Martin v. Yokohama Tire Corporation, No. 7:2011cv00467 - Document 17 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 11/12/13. (med)
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CLERK' OFFI U.s.DI . S CE ST COURT ATROANO KE, VA FIED L I TH E UN I N TED STATE S D I STR I T C O U RT C FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A R O AN OK E DI I O N V SI N0V 122 1 23 JUL BY; , UDL M CL E ERK PUW CL ERK HARVEY L.M ARTI JR. N, , Pli ? ant V. Ci lAc i No.7: CVvi ton 11- 00244 Ci lA c i N o.7: CV vi ton 11- 00467 M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI YO K O H AM A TI E C O RPO R ATI N , R O De ndant fe . By:H on. Jam e C.Tur s k Seni Unie St esDit i tJudge or t d at src P an ifHa v yL. a t , r (t antf ' r6 a t ' ,ie t spaaea to a an t litf r e M ri J. t i if o ( ri ' fld wo e rt cins g is n pl M n) hsf r re o e,Yo o a TieCo p rto (Yo o n ' a d t o e a to sh v be n i o me mply r k h ma r r o ain t k h ma), n h s cin a e e ç c n oiae it Cii Aci n No.7: 1c - 4 .I hi t ( w c ns ld td c mp an s o s l td no v l to d 1 -v 2 4 n s wo no o o iae ) o lit, M a tn r iest e dititcli .Fis,he c am she i a no e mpte oye unde t Fai ri a s hr e src a ms rt li s n- xe mpl e r he r La St r Ac,29 U. C.jj20121 (t bor andads t S. - 9$ FLSA',a t tYokoha vi ae t FLSA ' nd ha ) ma oltd he whe i f ie t pa hi ove tm e f hour he r ul ry wor d a n t a ld o y m ri or s eg a l ke bove f ry hotr pe we k. ot ls r e See ECF N o. 8. Hi s c j s e ond a t r cl i s a s r vi a i oft A m e i a w ih Di a ltes nd hi d a m s e t ol tons he r c ns t s biii Ac,42 U. C.jj 1 01 1 3.Spect ly,he ale t ht s fr fom t dia lt of t S. 21 - 221 ikal lges hat ufe s r he sbiiy dibee andase t t t( )Yokoha fie t ac ommodaehi dia lt a ( Yokoha a ts s rs ha 1 ma ald o e t s s biiy; nd 2) ma consr tvey dic r d hi i vi a i oft ADA .See ce r lv,ECF No.1 s e a s ECF tuci l s ha ge m n olton he ne a l ; e lo No 3 a 20 41( litf' o po iint s mmayj d me t. . 4 t - P an ifs p sto o u r u g n) Pe dng b f r te Co r i Yo o a ' mo in frs mmay j d me ta t a1tr e n i eo e h u t s k h mas to o u r u g n s o 1 h e cli s ECF No.32.Yokoha a fr tco e t t M a tn i a e m pte pl e unde t am . m is nt nds ha ri s n xe m oye r he 1 U nl ot rwie not d, a1d ke rfr nc sCG No. ' a et e tisi Ci lAcinNo. ess he s e l oc t ee e e ECF ' r o nre n vi to ) 7: 1- 244.Addii l i lghtoft prorcons i ton oft e cas ,Ci lAc i No.7: l cv1 cvtonaly, n i he i olda i hes es vi ton 1 - 467 i her adm i sr i y cl ed.Fr t dat oft s Opi on and a tched Or ,al docum ent i t s eby nitatvel os om he e hi ni ta der l s n he cas s lbe fl onl i 7: 1- 244. e hal ied y n 1 cv- FLSA and t i note ild t o ri epa Ast hi ADA cai ,Yo hus s ntte o ve tm y. o s l ms koha a de e t ti m ni s ha t f ie t ac om moda e M a tn' dia lt and f rhe de e t t he was c tuci l a ld o c t ri s s biiy u t r nis ha onsr tvey dio g i vi ai oft ADA.M a tn tl a r po e i opposton t t m o i ECF s hr ed n olton he ri ied es ns n ii o he ton, ' No.34,a Yokoha a fl a r pl ECF No.35.The Cour he r or la g e on Se e r nd m ied e y. t a d a r um nt pt mbe 26#201 , a t ma tr i now rpe f diposto z Fort f l wi r s ns De e nts 3 nd he te s i or s ii n. he olo ng ea o , f nda ' M oton f r Sum m a y J m e , ECF N o. 32, i G M N TED I PA R T and DEN I i o r udg nt s N ED I N PART.l i GRANTED a t a lofM a tn' cli e e hi cai t tYokoha a f ie t ts so 1 ri s a ms xc pt s l m ha m al d o a c moda ehi dia lt a i DENI a t t tc am . c om t s s biiy, nd s ED s o ha l i 1. Fact Background ual Yokoha aTie Cor a i i t Norh Ame i n ma acurng a ma kei n m of m r por ton s he t rca nuf t i nd r tng r a J nes cor a i a i e pl a oxi t l 1 apa e por ton nd t m oys ppr ma ey 000 e oyee a istr m a a t i mpl s t t ie nuf curng fciiy i Sae Vigi a.ECF No.33- Holada De .!! 2- The houry pr ton a a lt n lm, r ni 6, l y cl 3. l oduci nd m ant na e oye a Yokohn a a e r pr s nt d by t Unie St l ke s Loc Uni i e nce mpl es t m r e ee e he td eewor r , al on No. 1 (ihe Uni ' a a coleci bagani ag e me bewee t Uni a 023 ç t on' nd ) l tve r i ng r e nt t n he on nd Yokohn hase se f t e ietmeM a tnha be nemplyedt r J-!3. ma xitd or he ntr i ri s e o hee... 1 J M a tn wa hied by Yokohn ai 1999asaTiePr s Ope aora wor i anum be ri s r m n r e s r t nd ked n r ofdif r nthoury postonswih Yokohn auntl2003,m os oft m i Di son 1 ECF No. fe e l ii t m i t he n vii 00. us 33- M a tn Dep.a 30- 2. on Aug t7, 2003,he wa pr 1, ri t 3 3 s omot t t poston ofPe s ed o he ii ronnel Supe v s i Di so 1 whi h wa t poston hehed t i t tm eher i ne on Ocober r ior n vii n 00, c s he ii l mtl he i esg d t 2 The Cour has alo consder t Ocober 1 201 l t fom M ari s c elm or f l t s i ed he t 3 eter r tn' ouns e uly , s em e i hi r uppl ntng s espons t aquesi oft Courtatar ent ECF N o.38,a Yokohama' l t i eo ton he gum , nd s eter n r pons ECF N o.40,aswel ast a ended,cor e e e bisfl by Yokohama on Oc ober2,2013. es e, l he m r ct d xhi t ied t ECF No.39. 3 Neiherpary haspr ded t entr y ofM ari sde ii i t , e pt can be f t t ovi he iet tn' poston; nsead xcer s ound a t ECF Nos 33-1 33- 33- 4, a 34-1.Thes exhi t a e c l tvel r e r t her n as SM ari . , 13, 1 nd e bis r olec i y ef r ed o ei i tn Dep.' ' 2 1 2009. 9, Yokoha te t isPe s t e Supe v s sa s lre e pl s a c itntwih ma r a ed t r om l r ior s aa i d m oyee , nd onsse t t s M a tn waspai on a s l r basswhiehe he dt sposto hi, ri d aay i l l hi ii n. A. M artn' Job Dut e i s is The naur ofM a tn' poston a hi dute a e r e t e ri s ii nd s i s r elvantt hi FLSA c am a s ar o s l i nd o e di cus e i t c e of a l i t t cl i , s e i r a Sec i n I . ,but t Co t a s s s d n he ont xt na yz ng ha a m e nf a t to 1B he ur l o des i hi ge r dutes he e.M a tn' ove al r s crbes s ne al i r ri s r l e ponsbiiy was t diec t wo k of a l i lt o r t he r l houry e oye i Di so 1 on hi s f- whih woul t c ly be s ve t t n l mpl es n vii n 00 s hit c d ypi a l e n o e empl s a t tt be a co a e f pr ton a qua iy i Di son 1 on hi s f. oyee - nd ha o c unt bl or oduc i nd lt n vii 00 s hit Hee plie t a h smanj b wa ûoke pt ema hn l)r n ig a dr p r a yp o lmst x an d h t i i o s t e h c ie s u nn n e o t n r b e o t upperma nage t' M a tn De a 37- Tha i,he wasr po i e f m a ng s e al t men . ri p. t 41. t s ' es nsbl or ki ur l he equi nt was ope atng pr ry,a d lng wih any o r tona pr e t ta os For pme r i ope l nd eai t pe a i l obl ms ha r e. e mpl ,he ha t e ur t pr ri nt y l l ofm a e i s f rt s f,dee ne how xa e d o ns e he ope nve or eves t ral o he hit tnni m uc ma e i he ne ded a how ma ba c t nm,m a sle t tt empl s i hi h t ral e nd ny t hes o ke tr ha he oyee n s di son we e o t equi e t we e s vii r n he pm nt hey r uppos d t be on,a r as i e pl est c r e o nd e sgn m oye o ove f a e e pl es H e pr de r por s e r t o ho ls t hi s r s r r r ng or bs nt m oye . ovi d e t ve y w tr o s upe vi o s ega di pr ton num be s a a t e ofe c s f he pr vi d a tnalr por o pr uci n a oduc i r , nd t he nd a h hit o de i e t n od to nd woul atndapr tonme tngwiht ohe s r ior.Ll a 37- ;52d te oduci ei t he t r upe vs s ta t 41 56. A ddii l he wast s d w ih e mi t tnew e pl yee w e e t a ned ori t c i tonaly, a ke t ns ng ha m o s r ri ns nl tng t m on how t opert ma hi s J- a 5758.He alo r n mont y s ey drls f hi he o ae c ne . #, t s a hl aft il or s e oyee anddic s s ft is wiht m.daat5152. mpl s s used aey sues t he L. B. Event M ar i A le s W er D i c m i i i V i aton ofH i R i s U nder s tn l ge e s ri naton n ol i s ght t A m eri be cansw ih D i abii i A ct t s ltes M a tn w a di nos w ih di be e i N ove be 2008 a Y okohn a doe notar ri s ag ed t a t s n m r , nd m s gue t M a tn' di be esdi notc tt e a di a lt u rt A D A .Se ECF N o.33,a 23- l hat r i s a t d ons iut s biiy nde he e t 33. t i lke s undi put d t ta l s s e of M a tn' s r i or knew ofhi di be es A s not s i wi e s e ha t ea t om r i s upe v s s s a t . ed, he c am s t t Yokohn dic i nae a i t hi be us of hi dia lt m a ng hi l i ha ma s rmi td ga ns m ca e s s biiy, ki s wo ki e r nm t s hosie t t he wa c t c i l d s hrged.He as cam s t t r ng nvio nt o tl ha s onsru tvey i c lo li ha Yokohama f ie t ac om moda e hi dia lt He r i on a numberofdif e i de si a ld o c t s s biiy. eles fer nt nci nt n s uppo tofhi c ai , di c s b ow . r s l m as s us ed el 1. M ar i A pple For and l N ot Se ec e f a D if e Super s y tn is s l t d or f er nt vi or Poston ii On J y 21 2009,Yokoha aposed a va anc f a Di ii 400 Tecmi a Supe or ul , m t c y or v son l cl nis poston.ECF No.33- Holada Dec.! 1 M atn a id f t poston,bu he di no ii 6, l y l 2. ri pple or he ii t d t r evei.I t a Yokohn as l ced a he PeronnelSupe v s who wasm o ef m ii wih ec i t nse d, m e e t not r s r ior r a lar t Diii n 40 a d h d s e tt mao i o hi c re i t tDiiin,a d tu wa d e d v so 0 n a p n he j rt f s ae r n ha v so n h s s e me y mo e q aiid t a M a t J= s e as ECF No 3 - 0 ! 2 4 6 ( e lr to o J s p r u lfe h t ri #. e lo n. ; . 3 1 ! , , d caain f o e h Gal he , who made t de ii t hie t ot r i viua) M a tn co e t t lag r he cson o r he he ndi d l. ri ntnds ha Yokoha a' f iur t pr m s a l e o omot hi t t poston co tt e a f l e t a co moda e hi e m o he ii nsiut d aiur o c m t s dia lt Spe fcal he cli st tt Di son 400 poston woul ha a l d hi mor s biiy. cii ly, am ha he vii ii d ve lowe m e r a mea tmes a br ks t e t whi he s woul ha alowe hi t mor e iy egulr li nd ea o a , ch ays d ve l d m o e asl co r hi di be e .ECF N o. a 26. nt ol s a t s 34 t Yokohn a poi s t s ver l t s e f c s t t unde m i M a tn' cli t t is m nt o e a mdiput d a t ha r ne ri s am ha t f iur t pr o e hi wa s e a l e o om t m s om how a f iur t ac omm odae.Fis,M a tn ad itd i hi al e o c t r t ri m te n s de ii t the w a notm or qua ii t n t pe s t tw a s l c e M a tn D e a 234poston ha s e lfed ha he r on ha s e e t d. r i p. t 35.Se ond,i i undi put t t t pe s who m a t pr oton de i i di no know c ts s ed ha he r on de he om i c s on d t M a tn ha dibees ECF No.33-0,Galag rDe l ! 5.Thid,t r i no tsi ny t t ri d a t . 1 l he c. r hee s etmo ha M a tn e r i or e a ri ve nf m d nyone dlrng t co s of s e ng t tpr zi he ur e e ki ha omoton t the nee d t i ha de he posto a a ac mmodain,ort ti woul hep hi t betrma gehi dibee .CE j. iin s n co to ha t d l m o te na s a ts ls 4 ( a tnt tf ngM a tn C ri ome met thewa rquesi t postoni Di son400 M ri esiyi ri t neve nf r d ha s e tng he ii n vii a an a omm odai ' a ç ve r ie a is e r l t t hi heat di bees or a s cc ton' nd s r a s d ny s u e aed o s lh a t , ne ny a ommodai hemi nee et rdu i t a iai ori evi pr s' ECF No.33cc ton ght d, ihe rng he pplc ton ntr ew oce s); 6,Hola De l ! 1 (ttng t tM a tn neve i or Holada Yokoha s Hu n lday c. 3 sai ha ri r nf med l yma' ma Re our e M a ge - t the w as r ques i t poston i D i son 400 a a a com m oda i s c s na r ha e tng he ii n vi i s n c ton f hi dibee ) or s a ts. 2. C om m e s M ade To H i By Supe i or R e nt m rv s s gardi H i I l s ng s lne s M a tn a s cai t t hi s r i o s ma de og t y c ri lo l ms ha s upe v s r de r a or omm e t t hi r l c i n s o m efe tng ani mus a ns hi bec us of hi diabiiy.Fis,i J y 2009,M a tn was i a pr ton gai t m a e s s lt rt n ul ri n oduc i m e tng wih Ri ha d Swize ,who wast Pr ton M a ge ,a i or d Swize t the ei t c r t r he oduc i na r nd nf me t r ha wa ha ng dif uly s ei t boa d a e re i bl r vi i due t hi dibe es s vi fk t e ng he r nd xpe i ncng ured son o s a t . Swize i i c e 'hi i fo oft ot e o s m a ng c me ss h as ç u m us t r d diul d' m n r nt he her mpl yee , ki om nt uc , % r Yo t g tga s si y u wa tt k e y u j b. Lae,S te s i,S o ty u p o u t n n mb r, e lse f o n o e p o r o ' tr wi r ad ç u o r r d ci u e s ' z Ab o di you ea your l h t y?' M ari i e r t d t l te c m e as i pl ng t t M a tn' d t unc oda ' tn nt p e e he a t r om nt m yi ha ri s pr ton numbe sdi d i r lton t hi dibe i co to W he M a tn i or e Swize oduc i r ppe n ea i o s a tc ndii n. n ri nf m d t r he ha t ea fe nty bec us ofhi dibees Swiz rr ple E don' gve a f k whehe d o t r que l a e s a t , t e e i d, 1 I t i uc t r youea ornot'M atnDec. 9'M a tnDe a 21 t . ri ' l! , ri p. t 4. I a ton t t s i i t , M a tn alo poi st aco me m a by Kik W ohlor 4 n ddii o he e nc den s ri s nt o m nt de r f d, afe M ari ha us sc l ve i Se e r2009. co di t M a tn,W ohlor t d M a tn tr tn d ed ik ea n pt mbe Ac r ng o ri f d ol ri t the c d no mi sa mor tme fom wor f a r as a t n s i û e a1 ge sck ha oul t s ny e i r k or ny e on nd he a d, t W l ti a we com e t wor The onl e us f m i s ng w or aga n i i you a e i t hos t l' nd o k. y xc e or s i k i s f r n he pia . ' M a tnDec. 1 ri l! 7. 4 I 2009, M ari r t t Ri Siva,who r td t W ohlor ECF No.34- Siva Dep.at n tn epored o ck l epore o f d. 9, l 89. I a ton t t e i i t ,M a tn a s t s ii d t t on Se e be 1 2009,he w e t n ddii o hes nc den s r i l o e tf e ha , pt m r 4, n t huma r our est r s FM LA l ve,a s o n es c o eque t ea nd poke wih Kahy Ga ,who i a s c e a y t t t bel s e rtr o Hola y i t HR de rment Ac or ng t M a tn' de ii t tmony,Ga li or e l da n he pa t . c di o ri s poston esi be nf m d hi t s l id pe s m hat aare r onnelwe e note ild t FM LA l ve.M a tn i it t thene ded t r ntte o ea ri nssed ha e o s hi doc or ,a Ga ga hi t f m s butt d hi t tç twoul do no good. M a tn ee s t s nd bel ve m he or , ol m ha d i d ' ri ' De a 204- M a tn a r t the r pe t d t Siva wha ha oc ur e wih Ga .M a tn p. t 25. ri ve s ha e ae o l t d c rd t bel ri De l! 1 . a t h sn ta s re acam u d rt eFa l a M e ia Le veAc, o v r c . 8 M ri a o se td li n e h miy nd d c l a n th we e . 3. M ar i s R e s s f Ti e O f f I l s and Doct A ppoi m e s tn' que t or m f or lnes or nt nt i A ugus and Septem ber 2009 n t On Augus 26,27,a 28,2009,M a tn c d no a tnd hi r gulry s hed e s fs t nd ri oul t te s e a l c ul d hit bec us he wasi1due t hi di be e .Afe a docorsa nt nto Aug t26,2009 het d a e 1 o s a t s tr t ' ppoi me n us , ol hi s r s ,Ri Siva t t he wo d have t be out t r i r of t wee Siva s upe vior ck l , ha ul o he ema nde he k. l i onne hi t obt n a doc o ' exc e a pr vi i t W ohlor On Augus 27,2009, nf d m o ai t r s us nd o de t o f d. t M ari r c ve a t l tn e ei d e ephone c l fom W o f d i ui i a t whe he pl nne on r t ni t al r hlor nq rng s o n a d e ur ng o wor M a tn t d hi he had ar ady r pored t i onuai t Siva b ga W o f d t k. ri ol m le e t he nf ton o l , ut ve hlor he s nme i or ai n.M a tn t d W ohlor t the woul brng i t doc o se us o M onda nf m to ri ol f d ha d i n he t r' xc e n y oft f l ng we M a tn alege t tW ohlor t d hi he woul ha t us hi va a i he olowi ek. ri l s ha f d ol m d ve o e s c ton tm e t cove hi a e e and t t W ohlor s i o r s bs nc s ha f d poke t hi i a r de m r r d i t c l. o m n u mne urng he a l M a t De l! 1 - 2 ri c. ! 11 . n Ea ler t t s m e we k,M a tn ha s he e a wor d a e r s f t r eve ri ha a e ri d c dul d nd ke n xta hit o ec i ove tm e pa H e r e ve hi nonnals a y f t w ee buthe di no r c ve pay f e r ri y. ec i d s al r or he k, d t e ei or ve y hourw or d on hi ove tm e s f . a tn D e a 1 4ke s r i hi t M r i p. t 5 56. Fr Se e r 7 t ough Septm be 11 2009,M a tn wor d t e ie wee de pie om pt mbe hr e r , ri ke he ntr k s t f i ver il and havi dit t w al ng s r ght M artn Dep. at 209eelng y l ng ficuly ki t ai . i 214; M ari tn 6 De l! 1 . t ug M at b le e h wa toilt b a wo k, ea e st a W o lod' p ir c. 3 Al h ri eiv d e s o 1 o e t r h v r h t h fr s ro ho n r ne s t r hi m a M a tn f rult t tm e of fom wor M a tn Dec . ! 1 0n ude s owa d m de ri ea f o ake i fr k. ri l 3. Thur da Se e s y, pt mber 1 2009,Siva t d M a tn t the s d m a a doct ' a n men 0, l ol ri ha houl ke ors ppoi t t bec us of hi il s and ad s d hi t dic s t s wih W ohlor M a tn f l d t s a e s lnes vie m o s us hi t f d. ri olowe hi i tuci but W ohlor woul not a l M a tn t l ve hi s f on Se e be 1 2009, nsr ton f d d low ri o ea s hit ptm r 0, i se dd rcigMa t t wokt r u htes it e pt hsile s Ma t De l! 1 - 4. n ta ie tn ri o r h o g h h f d s i i l s . ri c. ! 3 1 n e n n M a tn c le hi physcin t tday a wa i or d t the s d calt f l ng ri a ld s i a ha nd s nf me ha houl l he olowi m o ni and t tt doc ors ofie woul at mptt wor hi i o t s hedul f Frday. r ng ha he t ' fc d te o k m nt he c e or i W hen M ari i o m e W o f d of t s W ohlo d t d M a t t c e t wor t ne tn nf r d hlor hi, f r ol ri o om o n k he xt mor ng,Se e r l1 200 a t wor t i t tme ofhi docors a nt nt Lx ni ptmbe , 9 nd o k mtl he i s t ' ppoi me . ds Alhough M a tn a ve a wor ar t ri ni d t k ound 7: a. . a wa a e t m a adoc orsa nt e 00 m , nd s bl o ke t ' ppoi m nt f 1 30 a. . Siva ha ot rs r ior wor o ri e t c rM a tn' s f,whih M a tn or 0: m , l d he upe v s s k ve tm o ove ri s hit c ri s ys s e Siva r ogni d t tM a tn t ul w ass c W hie o t w a t t doc or s ofi e, a how d l ec ze ha ri r y i k. l n he y o he t ' tc Siva t n ca l d hi a i o m e hi t tW o f r i it d he ha a doc or s e us whe l he le m nd nf r d m ha hlo d ns s e ve t ' xc e n he r t ned t wor a t tW ohlo d wa a y wih Siva f r e i M a tn fom wor eur o k nd ha fr s ngr t l or elasng ri r k. M atn De a 209- 4;M a tn De l ! 1 Alho h M atn obti adocorse us f ri p. t 21 ri c. ! 5. t ug ri aned t ' xc e or Frda Se e r11,2009,he di notas hi doc o t r las hi fom a a tona da a i y, pt mbe d k s t r o ee e m r ny ddii l ys t t ttmebe a e he di notr ulry wo k on t we nds Jz Att tme he we t t ha i c us d eg al r he eke . #. he i nt o he doc o ,hi gl e lvel we e ir gul ,he was e re ng dal pai a hi me c tons t r s ucos e s r re ar xpe inci iy n nd s di a i r q ie a j t n . a t De a 1 3 1 5 e ur d dusme tM ri p. t 4 , 4 . n On Sa ur y, Sept m be 1 2009, W o f d ca l d M a tn ea l i t m o ni a t da e r 2, hlor le ri ry n he r ng nd die dhi t rpor t wor by noont tda Ma tn Dec. 1 W ohlo ddiecedM atn t rde m o e to k ha y. ri l! 6. fr r t ri o wor a l holrs f t tda a alo t dhi t r t n o St y,Se e be 1 2009 t wor k z- z hit ha y nd s ol m o eur n mda pt m r 3, o k 7 fom noonuntl6: p. L- Onboh oft eda ,Ma tn wa diecedt wach ama hi t r i 00 m. d a t hes ys ri s r t o t c ne o ma s e i r n s oot y- a t s t ti t ca l pe f med by a pr ton e pl e,no a ke ur t a m hl a k ha s ypi ly ror oduc i m oye t s uper i or I M a tn be i ve t t W ohlor as i d hi t s t s t r t la e a i t M a tn v s . d. ri le d ha f d s gne m hi a k o e a i t ga ns ri f t ki tm eof fom wor t s k me c la tnto 1 ;M a tn De a 209- 4. or a ng i fr k o ee di a te i n. d. ri p. t 21 On M onday,Se e be 1 2009,a t M a tn r po td t wor he wasdie t dt a tnd pt m r 4, fer ri e re o k, r c e o te a me tng wih Siva a W ohlor I wa a t sme tng t tW ohlor pu pore y s i çW e ei t l nd f d. t s t hi e i ha f d r tdl a d, t alge sc a we co e t wor The onl exc e f m isng wor agan i i yo a e i t 1 t ik nd m o k. y us or s i k i s f u r n he h ptl'M a t De l! 1 . o lo d as t l Ma t t a h wa g i gt tkea yM at s os ia. ri c. 7 W h fr lo od ri h t e s o n o a wa ri ' n n n' ove tme pa f t wee nd t m a up f r tme m is d on Frday.W ohlo d a s i o me ri y or he ke o ke o i se i f r lo nf r d M ari t t he had t m a hi me c a n m e s i t e ng a r wor and no on tn ha o ke s dial ppoit nt n he veni he k t c ompa tm e.W hen M a tn r mi d W ohlo d t the wa dibe i a ne ded t s e hi ny i ri e nde f r ha s a tc nd e o e s r gulrdoc o durng wor ngho s hewa t d he' ber quie t wo k on we kendst m a e a tr i ki ur , s ol d e rd o r e o ke up tmehem is d. d. i se l M a tn f rhe alege t the wa r t it d agans f usng l ve t al nd me c l ri u t r l s ha s eala e i t or i ea o te di a a nt nt on Se embe 1 2009 whe he was ta f re wihoutdi c so t a l s ppoi me s pt r 5, n r ns e r d, t s us i n, o e s de ia es f.Spe iialy,W ohlor hed am e tng wih Siva a M a tn a t d M a tn t t sr bl hit c fc l f d l ei t l nd ri nd ol ri ha he woul be m ove t t ni hts R.Acc di t M ari he i or d Siva t twor ng t s d d o he g hi or ng o tn, nf me l ha ki hi s f was goi t di t b hi di be i c ton f rhe be us of a i biiy t bal nce hi hi t ng o s ur s a tc ondii u t r ca e n na lt o a s s e pi a e tng s he e.M a tn D e a a i ç s ri De a 1 ( a t e ai ngt t l e ng nd a i c dul ri cl r ton; f Ma t n p. t 75 M ri xpl ni ha n . t cha t t ni hts f ha a derme a e f c on hi dibe i c ton duet hi i biiy he nge o he g hit d ti nt l fe t s a tc ondii o s na lt t r ult hi se p,dit andmedi ton) Sivat tte t tt ewas traly a dic son o eg ae s le e, cai . l esii d ha her n' e l ny susi about t s t h i M a tn' s f,but t t i was done t a c moda e M ari s docors he wic n ri s hit ha t o c om t tn' t ' a nt e s ECF N o. 9,Siva De a 36- 7. ppoi m nt . 34- l p. t 3 8 4. M artn' A c s t Food and Food Bre W hie W or dng i s ce s o aks l l M ari a s a l s t t Y oko m a de e hi ac om m oda i tn l o lege ha ha ni d m c tons by de ng hi nyi m ade t br kst e .The undiputd f t s qua e ea o at s e ac s how t tM a tn,a as r ior had a ofie wih ha ri s upe v s , n fc t a de k,c s omput r fl ca netsfi ,an m ir e , ie bi s rdge d c owave Durng hi s fs he wa r quied t e . i s hit, s e r o m a lpr i oduc i da a f om hi ofi e t uppe m a ge e t e r t o hour a s was i hi ton t r s tc o r na m n ve y w s nd o n s ofk e a l a teve y t hour a co d e ta t ttm e Addii ly,M a tn t sii d t the t t es r wo s nd ul a t ha i . tona l ri e tfe ha wasa s o ra viie t s oke s br a r m ke nd st d he m r ' e k oom $ f w tmes'pe s f a wasfe t e ta ç e i ' r hit nd a 'e o a t r t ttm e M a tn De a 1 66,1 ,257.The s oke s br k r ha i . ri p. t 6571 m r ' ea oom ha bot vendi a d h ng nd drnk ma hi s.ECF No.34- J hns n De a 1 19;ECF No.33- Hola y De l ! 24. i c ne 6, o o p. t 86, lda c. M a tn cli e t ti t r was a pr e wih a ma hi ,he co d notla t pr ton ri am d ha f he e obl m t c ne ul e ve he oduc i too ,butad itd t thewaspe mitd t e ton t pr ton toor i ne d be.M ari De l r m te ha r te o a he oduc i l , f e tn p. a 1 1 71. t 67, 70C. Eve sI m e at y Pre e ng M ar i sR e i nat o nt m di el c di tn' s g i n On Oc obe 6, 2009, t U ni n Pr i n a Vi e Pr i t St ve J s a D a s t r he o es de t nd c esden , e one nd vi M u y r s e t l me wi P o ucinM a g rRihadSwiz r( s te ' a dDie tro ph , e p ci y, t t r d to na e c r te t wiz r' n r co f ve h t ) M a ufcu i Ad m Br c (Br c ' a d rpo td t a o e o M a t s s b r iae ,To n a trng a u e ( u e' n e re h t n f ri u o dn ts m t ) n' W aki ,ha c pli d t tM a tn s xua l ha as e hi i t s pa a ei de s Ac r ng t ns d om a ne ha ri e ly r s d m n wo e r t nci nt . co di t W aki ,M a tn ha gr bbed W aki ' f t r l a ound W a ki 'som a h a ea a t d o t ns ri d a t ns a ols r t ns t c r , nd ol W at nsd woul lke t puts ki ç he d i o omeVas lne i t ta f k i. Laert tda a W a ki wa e i n ha nd uc t' t ha y, s t ns s ' e tng pe nut i t Lab,M a tn al ge y a oa d hi a s i he i i t wa he o ns ai a s n he ri le dl ppr che m nd a d û kes he y l pe hi m out a ha s ehi t puti i. W a ki De a 1 1 a Ex.3 t eo;J s h nd s om t ng o n t' t ns p. t 6- 7 nd ' her t onesDe p. 12- 29 and Exs.6,43 t et M ur Dep.1 23 and Exs.41- t et 24, her o; phy 442 her o. La e on Oc obe 6,2009,J ne ,M u phy,Swize ,Br e HR M a ge Ho l y a tr t r o s r t r uc , na r lada nd Tec c Supe vs Rik Siva ($ 1 ' ha a he me tng t tas i ude M atn a hnial r ior c l ûSiva' d not r ei ha lo ncl d ri nd ) 9 W a ki . Dt i t t m e tn W a ki r t r t hi c pl i s a t ns u ng ha e i g, t ns eie a ed s om a nt bout ( a tn. I r s ns M ri 5 n e po e, M a tn de e t a l ga i a s i E di tdo a hi 1m no a f ki f r i ni d he le tons nd a d, $ dn' I nyt ng. ' t uc ng aggo . ECF N o. t' ' 33- 1 SivaDe . 7. a tnco e d, ver t thehada oa he W aki a s mepoi 1, l cl! M ri nc de howe ,ha ppr c d t ns t o nt i t pa ta gr bbed athi own (l n a ea'orhi i r c 'a a ke W a ki f fhe wa ed n he s nd a s toi r ' s l ot h' nd s d t ns ç c i nt s e oft t' l om ha . d. ' The m i e f om t m ee i - a wel t s i ony f o s ve a pe s who w e e nut s r he tng s las e tm r m e r l r ons r pr e --confr t tM a tn be m e l a beli r t d li t m e tng,s ng t tçf s es nt im ha ri ca oud nd lge en tr ng he e i ayi ha t hi - i bul,a bunc ofs t' I r pons Swize t d M a tn,$ wilgve you t e s c s l h hi. n es e, t r ol ' ri û l i I hr e e onds t st o i down a s up. Swize i or d M a tn t tt me tng woul notbe c nd hut ' ' t r nf me ri ha he e i d onduc e t swa t d hi y, a e nt ly t U ni a W a ki w e e a ke t l a t m ee i A tt tpoi ,M a tn nd ve ua l he on nd t ns r s d o e ve he tng. ha nt r i c i d t be un l ge tng outof hi char a r peaedl e l i i l udl ç el God ontnue o nly, ti s i nd e t y xc am ng o y, $ l W d mmi,u tf eme J s fr me 'M a t De a 9 - 7 Sl aDe 8 - 1 Hold yDe l! 1 a tj s i ! u t ie l ri p. t 5 9 ; iv p. 0 8 ; l a c. 5 r ' n a a Ex.4 t r t Se r tmes Swiz r die t d M a tn t stdown,butM a tn c i d t nd he e o. ve al i , t e r c e ri o i ri ontnue o m ove t a d t door s yi çl tfr m el' d.W ohlor as d M a tn i he w a r s gni but ow r he , a ng, l us i e 'l f d ke ri f s e i ng, M a tn ke waki t r t doora r pe tng,ç r m el'W ohlor e nt ly t d M a tn ri pt l ng owa d he nd e ai d e ' Fi f d ve ual ol ri t ti hewal d o t tdoo ,he woul be fr d orS t ke i a you q t' M a tn s i he wa ha f ke ut ha r d ie ç a ts we ui. ri ad ' s no quitng a rpe td,(W e1,us fr mel'Swiz ri or Ma tn hewo d nott e ae t ti nd e ae ç lj t ie ' te nf med ri ul olrt t ts tofbe vi a l r as d Sivat wal M a tn outoft pl t a plce M a tn ha or ha or ny onge , ke l o k ri he an , nd a d ri on s pe i Ac or ng t Hola y, M a tn wa s pe d t a e of hi hosie, us nson. c di o l da ri s us nde d us bec s tl i ppr i t a i ubor na e be vi r durng t meei ' not be us of t al ge na oprae, nd ns di t ha o i he tng, ' ca e he le d h r sme tHold yDe l! 1 . a a s n . la a c. 5 A s pa t of t s pe i H ola y i t uc e Pe s m e Adm i s r t , J c r he us ns on, l da ns r t d r or l ni ta or a que W a d r 5 W at nsalo s d durng t meetng t the had hear M ari make acomm e aboutaf e ki s ai i he i ha d tn nt emal em pl oyee wal ng by t he woul çlke t bend he overt t e and poke he ' ECF No.33- Jones ki hat d ti o r he abl r. ' 2, Dep.25. 1 0 (ç ad' t wi h d M a t ' p y u tlf rh rn tc .Hold y De l ! 1 a d Ex.5t rt ; ç r ' o t ol ri s a ni ute oie l a c. 7 n W ) h n a heeo W ad Dec.! 2 and Ex.9 t rt .W ad sntan e i t Yokohn ' pa ol depat n i r l heeo) r e mal o mas yr l rme t n Calf ni die tng t m t wihhol M ari spa whie on s pe i By t ttm e ho ver ior a r c i he o t d tn' y l us nson. ha i , we , M a tn' pa ol ha ale dy be n pr es e and hi s a y had be n diec- post d i hi ri s yr l d r a e oc s d s alr e r tde ie n s ac ount l The pay ol de rm e die t d t is ng ba t r ve s t die tde i,a c . d. r l pa t nt r c e he s ui nk o e r e he r c post nd i ta is amanua c c r feci M a tn' pr-us nso s ay.Z Afe hi rt n fo nse d sued l he k el tng ri s es pe in alr I tr s eur r m s pe i M a tn com pl ne a w a ç y ups t' a us ns on, ri ai d nd s l ver e ' bout t r ve s , w hi h had c us d he e r al c a e ' e rl h c (o b u c u. ECFNo. 3 7 W adDe l!3 t vea c e ks t ) o n e ' s ' 3 - , r c. . W hie M a tn wa on unpa d s pe i Hola y i ve tga e W a ki 'c l ri s i us nson, lda n si t d t ns ompl i s At ant . t c l i ofhi i tga i Holada wa una et ve iy W aki 'cam s be a et r he onc uson s nvesi ton, l y s bl o rf t ns li , c us he e we e no t r pa t wines e .On Oc o r 1 2009,Hola y t d W aki - zi a m e tng r hid- ry t s s t be 6, lda ol t ns -dtrng ei a w hi h J t c ones M ur , phy, a W ohlor w e e alo pr e - t t he w as be ng r ns a e nd f d r s es nt ha i ei t t d. Hola y wa ne M a tn t tf ur E mr l 'c l da r d ri ha ut e s u y' onduc woul no be t e a e Hola y a s s nt t t d t olr t d. lda lo e M a tn a l te t t sa e M a tn had a knowldge e gi i smia c ri e tr ha t t d ri c e d nga ng n i lr onduc i t pa t t n he s, ato g Sus j kn a o n 'a t a s h c nd ti ia p o rae a d wiln tbetlrtd. l u h j t o ig r u d' nd h t uc o uc s n p r p it n l o h o eae The lte alo e ai d t tM a tn' s pe i wast r ul ofhi be omi s de e i et r s xpl ne ha ri s us nson he es t m c ng o f nsve a d u r l ta hewa t u o c n r l a wane hm t d a û etrj b o c ntoln (ij n n uy h t s t t f o to ' nd r d i o o i te o f o r lig h s o ' b e i . Ma tnDe a 111 1 Hola yDe l!20; onesDe a 29a Ex.6t rt motons' ri p. t - 6; lda c. ' J p. t nd heeo. W he M a tn r t ned fom hi s pe i he wo ke on Ocobe 1 1 a 18 2009. n ri eur r s us nson, r d t r 6, 7, nd , He t sii d t the wor o rt wee nd eve t e tfe ha ked ve he ke n hough he ha be n sc a n,a t the d e ik gai nd ha t d S la a o th sp o lmso M o d y Oco e 1 ,2 0 .M a t De a 1 6 S la tus ol iv b u i r b e n n a , t b r 9 0 9 ri p. t 3 . iv j t n c ol ' m .l ons ed' hi d. Alo on Oc obe 1 2009,M a tn co pl ne t W a d abou t r ve s lofhi dr c s t r 9, ri m ai d o r t he e r a s ie t de i. W a d a ogi e a e a ne wha ha ha ne M a tn wa t d t m e t wih post z pol z d nd xpli d t d ppe d. ri ne o e t Hola lday,butHolada s i he woul mee wih hi a tr he fnihe a pr vi l s he e l y ad d t t m fe i s d e ousy c dul d me tn M at De a 1 0 3 ;Hold y De . 21 l ta o me tn wih Hold y M a t eig. ri p. t 3 - 3 l a c ! .nse d f ei g t l a , ri n a a n qui t te ni a a oxi t l 6: p. .He we t t gua d saton a i o me hi s f t ha ve ng, t ppr ma ey 00 m nt o he r t i nd nf r d s hit s r n e n ,Sc tDos ,t the w a ups thi pa ha bee doc d a he was q ti ECF upe i t nda t ot s ha s e s y d n ke nd uitng. No. 3 8 Do sDe l !2 & Ex.heeo. u e wh wa as a t eg adho e a k dMa t lf 3 - , s c. t rt Br c , o s lo t h u r us , s e ri ç ni he wassle t s i wha he wane t do.'Br c Dec.! 69M atn De a 160- .M a tn tr hi s t td o ' u e l ri p. t 61 ri e a ne t thi pa he k wa de ie i o hi a co a t n t ke out a he wa no xpli d ha s yc c s post d nt s c unt nd he a n , nd s t h p ya o ti. at De a 1 3 1 ; c De l!6. a p b u t M ri p. t 2 , 61 Bnze c. n Thepeo eM a tn s pl ri pokewih on t day hequi,i l ng W a d,Dos ,a Br ce ha t he t ncudi r s nd u , ve a 1 t tfed t t M a tn s i no hi a 1 esii ha ri ad t ng bout hi di be e ,hi he t or Yokohn s a lged s a t s s alh, ma' le t li mwilngnes t a comm odae hi dia lt l t ad,heco pl ne t t m a so c t s s biiy. nse m ai d o he bouthi pa Thi s y. s i c it ntwih M a tn' a iso t thedi notc s onsse t ri s dm s i n ha d ompl i t a an o nyoneon t da hequi a he y t bout hi di be es o hi he lh.M a tn De a 1 161. a tn t tfed, w e r t the a hi w ie s a t r s at ri p. t 24, M r i es ii ho ve , ha nd s f ha dic s d hi wo k st ton o t wee nd ofOc obe 1 a 1 a t tbe a e oft d s us e s r iuai n he ke t r 7 nd 8, nd ha c us he C ç ongoi ha as men ' a Slc ofa omm odai n' f hi di be e ,he s d r sgn.M a t ng r s t' nd ta k cc to ' or s a t s houl e i ri n D e a 1 1 36,1 p. t 22, 3538. I. I AN A LY SI S A . Sum m ar Judgm e St y nt andar d S mma yj d me ti p o rwh r th r i n g n ieis a t a ymaeilfc a d u r u g n s r pe ee t e e s o e un sue s o n tra a t n t t emo a ti e tte t j dg n a amatro lw. F d R. v. 5 () A g n ieis eo h v n s nild o u me t s te f a ' e . Ci P. 6 a. e un su f ' m a e i f c e s s when a r tonal ti r of f c , c i r ng t e de e i t r or a a t ral a t xit ai re a t ons de i he vi nc n he ec d s whol ,c d fnd i f vo oft non- ovi pary.Ri iv.Dest f no, 557 U . 557,586 e oul i n a r he m ng t cc ea S. 1 2 ( 0 9 .t u r j d me t i a p o rae o y i tkig t e d n e a d alra o a l 2 0 ) d mmay u g n s p r p it nl f a n he vie c n l e s n be s i e e esdr w n t r f om i t lghtm os f vor bl t t nonm ovi pa t û m a e i lf c s nf r nc a he e r n he i t a a e o he ng ry, no t r a a t aeds td a dt emo i p ry i e tte t j d me ta amatro 1w.' n yv. r el r ipue n h vng a t s nild o u g n s te f a ' He r Pu n l, ' 652 F. 52 5 ( h Ci.2011 (n ba )( i Aus r n v.Bn ofAm.Com . 35 3d 4, 31 4t r ) e nc quotng hema nk , 2 F.d 8 6, 9 (t Ci. 0 3 ) P tdfe e ty, u r j g n s o l b e trd i teCo r 3 9 8 9 4h r 2 0 ). u ifr nl s mmay ud me t h u d e n ee f h u t fn s a rar ve o t er c r a awh e ta n r a o a l j r c u drtun av r itf r i d , he e iw f h e o d s ol, h t o e s n be u y o l et' ed c o t non- ngpat Se Eva v.Te hs Applc tons& Se v.Co. 80F. 954,95859 ( h he movi ry. e ns c . iai r , 3d - 4t Ci.1 9 ) r 9 6. M o e v r apat o p sn s mmayj d me tç yno r s u o temeealg to ro e , ry p o ig u r u g n % ma t e t p n h r le ains or de a s ofhi pl di but ...m us s t f r h s c t f c s s w i t t t r i a ge ne ni l s ea ng, t e o t pe ik a t ho ng ha he e s nui is ef rtil' d ro v. b ry Lo b ,I c,4 7 U. 2 2 2 8 ( 9 6 (iai n o te ) su o ra. An es n Li e t b y n . 7 S. 4 , 4 1 8 ) ctto s mitd . ' ûfhe m e e e se of s i' r xit nce ome a lge f c ua diput bewee t pa te wil not de e t a le d a t l s e t n he ri s l fa n o h r s p o ry s p o td moin f rs mmay j dg n . An e s n 4 7 U. a 2 7 48 t e wie rpel u p re to o u r u me t' d ro , 7 S. t 4 - . ' l t d, t no m ovi pa t m us pr ns ea he nng r y t oduc çs g tca l pr tve e de e 'f om w hi a e ti ni nty oba i vi nc ' r i ch r a o bej r c u drt r avedc i h sfv r Ab o Co p. . l tl Ic, 6 F.d 9 4 e s na l u y o l eu n r it n i a o . c r r v AM n 's n .91 2 2 , 93 (t Ci.1 9 ) Th s Sth s mmayj g n iq iy . . c uiie teplitf c s t 0 4 h r 9 0 . u ,ç j e u r ud me t n ur . sr tn z s h anifs a e o g de e ne whehe t pli if ha pr f r d s tc e pr , i t f m of a s i e t nni t r he a ntf s ofe e ufi i nt oof n he or dmisbl e de e,t coul ca r t bur ofpr ofhi cli a til'M ic l v.Da a Ge Cop , vi nc hat d ry he den oof s a m t ra . t he l ' t n. l 1 F.d 1 0,131 ( h Ci.1 ) ç hie c t mus tke s i cae when c i rng a 2 3 31 6 4t r 993 . t l ours t a pecal r W onsde i moin frs mma yj d me ti ads rmiainc s b c u emoi i o tnt ciia is e to o u r u g n n ici n to a e e a s tve s fe he rtc l su , s mma yj d me tds o iin r man a rp it i teplitf c n o p e ala amatro u r u g n ip sto e i s pp o rae f h an if n n t rv i s te f l 'Eva ,80 F. at958 59. aw. ' ns 3d - 13 B. FLSA Cl m ai W ih r r t M a tn' FLSA c a m ,t onl i s be or t Cou ti whe he t r a e t ega d o ri s l i he y s ue f e he r s t r he e r s fi intfcsfo whih aj r c ud c n ld ta M a t wa no a ç x mpte l y e'I u tce a t r m c u y o l o cu e h t ri s t n d e n e mp o e . t ' i undiput t t i ge a ,Yokohamadi notpa M a tn ove tme f rhour he wor a s s ed ha , n ner l d y ri ri o s ked bove f t hour i a gi we and,i pariulr di notpa hi f tm e s ntpro t a ory s n ny ven ek n tc a , d y m or i pe i r o nd s e ubs quentt hi s f i daiy m e tngs l M a tn i an t xe pt'e oye u rt FLSA, o s hit n l e i . f ri s d m ' mpl e nde he e t n Yoko ma wa notr r d t pa hi ove tme f t e a tona hour a t r i no he ha s equie o y m ri or hos ddii l s nd he e s voain;fh i n te e t Yo o a ' a to svoae t eFLS Se 2 U. C.j2 7 a( ) ilto i e s o x mp, k h mas cin iltd h A. e 9 S. 0 () 1 (i a d a h l mu tb p i fr wo k o e f ry h u s p rwe k ;29 U. C.j 21 () 1 tme n af s e ad o r v r o t o r e e ) S. 3 a( ) ( rons fe oye i a bo fde e utve mi srtve,or pr esi c ct 'ae pes dmpl d n na i xec i ,ad nitai of sonal apa iy' r e mptfom t ove tmerquie nt.dg j exe i a et beconsr dnar ya ns xe r he ri e r me ) <- he mptons r o f tue rowl gai t t ee ly rs e i g t a s r t e ...(n !te e o e b ast eb r e o p o i t a h mp o e e k n o se t h m, a d h mply r e r h u d n f r vng h t e ly e ae e e t'I ta mm.lc v.Baa,4 2 F.d 28 ,2 3 ( t Ci.2 0 )(iains mp o e s r x mp . nr co ' n . jj 9 3 5 9 4h r 0 7 ctto a i ena quottonmaksomitd) nd ntr l ai r te . Yokoha a c e t tM a tn f ls wihi t exe i f r ï xe utve'e oyees m ontnds ha ri a l t n he mpton o ç c i ' mpl e . Reg a i pr ultons omul t by t De m e of La i t r e i t FLSA pr vi t t a gaed he pm nt bor n e pr tng he o de ha n e pl e i a e mpt e utve i t e oye ca e t bls t t he s ifes e c of t m oye s n xe xec i f he mpl r n sa ih ha atsi a h he f l i . olow ng' ( )hei co nstda as l yofa la t$455. pe wee 1 s mpe ae t aar tes 00 r k; ( ) hi p i r d t i ma a e n o t e e tmrs o o a 2 s rmay u y s n g me t f h ne ie r f c t a iyr c ni edde rm e ors vii n t r of usom rl e og z pa t nt ubdi so he e ; ( he c t zl a r gul l die t t wor oft ormoe 3) usomaiy nd e ary r cs he k wo r ot e pl e ;a her m oye s nd 1 4 ( )hi s g e to a d rc mme ainsa t t ehiig,frn , 4 s u g sins n e o nd to s o h rn ii g a nce t pr oton or any ot r cha dva men , om i he nge of saus of o he tt t r e pl esa e gi n a pa tc a wei . m oye r ve r i ul r ght 29C. R.j5411 a.Thepa te a eet tt si t a o it t tfrdee mi ngwhehe F. .00() ris gr ha hi s he ppr prae es o tr ni t r M a tn i a e m pte pl e.See ECF N o.33 a 18; r i s n xe m oye t ECF N o. a 3. 34 t F rp r o e o t e sz r j g n moin o y M a t c n e e t tp o g o e o up ss f h l mma y ud me t to nl, ri o c d s ha r n s n n and t ee a e s tsi d.ECF No.3 a 4.Hea gue ,howe r t tt r a e diput soff c ast hr r a ite 4 t r s ve , ha he e r s e at o whe he M a tn me t t s co a f t pr ngs The Co tdiag e .I t a M a tn' own t r ri e s he e nd nd ourh o . ur s r es nse d, ri s d s rp in o h sj b d te ,s e s p a a Se to IA. e tbl h ta t e et p o g ae as e c ito f i o uis e u r t cin . , sa i h t h s wo r n s r lo s s ts i d. a i fe Pr Tw - M ar i s Pr m ar Dut W as M anage e ofa ong tn' i y y m nt Rec z d De t e or Subdi son ofYoko ogni e par m nt vii ham a Tur ng fr tt t s cond pr ni is o he e ong,M a tn conc s t tDi son 1 i a r ogni d ri ede ha vi i 00 s ec ze de t e wihi Yokohn parm nt t n ma. M a tn De a 47,48.The quesi t n be omes whehe ri p. t ton he c t r M a tn' t i a y du y' wa t a ge e . l m a ng t s dee m i ton, t Cour m us ri s c m z pr t ' s s na m nt' n ki hi t r na i he m ' t t c nsd rte c rce o M a t ' j b a awh l.2 C. R.j 5 .0 ;se as I r Fn l o ie h haa tr f ri s o s n oe 9 F. 417 0 e lo n e miy DolrFLS Lii . 6 7 F.d 5 8 51 ( t Ci.2 1 (p li g t pr- 0 4 v rin o t la A tg, 3 3 0 , 4 4h r 01 ) a py n he e2 0 eso f he e utvee mpton) xec i xe i . Th tr K rma y d t ' i d fn d i t er g lto sa <hep i cp l man mao o e em t i r uy' s ei e n h e uain s t rn ia, i, j r r p t m os i t mpora dut t t e o tnt y hat he mpl yee pe f m s'a mus be ba e on a1 t f c s i a ror ' nd t sd 1 he a t n pa tc a c e.29 C. R.j541700() Facor a cour may c i r i l çhe r ltve riulr as F. . a. t s t onsde ncude t eai t i ra e oft e mptdute a c mpo tnc he xe is s ompa e wih o he t r d t t r ypes of dute t n is; he mountof tme i s pentper orm i exem ptw or t em pl f ng k; he oyee' rel i f s atve reedom f rom di s rect upervi on;and t si he r ltons p be we n t e oye ss l r a t wa pa d t ot r e o s f rt ki ea i hi t e he mpl e' a a y nd he ges i o he mpl yee o he nd of none xempt wor pe f k ronned by t e oyee. J= The a ount of tme s n pe f m i he mpl ' #. ' m i pe t ror ng 15 e m p wor c n be a us f gui alhough i i notdipostve,a i nott s e t t 29 xe t k a e ul de, t ts s ii nd s he ol es. C. R.j 5 . b) ButS mpl swho s mor t n 50 pec ntoft i tmepef mi F. 41700( . ç oyee e pend e ha re her i ror ng e xemptwor wilge r l s ts y t prma. dut r quie e . I k l ne aly a if he i l y y e r m nt' d. ' Ther gul to f t rt an t ttma ge e 'i ude e ai ns urhe xpl i ha d na m nt' ncl s aci te s h as i e viwi tvii s uc ntr e ng, s eci el tng, a nd tai ng of r ni e ly e ;s tig a d a j sig t i rts o p y a d h u so mpo e s etn n du tn her ae f a n o r f wor dieci t wor ofe oye ssm ant ni pr ton or k; r tnc he k mpl e ' i ai ng oduc i s l s r c ds f us i s pe v s on or contol a a s ng a e e or or e n u r i i r ; ppr i i e pl es pr uci t a e t inc f t pur e of m oye od tviy nd fk e y or he pos r comm e ng pr e ndi omotons or ot r c nges i sa us ha i i he ha n tt ; ndlng e pl e c pl i s a g i va s di ci i ng e pl es m oye om a nt nd r e nce ; s plni m oye ; pl ng t wo k; deer i ng t t c que t be us d; anni he r t m ni he e hni s o e a ppori nc t wo k amon: t e oyee ;dee m i ng t t toni he r he mpl s t r ni he ype ofm a e i l ,s i ,m a hi r e pm e o t s t be us d or t r a s upples c ne y, qui nt r ool o e mer ndie t be bo ht socke a s d;c r lnc t fow cha s o ug , t d nd ol ontoli he l a nd di ti i of m at r a s or m e c ndi e a s rbuton eil r ha s nd s pples u i ; pr di f t s e y and s c iy of t e oye o t ovi ng or he aft e urt he mpl es r he pr ry;pl nni a c r lng t budge ;a moniorng o ope t a ng nd ontoli he t nd t i r i pl m en i l ga c pla m ea ur s m e tng e l om i nce s e. 2 C. R. 5 .0 (mp a i a d d . 9 F. j 411 2 e h ss d e ) I hi opposton,M ari c t ndst thepero m e onl t unde lne f nci nsa n s ii tn on e ha f r d y he ri d u to bove, a a s r s t tt r a e a l as di put off c ast whe he he pe f r s t f tonst ta e nd s e t ha he e r t e t s es a t o t r r o m he unc i ha r no unde lne Bas on t s he c e t ri d. ed hi, ontnds t t hi S i r dut ' was no m a ge e . ha s l ma y pr y' t na m nt M a tn' a gumen mis s t m a k.Even i he pe f r e onl s e a not al--of t ri s r t s e he r f r o m d y om - nd l he f n to s o S n g me t' i i ce r t a t e v s mao i o h s tme wa s n i u cin f l a e n ' t s la h t h a t j rt f i i ma y s pe t n ma ge tt f tons a no i non- nage nt Putdif r nty,at na men -ype unc i , nd t n ma me . fe e l lhough he m a not y ha pe f m e m a oft lse fmc i ofS nage nt' hi prm a y du i a 1f l wihi ve ror d ny he it d t tons t ma me ,' s i r tes l e l t n t s ope of t e ( a ge e f tons ' O t r e pl es and es ci ly U ni he c hos ç na m nt unc i . m ' he m oye pe a l on w ine s s a l t tfed t M ari was a s r s r a a m e be of m a t s e - l es ii hat tn upe vi o nd m r nage e .Se e. , m nt e. g. M um hy De 35,W at ns De 9- 0;J s De 39- M or ove ,t Cole tve Ba gai ng p. ki p. 1 one p. 40. e r he lc i r ni 16 Agr e e a Yo ha sSae l a i pr bied M ari fo pe f m i no m a e m nt t ko ma' lm oc ton ohi t tn r m r or ng n- nage nt me , pr uci n wor af tM a tn a knowldged.M a tn De a 1 05.Thus t Cour fndst od to k, ac ri c e ri p. t 04, he t i he undi put d f c s e t bls t s ond pr s e a t s a i h he ec ong. 2. Prong Four art n' I -M i s nput i o Personnel D eci ons W ere G i nt si ven S t c ar W e ght' s i ul par i ' Tu ni t t f t pr r ng o he ourh ong,M a tn post t the doe nots ts y t spr be aus he ri is ha s a if hi ong c e di notpos es t a hort t t nni t t e oyme ofa wor a t thene rha e d s s he ut iy o e na e he mpl nt ny k nd ha ve ndl d a gr e nce fl d by a e pl i va ie n m oyee i a w a ns e d, t e de i i a t ha i of n ny y.l t a hos c s ons nd he ndlng gre nce wa d i va s s one by i l r ma ge e t' Addii nal at uppe na m n . ' to ly, lhough t r M a tn i or e % . ri nf m d M uppe ma ge nt of pes l pr emsy i was t y who ma de ii rgadi r na me ronne obl ll t he de csons e r ng t r i to ordi c plne. ECF N o. a 6. e m na i n si i ' ' 34 t Yokoha acoun e st ti i notnec s r t tM a tn ha a t a ho iy t hie orfr m t r ha t s es a y ha ri d c ual ut rt o r ie e pl si or t s ts y t f rh pr m oyee n der o a if he ou t ong. te I mpha iest tt f c o i a s s tsi d i hi sz ha he a t r s lo a ife f s i nputas t pe s o r onneldecsons i gi n ç tc a we gh . Se ECF No.33 a 20 22.The ii s ve s iulr i t' e par ' t - r ultonspr vi gui nc a t t t r C ri ul rwei 'e ai ng: eg a i o de da e s o he e m t tc a pa ght' xpl ni de e m i t r ne w he he an e pl e' s t r m oye s uggesi tons a nd r omm e tons a e gi n S riulr wei ,' f c or t be ec nda i r ve t tc a pa ght' a t s o consde e i l buta e notlm ie t whe he i i pa toft i r d ncude, r i t d o, t r t s r he e ly es j b d te t ma e s c s g eto s a d mpo e ' o u is o k u h u g sin n r c m e tons t f eq nc w ih w hi h s h s es i a e om nda i ; he r ue y t c uc ugg tons nd r om m e tons a e m a or r quesed; a t f e ec nda i r de e t nd he r quenc w ih y t w hi h t e pl e' s es i and r om m e tons a e r le c he m oye s ugg tons ec nda i r ei d upon.G e r l a e u i ' s ne aly, n xec tves ugge tons a r c m e tons si nd e om nda i m us pe t n t e pl es w hom t exe utve c t a iy and t rai o m oye he c i us om rl r ul ry die s I doe noti l a oc aso ls eg a l r ct. t s ncude n c i na uggesi wih ton t r a d t t c nge i sa us of a c wor r An e pl e' eg r o he ha n tt o- ke . m oye s sugges i t ons and r ecom m endatons m ay sil be deem ed t have i tl o t r i ul r w e g ' e n i a hi r l ve m a ers d tc a pa i ht' ve f ghe e l nag ' r co m enda i n ha m or i pora e a e n i t e pl e e m to s e m tnc nd ve f he m oye doe notha a hort t m a t uli a e de son as t t s ve ut iy o ke he tm t cii o he 17 e pl ' c nge i s a us m oyees ha n tt . 29 C. R.j 5411 Ba e on t s c urshavef F. .05. s d hi, o t ound û riulrweg 'whee,f e mpl, ç tc a iht' r or xn e pa a e o e' pe f r a e r e afe t ot e oye 'pa s e Gel us v.W a - a t n mpl ye s r o m nc eviw f ced her mpl es y, e ha lM r St es I ,769F.Supp. 1 ,1 18 ( D.Te 2011,a whees or . nc. 2d 071 08 -2 E. x. ) nd r upenr orde nde on i s pe d t pe f r a he r o m nce r vi w s pe f m e by a e pl , s e M onr Fiefght r A s ' 600 F. e e r or d n m oyee e oe r e s s n, Sup 24790,801( . La. p. W D. 2009) . As Yokohama poi sout M a tn expr s l a lnowl dge t tW ohlor ga M a tn' nt , ri e sy cc e d ha f d ve ri s r com m enda i s g f c nt w e g i m a ng t de s on t t r i t Le r Sm ih, a e ton i nii a i ht n ki he ci i o e m na e ona d t n e oye M a tn s r s d. Se M a tn De a 78- A ddii na l Yokohn a poi s t mpl e ri upe vie e ri p. t 80. t o ly, m nt o M ari sadmison t t f pr to r e oye ,he pr pa e wee y pe f m a r vi tn' s i ha , or obai na y mpl es e rd kl r or nce e ews a ma r c nd de e omm e tonsa t whehe t e o ess d be r t i d a of e e r gulr nda i so t r he mplye houl e ane nd f r d e a e oy nt J- a 49- Yokohnma as poit t t t tmony ofa he s f s r ior mpl me . J, t 50. lo ns o he esi not r hit upe vs who ha t s m e dute a M a tn,Thomas D.Nee .ECF No.33- Nee De a 23.N e l s he a is s ri l 5, l p. t e tsiidt t tndtus M a t )ete h dt ea to iy o a t al dd tef l wi : e u s etfe ha he a h , ri i r a h uh rt , r cu ly i h ol ng rq e t n h o di c plne f e pl es w a k a e pl yee ou oft pl nti he vi a ed co pa nle ,m a s i i or m oye , l n m o t he a f ol t m ny l s ke e oye wor a sgnment,a ove ordia ove va aton r quess m oniore pl e br a mpl e k si s ppr s ppr c i e t, t m oye e k tm esa dicplnepeo e f t ki t l ofabr a a es s f t is on hi s f i hi i nd s i i pl or a ng oo ong e k, ddr s a ey s ues s hit n s di so a a sg ovetme( t khedoeste r da '. lDe a 32viin, nd s in ri a as çvey y')Nee p. t 36. l r s n e Ma t r le s eyo hi o tsi n ta h t in' g t(n js y s i ' n epo s , ri eis oll n s wn e t y h t e i d t e a y a -o n' n mo d whe he or notpr tona y e pl s we e r t ne t t he wo d gi a ba pe f ma e t r oba i r m oyee r eai d, ha ul ve d ror nc r vi w a t e pl e w oul ge hied a e e nd he m oye d t r nywa t t i t n' up t hi . Es en i l he y, ha t t was t o m ' s taly, ' t s ii d t t he g e tfe ha ave i , a t t hi i nput nd ha s nput w a i nor M a tn D e at 50. M ari a s s g ed. ri p. tn l o tsiid t t he n v r itr iwe p os e tv e o e s fr j b a Yo o a .M a t e tfe ha e e n e ve d r p ci e mply e o o s t k h ma ri n 18 D e a 48. p. t The Cou tconcudest tM ari st tm o tken asa whol i i uf i ntt c e t a r l ha tn' esi ny, a e, s ns fc e o r a e dipu e ofma e i f cton t sis .M a tn' opi o may nothave a waysbee f l d by s t t ral a hi s ue ri s ni ns l n olowe u pperm a nage nt but t Cour c ude -as M a tn hi s fha co e d-t thi o i me , he t oncl s ri m el s nc de ha s ptons wee (tl s oc sonal gi s fce wei .l s t t Cour i fr y c nc d t r a ea t ca i ly) ven ufiint ght n hor, he t s iml onvi e hat M a tn i an e mpt % xe utve'unde t FLSA, a t t no r as bl f c fnde c d ri s xe ç c i ' e r he nd ha e ona e a ti r oul co l ot r i e.6 nc ude he w s C . A m er c W ih Di abiii sA c C l m s i ans t s lt e t ai Asnotd,M atn a s rst spaae cai t e ri s e t wo e rt l ms mdert ADA:( )Yokoha fie t he 1 ma ald o ac ommodaehi dia lt ofdibees a ( hewasc tu tveydichage be aus ofhi c t s sbiiy a t ; nd 2) onsr ci l s r d c e s diabiiy.Ast hi f iur t a c moda e cai ,t Cour co l s lt o s a l e o c om t l m he t ncudest r a e diput off c he e r s es a t t t e l d s mmayj d me to t scam i ise trt , lh u hs meo teb ssf rt i ha prcu e u r u g n n hi li n t n iey at o g o f h a e o hs cam ae wih u f u d to .By c nr s,Yo ha ' s mmay j d me tmoin a t h s li r to t o n ain o tat ko ma s u r u g n to s o i c nsr ci dic ag cam i weltk n i .te ei i u fce te d n efo whih aj r o tu t s h r e li s l a e . ,h r s ns fiin vie c r m c u y ve e c d fnd i M a tn' f voron t tcli oul i n ri s a ha a m. 1 Faiur t A cc m odat . l e o om e A f izet a c mmo aecam u d rteADA r q ie ap an ift s o ç 1 ta h alr o c o d t li n e h t e ur s litf o h w:d ) h t e ( wa a i vi lwhohadadia lt wihi t me ngoft saut ( t tt gmpl r s n ndi dua s biiy t n he ani he tt e; 2) ha he e oyej ha notc ofhi diabiiy;( t t wih r s bl ac ommodai he c d pero m t d ie s s lt 3) ha t ea ona e c ton oul fr he 6 M at as agu ta agrntofs mmayj d nti Yo ha sfvo onhi FLSA cam ri lo r es h t a n u l u gme n ko ma' a r s li woul be i d nconsit wih t r ul i anot cas i t s dit i , As r v.Aphelon Tec Svs sent t he es t n her e n hi srct he i hs. . it a ao s I .,1 99 U. Dit LEXI 8 63 ( . Va 1 9) I As r J ge W is n d nid t n e rt r. nc 9 S. s. S 6 W D. . 99 . n he , ud lo e e he p antf smo i frs mmayj gme t tndngt tt e eweedip t so f c a t wh t ron oft l i if ton o u r ud n ,i i ha h r r s u e f a t s o ehe e he plitfs Rusel wa ama g ra e o e J dg W is n s cfc lynotdt tlh r c r (i no anif, s l, s na e il mplye . u e lo pe iial e ha d e e o d ddj t t cl rl r ea y evealt ext ofRus el' m a he ent s ls nagementac i tesv'1 U. Dit LEXI 8663,a *7.Her tvii ' 999 S. s . S t e, by cont as,t ext ntofM ari sm anagementac i teshasbe f l tes outa compela fndi r t he e tn' tvii en uly l hed nd i ng t hei exempt hat s . 19 e s nta f nci of t poston s e il u tons he ii . a ( t t t (mplye) rf s d t ma s h ; nd 4) ha he e o r e u e o ke uc a c mmo ains' Rh a s v.F. IC. 25 F.d 3 3 3 7 n.1 ( t Ci.20 1 ( u tto co d t . o d o ' D.. , 7 3 7 , 8 1 4h r 0 ) q oain omit ) W is v.Dola Ge a Cop.71 F. 337,3 ( h Ci.201 .l or rt pr vi ted ; lon lr nerl , 7 3d 45 4t r 3) n de o o de notc ,M a tn wa r r d t i or t e pl ye of bo h t dia lt a t e oye s ie ri s equie o nf m he m o r t he s biiy nd he mpl e' ne d f a omm odai ,alhough he ne d notus t phr e û e s bl a co moda i ' e or cc tons t e e he as s a ona e c m r ton. ' E. O. v.Fe e a Ex r s Co p. 51 F.d 3 0 3 9 (t Ci.2 08 .W he d tr nn E. C. d rl p es r , 3 3 6 , 6 4h r 0 ) n eemiig whe he a e pl t r n m oyee hasr ue t d t thi e oye m a r s na e a co moda i unde eq se ha s mpl r ke ea o bl c m tons r t ADA, t Fourh Cic t ha nle t t a d s bl d e o e pos e s a ge r l he he t r ui s l d ha i a e mpl ye di s s es ne a r s i lt t i onn hi e o t ts h a commodatonsa ene es a y. I Addii l e ponsbiiy o nf s mpl yer ha uc c i r c s r ' d. ' tonaly, dgl ii i t f t elme ti t ADA rquie ntt tt e oye a e o ee ge 'implct n he ourh e n s he e rme ha he mpl r nd mplye nga i a i e a tvepr s t i ntf ar s bl a omm odai n. Ha n n nt r c i oce s o de iy ea ona e cc to ' nekev.M i Ata i Ca ' d- lntc p. M c . 1 F. p' 3 9 40 ( t Ci. 0 5 (iig2 C. R.j1 3 .(94 :. mt, 31 Ap x 9 , 0 4 h r 2 0 ) ct 9 F. n 6 02 ( 3 M ari c am s t thi di bees c tt es a dia lt t tYokohn a k w a tn l i ha s a t onsiut s biiy, ha m ne bouthi s dia lt a t t Yokohn a f ie t ac om moda e hi dibe es M a tn r le on t e s biiy, nd ha m al d o c t s a t . ri ei s hr e i tnce t t he cli e h c tt e a f iur t a c moda e.Att he i M a tn' nsa s ha a ms ac onsiutd a l e o c om t he arng, ri s c ouns le e mpha i e t tt f iur t a omm odae c am wa bas d on Yokoha a' f itr t sz d ha he al e o cc t li s e m s a lle o: ( )alw M a t t o ft atn me ia a p it nsa d alw hm tmeo fwh n h wa 1 l o ri i f o te d dc l p o nme t n lo i i f e e s n me il ( al hi t e trgulrs c o meas a ()pr e hi t t Di son 40 l; 2) low m o a e a na ks r l; nd 3 omot m o he vii 0 s r s posto Asdes rbe i mor deai beow,t e m' diput off c t tpr cl upe vior ii n. ci d n e tl l her e s es a t ha e ude s mmay j d me to h sfrtrq e td a c mmo ain.Theu ip td fcse tbih t t u r u g n n i is e u se c o d t o nds u e a t sa ls ha Yo o n i e tte t s mma y j d me t a t t s c n a d t id alg d fi le t k h ma s n ild o u r u g n s o he e o d n hr l e alr s o e t accom m odat A s t t second, t e. o he here i no evi s dence M ari w as ever not per it t eat tn m ted o r gul r s ks a m e s A s t t t r t s cl i f is bo h bec us M a tn ne r i onned e a nac nd al . o he hid, hi a m a l t a e r i ve nf 20 a nyone he wa s e ng t pr s e ki he omoton a a a c moda i f r hi dia lt a be aus he i s n c om ton o s s biiy, nd c e a mish wa n t h mos q aiida p ia tf rtej b. d t e s o t e t u l e p lc n o h o f a. Faiur t A low T i e O f Fr W ork f D od or A ppoi m e s and l e o l m f om or nt nt llnes 7 l s Appl ng t elm e s dic s i Rhoa ,s a t r i s fc e e de e fom yi he e nt s us ed n ds upr , he e s ufi i nt vi nc r whih aj r c ud fn t a Ma t i aq aiid idv d a wihad sb l ya dt a Yo o n c u y o l id h t ri s u lfe n ii u l t ia ii n h t k h ma n t ha notc of M a tn' dia lt he e. I e neihe of t s ee e s a e diput by d ie ri s s biiy r nde d, t r he e lm nt r s ed Yo hn ko ma. The t r a f t ee e s r r M a tn t s hid nd ourh lm nt equie ri o how t t C t r as bl ha l h e ona e wi a commodai he c d pef m t e s nta f nci oft poston ... a ()t tt c ton oul ror he s e il ' tons he ii u ; nd 4 ha he (mply r rf s dt ma s c a c mmo ain . Rh a s 2 7 F.d a 3 7 n.1 ;Hap rn v. e o e) eu e o ke u h c o d to s' o d , 5 3 t 8 ' 1 lei Abac Tec Co . 1 F. us h. m , 28 3d 1 ( h Ci. 1 97 4t r 997) (he bude of i ntf ng al t r n de iyi r a c mmo aint t ud alw aq lfe id vd a t p ro m t ej br sswihtep an if c o d to ha wo l l o uaiid n i iu l o ef r h o et t h litf, a does t uli a e bur n of pe s i n w ih r s c t de onsr tng t t s s he tm t de r uas o t e pe t o m ta i ha uch a n a commodai i r s bl . c ton s ea ona e) Yokoha aar ue t tM a tn ne rr que t a a omm odai n,a t t ti di no m g s ha ri ve e sed n cc to nd hus ha t d t r f et m a a a c moda i Putdif r nty,i co e M a tn ne rga no ie o hi e us o ke ny c om ton. fe e l t nt nds ri ve ve tc f s ne d f ra a c mmo ain S eFe ea Ex rs Co . 5 3F.d a 3 9 (mply ei rq ie e o n c o d to . e d rl p e s m , 1 3 t 6 e o e s e ur d t gi t ie of nee f a a co o ve ç c not d or n c mmodai ).The Cour c l ,howe r t t a ton' t oncudes ve , ha r a o a l j r c ud fn h h s etb ih d b t ta h g v n tc o hs n e f r a e s n be u y o l id e a sa ls e oh h t e a e oie f i e d o r s nabl a commodaton,and t tt a omm odai wasr us ea o e c i ha he cc ton ef ed. As t whehe he r ue t d a a omm oda i a i ntfed wha t ac om moda i o t r eq se n cc ton nd de ii t he c ton 7 A naI zi M ari s r y ng tn' eques f l t or eave as a accom modaton i dif t i par be e t n i s fkul, n t caus he pari s s t be a t i t s te eem o temptng o hoehor t f s oft scas i o an ADA a n he act hi e nt ccomm oda i famewor ton r k, whe i m a ftm or ne l i o t ca egor ofa cl m undert Fam iy and M edi Leave Ac t the n t y i e aty nt he t y ai he l cal t ha was de ed l ni eave.As pr vi l not d,however M ari has notaleged a cl m undert FM LA .See e ousy e , tn l ai he s a a 4upr t 5. 21 w a , Yokoham a f us s on M a tn' a i s on t he di not g t H pm an Re our e a s oc e ri s dm s i hat d o o l s c s nd e es l r que t a ac omm oda i fom t ,a ou lne i t e oye ha xpr sy e s n c ton r hem s ti d n he mpl e ndboo s e k, e M a tn De . a 1 2- and Ex. 23 t r o. But Yokoha a ha as a gue t t i ri p t 8 84 m s lo r d ha t he et 8 ç co m odat d' M a tn' ne d t a t nd doc o s appoi m e s by t iat r l c ngi hi s m ac e ' ri s e o te t r' nt nt m l e aly ha ng s s it o awe k n s i wh c aj r c ud itmrta Yo o a a k o e gn hi n e f r hf t e e d hf ih u y o l n e e s k h ma c n wld i g s e d o t s e a co m odaton. om c m i Si nii an l mor ove ,Yokohn hasnotdiput t tM a tn a ke t be a et us g fc ty, e r ma s ed ha ri s d o bl o e m e c l a o as tt r bass Hi r ques f t tlavewa de e o Se e dial e ve n hor-e m i . s e t or ha e s nid n pt mber1 2009 0, a t mor ng ofSe e r 11 2009,whe W ohlor t d hi t r por t wor de pie hi nd he ni pt mbe , n f d ol m o e t o k s t s be ng s i l il M a tn a s wor d e le t twe a i Oc obe ,des t beng ver il i erousy l. ri lo ke arir ha ek nd n t r pie i y l, be us he was c ca e once ne a r d boutW ohlor s neg tve a lt c e ni M a tn' us ofl a f d' a i tiude onc r ng r i s e e ve. Li wi e a t ug he w as pe ted t utlze l a on A ugus 26- 2009,he w a a gua y ke s , lho h nnit o ii e ve t 28, s r bl r t la e agans f doi s by bei f ce t wor on awee nd whe he di notnor a l e a it d i t or ng o, ng or d o k ke n d m ly wor a by bei as t do t s no ly r e v f pr ton e oye .Addii ly, k, nd ng ked o a ks nna l es r ed or oduc i mpl es tonal he al gest the s f r d sg t an m e ca pr e asar s tofwo ki whie sc M a tn le ha ufe e i nik t di l obl ms e ul r ng l i k, ri De l ! 1 1 a basd on t uniaealy-mpos s f c nge t we ke wor M atn c. ! 3- 5, nd e he ltr l i ed hit ha o e nd k. ri De a 1 5 21 ( at e p an n ta t e ne s f < se u gil rg ltn (i) p. t 7 , 2 M ri x lii g h t h w hit E sd p h s e uaig h s n me me ii , h se tn a d se pn h bt) Ac o dn l,te Co r c ncu e t r i s fiin dcne' i aig n le ig a is. c r igy h u t o ld s hee s u fce t ' e i e c fo whihaj r c ud tn h rq e tda a c mmo aina dwa d n e i. v d n e r m c u y o l i d e e u se n c o d to n s e id t A r a o bej r c ud as fn t tM at srq e td a c mmo ain t th b e s na l u y o l lo id ha ri e u se c o d to - ha e e n' gi n a s tpe i of l ve i o der t ge hi di be e unde c r a m e ca i n be t r ve hor r od ea , n r o t s a ts r ont ol nd di to te B Y kohama' empl s oyee ha ndbook s fi t tdAn qualfed . . peci es ha t ii O y . e ly ewi adsbly mpo e t ia it h i who r q rsa a c e uie n c ommo to i or rt pe f m t e s nta f cinso t j b s ul c n a tte dain n de o ror he s e ll un to f he o ho d o t c h human r our deparm entand r es ces t eques an accom modaton.'M ari Dep.Ex.23.M a tn adm ist the t i ' tn ri t ha neve t ked t anyone i HR aboutan accom modaton f hi diabiiy.M ari Dep.a 1 84. r al o n i or s s lt tn t 83- 22 r gul t s t the w oul be a e t r t n t w or a pe f r t e s nta fm c i ns of hi e a ed o ha d bl o e ur o k nd r o m he s e i l t to s j wa ar as bl one.Boh t ADA r ai a t Fourh Cic tha rc nie ob- s e ona e t he egultons nd he t rui ve e og z d t ta s t rod ofl a t obt i te t ntma bear s na e a comm o ton.Se W is n, ha hor pe i e ve o an r a me y ea o bl c da i e lo 71 F. a 3 45 (e ogni ng t tl r ti t us of a c ue pad la orprvi ng 7 3d t 44- r c zi ha s mitng he e c r d i e ve pe o di a tonalunpai lave f nec sar te t nt . ' ma be a ras bl a ommodai ddii d e or e s y r ame ' y e ona e cc ton) ( i 29 C. R.j 1 2(9) A l verques i nota t e ona ea co quotng F. 630. ( . ea e t s n mras bl c mmodai i is ton û t on fc s ln a i ()i f ral td fnt peid o tme ()c n it o a c e p i la eo a e o o g s t 1 s o i e , ii ro f i ; 2 o sss f c nld ad e v r mi e un i l ve;a ()i s pad ea nd 3 s hown t be lkey t ac e alve ofs ce st twile bl t o i l o hive e l uc s ha l na e he idv d a t pef nnt ee s nilfn to o tej b i q e to ) W is n 71 F.da 3 5n. n ii u l o ro h s e ta u cins f h o n u sin . lo , 7 3 t 4 7 (iigHap r v. a Fo etUnv. at Sce c s 6 9F.d4 4 4 - 6(t Ci. 01 )a d ctn l en W ke r s i He l in e , 6 3 5 , 65 6 4h r 2 2 n h My r v Hos , 0 F.d27 , 3 ( t Ci.1 9 ). Th r a es fiin fcsfo whih aj r e s . e 5 3 8 28 4h r 9 5 )9 ee r u fce t a t r m c u y c d f nd t e t e f c o s s ts i d.To s m a i e, c t ui t f c s i t lg m os oul i hes hr e a t r a i fe um r z ons r ng he a t n he i ht t f vor bl t M a t a t Cour mus,W o f d f c d M a tn t say a w o k on Se t mbe 1 a a e o ri s he n t t hlor or e ri o t t r p e r 0, 2009 a t c ei on Se e r11 2009,eve t ug M a tn ha c muni aed t thewas nd o om n pt mbe , n ho h ri d om c t ha ve y il a ne ded t be of fom wo k.The wihou e gi i t i er c i pr s r l, nd e o f r r n, t t nga ng n he nt a tve oce s r quied onc a e pl e r e r e n m oye eque t a di a lt ,1 Y oko m a sm pl t ia e a l i pos d a ss s biiy 0 hn i y m l t r ly m e n f c o d to '( s f c a e t we k n wo k t a Ma t alg sa tal ma ei mo e t c mmo ai n' a hit h ng o e e d r ) h t ri le e cu ly d t r a n 9 By contas , a r r t equesed accomm oda i t t an empl t ton ha oyee be per itd t t ext nded or m te o ake e i i t l ve,or t lave on an asndefnie ea ake e needed bass i ge aly consi r t notbe r onabl See i, s ner l de ed o eas e. Mye sv.Hos .5 F.d 2 ,28 -8 ( t Ci.9 )(e s na l a c mmo to pr viinso t ADA r e 0 3 78 2 3 4h r1 95 r a o be c o dain o so f he do notr r empl rs t ç ai i i t y,'pr di e ended l ve,whie a empl tquie oye o ç t ndefniel ' ovi ng xt w ea l n oyee' healh s t i r e ) Rho dsv.F. IC.95 F.Su 1 9 ( M d.1 97 ,rv' on ohe z o s 2 F. 3 mp ov s ; a D.. , 6 pp. 23 D. 9 ) e d t r r und , 57 3d 73 ( h Ci. 01 (sre ulratn n e i ge r l une sohe wiee tbls d r g r e a a e s nil 4t r 20 ) çlj g a te da c s ne al ls t r s sa ihe , e a d d s n se ta y, f i of s h empl uncton uc oyment' as a r ul,çcours ha f i' es t l t ve ound openended wor s k chedul t f las a es o ai r a on bl a c e s a e c ommo to ..' . dain .) ' 1 se 29 c.. .j 1 30. 0)(lto d tr net a r praer a o be a c mmo ton yora 0 e F R 6 2( G j ee mi he pp o it e s na l c o dai g gie e oy eqi ma ben c s ay f rt gmplye)t iiit a i o l i e a tvepr es wi v n mpl e , t y e e sr o he e o r o ntae n nf nna, ntrci oc s t h tegmgo e l) Th e ly ra d e ly eb t h v a o l ain t p riiaei ti itrcie h e ly e'. e mpo e n mpo e oh a e n bi t o at p t n hs neatv ' g o c pr c s l goo f ih.S eas Kli rv. ndao Am. M.l .48 F. 86 871( t Ci. 07 . o e s n d at e lo ebe Ho f Mf .nc, 5 3d 2, 6h r 20 ) 23 difc tf hi t m a f ul or m o nage hi di t ,eve i i a l d hi t go t doc o ' a i m e s s abees n f t lowe m o o t r s ppo nt nt dur ng t w e i he ek. The Co t ac ur knowldges t t t s c e i unus l i t t i t t c f lle t e ha hi as s ua n ha n he ypial aitr o ac m moda e c s a a co oda i ha be de e and t dia e e o e i et r co t a e, n c mm ton s en ni d he s bl d mpl ye s ihe t r i t d,quis a a r ul ofnotbeng ofe e t a omm odai ort r i o he wie s e e m na e t s es t i f r d he cc ton, he e s t r s om a r eaci tke a ns t e oye Se Louleg v.AkzoN o ll ,1 F.d 731 734 dve s ton a n gai t he mpl e. e s ed be nc. 78 3 , (t Ci. 1 5h r 999) ( tng t t t neal . noi ha i rly ge .cli t t a e oyee ha be de e a ams ha n mpl s en nid r a ona e a c moda i a e a co pa e b cli s t t t pli tf wa no hie nor e s bl c om ton r c m ni d y am ha he a n if s t r d, pr omot or dic r d or demot 'but r cognii t t i i ç r ed, s ha ge ed' e z ng ha t s s guabl t t t f itr t a e ha he a lze o ac mmodaea e oyeesa ngal may gvers t acli unde t ADA' ;s se. , co t n mpl tndi one i ie o am r he ' ee g. ) W is 71 F. 337(mpl ewastr nae . lon, 7 3d e oye e mi td) A lhough t Co tc l s t tM a tn w a no c t c i l di c r d,& e i r a t he ur onc ude ha r i s t ons nz tve y s ha ge e nf a t Seci n I. 2,a whie i a to lC. nd l t ppea s hi y unlkey t t Cour t the q tbec us of t r ghl i l o he t ha ui a e he f iur t a omm oda e 1 M a tn has ofe e hi own s n t si ony t tt r s he q t al e o cc t , 1 ri frd s wor e tm ha he ea on ui was t t he c d no l r de wih t lck of ac omm oda i a i pa tc a , t ha oul onge al t he a c ton nd, n riul r he unwilng s ofW o f d t a l hi t tke la whe il M a tn De a 1 23. li ne s hlor o low m o a e ve n l. ri p. t 22- I s mmay M at se d n ei s fce t owih tn sl r j d me tTh s te n u r , ri vie c s ufiin t t sa d l n' mmay u g n . u ,h Co r DE ES s mmayj d me to t ecam ta Yo o a f i dt a c mmo aeh s u t NI u r u g n n h li h t k h ma al o c o d t i e di abiiy by de ng hi hi r que t f s tt r l a s lt nyi m s e s s or hor -e m e ve. b. Faiur t A low Suf i i ntBr ls f Eatng Snac and M e s l e o l fce ea t or i ks al A s de c i s a a Se ton IB . t undiput d f t i t s c s s s rbed upr t c i . , he s e ac s n hi a e how t tM a tn w a ha ri s 1 As di us ed i mor deai i t cont xtofhi consruc i dichar cl m , M ari ne 1 sc s n e t l n he e s t tve s ge ai tn ver r s hi di es or t aleged f l e t accom modat t a aied s abet he l aiur o e o nyone on t day he qui He cl m s he t. ai , however t he was f i pari ary badl t weeke be or and t he di t ll c Siva about , hat eelng tcul l y he nd f e hat d el tik l t ton M onday.M ari Dep.at1 36,138. ha tn 35- 24 a e t t ke s oki br aks r gul ry a t t t r w e e ve i m a hi s i t s oke s bl o a m ng e e a l nd ha he e r nd ng c ne n he m r ' br ak r .M a tn wa a s r quied t go t hi ofk e a l a te r t hotr t pr vi e oom ri s lo e r o o s t t e s ve y wo ls o o de r pors a t r we e a r fi r t a a m ir e t nd he e r e rge a or nd c owave i hi ofi e I i as t s t d t t n s fc . t s lo mdipu e ha M a tn wa per itd t e on t pr ton fo .Thus e n as umi t M ari ha ri s m te o at he oduci l or , ve s ng hat tn d e es e ge a l t t he nee d t be abl t ea a r ul r i e v s t e i e v l w e e xpr s d ner ly ha de o e o t t eg a nt r al , hos nt r a s r a l e t hi .The f t t the m a ha had t pe f m ot r t s whie e tng doe not vaiabl o m ac ha y ve o ror he a ks l a i s mea t the wa notpe m it d t e t l s t t t e e t t M a tn c n ha s r te o a . n hor, o he xt nt ha ri ommunia e s h c t d uc br a we e ne es a y,t Cour c ude t tYokohama pr de t m a a ma trofco s e ks r c s r he t oncl s ha ovi d he s te ur e i hij n s ob. C. Fa l e t Pr ot H i t D i s on 400 Supe i or Pos ton iur o om e m o vi i rv s ii Si lry,M a tn' c e i t thewast ni t ac omm oda i ofa ta f rt 'a mia l ri s ontnton ha i ed he c de ton r nse o' s r i or pos ton i D i son 400,i m e il s .ECF N o.34 a 26.A lhough M a tn a l es upe v s y ii n vi i s rte s t t r i leg t t t s poston woul ha alowe hi t t te m a ha hi ii d ve l d m o ç t r nage hi dibe i c ton, i , be s a tc ondii ' d. ' notc a y a e fom hi de l r ton i a a s ri n t the t d a ne he ne ded s h a i e bl bs nt r s c a a i s ny s e to ha ol nyo e uc poston as a a co moda i f r hi me c co to or t t he e r r quese i a a ii n c m ton o s di al ndii n, ha ve e t d t s n a omm odai n.M or ove ,t i vi who ma t hii decson t tfed t thedi not cc to e r he ndi dual de he rng ii tsii ha d e e k o M a t wa da ei. No. 3 1 , la h rDe l1 - . v n n w ri s ib tc ECF 3 - 0 Galg e c .53 6 n Furhe mor whie ata f t ano he o n posten ma i s t r e, l r nser o t r pe ii y n ome c s sbea r as bl ae e ona e a co c mmodai s e 42 U. C. j 1 1119) (ea o bl a c ton, e S. 2 ( r s na e c ommodai ma i l ton y ncude t e sin n t a v c n p sto ' a p o t n t a hg e -a n j b i n ta ra o a l s a sg me t o a a t o iin), r moi o ih rp yig o s o e s n be r o ac mm oda i i a e oye i no qualte f t tposton.Se e. ,Hube v.W a - a t co ton f n mpl e s t ii d or ha ii e. a. r lM r Str s l ,486 F. 480,483- ( t Ci.2007)(heADA doe notrquiea e oye t o e . nc. 3d 84 8h r t s e r n mpl r o r si aqualfe dia e e oye t aj f whiht r i amor quai da i n) se ea sgn iid sbld mpl e o ob or c hee s e lfe pplca t; e 25 alo M as l v.AT&T M obiiy,793 F. Supp.2d 761 768- ( S. 2011 (oleci s rhal lt , 69 D. C. ) c l tng auhort s hol ng) M a tna te i hi de ii t tt i vi lhie frt Di son t iy o di . ri dmitd n s poston ha he ndi dua rd o he vii 400 poston w a m or qua ii d t M a tn w a . ii s e lfe han r i s Cons r tve D i e ge t uc i s har To esabls a prm a f ci c s f r wr t ih i a e ae o ongf l di c r unde t A D A , M a tn m us u s ha ge r he ri t pr veEby a prpo rnce oft evi nce t t()he wa i t pr e td cl s ( he wa o ç e ndea he de ha 1 s n he otce as; 2) s d s h r e ( )a t e t o te d sh r e h wa p ro mig h sj b a a lv lt tme hs ic ag d; 3 t h i f h ic a g , e s ef r n i o t e e ha t i me e oye ' l tmae e ttons a ( hi dic r oc ure unde crumsa est t mpl rs egii t xpecai ; nd 4) s s hage c rd r ic tnc ha r s d a r a ona e i e e of unl u di c i i to ' Enni v. a ' A s ' ofBus & Educ. ai e e s bl nf r nce awf l s r m na i n. ' s N tl s n . Radi I ,53F. 55,58( h Ci.1 . o. ncv 3d 4t r 995) W he e,a he e,a pl i if wa not tr i t d,but c am s t the wa c t c i l r s r antf s e m na e l i ha s onsnz tve y dic r d,he f c a hi h blr n.Spe ii aly,he m us s s ha ge a es g zde c fc l t how t thi e o r delbe a e y ha s mpl ye i rtl m a hi wor ng c tons i ol r bl i a e f tt i tt e o t q t Honor v. de s ki ondii nt e a e n n for o nduc he mpl yee o ui. Booz- ln & Hn lom I ,38 F.d 1 1 87 ( h Ci.2004) Thewor ng c tons Ale mit nc. 3 3 80, 86- 4t r . ki ondii mu t b o j ci ey i tlrb e a d c n o be b sd o a e o e b i tmra o a l s y be tv l no ea l n a n t a e n n mply e eng t e s n b y t s nstv ' t hi wo kn e v rn n . l .a 1 7 n. (ing God mih v Ma o & Ci e iie' o s r ig n io me t' d t 8 2 ct ' i ls t . v r t y Counci of Batmor 987 F. 1 l li e, 2d 064,1 ( h Ci.1 072 4t r 993:.Thus whie çll e oye i , l san mpl e s pr eced fom a c l ult d efo tt pr s e hi i o r i na i t oug t i ot t r a c a e f r o es ur m nt esg ton hr h he mposto of ii n t e s n bl has c ndto ,i e c s o to e f c d b h s c - r es (l i no . mra o a y rh o i ns n x e s f h s a e y i o wo k r, h e s t i gua a e a wor ng en r e t fe of sr s' l Thus t Cic t has r c ze t t r nt ed ki vionm n r e tes . d. ' , he r ui e ogni d ha c tons mus be s i olr bl as t c ondii t o nt e a e o ompel a r s na e pe s t r sgn.' I at 1 ea o bl r on o e i ' d. 87 (iai omitd) cttons te . Ba e on t e de e bef r t Cour,i i c e rt tM ari c nnotm e tt ssa r sd he vi nc o e he t t s l a ha tn a e hi t nda d 26 a t t thi c tuci dic r cli f isa a ma troflw.Asdic s d i t f c ua nd hus ha s onsr tve s ha ge am a l s te a s us e n he a t l ba ound oft s c e M a tn poi s t a numbe ofi de st the s yswe e a efo tt ckgr hi as , ri nt o r nci nt ha a r n fr o f c hi t r sgn.Summai ng,Ma tn alge hewa f ce t r in be us ()on t ore m o e i rzi ri le s s or d o esg ca e 1 wo oc sons hi s r s s ma i e ii c ca i , s upe vior de ns nstve omm e st tc d be c tu d a r fe tng a nt ha oul onsr e s e l ci n a musbasd on hi dia lt ( W ohlod rquie M a tn t wor whe i1ort ma up ni e s sbiiy; 2) f r e r d ri o k n 1 o ke tme h mis d t atn d co ' a p it n s ()Yo o n c n e h ss f t we k n i e s e o te d o trs p on me t; 3 k h ma ha g d i hit o e e d wor wihout dic sng i wih hi a ( on one we kend,he wa fr e t d no k t s usi t t m; nd 4) e s o c d o o ns r ior wor a r t i to f t ki tme of 1 upe vs y k s ealai n or a ng i E2 Even asumi aloft e oc ure a t tt # e bi s s tofdici naor s ng l hes c rd nd ha he xhi t ome or s rmi t y a musby Swize a W ohlor t r i silno e de e t tpur e ula tonswe et ke by ni t r nd f d, he e s tl vi nc ha pos f c i r a n t m i a a tmptt ge hi t r sgn,nori t r s fcinte de et s he n n te o t m o ei s he e ufi e vi nc o how t thi wor ng ha s ki e r nvionme was s i ol r bl t ta r s bl pe s n woul ha f l c nt o nt e a e ha n ea ona e r o d ve et ompeled t r sgn. l o ei Tw o ke f t r c nc t Cour t tM a tn f ist s w he w asc t c i y di c r y ac o s onvi e he t ha r i a l o ho onsnz tvel s ha ged. Fis,a m os i pora l t i i nt t ti medit l pr c d M a tn' de ii t rt nd t m tnty, he ncde s ha m a ey e ede ri s c son o qui we e M a tn' ou burt durng t me tng r ga di W aki ' ha a s t al ga i , t r ri s t ss i he e i e r ng t ns r s men le tons M a tn' r uli s pe i wihoutpa a t pr e wih hi pa hec de i beng ri s es tng us nson t y, nd he obl m t s yc k post i r ve s d.Thes we e t i i nt, a i i nt i vi hi pa a t r ve s d diec e re e r he nc de s nd nc de s nvol ng s y nd he e r e r t de i i pa tc a ,t tM a tn c post n riulr ha ri ompli d abouton t da he q t Se ECF No.33- Dos ane he y ui. e 8, s Dec.( n M atn c ye hewasquitng,hes i heç ups thi pa ha be n doc ' l whe ri onve d ti ad ç was e s y d e ked' and t d Ad Br e t tç spayc c wa de ie i o hi a coun and t n t ke out a ol nm uc ha ç hi he k s postd nt s c t he a n , nd hewa notha a i';ECF No.33- Bnz De .(n ) ECF No.33- Ne De a 44 s ppy bout t' ) 9, ce cl sme; 5, el p. t 1 The Cour does not consde M ari s s pe on f hi conduc durng t W a ki 2 t i r tn' us nsi or s t i he t ns i tgatve meetngsort r s ofhi diectde i t bef t st tcoul s nvesi i i he ever al s r post o ac or ha d uppor hi consr tve t s tuc i dicha ge cl m undert ADA .Ther i a ol el no evi s r ai he e s bs ut y dence bef e t Courtt eihe oft e or he hat t r hos event had anyt ng t do w ih hi diabiiy orhi need f any accom modaton. s hi o t s s lt s or i 27 (e ali t whe he s rc lng hat n poke wih Ma tn on hi l tda he wa u e abouthi pa a t ri s as y s pst s y nd s ika l $ ha ove tme on hi c c a t t t overi e and put t m hotr pecf ly, t he d ri s he k nd hey ook he tm he ls twad tetmeh mis d i 1r me e rg t',ECF No 3 - ,W ad De l (ttn ta o o r s h i e s e , f e mb r ih .) ' . 3 7 r c . saig h t n t da he qui,M a tn cn e t W a d' ofi çal was u ett thi die tde i ha bee he y t ri m o r s fce trd ps ha s r c post d n r ve s d ...He wa v y ups taboutt r ver a oft de i and m e i ned t ts ve al e re s er e he e s l he post nto ha e r c e k h db u c d' Fu temo e M at s i nohn d rngteW aknsi v siain o i h c s a o n e . rh r r , ri ad t ig u i h ). n ti n etg to , r n a oft mee i ,abouthi dibets or a f iur t a commodat hi di t .Se ond,a ny he tngs s a e al e o c e s abees c s Yokoha a not ,i M a tn' s r s s ha wantd t tr i t hi ,hi own ou burt a m es f ri s upe vior d e o e m na e m s t ss nd a tonsdlrngt Oc obe 6,2009 m e tng pr vi d a e e lntopporuniy t do t t I t d ci zi he t r ei o de n xc le t t o ha . nsea of t nni tng hi , how e r hi s r i or onl s pe d hi f hi c e na i m ve , s upe v s s y us nde m or s onduc durng t t i he me tn ,a d h ltrrc ie a m itn wanng S eig n e ae e ev d te r i . ummay j dg n i t rf r GRANTED r u me t s heeo e agans M a tn' c t c i di c r cli .3 i t ri s onsnztve s ha ge am 1 11 1. C ON CLU SI N O F rte f rg i r a o , k h ma sM oin f rS mmayj d me t ECF No. 2 i o h o e ong e s ns Yo o a ' t o u r u g n , o 3 ,s GRANTED I PAR T and DENI I PART.l i GR ANTED a t a1ofPl ntf cai N ED N ts so 1 ai ifs l ms e e hi cli t tYokoha a f l t ac om moda e hi diabiiy whe i r us t alow xc pt s am ha m aied o c t s s lt n t ef ed o l hi tm e of w he il A s t t tc a m ,i i D EN I . m i f n l. o ha l i t s ED ENTER:Thi /z r s s/ ' d yo xo e e, 201 a f vmbr 3 J r i C.Ttr aù's tk Se o Unie St t sDitit dge ni r t d a e src 1 Mat ' ag ntta ga tngYo ha ssmmayj gme tmoino ti cam wo d 3 ri s rume h t rni ko ma' u r ud n to n hs li ul n E o r dc te prc de et b ihe i M ccal ( Myrl Be c Ho p,1 97 U. Ap LEXI 2 5 t nta it h e e nt sa ls d n c l v. te a h s . 9 S. p. S 374 ( t Ci.1 )' i me ils .W hieM c l a un ubls d c e a t sc s c n an ma y f cua 4h r 997 15 s rte s l cal n p ihe as - nd hi a e o t i n a t l par l s t pl ntf i M ccal w astr i t asM a i acknowl alel, he ai if n l e m naed, rtn edges.Her M ari hast s tsy t e, tn o a if he mor difcul bur n ofpr ng he wasconsr tvel dichar Asdicus ed her n,e dr w i al e fi t de ovi tuc i y s ged. s s ei ven a ng l i er nf ences i t lght m os f vor e t hi he si pl cannot esa ih t he w as consr i y n he i t a abl o m, m y t bls hat t uctvel dichar s ged. 28
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