Green v. Zachry Industrial, Inc. et al, No. 7:2011cv00405 - Document 38 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/25/2014. (ssm)
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CLERK' OFFI U, Dî COURT S CE S. ST. AT ROANOKE, VA FI LED I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I STRI COU RT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN D I STRI OF V I N I CT RGF A RO AN OK E D I SI VI ON MA2 25 2 : ' gj !,t . . - - ' . r- / 1A )- . a v.?@ .' ' (u-Y'tuv x .1 ' ) EV' a' )d . TEDD Y A . REEN , G Ci lA c i N o.7: 1CV 00405 vi t on 1 Pl n i f ai t f , M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N N O ZA CH RY I D U STRI L, N C. ET A L. N A l , , By:Hon.Gl n E. e Conr d a Chi U nie St t s Di t i tJ ef t d a e sr c udge D e e nt . f nda s Thi ca ei prs ntybeor t c ton( )t defnda ' motont dimist s s s e e l f e he our 1 he e nts i o s s he c mplitf rlc o s b e tmatr u id cino ,nt eatr aie t sa l iaina d o an o a k f u j c te j rs it r i h len tv ,o ty i g to n o t c ompe abirtonona i viualba i,a ( t pli ifsmotonf l vet a pa t l r tai n ndi d ss nd 2) he antf' i or ea o dd ry pl i if a tl a a e d c pl i . Fort r a o s tf t be ow ,t c t i t tt a ntf s nd i e n m nde om a nt he e s ns e or h l he our fnds ha he i tn d s u ei s b e t oav l a de f r e b eabtaina re n .Th r f r ,h nsa t ip t s u j c t ai n n o c a l r i to g e me t e eo e te d r de e ntsat r tve moto t sa ltga i a c f nda ' le na i i n o t y ii ton nd ompela bir to wilbe gr t d,a t r tai n l an e nd he pl i ifsm oton wilbede e antf i l nid. Backaround The pl i if Te A .Gr e brngst sac i on be l ofhi s fa a1 ot rf a ntf , ddy e n, i hi ton ha f m el nd 1 he onne r ; ( ,, * e oye oft dee ntZac yI til l (Za r ),whoweetr naedfom mpl es he fnda , hr ndusra,nc. chy r emi t r e pl e a t M e m oym nt t he adW e t co pl nti Covi t Vi gi a,o orabou Se em be 30, s va a n ng on, r ni n t pt r 20l Zac y,a na i l prva e y ow ne c t uc i a i t i m ai e nc t r , 0. hr tona , i t l d ons r ton nd ndus ral nt na e i m cont ed wih M eadW est ract t vaco t per or paperm ilm ai enance wor Zaclr hi t o f m l nt k. ly red he pl ntf t wor att M eadW esvaco pl begi ng on Augus 3,2009. A ccor ng t t ai i f o k he t ant nni t di o he #Uponr viwi t def dantsD ea eCeriiaeofAm e e ofCe ttc eofl or ai , Vigi a St t e e ng he en N lwar tfc t ndm nt ri at è nc porton r ni a e Com or ton Com m is ons a Applc ton f ra Am e ai s i , nd iai o n nded Ce tfc t ofAut iy t Tr ac Bus ne s i rii a e hort o ans t i s n Vigi a Doc tN os 13 t 1 4, he cou ti co nce t tZa r Consr ton Cor a i wast f me r ni , ke . -1 o 3- t r s nvi d ha ch y tuc i por ton he or r na eofZa hl l til l ,a i notas pa aee iy. m c ' ndusra, nc. nd s y e r t ntt ? c pl i t on Se e be 29, 0,t def nda a m o om a n , pt m r 201 he e nt l unce is i e i t 1 of t d t nt nton o ay f he e pl esa t M e m oye t he adW e t o f c lt t f l w i da On Se e be 30,201 ors r l s vac a iiy he olo ng y. pt m r 0, ho ty t r fe , he pl ntf a a oxi a el 270 o he e pl esw e e t r i t d. he ea tr t ai i f nd ppr m t y t r m oye r e m na e O n A ugus 25,2011 t pl i iffl t s c as a ton l ui, l gi t tt t , he a ntf ied hi l s c i aws t ale ng ha he de e ntvi a ed s ver lf de a s a ut i c ne ton w ih t m a s l yof a t f nda ol t e a e r l t t es n on c i t he s a f t he M ea esva o pl n .Fis,Gr e c dW t c a t r t e n ompli t tZa hr di no pr det t mi t d ans ha c y d t ovi he er na e e pl e w ih 6 daysad m oye s t 0vanc w rte notc oft i t nui ton,a f ie t pa t ed it n i e he r e na i nd a l d o y he e o e s6 - a swa e a db n ft, sr q ie b teW oke Adu t n a dRer ii mply e 0 d y g s n e eis a e urd y h r r j sme t n tanng Noii tonAc (t ARN Ac' .Ne ,Gre ase t t tZa hr fie t i or t tr naed ttcai tt W t' xt e n srs ha c y ald o nf m he emi t ) e pl ye s a t rbene i a i oft rrghtt e e tc i d he t i ur nc c m o e nd hei fci res hei i o l c ontnue alh ns a e over ge a a a t s i z r t asr uie by t Cons i t d Om ni Budge Rec ii ton A c of 1 ubs di ed a e, eq r d he olda e bus t onc la i t 985 (i ç COBRA' a Amei nRe ve ya Renvesme Ac of2009(t ' nd ) rca co r nd i t nt t t ARRA' .Fi ly,Gr n ' nal ee ) a l s t tZa y ne ec ed t no iy t Pl n A d i s r t a ta Co BlA - ualf ng e nt lege ha chr gl t o tf he a m nit a or bou t q iyi ve , na e y t m a sl yof a t Covi o f c lt a f ie t gi pa tc pant a be i i res m l he s a f t he ngt n a iiy, nd a l d o ve r i i s nd nefc a i oft gr hea t pl n a Sum m ar Pl Des r pto asr qui e by t Em pl he oup lh a y an c i i n, e r d he oyee Re i e e tr m nt l omeSe urt Ac of1 4 (i SA' . nc c iy t 97 û ER1 ' ) l r pons t t pl ntf sc a sac i n l w s t Za hr f l d t i t ntm oton t n es e o he ai i f l s t o a ui, c y ie he ns a i o dim iso ,i t aler tve sa ltga i a c s s r n he t nai , t y ii ton nd ompe a bir to unde t Fe a Ar tai l r tai n, r he der l bir ton A c , t bas st te h ofZac y' e pl es i udi Gr e ha agr e i wrtng t t on he i ha ac hr s m oye , ncl ng e n, d e d n ii o ad e t t Za hr D i put Res l i Pr e s w hi h i l her o he c y s e o uton oc s , c nc udesbi ng a bir to a is fna ndi r t a i n s t i l s e Gr e o t p. e n ppos t def nda ' m oton,a a s fl a m oton s ki l a t a pa t ed he e nt s i nd l o ied i ee ng e ve o dd r y pl ntf sand am end hi com pl nt The cour hel a hearng on t partes'm otons on J 5, ai if s ai . t d i he i i une 2012. Because t pl ntf s opposton t t def he ai if' ii o he endant' m oton r i heaviy upon a cas on s i eled l e a a t t Unie Stt sCou tofAppe sf t Fit Cic t t c td i d t hol t s ppe l o he t d a e r al or he fh r ui, he our ec de o d hi m at ri a ya epe ng t Fi Cic tsde ii On Dec mber3,201 t Fit Cic t te n be nc ndi he hh r ui' c son. e 3, he fh r ui i s d a o ni i t tca e The pa tesha e c s it addii lbr e i a t s ue n pi on n ha s . ri ve a h ubm ted tona i tng, nd he m otonsar now rpe f r ew . i e i or evi Di cuss on s i Th d fn a ta k t ec u tods s ti matrf rlc o s b e tmatr u idcin e ee d n s s h o r t imis hs te o a k f u j c te j rs ito or i t ale a i s a ltga i a c pela bir ton. l t a e oft Za hr D i put , n he t m tve, t y ii ton nd om r ta i n he bs nce he c y s e Re ou inPr c s (i ' a r e n,ti ce zta t ec u t udb ve tdwi s be t s lto o e s t ' g e me ti s la h t h o r wo l e se t u j c DRP ) h matr u id ci o e t ep an ifsfd rl li u d rt eW ARN Ac, SA, te j rs it v r h litf e e a cams n e h on t ERI COBRA, a ARRA.28U. C,j1 .Howe r i i notcla whehert e se ofac rcua nd S. 331 ve ,t s e r t he xitnce onta t l a e tt abirt di t t c tofj idito t he rt matr gremen o r tae vess he our urs cin o a he te . W hiet Fe r Ar tai Ac (t 'rquie adititc tosa t ti ofa l he deal birton t û FAA' e r s src our t ty he ral ny ) a ton r e a e t a bir ton unde a w rte a ee e , he FA A a s a l st c tt r t n c i ef r bl o r t a i r it n gr m nt t l o low he our o e ai s mea t o i o ramatr h ti s be t oabi ain e . ..Ba e Cr p in eAG v. o u h rt ve y te t a s u j c t r t to .S e eg, y r o sce c r Do Agr inc sLLC, 2:2c 201 W L 2878 a *7( D.Va.J y13, 2) w osce e No. 1 v47, 2 495, t E. ul 201 ( i t tt FAA r uie ac tt sa rt rt ndimisourg ,a a ton s jctt notng ha he eq rs our o ty, ahe ha s s tiht n ci ube o abirton,a f t rpemisadititc tt compe abirtonbyc to del s ealo r tai nd urhe r t src our o l r tai our r r; e s Di ec i v.Sphe eDr l .PLC, F. 71 78(s Ci. )(t c us t tnn M ruro r ake ns, 202 3d , 1t r 2000 iBe a e he e ûube tmatr u idcin' sSfe miusd,c s st t eef c t t c u t a k a to i t s j c- te j rs ito i o tn s e ' a e o h fe tha a o r lc s uh rt o y a ti t fc o av ldabtaina re n d n t e e s rl i iaeju idcini t e c n he a e f ai r irto g e me t o o n c s aiy mpl t rs ito n h c ba i s ns butm a s a m e e y f t pr s c e e, y t nd r l or he oposton t ti e t rpa t s a ona y cl i s hi ii ha f ihe r y e s bl a m s rg t a birt t agee ntmus bercog z d.' (nenalcttonsomitd) iht o r tae,he r me t e nie '' itr iai ) te . l Choi H ot s l ',l v.BSR Tr cana Resor,I ,t Unied St esCourtof n ce el nt l nc. opi t nc. he t at Appe sf t Fourh Cic ts se t ta moto t dimisi f vorofa bir ton s d al or he t r ui ugge t d ha in o s s n a r tai houl bete tdasamotont sa ltgai a compe abirton.252F. 707,7 -1 ( h Ci. rae i o ty ii ton nd l r tai 3d 09 0 4t r 2001.Theef e,hec r wilad e st dee ntsatr tvemoi t sa ltgai a ) r or t ou t l dr s he fnda ' lenai ton o ty ii ton nd com pela bir to r t a i n. D ef endant sM oton t St Lii i and C om pelA rbi raton ' i o ay tgat on t i TheFe r Ar tai Ac (( 'r l cséalbea f rlpolcyfvorngabirton deal birton t çFAA' ete t i i rl edea i a i r tai ) ag e me s' M os H. r e nt.' es ConeM e lHos v.Mec yConsr Cor ,460U. 1 24 (98 . m' p. rur t. p. S. , 1 3) The FAA pr dest a m ' t n a bir ton a e m e ks l be vald, r evoc bl ,a ovi hat i e r t a i gr e nt tha l t i ir a e nd e or a e s ve upon s h gr nf ce bl , a uc ounds a exita l w o i e t f rt r voc ton ofany s s t a r n quiy o he e a i conrc.'9U. C.j2.TheFAA rquiesaco tosa ûa s torpr e ng'pe ng ta t' S. e r ur t ty iny ui oc edi ' ndi a bir ton ofC ny i s r f r bl t a bir ton u ra a ee e i wr tng f s h r ta i ' s ue e e a e o r t a i nde n gr m nt n ii or uc a abirton.'9U. C.j3.W he apa t r f e t abirt depiet e se eofavalda r tai ' S. n ry eus s o r tae s t he xitnc i nd e or a e wr te a e e t a bir t t a i ve pa t m a pe ii t c t tora nf ce bl it n gr em nt o r t a e, he ggre d ry y tton he our if n or rdi e tng t ts h a bir ton pr e i t m a rpr de f i s h ag ee en . 9 de r c i ha uc r t a i oce d n he nne ovi d or n uc r m t' ' U. C.j4. S. Thec tha prvi l r c z t tlalhought FAA doesno e esl i ntf our s e ousy e ognied ha d lt l he t xpr sy de iy t e de i r sanda d a pary s ki t avoi a bir ton m us m e t ( our st tha he vi nta y t r t ee ng o d r tai t e , c t ha ve a e s d t q s i ha a l i e t s a r t t tr qui e ofa pa t o ddr s e he ue ton ve na og z d he t nda d o ha e r d r y pposng i s umma' j me unde Rul 5 e)oft Fedea RulsofCi lPr ed e''S.El Se v . l udg nt r e 6( y he rl e vi oc ur.' ec. r s. l .v.Cor rt De.Pr .I ,201 W L 223 nc nesone t ods.nc. 0 3664,a *3( . Va. une3, 0)(ii t W D. J 201 ctng Fe R.Ci P.56() Ti rv.Pi ron Se ,305F. 7 ,735( h Ci.2002) tr ,asi d. v. e; nde nke t c. 3d 28 7t r . khus n - s umma' j l udgme pr ee ng ,apa t c nnota i c y nt oc di s ry a vod ompele abirtonbyge al de ng ld r tai nerly nyi t f c s u w hi t r ghtt a bir ton r s s i t ad, he pa t m us i ntf s ci c he a t pon ch he i o r t a i e t ; ns e t ry t de iy pe t i e de e de o ta i a m a e i lf c ualdi put ' I vi nc m nsr tng t ra a t s e. d. ' 'l t Fou t Cic t a ltga c c pe a bir ton unde t FAA i he c n çn he r h r ui, ii nt an om l r ta i r he f a de tae $1 t exitnc ofadiput bewe nt pates ( awrte a r e ntt t monsrt ( ) he se e s e t e he ri ,2) itn g e me ha i l a abirtonpr sonwhihpur t t co rt diput,( t r ai hi oft ncudes n r tai ovii c pors o ve he s e 3) he eltons p he ta s ci n wh c i e i e c db tea re n ,oitrtt o f r in c mmec , n ()t e r n a to , ih s v d n e y h g e me tt ne sae r o eg o re a d 4 h f lze, gl torrf aloft ( ai it t abirt t dipue.' Adki v. borRe dy. aitr ne ec eus he pl ntfl o r tae he s t '' ns La a l ,303F. 496,500-01( hCi. nc. 3d 4t r 2002)( i W hiesdev.Tetc Cor ,9 F. 99, quotng t i le h p. 40 2d 1 ( h Ci.1 1.Her,onl t s ondfcori i diput 02 4t r 9919 e y he ec a t s n s e. A s a pr lm i r m al r t pl i ifr i ess e doubta t whe he he eve s gne a e i na y te , he a ntf a s om so t r ri d wrte agee tt beboundbyt dee tsDipueRes utonPr es Cç ', c itn r men o he fndan ' s t ol i oc s DRP' whih ) i l ncudesbi ng a bir to a isfna se Thepl ntf alo a gue t tt a bir ton ndi r tai n s t i l t p. ai if s r s ha he r ta i pr so i t DRP i u nf r e bl,a f t rar st te n i t a bir ton pr son i ovii n n he s ne o c a e nd urhe gue ha ve f he r ta i ovii s e or a e, he s ope oft ag ee e doe no c rG r e s ERI a CO BR A c a m s nf ce bl t c he r m nt s t ove e n' SA nd li . The c tw ila es e ch a gum e i t n. our l ddr s a r nt n ur A. Exi ence ofW rit A rbi raton A greem ent st t en t i Cti ( wele tbls dt tt oblgain t abirt i ace t eofco rc a t ta ' s q l sa ihe ha he i to o r tae s raur l nta t nd ha pa t c nnotber quie t s ry a e r d o ubmi t a bir to unl shehasag ee t do s i acon r c .' t o r tai n es r do on ta t' MarowboneDev.Co.v.Dit 1 Unie M i W or r ofAmeia,1 F. 29 3 ( h Ci. r s. 7, td ne kes rc 47 3d 6, 00 4t r 1 . 998) H e e t de e nta s rs t tGr e s g d a a e m e pr di t ta 1 r , he f nda s e t ha e n i ne n gr e nt ovi ng ha l em pl entdiput woul be r ved t ough t def oym s es d esol hr he endant' D i put Resol i Pr s s e uton ocess (C ', c i ude bi nga birtona isfnalse De.s Ex.A, û DRP' whih ncl s ndi r tai s t i tp. f' ) Nov.22,2011 , D oc tN o. 4. The pl i if s e r t tw hie t DRP a e m e bea st s gna ur tle ke 7a ntf w a s ha l he gr e nt r he i t e k- ddy A .Gr n,J .'he c nno c im t ti i hi s gna ur o t doc e . Pl' Ex.1, a 26, ee r , ' a t onfr ha t s s i t e n he um nt .s J n. 201 D oc tN o. 1. H e a s obs nr t tt D RP a r e e ta l gedl be r ng hi 2, ke 22l o e es ha he g e m n le y a i s s gna ur i e il d t hr Cons r to Cor a i Di put Re ol i ' whie Gr n wor d i t e s ntte d zac y tuc i n por ton s e s uton,' l ee ke f Za y l t i l I l Fort s r as , he pl i tf c e t tt r i no w rte or chr ndusr a , nc. d. he e e ons t a n if ont nds ha he e s it n a e m e t a bir t gr e nt o r ta e. Des t t s a s ri ns t pl i ifc ede t the s g a e pl e a i a i pie he e s e to , he a ntf onc s ha i ned n m oym nt pplc ton f a f ltm e poston w ih Za hr l t i ,l D e .sEx.5 , e 20,2011 D oc tN o. or ul-i ii t c y ndus ral nc. f' A D c. , ke The fr tpa oft te pl e a i a i w hi h t pl ntf a is be r hi i s ge ha m oym nt pplc ton, c he ai i f dm t a s s s gnat e,cl l s at i ur eary t es: 1ag e t be bound by a a e asa c ndii ofe pl e t t r soft re o nd cc pt o ton m oym nt he e m he Za hr l till ( nAnt o)DipueRe ol i Pr e s( 1DR c y ndusra,nc. Sa oni s t s uton oc s Zl Pr es) whiha ei r ae heenbyr frnce Iundesa t tZI DR oc s, c r ncoportd ri eee . rtnd ha l Pr es r qui e , is l s se t te pl e diput r ga di l galy oc s e r s as t a t t p, ha m oym nt s es e r ng e l pr e t d rght be s it t bi ng a bir ton i t ad oft c ts t . ot c e i s ubm ted o ndi r t a i ns e he our ys em LJ.Thes c pageoft sg e oyme ta iai sae : I a e ond he ined mpl n pplc ton tts Za hr hasi plceaDipueRes utonPr s (theDRP' t ta i c y n a s t ol i oce s d t ' ha pples ) t a 1e pl ee a a i a sf e pl e . By s g ng be ow ,la o l m oy s nd pplc nt or m oym nt i ni l s an a i a f rem pl e ,ag ee t be bound by a a e t t r sof pplc nt o oym nt r o nd cc pt he e m t Za y D RP,w hi h ar i or a e he e n by r f r nce l he chr c e nc por t d r i eee . ac knowl dge t t1w a pr de a w rte c oft Dl p pr r m i I e ha s ovi d it n opy he t og a f s r quesed a t t1ha r vi w e a unde s a t Dl p a ee e . o e t nd ha ve e e d nd r t nd he t gr m nt 1unde sand t tt Za hr D RP r qui e , isl s s e t ta 1 rt ha he c y e r s as t a t t p, ha l e oyme diput r gar ng lgaly pr t c e rg sunde saeor mpl nt s es e di e l o e t d i ht r tt f de a l w ,i l ng Za r sde i i t hie ornott hie m e w ilbe e r l a nc udi ch y' c s on o r o r , l e us vel a fna l s tl d by bi ng a bir ton a i s e ed by t xcl i y nd i ly e te ndi r t a i dm nit r he Am ercan A r taton A ss aton r hert t courts em . i bir i oci i at hmz he yst J. Theefr ,t c tfndsa c ude ,a amatroflw,ha t pl ntf e e s dhi #z r o e he our i nd oncl s s te a t t he ai if xprs e s . w ilngnessand agr entt be bound by t def li eem o he endant' Di put R esol i Pr s s e uton ocess. 6 B. Enf orceabiiy ofW riten A rbiraton A greem ent lt t t i The FAA pr de t tawrte a e m e t a bir t ls l bevald,revoc bl ,a ovi s ha itn gr e nt o r ta e kha l i ir a e nd e or a e s ve upon s h gr nf ce bl a uc oundsase s a l w ori e t f t r voc ton ofa xit t a n guiy or he e a i ny c rc. 9U. C.j2(mpha i a d) i- ssvi ca epemisa e me st abirt onta t' ' S. e ss dde .tl a ngs lus r t gre nt o r tae -hi t be i lda e by t ne aly a i a e c r c d e e , uc asf a dur s or o nva i t d ge r l pplc bl ont a t ef ns s s h r ud, es , u c ns ina ii ' AT&T M o l yLLC v. n e co ,1 S. .1 4 ,1 4 ( 01 ) n o co blt ' y.' bit i Co c p in 31 Ct 7 0 7 6 2 1 ( i DocorsAsocs.l v.Casr t 51 U. 681 687( 996).Thepli ifpr de quotng t ' s . nc. aoto, 7 S. , 1 ) antf ovi s t ee gr hr ounds f no e or ng t D RP agr m e t none ofwhi h ha m e i . The cou tw il or t nf ci he ee n , c ve rt r l addr s each i t n. es n ur Fis ,t pl i ifa g st tt de e nt sDRP agr e e i une or a ebe a e i r t he a ntf r ue ha he f nda ' e m nt s nf ce bl c us t vi aest Nai lLaborReai Ac (i olt he tona ltons t d NLRA' a t Nori- Guadi Ac of1 2 ' nd he rsLa r a t 93 ) ($ ; NLGA') Seci 7oft NLRA pr de ,i pe tne pa ta f l : '. ton he ovi s n ri nt r, s olows Emply e s l h v terg tt sl-r a z to ,of r j i, ra ss lb r o e s hal a e h ih o efo g niain t o m,on o sit a o o ga za i ns t bar i cole tve y t ough r pr s nt tvesoft row n r ni to , o ga n l c i l hr e e e ai hei c hoos ng,a t e ge i o he c e t d a tvii f t pur e ofcole tve i nd o nga n t r onc r e c i tes or he pos l ci ba ga ni orot rm u ua a d orpr ec i .... r i ng he t li ot ton 29U. C.j1 Se ton8()1 sae t tçgj s lbea unfi lborprci f a e oye S. 57. ci a( ) tts ha dit hal n ar a a tce or n mpl r t i e f r wih,r tai orc r e pl e i t exe c s oft rght gua a t d i o nt r e e t esr n, oe ce m oye s n he r i e he i s r n ee n g ton7oft NLlAI' 29U. C.j1 a( ) TheNLGA pr d t twor r s d seci he l .' S. 58()1. ovies ha ke s houl C ve f lf ee d ha ul r dom ofas oc a i nr a ( ha lbe f e f om t i e f r nc r s r nt orc r on s i to ' nd t l ' s r e r he nt r e e e, e tai , oe ci ofe o soflbor.. i g c nc redaci te f t pupos of.., ualador mplyer a .n j o e t tviis or he r e mut i pr tci ' 29U. C.j 1 oe ton, ' S. 02. Rel nghea l upo ade iinis dbyt Nai lLa ReainsBoa d(dhe yi viy n cso sue he tona bor lto r l t Boad' i D. Ho t I ( s No.1 CAr ' n R. ron. ne.Ca e ) 2- 25764,357NLRB No.18 ( 2),t pli if 4 201 ) he antf as e t t tt et o s a ut pr bi a e pl r f o r quii a e pl e, a c ton of s r s ha hes w t t es ohi t n m oye r m e rng n m oye as ondii 7 e pl e ,t s g an a e e t tr uie t e pl e t pur ue e pl e -el t d m oym nt o i n gr em nt ha eq r s he m oye o s m oym ntr a e cli si vi lyi a bir ton. Si ia t t i t n c e, hee pl ri D. Horon.I am ndi dual n r tai m l r o he nsa t as t m oye n R. t nc. k e r dle oye sg,a ac tonoft i e oyme ,t sgna agre ntt t ' quieg mpl e 1 s ondii r her mpl nt o i n e me ha p e ld l ) h m fo fln j it ca s o c l ciecamsa d e sn terwa e , u so r cu e d t e r m iig on , ls, r ol tv li d rs ig h i g s ho r r e o h rwok n c n iin a ans t ee o e i a yf r m, r i a o j d ca. 3 7NLRB t e r i g o dto s g i t h mply r n n o u a bt l r u iil' 5 r ' No. 8 , t*1 Th Bo r f u dt a tea re n vo ae S cin 7a d8 a( )o te 1 4 a . e ad o n h t h g e me t iltd e to s n ()1 f h NLRA byrquii onl i vi labirtonofe oy ntr ae cams Se ce rlyi e rng y ndi dua r tai mpl me -eltd li . e neal és The Boa d' de s on wasa r s ci i ppea ed t t U nie St t Cour ofA ppe l f t Fit l o he t d a es t a s or he fh Cic t a t i t nta ton washe d i a anc pe ng a de i i by t Fi t Cic t On r ui, nd he ns a c i l n bey e ndi c s on he fh r ui. a a , he Fi t Cic tr ve s d t Boa d' de i i i pa t fndi t tt Boa d had f ied ppe l t fh r ui e r e he r s c son, n r , i ng ha he r al t gi a o ve dequa e c i r t o t t Fe r lA r t a i n A c . 'l N LR A s d notbe t ons de a i n o he de a bir to t t-he houl unde so t c ai acongesi c rtod o ont n r sonal omma ove di a i to oft FAA.'Jla 362. nd ni ng pplcain he ' .s t t Ra he ,t Fi t Cic tf t r he fh r ui ound t tt û A ha equa i po t nc i ourr vi m ' a ha he ' FA s l m ra e n e e ' nd 'gl rngacas mec nim i a a t i di ntt abirto a vi aest FAA. l ûrequii l s ha s s n cualmpe me o r tain nd olt he ' d. ' a 357,359 (ii Conc i 1 S.Ct 1 ) Be us theovea c ngpur eoft t -60 ctng epcon, 31 . 740 . ca e i t rr hi pos he FAA ...i t ens e t enf cem entofar t ton agr ent accor ng t t rt m s,'t s o ur he or bira i eem s di o hei er ' he Cour de e m i d t tt a bir ton agr e e ,i udi t cl s w a ve ,C us be e or d t t r ne ha he r ta i e m nt ncl ng he a s i r d t nf ce m a cor ngt istr . I a 35 362.sealoi a 36 n.0(C Boadalor ledont c di o t ems' d. t 9, , e s d. t 2 1 ( ' The r s ei he Nori- Guadi Ac (C rsLa r a t C NLGA' t s ' o uppor isvi t tt FAA mus gvewa t t NLRA. ) tt ew ha he ti y o he W eas c l t tt Boad' r s ngdrwnfom t NLGA i t rua i ') lo oncude ha he r s eaoni a r he s mpes sve. . ' Pe s de by t Fi' Cic tsr a oni i D. Horom I a t we gh of r ua d he fh r ui' e s ng n R. t nc. nd he i t t avaiabl aut t t courtfndst t Zachr D RP agreem ent w hi cont nsan i pled l e horiy, he i hat he y , ch ai m i cl w ai doesnotvi at t N LRA orN LG A . See D . .Hort l ,737 F. at362 ass ver, ol e he R on. nc. 3d 8 (k r oneofoursse cruist c i rt is ha eihe s k y Eve itr ie t o onsde he sue s t r uggesedore esl saed t xpr sy tt t tt y woul no de e t t NLRB' r tonae, hel a bir ton a ee nt co ani ha he d t f r o he S ai l and d r ta i gr me s nt i ng ca swavese orea e,). ls i r nf c bl ' N e , he pl i ifa gue t tt a bir ton a e m e i une or e bl be us i i xt t a ntf r s ha he r t a i gr e nt s nf c a e ca e t s unco ci bl . S ons i biiy i a na r doc rnewhe e t c l nge c r c m us ns ona e t unc cona lt s row ti r by he hale d onta t t be o whih no r s bl peron wo d e eri o,a t i qualt m us bes g os a t ne c ea ona e s ul nt nt nd he ne iy t o r s so s kt c ce e. Sydnorv. e oFi Sewii Cop .252F. 302,305(t Ci. hoc he ons inc ' ' Cons c n. l cng , 3d 4h r 20 1 (nenalquottonmaksa ciai omitd) Hee Gr e ase t t tt DRP 0 ) itr ai r nd ttons te . r, e n s rs ha he a e m en i unco c o bl be a e ii i pr bii l e pe i a r r t f r e gr e t s ns i na e c us ' s ohi tve y x ns ve nd equies he o m r t e pl st f f i s t i rg s gua a ee unde t W ARN A c ,ER I ,a CO BI A ,' m oyee o or e t ubsantve i ht r nt d r he t SA nd t ' i cu i gt ed tt tr rg torc v rra o a l al r e ' fe 'a dteiih t a j d c t n ld n h i auo y ih t e o e e s n be ton y s e s' n h t g t o du iae s r asa c as . P1' Opp' M e .1 J n. 201 Doc tNo. ,Pl' N otc of Suppl m e al l s ' .s ' n m 2, a 26, 2, ke 22. .s i e e nt A u hort 8,Fe 4,201 D oc tNo. Thi as e ton i beled b t expr s t r s oft t iy b. 4, ke 35. s s ri s i y he e s em he D RP, hi h pr vi s' w c o de . TheAAA Nai lRul f t Res utonofEmplyme Diputs(I tona es or he ol i o nt s e i AAA Rul ')wilgove r ol i s te frExtr lRe e a t alocai es' l nz es utons ubmitd o ena viw nd he l ton ofc t a e ns , xce a ag ee a s tf ' be ow . The e pl e w il os s nd xpe es e pt s r d nd e olh l t m oye l ber ponsbl f pa ng a $1 tlng f e i t e pl e tl f ori tat es i e or yi 50 ii e f he m oye ies or nii es et rm e a i ora bir ton. Thee oye mus paya a tona $1 flng ihe diton r ta i mpl e t n ddii l 50 ii f e i t e pl e f he m oyee c hoos s t s e a bir to a t rm e a i Zac ' w ilpa e o e k r t a i n fe di ton. ht l v y t bal nce oft flng f t ti c r e by t A A A . w el ast da l he a he ii ee ha s ha g d he as l he iv a i sr ton f es t c toft hea i l ton a t co pe a i a dm ni ta i e s he os he rng oca i nd he m ns ton nd ta e ns oft m e a orora bir t . Y o wilbe r ponsbl f a r vel xpe es he di t r t a or u l es i e or ny e ns you e e tt i urdurng t m e a i n ora bir ton pr s s h as xpe es l c o nc i he di to r ta i oce s uc a t ne s f e ,di c r c t ,e c. tor y' e s s ove y os s t De.sExhi tC a 6, b.7, 2,Docke No.23- ( f' bi t Fe 201 t 4 empha i a ) ve t tt c ny ss dded .Gi n ha he ompa be r t b untoft fna a bur n w he a e pl e fl a cl i ,G r e hasf ie t s a s he r he i nci l de n n m oye ies a m en a l d o how t t D lp agr enti s gr l unf rt no reasonabl em pl hat he t eem s o ossy ai hat e oyee w oul agr t be d ee o 9 bound by ist r s t em . W ih r pec t Gr e sas e to t te pl esm us kf r e ts t ntve r g s ' t t es t o e n' s ri n ha m oye t ûo f i ubs a i i ht , he ' D RP f hers at urt t es: The a bir or sde s on i ba e o t f c s a e de pr s nt d by t r tat ' ci i s s d n he a t nd vi nce e e e he e pl e a t c pa a w ilf l w a i a e f de ala sa e l w s The m oye nd he om ny nd l olo pplc bl e r nd t t a . a bir t ca a a d a l ga r e t tm i htha b n a l e i c t r t a or n w r ny e l em dy ha g ve ee vaiabl n our . I a 7. Ast Dlp a ee ntma cla ,t e oyeema n a nsal ofhi s tntverg s d. t he k gr me kes e r he mpl iti 1 s ubsa i i ht a r m e esunde t l w ,i l ng a a a d ofa t ney' f st tm i be a ia e unde nd e di r he a nc udi ny w r tor s ee ha ght va l bl r t W A RN A c ,ERI ,CO BRA , A RR A . A lhough t pl i ifc r ty a s r st tt he t SA or t he a ntf or ec l s e t ha he D RP ag ee e r quie i vi la bir to i i w e ls tl t ti he r gh ofa lt g tt r m nt e r s ndi dua r t a i n, t s l e ted ha ' i t t ii an o e oy Rul 23 i a p oc dur rghtonl a ilr t t ltga i ofs t n i cai s' mpl e s r e al i y, ncla y o he ii ton ubsa tve l m .' De i Guaa yNa 'Ba v. r 4 U. 3 332( 980) Si et Dl. i no post rnt tl nk Rope , 45 S. 26, 1 . nc he l s t p pr bii y e nsve a doesnotr qui et empl e t f f i a s t n i rght t ohi tvel xpe i nd e r he oye o or e t ny ubs a tve i , he c tfndst tt DR P ag e m en i no unc c o bl our i ha he r e t s t ons i na e. Fi l t pl ntf ar naly, he ai if gues t t D i put Res uton Processagr enti hat he s e ol i eem s une or ea e be aus i i a c r c ofa s on. Unde Vi g ni l w ,a c r c ofadhe i i nf c bl c e t s onta t dhe i r ri a a ont a t s on s ç sanda d f co r c ,pr pa e by one pa t a pr s nt t a w e rpa t us ly a û t r onn nt a t e r d a ry nd e e ed o ake ry, ua l c um e , ho hasno ba gai ng pow e a ltl orno choi e a ons r w r ni r nd ite c boutt t r s ' Phiya v. he e m . ' l w Pltnum Entr.I ,54Va.Ci.364,366( 01 .Gr e a g t tt DRP agee nti a ai es.nc. r 20 ) e n r ues ha he r me s n une or ea e c r tofad i n be a e Zac y us d is t ghe ba ga ni pos to ' o nf c bl ontac hes o c us hr e t i hi r r i ng ii n't (rquieg t tt re o set rgowihou aj b o s tt t tr t tt Cor ai te r q ha hei mplyee ihe t t o r ubmi o he ems ha he porton ha c pl t c r o r' Pl' Opp' M e .1 J n. 201 Doc N o.22. Thi a gum ent d om e e ontol ve .' .s n m 6, a 26, 2, ket sr i unavaii s lng. A n ar t aton agr entbet een em pl bir i eem w oyerand empl oyee i notan unenf s orceabl e 10 c r c ofad son me el be us t e pl rr quie t e pl et a e t a bir t onta t he i r y ca e he m oye e r s he m oye o gr e o r ta e e pl ym e - e a e di put s a a c ton ofe pl e . See e. , nne tv. il r s l , m o nt r l t d s e s ondii m oym nt . g. Be t D la d' , nc. 849F.Supp. 61 620( D. 2011 (i ngt ta abirtonagre ntbewee 2d 6, E. Va. ) tndi ha n r tai e me t n e pl ye a e pl rw a nota c r tofa m o e nd m oye s ontac dheson w he e t e pl e 'ha t r ghtt i r he m oye t d he i o wor elewhee rt rt n a c tgheempl rs tr ofe oyme l Se ur LLC v. k s r, ahe ha c ep t oye 'l ems mpl nf'; nt e. Ditih,575F.Supp. 724,727n. ( D. 2008 (ûfa e oye hast fee t erc 2d 1 E. Va. ) $ n mpl e he r dom o l cons de e pl en ele he e a i no bound t c i w or ng f hi c r nte pl ye , i r m oym t s w r nd s t o ontnue ki or s ur e m o r a e oy nta e me wilnotbec ierda a inconrc.'. n mpl me gre nt l onsd e n dheso ta t' ) Re yi on Coo r v.M RM l v.Co. a dec son by t U nie St t s Cour ofAppea s l ng pe n , ii he t d a e t l f t Si h Ci c t t pl i ifa gue t tt D l a ee e i a c r c ofad s on or he xt r ui, he a ntf r s ha he kp gr m nt s ont a t he i bec us Gre woul beû bl t fnds tbl e oy nti g lrf e t sg g c y' a e en d k e o i uia e mpl me f he eusd o in za hr s una DRPIa e me . 367F.d49 5 ( hCi. gre nt' ' 3 3, 02 6t r 2004) Her,a i Coope ,Gre k dnotalge . e sn r en d di le t t( l df c ha he! ooke or ompaa ej butwasuna et fndone. Ll a 5 Rahe , ofe e rbl obs bl o i ' ts t 02. t r he fr d ' e pl e ts a i tc s i t tt une pl e r t i Covi t V igi a w a 2. % m oym n t ts i s how ng ha he m oym nt a e n ng on, r ni s 1 hi he t n t sa e i a r ge. Pl' Opp' M e .1 7,J n. 201 D oc tN o. g r ha he t t w de ve a .s n m 6-1 a 26, 2, ke 22. CGe a ia i a t ner lz tons boutempl rpr tce i t m ode n e onomy c nnots tt e f s h oye aci s n he r c a ubsiut or uc e de e. Coope ,367 F. a 502. Si e G r e ha t f e om t c i re pl m e vi nc ' ' r 3d t nc e n d he r ed o ons de m oy nt e s w he e i c nnotbe s i t tt pl i ifha i ite orno c ce a le r , t a a d ha he a ntf d i tl l hoi boutt t m s ' hi he er ' of s em pl entr atons p w ih Zachr Phivaw,54 V a,Ci at366. Ther e,t D RP oym el i hi t y. l r. efor he agr enti notan unenforceabl contactofadheson. eem s e r i C. Svope ofW rit A rbi raton Agreem ent t en t i H avi det m i t t partes'wrten ar taton agr enti vald and ng er ned hat he i it bir i eem s i enf orceabl t courtm us now det m i whet t agr entcover t pl ntf scl m s. e, he t er ne her he eem s he ai if ai The FA A cr a e a s r pr s pton i f vorofe or i a bir ton ag ee e s a S ny e t s t ong e um i n a nf c ng r ta i r m nt nd i a doubt c er ng t s peofa bir eis ss d ber s ve i f vo ofa bir to ' s onc ni he co r tabl s ue houl e ol d n a r r tai n. ' M os H .Cone M em ' Hos ,460 U . at24-25.s Al Peopl Sec.Li e I Co.v. es l p, S. , ee sq es f ns. Mo nume a Liel .Co.867F. 8 81 ( hCi.1 (CT1 he vypr umptonof ntl f ns , 2d 09, 2 4t r 989) (( he a es i ar t abiiy r r t when t s bir lt equies hat he cope oft ar t aton cl e i open t ques i a court he bir i aus s o t on, mus decdet quesin i fvorofabirto '. t i he to n a r tain.) ' H e e t Za hr DRP a e m e pr de a f l s r , he c y gr e nt ovi s s olow : Bot Zac y a t e pl ee ag ee t r ol an a a lc ai s di put or h hr nd he m oy r o es ve y nd l l m , s es c r ver i s a i i outo orr a i t a a i a i f e pl e ,t t ont o s e r sng f el tng o ny pplc ton or m oym nt o he t m s and condii ofem pl ent and/ t t cess i ofem pl ent er tons oym , or o he aton oym e us ve y by f na a bi ng a bir to ad i se e by t A AA underis xcl i l i l nd ndi r t a i n m ni t r d he t AA A rul es. Def' Exhi tC a 8, b. 201 Doc tN o.23.s bi t Fe 7, 2, ke 4.The c tfnds a t pl i ifdoe no our i - nd he a ntf s t diput - t tG r e s W A RN Ac c a m f l s r l w ihi t s ope oft s a e m e . s e ha e n' t l i als qua e y t n he c hi gr e nt How e r Gr n a guest tt D RP a e m e doesnota y t hi ERI ,COBRA ,a ve , ee r ha he gr e nt ppl o s SA nd A RR A c a m s Fors li , uppor ,Gr n r leson Si o v. i r l . a ca e i w hi h t U nied t ee e i m n Pfze , nc , s n c he t St t Cour ofA ppe l f rt Si h Ci c thel t tt pl ntf ' ERI a CO BR A cl i s a es t a s o he xt r ui d ha he ai if s SA nd am wer notwihi t sopeoft abirtonpr sona is 398F. 765,776(t Ci. e t n he c he r tai ovii t sue. 3d 6h r 2005 .Theabirtonclus a is i Si n wasnar e ompasi o yt t sof ) r tai a e t sue n mo row, nc sng nl wo ype diput s- C s esr r ng t a i to ofSe ton 20 de lng wih Consr tve s e k put ega di he pplcai n di ci ai t tuc i Te m i t o a di put c r na i n nd s es once ni t a i t o ofSe ton 1 de i w ih Ten na i f r ng he pplca i n c i 4 alng t lni ton or J tCa e. I a 775 us us ' d. t -76. l lg oft br a bir ton c a e i t i t ntc s t ' n i ht he oad r t a i l us n he ns a a e, he pl ntf s r i ai if' elance on Si on i m i pl m s s aced. W hie t Si h Ci c tuli a e y f l he xt r ui tm t l ound t tt nar o a bir ton pr s on a i s i ha he r w r ta i ovi i t s ue n Si ndi no c ERI orCOBRA cams t Cour as deer nedt tûhemaoiyof mo d t over SA li ,he t lo t mi ha t t j rt c t co i erng t i s ha he d t tdiput s a i i unde ERI ,i l ng COBR A our s ns d i he s ue ve l ha s e rs ng r SA nc udi cams aes j c t abirtonunde t FAA. I a 774(ii vaiuscaes.TheSi h li , r ub e t o r tai r he ' d. t ' ctng ro s ) xt Cicuialor c ze t tg he fce wihabr dabirtonca e,s a o c rng r t s e ogni d hatûwl n a d t oa r tai lus uch s ne ovei a di put a i i outofa a e e ,a c ts d f l w t pr s pto ofa bir ton a ny s e r sng n gr em nt our houl olo he e um i n r ta i nd rs vedo si fvorofabirton. 1 a 775(mphai i o i nal.ûçol ya e e s e ol ubt n a r tai ' d. t e ' ss n rgi ) kg nl n xpr s pr son e l ng as ii diput ort mos f ce ule de e ofapur et e l t ovii xcudi pecfc s e, he t or f vi nc pos o xcude he cam fo abir to wilrmovet diput fom c i rtonbyabirtr .' I (uoi li r m r tain, l e he s e r onsdeai r tao s'' d. q tng M a c Cor v.Zurc Am.I . ,382F.d624,627(t Ci. s o p. ih ns Co. 3 6h r 2004) . H e e unlke i Si o t D RP ag ee e i b o e om pa sng la a al cl i s r , i n m n, he r m nt s r ad, nc s i t ny nd l a m . . . a i i outoforr l tng t ... he t r sa condii ofe pl e ,a o t t r s ng e a i o t e m nd tons m oym nt nd/ r o he c s ton ofe pl m e . D e .sEx bi C a 8 Fe 7, 2,D oc tN o.23- The pl i if s es a i m oy nt' f ' hi t t , b. 201 ' ke 4. a ntf ' ERI , OBR A,a A RRA cl i sal s e fom t de e n ' a l ge f l e t c pl wih SA C nd a m l t m r he f nda t s le d aiur o om y t va i notfc ton a r pori r qui e e st i r d by t c s ton ofGr n' rous i i a i nd e tng e r m nt r gge e he es a i ee s e pl m e w ih t de e nt A s s m oy nt t he f nda . uch, he cl i sf lw ihi t s ope oft br d D RP t a m al t n he c he oa a re n , n ae t eeo e s be t ors uint x l ieyb fn la dbn i gabtain. g e me t a d r ,h r fr , u j c t eolto l cusv l y ia n id n r i to ' e r ' I d. A ddii l t pl i ifc e t thi be is r l t d cl i s a e out i t s ope tonaly, he a ntf ont nds ha s neft - e a e a m r s de he c oft D RP agr entbecause t agr entusesprecat y l he eem he eem or anguage:fY ou can us t D R û e he Pr es f c r a be h plns' L- a 1 (mphassa oc s or oncens bout nef a . da t 0 e ' i dded) I lghtoft cla a .n i he e r nd co pr he i D RP ag ee e ,t sa g enti notpe s s ve. W hie t c pa e ur s m e nsve r m nt hi r um s r ua i l he om ny nco age e pl est a t m ptt r s ve be i-el t d di p e t ough a s ci ly t ior d m et m oye o te o e ol neftr a e s ut s hr pe a l a l e hod bef e usng t st or i he andar DR Pr s,t e i no i caton t t pari agreem entalow s d oces her s ndi i hat he tes' l f ltgai i leuofa birton.Rahe,t DRP a e me ma scl rt ttlj DR or ii ton n i r tai t r he gre nt ke ea ha tthe Pr e s i t exc us ve m e nsofr s vi w or a diput s i l ng l ly pr e t d oc s s he l i a e ol ng kpl ce s e , nc udi ega l ot c e r g s' I a 3. Fort e r s ns t s pe oft pa te 'br d a bir ton a e e i ude i ht . d. t ' hes ea o , he co he r i s oa r ta i gr em nt ncl s t pl n if sERI ,COBRA ,a ARR A c a m s i ad ton t hi W ARN A c cl i . he ai t f SA nd l i , n dii o s t am D. Proper R em edy Fort r s nss a e al oft pl i if scl i sa e t e e a e t a bir ton unde a he ea o t t d, l he a ntf a m r l f r bl o r t a i r rn a ee nti wrtngf s habir to ' 9U. C.j3.TheUnie SttsCour ofAppe l f gr me n ii or uc r tain. ' S. td ae t as or t Four h Cic tha notr ol t quesi n o w he he a s a ordi m i s li wa r nt w he he t r ui s es ved he to f t r ty s s a s r a ed n a1is sprs nt i alws taes jc t abirton.TheFou t Cic tr e l l sue e e ed n a ui r ube t o r tai rh rui ec nty a kno e dt tdgl r ma bes tnsonbewe nourde soni Hootr i iai c wldge ha kthee y ome e i t e cii n e s ndc tng t a s a i r quied w he t a bir to a e m e t t ove st m a t ri diput a Choi e hat t y s e r n he r t a i n gr e n c r he te n s e' nd c H ot l s nc i ng di m i s lC n a loft i s spr e e .. a e a bir bl '' A cg r o v. e s a toni s s a whe l he s ue es nt d . r r t a e.' aa M OL Shi M c . ,675F.d 355, n.8(t Ci. 2)( i Hoot s l v. li , p mt Co. 3 376 1 4h r 201 quotng er.nc. Philps 1 F. 933( hCi.1 ) ChoieHoesl ',I . BSR Tr c naRe o tl , F. 73 3d 4t r 999 ; c tl ntl nc v. opia s r. nc.252 3d 707,709 0( hCi.2001) TheFourhCic tf t rnotdt tiol sse cr uisa e -1 4t r ). t rui urhe e ha ' ur itr ic t r g dv d do wheh radsrc c u t a d srto t ds s rt e ta sa a a to s be to ii e n te itit o r h s ic ein o imis ah r h n ty n cin u j c t a bir ton. l I lg oft sunc t i y, he ca e wilbe sa d pe ng a bir ton pur ua r t a i ' d. n i ht hi ' era nt t s l t ye ndi r ta i s nt t t e es rquieme oft Fe rlAr tai Ac.9U. C.j3. o he xpr s e r nt he dea birton t S. l l. Pl ntf s M oton f Leave t A dd Part Pl ntf s and A m end Com pl nt ai if' i or o y ai if ai Gr spropos am ended com pl nti udes f ualalegatonsr een' ed ai ncl act l i egardi t o ng w i vi ua swho wi h t be a d aspa t pl i if , s t f r h onl t s m e W ARN Ac , ndi d l s o dde r y a ntf s but e s o t y he a t ERI COBRA, ARRA camst tt c rtf t bes j tt avai a e orea e SA, and li ha he ot ound o ubec o ld nd nf c bl ar t i agr ent Si t scas w ilbe st biraton eem . nce hi e l ayed i f n avorofar t aton,t pl ntf sm oton bir i he ai if' i f l or eave t add part pl ntf sand am end t com pl ntw ilbe deni o y ai i f he ai l ed. Concl on usi Fo t r as s a e t c r fnds a c l st ta1 oft pl i if sc a m sa e r he e ons t t d, he ou t i nd onc ude ha 1 he a ntf l i r s j c t avald a e orea ewrte abirtona e me .The eor t c t lgrnt ub e t o i nd nf c bl itn r tai gre nt r f e,he our wil a t d e nt sale na i m oton t s a ltga i a c pela bir ton,a deny t he ef nda ' t r tve i o t y ii ton nd om r t a i nd he pl ntf ' m oton f l ve t a pa t pl n if a f l a a e d co pl nt ai if s i or ea o dd ry ai t f s nd ie n m nde m ai . Re ogni ng t tt pli tf m a pr f rt f eg hi e pl c zi ha he a n if y e e o or o s m oyme -e ae cai ,r t ntr l td l ms aher t n a bir t on a i vi ha r ta e n ndi dualbass t pl i i fi d r c ed t a s t cou twihi 1 d ys i , he a ntf s i e t o dvi e he r t n 20 a whe he he i e t pur uehi cli st oug i vi labir ton c it n wih t Diput t r nt nds o s s am hr h ndi dua r ta i onsse t t he s e Re ol i Pr s , U nl st pl i i fr ue t a e e i ora e a s s uton oce s es he a ntf eq s s n xt nson, bs nt howi ofg ng ood ca e f f iur t pr e t c e w ilbe di m i s d a t e o t 1 da f f iur t us or a l e o oc ed, he as l s s e t he nd f he 20 ys or a l e o pr e t baedo t defnda ' e rirmoi t dimis Fe R.Ci P.41b) oscue s n he e nts ale ton o s s . d. v. ( . The Cl r i die t d t s nd c r ii d c esoft sm em or ndum o ni a t e k s r c e o e e tf e opi hi a pi on nd he ac om pa ng or rt a lc c nyi de o 1 ouns lofr co d. e e r N y Mac 2 4. Ex4sR:'hi 4s' da of zh, 01 - rs . Chi U nie St t D i ti tJ ef t d a es sr c udge
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