUT ON M STRI S P EARCHES W I FEM ALE STAFF PRESEN T. TH Pl ntf a gue t tCl r ,J ai if r s ha ake ohns Ga m a Ra a Rowltea ela e t rt on, r n, y, nd e t r i bl mde he Fou h Ame m e be aus t y c e t d apolcy orpr ci e a horzng srp s a c si t rt nd nt c e he r a e i a tc ut i i ti e r he n he c gewhe e f mal saf c e nty obs r edpl n ifssrp s r hes Pl ntf as a gues a r e e t f ons que l ev aitf ti ea c . ai if lo r t tTur r Ta e, l r,a W rg a e la ebec us t y a l d f m a esa ft obs r hi ha ne , t Gibe t nd i ht r ibl a e he lowe e l t f o e ve s srp s a c si t ca a f l ti e r he n he ge s olows: rgh a Ta esrp s a c d pl i ifon Fe ' l 2, W i t nd t ti e r he antf bl ' ua y 2011 whiea ot t nt c r tona ofi e s i l i t ort 'f m ae ofi e s , l r md we y oreci l fc r ,ncud ng k one wo' e l tc r , wa c d; a ea f l saf wal d pas pli ifwhe Gibe t nduc e asrp s r h on t he m l nd ema e t f ke t antf n l r co t d ti ea c Fe u r 3, 1 a af m aeco eorwa c d Tur ra Ta ec br a y 201 ; nd e l uns l t he ne nd t onduc pl ntf ssrp t ai if ti sa c o J n l , 01 .( Co . !5 , 8 6 . Plitf as alg sta fmaesaf e rh n u e 7 2 1 Am. mpl! 4 5 , 9) an if lo le e h t e l tf obs r edpl i ifi t ca wiho de e nt 'i ve e asf l :af m ae s r a wa ev antf n he ge t ut f nda s nvol m nt olows e l e ge nt s pr e dtrng pl ntf s sr p s a c o J 2,2011; f m al co r c i lofk e wasi a es nt li ai i f t i e r h n une a e e r e tona t r n n 14 ofi e ne rt c durng pl i if s s rp s a c on J 1 2011;a f m a e s a f rw a i Btc a he age i a ntf t i e r h une 0, e l t fe s n 3 du i t srp s r h on J 1 2011; ndt f mal saf we epr s ntdurng pl i ifs rng he ti ea c une 3, a wo e e t f r e e i antf srps ac o J l 7 201 .(d ! 6 , 5 6 , 8)Plitf f rhe alg st tfmaes c rt ti e rh n uy , 1 I . ! 2 6 - 6 6 . an if u t r le e ha e l e u iy s a fi t B- c r t e , hi i a oxi a e y t e y f e f om t s rp- l c ,w o d t f n he 3 ontol ow r w ch s ppr m t l w nt e t r he ti ce l age ul bl h whe pli ifl ke a t m durng hi srp s ar hesbewee Fe ua y a M a 2011 us n antf oo d t he i s ti e c t n br r nd y , buthedoe notaleget ta def nda wa a r off m a esa fi t contolt rwac ng s l ha ny e nt s wa e e l t f n he r owe t hi t esrp sa c e . (d !7 . h ti e r h s7 L= 5) Cl a l esa ihe l i t Fourh Cic tmai anst tundr s e i aesa enott e ry t bls d aw n he t r ui nt i ha e s d nm t r o bevi we by prs saf oft oppost s x whe notr a ona y nec s r Se Le v.Do , e d ion t f he ie e n e s bl es a y. e e wns 6 F.d 1 1 ,1 2 - ( t Ci. 9 )(idn te s n bl n c sa y' oi cud rs n igt 41 2 1 7 1 0 21 4h r 1 81 fn ig û a o a y e e sr 't n l e epo dn o r a exi ntcr tmsance lkemaeofi er e i uihi afr i anake woma scel.Eve n ge icl t , i l tc s xtng s ng ie n d n' l) n Gmll prs n r ae. . nildt j d ca p oe to o terrg t fp ia yd ne byt e t ae io es r . e t e o u iil r tcin f h i ih o rv c e id h l t pr e eoff m a eg r sa i d i postonst obs r t m e whieundr s d orusng es nc e l ua ds ttone n ii o e ve he n l es e i t lt.'1 a 11 SeeCane v,Boadma 1 F. 1 1 (t Ci.1 (r sge r oies' d. t 20. dy r n, 6 3d 83, 87 7h r 994) cos - nde srp s r hesofi a e orr gulre ti ea c nm t s e a xposzeofnude i t st gua dsoft oppost s x lr nma e o r he ie e vi ae i ts'prvac rght) olts nmae i y i s. Not ng i t r c d pr e l a e s swhy t f m a ea nita i a s c t hi n he e or es nty ddr s e he e l dmi sr tve nd e miy saf we epr s nti t pod orwa c ng pli ifssrp s ar h orwhehe t i pr e ewa a t f r e e n he t hi a ntf ti e c t r her es nc s r u ieo a io ae icd n .S eTi v Gu tr 91 F.d 1 9 (t Ci.9 0 o tn r n s ltd n i e t e mm . n e, 7 2 0 3 8h r1 9 ) ( itn us n b t e mii la dc nsa t itu i eco sg n e o e v to ) Plitf d sig ihig ewe n nma n o tn ,nr sv r s - e d r bsr ain . an if aleg t tbot ma ea f ma esa fwe e i B- on Fe u r 2 a 3 a J 1 2011 l es ha h l nd e l tf r n 3 br a y nd nd une 7, , whi coul i cat t m al saf w er pr entw ihouta r onabl need f f al s af t be ch d ndi e hat e t f e es t eas e or em e t f o 7Pl ntf doesno al e a Fourh Ame ai if t leg ny t ndme camsi vi f maesa fagans Re dsorM c y. nt li nvol ng e l tf i t ynol co 15 wac ngpl ntf' r tnesrps arhe .Viwi t pes ctvesmos fvorbl t pli it thi ai ifs oui ti e c s e ng he rpe i t a a y o antfl pl i ifde c i avi a i oft Fourh Amendmentwhe pl ntf obs v d f m ae sa f antf s rbes ol ton he t n ai if er e e l t f wa c nghi srp s r heswihou r s na ene es iy. SeeJ t n LeeX v. a n, 91 t hi s ti ea c t t ea o bl c st onaha Br de No. - 6 3 ,1 9 U. Ap LEXI 2 6 9 a * -0, 9 4 W L 41 8 , t* ( t Ci.1 9 )(idng 3 5 9 4 S. p. S 0 6 , t 81 1 9 08 8 a 3 4h r 9 4 fn i t pl ntf salegai t taf m a eofk e wache hi srp s r h i am at rwihi hi he ai if l ton ha e l t r t d s ti ea c s te t n s p ro a k o e g a di s fiin t saeacam f rrle Ne e tee s p an ifmus e s n l n wld e n s u fce t o tt li o eig. v rh ls , litf t r a et f mal saf sobs r a i t s epe s la to o ison by def nt . elt he e e t f e v tons o om r ona c r m s i enda s Pl ntf f ist sae ac am ofs r ior la lt acans Clr J ms Ga ma ai if al o t t l i upe vs v i biiv i t a kes ol on. r n, Ray.a Rowl tef f mal saf o e vi hi srp s r he . nd e t or e e t f bs r ng s ti ea c s A s r s maybela e f raco tt i lde i ton t r i i a tr ai l upe vior i bl o nsiutona prva i s e t s fim tvey whe s o t a t eo fca c a g da tdp ro al i t ed p i aino teplitf srg tgl' h wn h t h fiil h r e ce e s n l n h e rv to f h anif ih s,' y Vin d ev Gi b , 5 F.d9 6 9 (t Ci. 9 7 , ras b r i t a tdp ru n t o t a n e c . b s 5 0 2 2 , 28 4 h r 1 9 ) o u o dnae ce u s a t o f l ki p lc o c tm t c us ted p iain, h w v. to d 1 F.d7 , 9 ( t Ci.1 9 ) To oiy r uso o a e h e rv to S a Sr u , 3 3 91 7 9 4h r 9 4 . h l as pevs rl befras b r iaesa tpli tf mu ts o t t 1 t es p r io ha o d u r io i l o u o dn t ' c, anif s h w ha: ) h u e vs r d a acualorc tu tveknowldget ta s di t wa e ge i c t onsr c i e ha ubor na e s nga d n onduc t tpos d ça t ha e $ p r a iea u r a o a l rs 'o c n ttto a ij r t p o l l tepanif ( ) h e v sv nd n e s n b e ik' f o si in lnu y o e pe i h litf; 2 t e u ke s r iorsr s et t knowl upe v s ' e pons o hat edgewa s i de t ast s s o na qua e o how t i r t i fe e t i be ae ndif r nce o del ortcta horzai oft algedo fnsvepr cies'a ( t t r wa a tafr tve a i ut i ton he le fe i a tc '; nd 3) hathee s n ûfimai c u a l l ' ewe ntes pevs rsia to a dt ep riua c nsi to a ij r s fe e b a s l ik'b t e h u r io ' n cin n h a t lr o tt in lnu y u fr d y r c u t plitf.1 Se M onelv. p' ofSoc Se v .436U. 658 663n. ( 978 ( di he anif d. e l De t . r s, S. , 7 1 ) hol ng s pevior la lt unde j 1 mayno bepr c tdont t r ofr s nde ts ror. u r s y ibiiy r 983 t ediae he heo y epo a upei ) To stsyt er q rme t o t frt lme taplitf mus e tb ih: 1 t s pe vs rs aif h e uie n s f he s ee n, anif t sa ls ( ) he u r io ' k o e g o ( )c nd te g g d i b as b r i t ( )wh r t ec n u po e ap r a ie n wld e f 2 o uc n a e n y u o dnae 3 ee h o d d s s e v sv 1 6 a u r a o bers o c n t uina ij r t t panif a a v. re, 3 F.d3 8 nd n e s na l ik f o si to l nu y o he litf.Slk n Po tr 7 7 2 6 , t 373( hCi.1 4) Esa ihi aé r asve'a tmra ona e'ik ofha r uies 4t r 98 . tbls ng i v i ' nd s e s bl'rs pe t nu eq r e de e t tt co vi nc ha he nduc i w i pr d,ora l as ha be n us d on s ve a dif r ntoc s ons t s des ea te t s e e e r l fe e ca i a t tt c nd ha he onduc e t ngage i by t s di t pos sa unr s na e rs ofhmn o dn he ubor na e e n ea o bl ik n f c n ttto a ijzy J a 3 3 7 . o siuin ln l . #. t 7 - 4 r Not ng i t r cor s rss r s y la lt c am st hi n he e d uppo t upe vior i biiy l i mderSha aga ns Cl , w i t mke J hns Gn ma Ra a Rowl te.Pl n ifdoesnots ii a l de c i apolcy o pr c ie o on, r n, y, nd e t aitf pecfc ly s rbe i r a tc bu me ey r leson r i a l tz t co udet ts h a polc orpr c i ee ss See t r l ei es ps oquilr o ncl ha uc iy a tc xit . Two l, 5 U. a 5 (e urngab ssf rrle t c n ito mo eta lb l a d mby 5 0 S. t 55 r q ii a i o eif o o ss f r h n a es n c l ins.Furhe mor pli ifdoesnotalget tfmaesafobsr dpl ntf' srp oncuso ) t r e, antf le ha e l tf eve ai ifs ti s r hesptrua t Clr ,J ms Ga ma Ra orRowlte' polc orpr c ie. M or ve , ea c ls nt o a ke ol on, r n, y, e t s iy a tc eo r pli tf doesnotal get tCl r J a n if le ha a ke, ohns Ga ma Ra orRowltewe e a r t ta on, r n, y, et r wa e ha ny f mal saf e rwa c d pli ifssrp s a c sort tmal saf pe mitd f mal sa ft e e t f ve t he antf ti e r he ha e t f r te e e t f o obs r t s r hes Not bl pl i ifdoe notaleget tCl ke J e ve he ea c . a y, antf s l ha ar , ohns n,Gn n, o nna Ray,a nd Rowlte' polcy orpr c i et rr uie ore our ged f m ae sa ft wa c srp s ar he i et s i a tce ihe eq r d nc a e l t f o t h ti e c s n B- Fi ly,pl ntf doe no s t inty al get tClr J m s Ga man,Ra or 3. na l ai if s t ufk e l le ha a ke, ol on, r y, Rowltepes lyde i dpl ntf ofacvirght Se j ss me .Acc di y,Clr et ronal prve ai if i l i . e . (n ) ; or ngl ake, J hns Gn ma Ra a Ro e t a e e il t qua ii i uniy f t ecli s o on, r n, y, nd wl te r ntted o lfed mm t or hes am . Pli ifsa e c am sofbysande la lt agans Tlr r Ta e.Gibe t a W rg or antf tt s l i t r i biiy i t lne s t l r. nd i htf al nc f mal sa ft obs r pli ifwhe Tt e .TaesGibe t a W rc lowi e e t f o e ve antf n mz r t l r. nd iht c onduc e srp s ar hes t d ti e c . A cor ci lofi erma belabl onat r ofbysa rla lt i t ofker $() re tona tc y i e heo y tnde ibiiy f he t :t1 knowst af l ofie i vi ai a i vi lsc tt i lrg s'2)hasar a ona e hat elow fc r s oltng n ndi dua' onsiutona iht , ( e s bl o tmiyt prve tt ham;a ( choos no t ac. Ra l v.Prnc Geor sCnt . pport t o e n he r nd 3) es t o t' ndal i e ' ce' y. 17 M d, 0 F.d 1 8 2 4( t Ci. 0 2 .S eW il v Oa e , 9 F. u p.d 7 6, 8 ( . .3 2 3 8 , 0 4h r 2 0 ) e li . k s 4 3 S p z 7 7 4 W D. s Va 2 0 )( oi apanifmu t r v avo ain o ac n t uina rg ta ap e e u st t .07 nt ng li tf s p o e ilto f o si to l ih s r rq iie o t esa ihi bysande la lt .Viwi i ernc i alg mos fvo a et pli if tbls ng t r ibiiy) e ng nf e es n iht t a r bl o antf, Tur r Ta e Gibe t a W rg woul ha bee a r t tf m ae saf we epr e i Bne , t , l r, nd i ht d ve n wa e ha e l t f r es nt n 3 a obs r i pli if ssrp s r heson Fe a y 2 a 3 a J 17, 1 i vi ai oft nd e v ng antf ti ea c bnzr nd nd une 201 , n ol ton he Fourh Ame e ,a t tTur r Ta e Giber,a W rghtcoul ha r as bl pr ve e t ndm nt nd ha ne , t , l t nd i d ve e ona y e nt d t ha m by delyi t srp s a c untlf e saf lf t ar aorm ove t t rg sdeof he r a ng he ti e r h i emal t f e t he e d o he i ht i t c ge whe epl ntf' ge t swe ehi he a r ai ifs nial r dden fom vi w. SeeRa l 302 F. a 204 1. r e ndal, 3d t 123 (e o nzn b tn e la l yi n t i tdt e c si f recams.Ba e o t lb rl rc g ii g ysa d r ibit s o lmi o x e sve o c li ) sd n he i ea i e c t u ton and pe s c i pr e l af o de t pl i ifa t c r nta e ofa onsr c i r pe tves es nty f r d o a ntf nd he ur e bs nce r as bl nec s iy f f e ona e e st or emal sa ft bepr e ,pl ntf scli ofbysa rla lt a ns e tf o es nt ai if a ms t nde ibiiy gai t Tt lr Ta e Gibe t a W rghtar s fc e t ove c ede e nt 'def ns ofqualfed m e , t , l r, nd i e ufi i nt o r om f nda s e e ii 1nr trll. r n lltr IV . Fo tefr g igr a o s I n d fnd n s mo inf rsl r u g n a t r h o e on e s n , de y ee a t ' to o l mmayj d me t s o pl i ifsFourh Am e antf t ndme c am sf bysa rla lt a i tTur r Tae,Gibe t a nt l i or tnde ibiiy gans ne s t l r, nd W rghtf srp s a c on Fe ua y2 a 3 a J 1 2011 wih f m ae sa fpr e a i or ti e r hes br r nd nd une 7, , t e l t f es nt nd gr ntt m oto a t a 1ot cai s Ther mai ng de e nt a edie t d t tl wihi a he i n s o 1 her l m . e ni f nda s r r c e o ie t n f ry-i ed ysamoin frs mma yj d me ts p o tdb a fd vt a d e sn a y o t fv a to o u r u g n u p re y fi a is d r sig n afima i def ns a t m e isofpli ifsr m ani Fou h Am e fr tve e e nd he rt antf e i ng rt ndmentcli s Pli if am . antf s l i or c ms f de e nt,nott cour,wihi tn da o t sOr rwha s cii ha l nf m ot el or f nda s he t t n e ys f hi de t pe fc pers onalpr opert f om hi poss i atRO SP i r evantt t rem ai ng Foulh A m endm ent y r s essons s el o he ni ' t camsa i n c sayt rs o dt d fn a t'frh o n moi nf rs mma yj d me t li nd s e e s r o e p n o e e d n s o tc mi g to o u r u g n . 18 De e nt s d e avort pr d s m et ofr as bl ac es t t s cii r a e f nda s houl nde o ovi e o ype e ona e c s o he pe fc, elt d ma e i l a pl i ifs d ende vort a ce sl ga r s c a hi pr s ntplceof t ra, nd antf houl a o c s e l e our es t s e e a c i me . Ino et ts nci nswilr s ti pl ntf doe no pr e i g f ih a onfne nt t ha a to l e ul f ai if s t oce d n ood at nd i t d pr ee i am n rt ti ve tousorm a ii .Pl ntf sm o i n f ran or rt nsea oc ds n nne ha s xa i lcous ai if to o de o ta frp o e t i ds se wih u p eu ie rnse r p ry s imis d t o t rj dc . TheCl r i die t t s nd c e oft sM e o a l Opi on a t a compa ng e k s r c ed o e opi s hi m r ndtm ni nd he c nyi Or rt pli ifa c de o a ntf nd ouns ofr c d f de e el e or or f ndan s t. ENTER: i 1 = d yo Mac 2 3. Ths, a f rh, 01 ) Se rUnie St t sDltitJ e ni t d a e src udg 19
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