-RSB Saunders v. McPeak et al, No. 7:2011cv00311 - Document 27 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 3/29/2012. (tvt)

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clEv sOFFI I. Dl COtr CE JS. 8m l ATROAN D E.A #K V FlE L I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI T C O U RT C FO R T H E W E STER N D I STR I T O F V I G I A C R NI R O A N O K E DIV ISIO N MA2 2S 2 1 02 J A ULI BY; D U ,L ERK C Ci lA c i n N o.7: c vi t o 11 v00311 W ILLIAM BU R TIS SA UN D ER S, Pl ntf ai if, M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N N O GER ALD A.M CPEAK , al, e/ . D ef endant s. By:Sam ue G . is l W lon U nied StatesD i tri Judge t s ct Pl n ifW iln Bur i Sa ai t f li m ts unde s a V igi a i a e pr e ngpr s fl d t sc vi r , r ni nm t oce di o e, ie hi i l rg sacin puruantt 42U. C.j 1 cli ngt tt dee nt,tle e oye a t iht to s o S. 983, ami ha he fnda s lr e mpl es t he New Ri ValeyRe ona J l(I ver l gi l ai S NRVRJ', r dei rtl i fe e t hi s ro me c l ' wee lbeaey ndifr nt o s eius dia ) ne d a de e hi e lpr t c i oft l Thede e nt , e nd nid m qua o e ton he aw. f nda s NRVRJ Supe i e nt rnt nde GeadM c a NRVRJs r iorColne La on,a NRVRJhea nureBet Akes ha rl pe k upe vs o l ws nd d s ty r, ve mo e f rs mmayj d me twi s p o t ga fd vt, n S un esh sr s o d d.The v d o u r u g n t u p ri fi a is a d a d r a e p n e h n de e n s none ofw hom ca di gnos orpr s rbe m e c lt e t e ,a a 1ofwhom m us f nda t n a e e ci di a r a m nt nd 1 t r l o t eNRVRJp y iint e riehi me ia j g n- c ne t a te di n tk o ey n h h sca o xecs s dc lud me t- o tnd h t h y d o n w of Sa unde s he tts C c t o unt lr ce l a t twhe t y bec m e a a e ofhi r ' pa ii ondii n i e nty, nd ha n he a w r s c ton t y r ponded a opr a el The c ta ee ,fndst tt unc r di t d e d nc ondii he es ppr i t y. our gr s i ha he ont a c e vi e e s st tt de e nt w e e no delbe a el i f e e t Sa how ha he f nda s r t i r t y ndif r nt o unde s m edi alne ds a r' c e , nd g a t ted fn a t' to f rs mmayj d me to t a cam.Th c u t u t rtn st a r ns h e e d n s mo in o u r u g n n h t li e o r f rhe i d h t Sa unde shasf l t alege f ct i s r aied o l a s n uppor of a t c t ilt r o e di m i s Sa t , nd he our w l he ef r s s , unde s r' e lpr t c i cl i . qua o e ton a m 1. TheVigi aDe rme ofCore tons(ç r ni pa t nt rci $ VDOC' c ' ommit Sa r t NRVRJon ) ted undes o M a 1 201 Upon booki N RV RJ s a fa ke Sa y 2, 0. ng, t f s d unde s a s r e ofm edi alhi t y r eis c - sor quetonsa rc de hi ans r i at pa bo ngr por.( si nd e or d s we s n wo- ge oki e t Booki Obs r to Re r ng evain po t 1 E. F. 26- ) Amongvarousot rde lrtonsa Sa r 'me c lhit y,he , C. No. 1. i he caai bout unde s dia sor t r por i c t d t tSa e t ndia e ha unde sdi notha he tts Sa r d ve pa ii. unde ssgned t r por a t bo t , r i he e t t he tom diecl unde t sa e e ,& y m y sg t e,lag e t tt a r ty r he tt m nt % i naur r e ha he bove i tue a c r tt t s r nd orec o he b s o myk o e g .l (d. e t f n wld e, I ; , Shorl afe boo ng,Sa ty tr ki under be n flng as resofm e c lr quess Thenons ga ii ei di a e t . e us i ls i l sr ques sf m e alhe t t e t e f a e y a t oubl s e pi a xha tve i t nc ude e t or nt - alh r a m nt or nxi t nd r e l e ng, dif r nts p t r duce ic ng,phys c a s te t e f r a e y a t oubl s e pi m e ca f e e oa o e t hi i i n' r a m nt o nxi t nd r e l e ng, di l saft weg hi uns ciidme alhe t teame (tl s t ce,he ttsC teame (t tf o ih m, pe fe nt - alh r t nt a eat wi ) paii r t nt a l s f tme) c tpante t t t mi s t ale aeba k a ankl pai (tlas f eat our i s, hes- i ramen,er s hoes o lvit c nd e n a e t our tmes,ac ofhi me c rc ds a anihti t na kbag. ( ot Summ. Medial i ) opy s dial e or , nd g tme t c s ' M . ' J. c Req t 40-61, C. No22- . undesdie tdoneoft erquet t Colne La on( uess E. F. 1)Sa r rce hes e ss o o l ws a non- diale oye onFe a y2,201 aki f he ttsC te t nta ta frt me c mpl e) bnlr 0, s ng or paii rame nd rnse o a he c r tona f iiy. A sN RV RJ s a fdi w ih e h ofSa not r or ec i l ac lt t f d t ac unde s r r ' equess La s n t, w o e l t d t r ques a r ponde t i.La on a s d Sa vaua e he e t nd es d o t ws dvie unde st tNRVRJha r quesed r ha d e t Saunde s m e ca r or f om hi pr vi c r tonali tt i a t tSa r ' di l ec ds r s e ous or ec i ns iuton nd ha under s d s houl f l w up w ih D r M os a olo t . es bouthi m e c lc pl i . s di a om a nt D e pie La s sadvi ,Sa s t w on' ce unde sdi notf low up w ih D r M os o t m e c l r d ol t . es r he di a de t e untlM a 1 2011 w he he fl d a m edi algre nc c pl i ng t m edi al parm nt i y 9, , n ie c i va e om a ni hat c saf had no ye t e t d hi f he tts N ur e Aker 'r pons t Saunde se a ne t ts t f t t r a e m or pa ii . s s es eo r xpl i d ha he ha c c hi m edi a c r a boo ng f a f und not ng a the tt s And N ur e d he ked s c l ha t nd ki onu nd o hi bou pa ii . s Ake sc im si he afi tt t prort Sa r onfr n r tdavi ha , i o unde s'M ay 1 h gre nc s wa nota r r 9t i va e, he s wa e, 'S u d r c ne d ta tno o eo teBo kigOfkesto tetmet st d wna dakmea y a n es o tn s h tt lt n fh o n f r o k h i o e me o n s l n o teq eto so t l t'( e Rep. t S mm. . E. F. )S u d r a mis h we e,h t esg e te fh u sin n he i . S e s Mo. u J 2, C. 26 a n es d t, o v rta h in d h s' b o i rpot (d. o kng e r. I ) 2 a Sa nd unde s media r or ga no i c ton,t tSa r' c l ec d ve ndi a i ha unde sha ore rco pl ne of r d ve m ai d ha ng he tts.2 vi pa ii So na tr S un esfldac mp an a o tn t e evigte t n fra a k eij r o fe , a d r ie o lit b u o r c i n r ame t o n n l nu y. Unha wihNRVRJSi ta r s e( c wast te tSa r,a trnoi t theha ppy t ' niil epons whih o ra unde s fe tng ha d no p e iu l c mpli e a o t h ij r ) S u d r a p ae t r s o s o J n 1 2 1 t rvo sy o an d b u t e n u y , a n es p e ld he e p n e n u e , 01 a a nd ddeda c ompl i a ant boutal c ofhe ttste t nt Supe i e ntM c a r ponde t ak paii r a me . rnt nde pe k es d o Sa n esa ke ij r c mp an b n t t a h ha wac e s r ela c v d oo S u e s u d r n l-nu y o lit y oi h t e d th d u v iln e i e f a nd r ng plyi bakebalf anhourwihou sti down,a ngabr k,orlmpi (mpl ngt the a ng s t l or t t itng tki ea i ng i yi ha di no,i fc,ha aba ankl ,a t tmedialsafteaedSaunde sass a he d t n a t ve d e) nd ha c tf r t r oon s co ane M cpea f t rexpli d t thehad s ntt ry mi t r viwi Sa mpli d. k urhe a ne ha pe hit nu es e e ng unde s r' m e ca hit y a no edt tSa di l sor nd t ha unde sha onl r e l c r d y ec nty ompli d a thi he tts t t ane bou s pa ii, ha Sa unde sha m a num e ousr ue t f ra s e ntr f a sofm e c lteamen ,a t t r d de r eq ss o nd ubs que e us l di a r t t nd ha Sau r s ds et docora f lw hi or r.( .Summ. Gre nc 87,E. F.22ndes houl e he t nd olo s des Mot J. iva es C. 2..Twodaysltr Saundesdie tdasmia c ai a M c a cpea r ponde t ) ae , r rce i lr ompl nt t pe k.M k es d he s meda i c tng t tSa a y, ndia i ha unde swa ma ng i difc tf sa ft te thi ,butt tSa r s ki t fi ul or t f o r a m ha unde s r s ul tgjet doco a 1thi know wha i goi onwihyo s wec npr dete t nt ho d çse he tr nd e m t s ng t uo a ovi rame i i i ne es a y. On J y 1 2011 Sa ft s c sr ' ' ul , , unde sfl dt sa ton cli ngdelbe a ei fe e et r ie hi c i a mi i r t ndif r nc o hi m e c ne ds Si t ttm e Dr M os s a N RV RJ m edi als a fha r pe t dl s di al e . nce ha i , . e nd c t f ve e a e y eva ua e Sa l t d unde s f he tt sC s pt s a de i d t the i notye i ne oft e t e .3 r or pa ii ym om nd c de ha s t n ed r a m nt 2I a ar t NRVRJha i f tr quese Sa r 'VDOC m e calrcor asoft sdae. For t ppe s hat d n ac e t d unde s di e ds hi t w hae r as how e ,t r wasnor or oft r ques i Sau s'm e ca fl a t ttm e.NureAke s tver e on, ver he e ec d he e t n nder di l ie t ha i s r s ultsi he afi tt ts s nor co doft r ues be us i wasii a t bi f f l up. pec ae n r fdavi ha he aw e r he eq t ca e t ç noher n or olow ' n ' ( e sAf. , C. . . - . Ak r f 2 E. F No 22 1) 3On J 1 1 , 2011,mediale l td Sa r f he ii a notd t theha nos uy 3 c vauae unde s or patts nd e ha d ympt o oms r pr e r ae t t die e.l t mea i me c safa NRVRJha bee s ngr peae r uesst oblms eltd o he s as n he ntme, dial tf t d n endi e td eq t o VDOC f rSa o undes'm e ca r or i or rt f l up onSa r di l ec ds n de o olow under'cam t thehadaprordi nossof s li ha i ag i Il. Sa unde sa l est tt de e nt we e de i r t l i fe e t hi s rousmedia r leg ha he f nda s r lbe a ey ndif r nt o s e i cl ne d.Spe ii a l Sa e ctc ly, under cai st tt de e nt f l t pr dehi wih ade t s l m ha he f nda s aied o ovi m t quae me c lte t e f hi he ii C be us t y di no r gul l che k hi lvere ym e di a r am nt or s patts ca e he d t e ary c s i nz l ve s l lghto t def nda s s or a f da t a t ot r unc r di t e de e t e l. n i f he e nt ' w n f i vis nd he he ont a c ed vi nc , he co tfndst tt de e nt di nota twih dei r t i fe e a t r f eg a st ur i ha he f nda s d c t lbe ae ndif r nce nd he e or r nt he d fn a t' to f rs mmayj dg n . ee d ns mo in o u r u me t 4 TheEi h Am e e ' pr bii on c ue a unus punihm e pr e t prs r ght ndm nts ohi ton r l nd ual s nt ot c s ione s fo t tul e es a y and wa o i lc in ofpai 'whih i l st i ae i fe enc t r m he t m c s r nt n nfito n,' c ncude s ber t ndif r e o del s rousme c lnee .'SeeEselev.Gambl 429U. 97,1 ( 976) Tos e o a ei dia ds' tl e, S. 04 1 . ucc ed n n EihtAme ntc -nd- ualpunihmen cam, prs rmus pr t t ngs ; 1 g ndme Oela unus - s t li a ione t ove wo hi :d ) ( ta o j cieyted p i to o ab sch ma n e wa du fce ty sro s'a d( ) h t h t be tv l h e rvai n f a i u n e d s s fiinl e iu , n 2 t a s be tv l t ep io o fcasa tdwi adu tce t c la esaeofmi . J h s nv u j ciey h rs n fiil ce t s fi in l up bl tt h y nd' o n o . Oui s 1 F.d 1 4,1 ( h Ci.1 ( tngW is v.Setr 501U. 294,298 none , 45 3 6 67 4t r 998) quoi lon ie, S. (9 ).Th o j ciec mpo e ti stsidb p o i gas ro sme ia c n iin.I .Th 1 91) e b e tv o n n s aife y r v n e iu dc l o dto d e he ttsC.Bec e Saunde swasnote inci a sgnsors pt sofpr em sr ae t hepaii C, paii aus r xpere ng ny i ym om obl eltd o tts medi lsaf i e ca t f ntndedt s hedul Saunde st s t docoroncehi m edialr or a ve o c e r o ee he t s c ec ds ni d. Saundes'VDOC medialr or ari a NRVRJonAugus 1 2011 a rNRVRJhads ntat aloff r r c ec ds rved t t 9, , Ae e ot ou rquet f t m.M edi safs hedul Sa r t s Dr. os son Augus 30,2011.AtSa r ' e ss or he cal t f c ed unde s o ee M e t unde s a nt , M os sno e t tSa r ha be n dignos d wih he ttsC a hi prori tt i buthadnot ppoi mentDr. e t d ha undes d e a e t pa ii t s i nsiuton, ye nee teame .Aqe Sa t ded r t nt r under c s ompli off lng we k a hi a nt nt Dr. os sc aned eei a t s ppoi me M e onduceda t physc le m a o de e alverf tont s t twa do t tda Sau r s compli d a n a me ia xa nd r r d i -unc i e t ha s ne ha y. nde s oon ane gai nd t wih Dr M os on Se e r23,201l.Dr M os sc uce aphysc exa notd t tSa r a t . es pt mbe . e ond td ial m, e ha undes' bdome wa n s nottndera t theha nopapa e lve e ar me , or r no te ment e nd ha d l bl i r nl ge nt and deed r at . 4S mmayj d me ti a p o raewh nçh pe dn s tedso eya dds lsr maeil o fl, n u r u g n s p r pit e ç e la ig ,h ic v r n icou e tras n i a d t e a yatd vt s o t th r i n g n n is ea t a ymaeila t ndta t mo a tse tldt j d me t n f a is h w ha tee s o e uie su s o n tra fc a h the v n i nie o u g n i t a amatro lw. F d R. v. 5 ()2 .Th p rymo igfrsmmayj d me tb asteb r e o s te fa ' e . Ci P. 6 c() e at vn o u r u g n e r h u d n f ' i o m i t cou toft ba sf ism oto a i ntf ngt eparsoft r c dt tdemonsr et a e nf r ng he r he si or t in nd de iyi hos t he e or ha tat he bsnce ofage neis ofm ae ilf t Cel exCor v. tet4 7U.. 7 3 3(9 6 .l rve n as mmay nui sue tra ac. ot p.-Cart, 7 S 31 , 2 1 8 ) n e iwig u r - jd me t to u d rRue5 ,h c u tt s da alu tfa l ifrn e i fv ro t no mo igp ry' u g n moin n e l 6 te o r d t rw ljsiibe nee c s n a o fhe n vn at. mu ' Uni dSae v CaoiaTrn fnne Co, 7 F.d8 2, 3 (t Ci.1 9 )(ii An es nv Liet L b v t tts . r l a so r .9 8 2 3 8 5 4h r 9 2 ct e n ng d ro . b rv o b . lc, 7 U. 2 2, 5(98 ) tf emeee se c o as itl o e d n ei sp ro tepanif p sto n .4 7 S. 4 25 1 6). l' r xitn e f cnil f vie c n u pot f h litfs o iin -h a wi beis f e tteemus b e d n eo whc tej r c udrao bytn frtepanif' An esn, l n ut n'h r t e vie c n ih h uy o l e sna l i d o h litf ' d ro l ki , 477 U . a 252. S. t 4 s b e tv c mp n n i stsidb s wi gap io o fca' d lb r t id fee c .I u j ci e o o e t s aife y ho n rs n fiils eie ae n if rn e d. M e ene i enc doe notconsiut delber t i fe e r glg e s tt e i ae ndif r nce; ahe ,aprs ofk i lmus bot be rt r ion t a t h a a e oft f c sf o w hi h t i e e e co d be dr wn t ta s t ntalr s ofha m exit , w r he a t r m c he nf r nc ul a ha ubs a i i k r ss a hemus as drw t i e e .1 ;s eas Fame v. e n,511U. 835,837( 99 . nd t lo a he nfr nce d. e lo r r Brnna S. 1 4) t e tbls t tahe t ca epr de ' aci c tt edelbe a ei fe e et as rous 1 sa ih ha To alh r ovi r s tons onsiut i r t ndif r nc o e i m e c ne d, hete t ntmus bes g os l i m peent i de t ore es i a t s k dial e t r a me t o r sy nco t ,na quae, xc sve s o hoc t c cenc ort bei ol a et f m e a f ine s' M ite v. or 896 F. 8 ,851 he ons i e o nt er bl o unda nt l ar s . li r Be n, ' 2d 48 (t Ci.1 (ii Rog sv.Eva ,792F. 1 1 ( 1hCi.1 ) l t srs c, 4h r 990) ctng er ns 2d 052, 058 1 t r 986). n hi epe t t rg t medialteam e i lmie t t tte t e t i m e cal ne es a y a no t he i ht o c r t nt s i t d o ha r am nt hat s di ly c s r nd t o tha whihma beconsdeedmeel desr e. Bowrngv. t t c y t ir r y iabl ' ' i Godwi 551F. 44,48( hCi. n, 2d 4t r 17 ) 9 7. The e i no diput t the ii C i as rousme c lc ton t ts tsi t r s s e ha patts s e i di a ondii ha a ifes he o j cieprngo a EihhAme d n p i fcec s .S u es c s fis h we e , be t o f n g t v n me t rma a i a e a nd r' a e al, o v r b c u eh h sp o u e n e d n ep o i t s b e tv ( eie aeidifrnc )p o g He e a s e a r d c d o vie c r vng he u jcie d l r t n fee e r n . b ha p o u e n e i e c t a ted fn a t s be tv l k e a u h sh pai sC a d s r d c d o v d n e h t h ee d ns u j ci ey n w bo t i e t i n t dei rt y f ie t te i. Thede e nt ,o t ot ha ha ofe ed a fdavisa lbe ael a ld o r at t f nda s n he her nd, ve f r fi t nd o he s ppor i doe e s e t bls ng es e i ly t oppos t The r c d s s t t t ru tng um nt s a i hi s nta l he ie. e or how ha Sa unde sf l t i or NRVRJsaf ofhi c ton f ne ry ayea be or brngi i t t r aied o nf m t f s ondii or a l r f e i ng t o he a tnton ofCol lLa on,anon- e c lofi e .Laws r pondedby or rng Samde s te i one ws m di a fc r on es de i t r' m e c r c dsa t li hi t s et docor Sa dial e or nd elng m o e he t . unde sdi notf l w t ti tuc i a r d olo ha nsr ton, nd i t dwa td a t rt eemont be or flng am e c gre nce.N ur eAke st n nsea ie no he hr hs f e ii dial iva s r he s a c Sa e r hed unde s m e ca c r sa booki r por f s m e i ca i t tSa r ' di l ha t nd ng e t or o ndi ton ha unde s ha r d he tts C,butf pa ii ound none. And w hen Sa unde s c pl i d t Supe i e ntM c a r om a ne o rnt nde pe k, M c a r vi pe k e ewed Sa unde s m e ca r c ds i or d Sa r ' di l e or , nf me under t thehad o y r ce ty s ha nl e n l al red N RV RJ saf t hi c ton, nd t d Sa et t f o s ondii a ol unde st s e t doc orf t e t e . Onl r o e he t or r a m nt y w e ks a t Sa m de s c pl ntt M c a Sa e fer t r ' om ai o pe k, unde s tl t sl w s t Si t ttm e Dr r i ed hi a ui . nce ha i , . M os sha e l t d Sa e s vaua e unde s'c ton a d i d t tte t ti c lr nty unwa r nt r ondii nd ec de ha r a men s tr e l ra ed. A tm os ,Saunde s'c e de ons r t t tt de e t r as m t a es ha he f ndan s wer neglg i f ii t t e i ent n a lng o pr tr a e l t Sa oc te nd va ua e unde s'm edi lr co dsi a tm e y m n r A dm i sr tve de a , r ca e r n i l nne . ni t a i l ys how e r do no a om a i a l tans a e i o de i a e i f e enc See Es e l ,429 U . a 1 ve , t ut t c ly r l t nt lber t ndif r e. t le S. t 06 (omme i t tne i nceçndi nosngorte tngame c co tondoesnotsaeavald c ntng ha glge s ag i i rai dial ndii tt i cli ofme ca mite me unde t Eiht Ame nf),Ge r lkno e offcs am di l srat nt r he g h ndme ne a wldge a t c e tng as t nta rs ofha m i note ug t esa ih delber t i fe e ,a i t rai ubsa i l ik r s no h o tbls i ae ndif r nce nd n he lghtmos f vor bl t Sa i t a a e o unde s t ti a 1hi flngsesa ih. On t ot ha t r , ha s 1 s ii t bls he her nd, he d e nt afi visand ot re bisesa ih t tt y kne ofSa ef nda s' tda t he xhi t t bls ha he w unde s c ton onl f r ' ondii y or s t i e, ha w he t y l ar d oft c ton t y r s hor tm t t n he e ne he ondii he e ponded t t ext ntt rm e c l o he e hei di a t a ni a l w ed,a t t Sa r i ng lo nd ha unde s i pr s nty unde t ca e ofa phys c a w ho ha r s ee l r he z ii n s de e m i t tSa t r ned ha unde s i noti ne oft e t e . A cc di y, he cour f ndst t eve r s n ed r a m nt or ngl t t i ha -- n d a n a1u tta l i ee c si f v ro S u d r- t eei n e d nc o wh c aj r rwig lj si b e nfrn e n a o f a n e s h r s o vie e n ih u y i co d r a ona y fnd t tt def nt we edelbe ael i fe e t Sa ul e s bl i ha he enda s r i r t y ndif r nt o unde s m e c r ' dial n e .Th c u t lt e eo eg a thed fn a t' to frs mmayj d me ts e d e o r wil h r f r r n t ee d n s moin o u r u g n . 5Defndansas r s t defns ofqualfedi uniy. Thecou ttndst tt def nt a ee ild e t lo aie he e e ii mm t r i ha he enda s r ntte t quaiid i m uniy a t Samder cl m f damage .U nde t docrneofquaiid i muniy,çg nm e o lfe m t s o t s' ai or s r he ti lfe m t çover nt ofk i spef mi dic ei l fmcinsgene al a es el fom labiiy f ci lda gesi ofrast r t al ror ng s r tonay t to r ly r hi ded r i lt or vi ma ns a hei c onduc doe notvi aecl ryesa ihe sat or orc tm tona rght ofwhih ar s bl peronwoul t s olt ea l t bls d t ut y onsi i l i s c ea ona e s d h v k o . Halw v. tz rl 45 U. 8 0 81 (9 2 .Qu lidi ni s ed ag v r me t fiil a e n wn' ro Fiz ead, 7 S. 0 , 8 1 8 ) ai e mmu t hils o en n ofca ' f y fom la lt f ci lm one a ydamagesi t ofk e stc r ibiiy or vi tr f he t r' tonduc doe notvi aecl ry esa ihe sauor or t s olt ea l tbls d t tt y c n t u i n l i hso wh c ar a o a l p ro wo l h v k o ' I . t81 .Qu l id i nt i a o si to a rg t f ih e s n be e s n u d a e n wnv d a 8 a i e mmu i s n t ' f y i uniy fo s trt t n am eedef et labiiy.Thus wheheradeenda c cam qualfe i uniy mm t r m ui aher ha r ens o i lt , t f nt an li iid mm t i apleq eto o 1w a i p o el d tr n dpera.Sa ce v. t, 3 U. 1 4, 0 (0 ) s t u sin f a nd s r p ry eemie rtil u ir Kaz 5 3 S. 9 20 -01 2 01 r ( dfe b Pe ro v. l h n, 5 U. 22 ( 0 (emit glwe c u tt ds rto t d tr n whc mo iid y as n Cal a 5 5 S. 3 20 9)p r ti o r o rs he icein o eemie ih a n q aiidi nt po gt a ay efrt) u l e mmu i rn o n lz isl. f y 6 11 1. Sa under alege t tt de enda sha vi aed hi rghtt eq lpr e ton. s l s ha he f nt ve olt s i o ua ot c i Spec f a l Saunde s s a e t tofk i l a N RV RJ te thi ,a a m axi um s c iy prs r ik ly, r t t s ha t a s t ra m s m e ur t i one , dif r nty fom m i mum s cliy prs r . Be a e Sa fe e l r ni e trt ione s c us unde sha f ie t plad t r quiie r s a ld o e he e st f tis ac s n uppor ofhi c a m , tec u t ld s s ip ru n t 28U. C. 1 5 e . t s l i h o r wil imis t u s a t o S. j 91 ()6 Se to 1 5 e of te28ma d tsta i p o e dn si o mapa pe i,t ec u t cin 91 () Til n ae h t n r c e ig nf r u rs Ch o r t s ldi m i st c s a a tm e i t co tde e m i t t ... he a ton ...f ist sat a hal s s he a e t ny i f he ur t r nes ha t ci al o t e c ai on whi h r i m a be gr nt d. I o de t s a e a cl i f a vi a i oft Equa lm c elef y a e ' n r r o tt ' a m or ol ton he l Pr e ton Clus a pl ntf mus de ot c i a e, ai if t monsr t t theha be n teae dif r ty fom o he ta e ha s e r td fe en l r t r smia l st td pa te a t tt dipart te t ntwasapr uc ofpur ef i lry iuae ri s nd ha he s ae r a me od t pos ul d srmiain.M o rs nv. ra hv 2 9F.d6 , 4 (t Ci. 00 )( iigCi o ici n to rio Gar c t, 3 3 48 65 4 h r 2 1 ctn t f v Clb r ev. e u n Li n Ct.l c, 7 U. 4 2 4 0( 9 5 ) Onyo c t ss o n i e u n Clb r e vig r. n .4 3 S. 3 , 4 1 8 ). l n e hi h wig s ma es ul ac u t r c e t d tr n wh t e t ds aaete t n c nb j siidu d r d ho d o r p o e d o ee mie eh r he ip rt r ame t a e u tfe n e I a e sngqualfed i n ddr s i ii mmuniy,heUniedSt e SuprmeCou hashel t tç cour mus frt t t t ats e rt d ha ( a t t is detnni whehe t pli ifha ale t deprvain ofa a t c tttona rghta a1a i s pr e e ne t r he antf s lged he i to n cual onsiu i l i t l nd,f o, oce d t dee mi whehe t trghtwascea l e tbls d a t tm eoft algedvi ai ' W is v. vne 526 o tr ne t r ha i l ry sa ihe t he i he le olton.' lon La , U. 6 3 6 9(9 9)s eas Su rzCop.n u . Mc a 20 F.d6 6 6 5( t Ci. 0 0 .Fut rte S. 0 , 0 19 ; e lo ae r I d sv. Grw, 2 3 7 , 8 4h r 2 0 ) rhe,h S pe Co rh l ta tde ii tec nsiuin l u sinb fr a desn teq ai e i nt q et n u rme ut ed h tt lcdng h o ttto a q eto eoe d r sig h u lt d mmu iy u si l i o as pr m otsclrt i t l sa dsf ofi alc lo o e a iy n he egal t ndar or fci onduc,t t benei ofboh t ofk e sa t g r t o he tt t he t r nd he eneal pu i ' W is 526U . a 609.l t c tfrtd em i st tnorg ha be n vi aed,hei r t t r blc. ' lon, S. t f he our is etr ne ha iht s e olt t nquiy nds hee ç a egove nme ofki sca ha known ofarghtt tdoe no e s.'Pore fed v.Lo t 15 F. 563, t us bec r nt t al nnot ve i ha s t xit' tril t, 6 3d 5 7(t Ci.198.Ase pli da o e t dee d ns u o ta itdafd vi a dohe s p o t g 6 4h r 9 ) x ane b v ,he fn a t' nc nrdce fia t n t r u p ri s n doc e ai esa ihest tt defndant we enotdelbe ael i fe e t Saunde s m edi lne d. um ntton t bls ha he e s r i r t y ndif r nt o r' ca e Ac di y,heco ttndst tt deenda saeen ildt quaii d i m uniyfom Sa cor ngl t ur i ha he f nt r tte o lte m t r under cl m f s' ai or da age . m s Saunde s cl msa i tSu rnt ntM cpea a Col lLaws t non- edials r io s as r ' ai gans pe i ende k nd one on, wo m c upe vs r , lo f lbe us heha notde onsr e g oundsf s r s y la lt A medialteam e cai c nnotbebr ught ai ca e s m tatd r or upevior ibiiy. c r t nt l m a o agans as vs ra e a alegai t thewaspe s l conne edw ih t de aloft medialr am e . i t uper io bs nt n l ton ha ronaly ct t he ni he c te t nt Vin d ev. b s 5 0F.d9 (t Ci.1 7 ) Tod mo srt s p r ioyl bii , panifmus so ta: n e a Gib , 5 2 26 4h r 9 7 . e n tae u e vs r i ly a litf t h w h t a t ( )h s p r io h da ta o c n tutv k o e geta hssbodn t wa e a e i c n u tta p sda 1 te u evs r a cu l r o sr cie n wld h t i u riae s ng g d n o d c h t o e p ra iea dune s n bl rs o c n tu in lnu yt ctz n s c a tepanif( )t sp rio ' rso s ev sv n ra o a e ik f o si to a ijr o i e s u h s h litf; 2 he u evs rs ep n e t i t t knowldg w a s i dequaeast s delbe aei fe e et ort cta ho iato oft alge o he e e s o na t o how i r t ndifr nc o a i ut rz in he le d ofnsv pa tc s a d()teewa a afr tv cuslikb t e tespevio ' ia to a dtep riua fe ie rcie ; n 3 h r s n fimaie a a l ewe n h u r s rs n cin n h at lr n c c n tuin lnuys frdb teplitf.S eS a v Sru 1 F.d7 , 9 (t Ci.l 9 ) S u d r o si to a ijr ufee y h an if e h w . to d, 3 3 91 7 9 4h r 9 4 . a n es t m ake no s h al tonr gadi de e t M c aka La s s uc legai e r ng f ndan s pe nd w on. 6Sa de sconc st thew a i t pr s ofg ivi t scli a t tm ehefl hi compli 'by ede ha s n he oce s re ng hi am t he i ied s ant un r , hi own adm is on,hi cl m i unexha t d. s si s ai s us e t r quiiel ve ofs r i l l a ton,so sae ac am upo whih r le ma be he e st e l c utny. d. n ddii i t t l i t n c ei f y g a td ( panit mu t l g f css tce tt o ec met ep e u t n o ra o a lne s rne , a li t l s al e a t uf in o v r o h r s mpi f e s n be s f e i o a idt prs polcis' ne v.W yc ,293F. 7 73 ( hCi. pple o ion i e .'Ve v he 3d 26, 2 4t r 2002) . Saunde sha f ie t mee t tbur n her .7 Eve t m os lbe alr adi ofSa r s al d o t ha de e n he t i r e ng unde s r' compl nta ot rflngsofe sno hitofs c t ,non- oncl or f c uala lga i i ai nd he ii fr n pe ik c us y a t le tons n s uppor ofhi eq lpr e ton cl m . Ra he ,t ha fpage off c s Sa t s ua ot c i ai t r he l a t unde sof e sesa i he r f r t bls s onl t tt pr s apple dif r nts curt pr oc st m axi um a m i m um s c iy y ha he i on i s f e e e iy ot ol o m nd ni e ur t 8 prs r.Acc di y,t c t ldimist cai purua t 28U. C.j1 5() iones or ngl he our wil s s he l m s nt o S. 91 e. 1Tosaea a e u t c am f r l tt epla i g mu tc n an d n u hf c st saeac am t r l f tt n d q ae li or ei l h e d n s s o t i t o g a t o tt li o ei e e e ta i pa sbl o i fc . Bel lCo p v Two l, 5 U. 5 4, 7 (0 7)(iaino t d .Whl te h t s lu i e n t a e' lAt. r . . mby 5 0 S. 4 5 0 2 0 ctto mit ) i h s ' e e cour mus a ep t cai ntsf cua alegai astue HemiGr .LLC v. t ofN. ,1 S. .98 98 t t cc t he l ma ' a t l l tons r , p. Ciy Y. 30 Ct 3, 6-87 ( 01 )t s e e i tn p ia l t lg lc n lso s Th ed aerctl o teee nso ac u eo a to , 2 0,hitn ts t a pl be o e a o cu in . ra b r e ias f h lme t f a s f cin i c sp otdb meec nlsr sae nt, on tsfie'Asco v.q a,19S. .9 7,9 9(0 9 (ito u y re y r o cuoy ttme sd o ufc. hrh Ib l 2 Ct13 14 2 0 )ct in ' a o te ) mltd . 8 ec ut oe ta tlheei n t n i teCo si to whihrq ie p io o fcast tetal Th o rn ts h ttl r s ohig n h n tuin c e urs rsn fiil o ra l t t i aegr nm t oupsai whe edif r i i i nec sr t a dani m i t ea ofi tm tonaldir i ' l r lke r feentaton s esa y o voi m nent hr t nsi i supton' n e Lo aTem Ad nsrtv Se ra to o lmae Dein tda FiePec nes 1 4F.d46 4 (t Ci.1 9 ) n r miitaie a e ain f n ts sa ae s v re tr, 7 3 4, 7l 4h r 9 9 (u t gJ n sv N. Prs n r'La o Unin l .43 U..1 9 l 6(9 7) tplio e camsu d rtee u l q oi o e . C. io es b r o .nc, 3 S 1 , 3 1 7 ). ç rs n r li n e h q a n l pr t to ca e... us ... a yze i lghtoft s ils urt a m a m e c r i t p ion oecin lus m t be nal d n i he peca ec iy nd nage nt once ns n he rs s se ' Mo rsnv Gara t, 3 F.d6 , 5 (t Ci. 0 1,e as i a 65 (x liig i tec ne t f y tm. rio . ra h' 2 9 3 48 6 5 4h r2 0 ) se lo d. t 4 e pann ,n h o tx o ' v . e ua poe t n ta i u rve o p io p lce a da to i tmp rdb terc niinta ila u q l rtci ,h tt r e iw f rs n oiis n cins s e ee y h eog to h t llwf l o o ic reainb i sa u ten c saywi d a l rl tt no ma yp ii g sa drg t, rtato j siid n ac rto rng bo t h e es r t rwa o i ai f n rvl e n ihs a ercin utfe h mi o e b tec n ieain u d ryn o r n lyse '(u tn O' nev. tt o S a a z 48 U. 3 2 3 8 y h o sd rto s n elig u pe a s tm' q oig Lo Esae f h b z , 2 S. 4 , 4 ' (9 7) 1 B ). 8 l . AJ Fo ter a o ssae ,hec u t r nsted fn a t' to frs mma yj d me t n r h e s n ttd t o r g a t h e e d n s moi n o u r u g n o Sa er 'delbe a e i f e e e cl i a di m i s Sa und s i r t ndi f r nc a m nd s s es unde s'e r qualpr e ton cl i . The ot c i am Cl k i die t d t s nd a c oft smemor ndum opi on a t ac ompa ngor rt t er s r c e o e opy hi a ni nd he c nyi de o he pa te . ri s ExTsR:'hs da o- rh 2 2 r ilrl y tMac , 01 . V IE S AT DIT CTJ T D T ES S RI UDGE 9

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