Reeder, Jr. v. Staunton, No. 7:2011cv00299 - Document 5 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 6/30/2011. (ssm)

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CL ERKY OFFI t.. ST. CE lS DI COURT AT ROANOG , VA FIED L ; J 3C 2 1 2N 01 I TH E U N I N TED STA TES D I STR I C O UR T CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A R O AN O K E D IVISIO N STA N LEY L.REED ER , . JR , J A . Dtc C ULI D BY: CA SE N O .7: C V 00 11 299 Pl ntif ai f , M EM O R AND U M O PI I N N O V*. STAUNTON S HERI c K , FF, By: Gln E. nr d e Co a C hi fUnied St e D it i tJudge e t at s s r c Dee nts. fnda t) s nt o St nl y L.Ree r J . pr e ng pr > ,fl t s ci lrg s a ton pur ua t 42 a e de , r, oc edi o t ied hi vi i ht c i - U. C.j 1 8 algn ta o tcasa t M ide Rie Re in lJ i I RRJ v oae h s S. 9 3 le ig h t fi il t he d l v r go a al M I i ltd i c n t uina rg t whl h wa d tie t ee p n i a j d me t u d r te Cii o si to l ih s ie e s ean d h r , e dng u g n n e h vl t Commime ofSe l Vi e Pr at sAc (l Ac') Va.CodeAnn.jj37. 900,# s t nt xualy olnt ed or t Che t', t 2. eq. ! 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C. 1 5h) Thee o e h i no s b e t ot r q rme ti e i to rs e n S. j 91 ( . rf r , e s t u j c t he e uie n n j 1 5( )t ta idie prs ne ltga s e ig t p o e di fr pa pei mu tfrtc mmit 91 b ha n n g nt io r ii nt e kn o r c e q o ma u rs s is o t o paym entoft f lci lflng f t ough i t l ent fom hi i e tus account M i he ul vi ii ee hr nsalm s r s nmat r t . chau v. Ch re t Cou t eS. , 4F. 7 ,7 - 8( t Ci. 0 ( oli t tpes dean dpa t a lson n y C.43 3d 25 27 2 4 h r 20 6) h dng ha ron t ie s m anda or r eas dat pendi ci lc t y el e e, ng vi omm imentpr di ,i notconsi e aCprs r'under t ocee ngs s der d i ione ' j1 5. 91 ) 2 U1 r28U. . .j 1 5 e ()b ,t c ur ma s mma iydimisacvi a to fldL 1 . de SC 91 ( )2 ( ) he o t y u rl s s i l cin i q e f onnapaupe supon fndi t t alega i a e fi ousorm alci ,ort t y f lt sa e a ri i ng hat he l tons r rvol i ous hat he ai o t t ny cl m upon whi r ifca be gr ed. ai ch ele n ant K a ypes nwh ()h sbe nc n itdo asx al vo e t fe e o ha be n n ro o i a e o vce f e u l iln o fns , r s e y c r d wih as xualy vi e tofe ea i unr sor bl i ompee t sa ha ge t e l ol n f ns nd s e t a y nc tnt o tnd til zs n t j 1 2- 3;a (i be us ofame a a maiyor ra plrua t o 9. 169. nd i) ca e ntl bnor lt per onalt di o de ,tnds i di fc tt c r hi pr da or be vi ,whi h s iy s r r i t fi ul o ontol s e t y ha or c m a hi lkel t e ag i s xua l vi e a t . kes m i y o ng e n e ly olnt c s j37. 900.TheAc st o rgoruspr ed a rquie nt,i l ngnoi sapeii 2t es ut i o oc ur l e r me s ncudi tce tton alegi f c or w a r n i com m im e , s sa e f om co e a m e c e r s a l ng a t s r a tng t nt as i t nc r uns l nd di al xpe t , pr ba eca ehe rng,ti l a o bl us a i ra , ppea , nd pl c m e i ano io s ti a trc la a e nt n nprs n e tng fe omm im e . t nt j3 2- 04-911. 7. 9 Ree r s s i s ons i c t t the w a i a ce a e a M M RJ f o Oc obe 1 2009 de ' ubm s i ndi a e ha s nc r r t d t r m t r 8, t i A prl20,201 whie a a tng ti lon t Com m onwea t spe ii s e ng t ha hi mtl i 0, l w ii r a he lh' tton e ki o ve m deca e as xua l vi e pr a ort rt Ac .Ats poi dlrng t spe i t Cic t lr d e ly ol nt ed t mde he t ome nt zi hi rod, he r ui Co r frArigo Comt e trdaj d me t kn ta fn i ga dr ln t a Re de u t o ln tn t y n ee u g n ma ig h t id n n ui g h t e r s d beci ly c houl vil omm itd t rt Ac .He i no c i d a t Vigi aCe e f te mde he t s w onfne t he r ni nt r or Be vi a Re biia i Se vi e i Bur vil V igi a ha or l ha lt ton r c s n ke le, r ni . Re d ralg st a ted fn a t al f il voae h srg t wh nt y:()dean d e e le e h th ee d n j i o t as iltd i ih s e he 1 tie k h m i alwih u awarn o a id cme t ( )alwe fmaep io e st sr eme lr y i nj i t o t ra t r n n it n; 2 lo d e l rs n r o e v a ta s t hi t e pl i t i aposton t f s y a c ehi ofe o m, her by acng hem n ii o alel c us m xposng hi s l t t m , i m ef o he whc c u e hm t b f leyc n itdo vo ai gj i ds iln r r lsa dt b p nihe ih a s d i o e as l o vce f iltn al icpi ay ue n o e u s d bypl e nti s r gae c i me ;()r ac me n eg e td onfne nt 3 oughe hi upa be thi ( s ti hi f d m nd a m; 4) pi n s ood; ( plce hi i aflhycel ( d e hi prpe me ca c r ( haase a a edhi 5) a d m n it l; 6) enid m o r di l ae; 7) r s d nd bus m; ( vi ae saelw by fii t ke phi ' e e tdbysghta s a altmesfom 8) oltd tt a alng o e m t grgae s i nd ound t 1 i r prs r i t c t ofac rctonalfclt 'a r uie unde j37. 909( ;a ( iones n he usody ore i a iiy, s eq rd ' r 2- A) nd 9) c m it d as a ta ba t r a neg i ntac sa ns hi .3 H e a s as e t t tt A c i om te s ul nd te y nd lge t gai t m l o s r s ha he t s 3 Re ederi ntfest f l ng i vi l asdef nt Sherf ofSt on,V i ni de ii he olowi ndi dua s enda s: if aunt rgi a; Deput Sherf Gr y;Ca ai Ni s a t J Does y if egor pt n cholon, nd wo ohn . u c n ttto a o s v rlgo n a dta tesaefie t p o is u idcint c ni e n o si in l n e ea r u ds n h t h tt ald o r ve t j rs ito o o fn u hi undert ss c i m hi e ton. Re de cli t ta ar s toft al ge c tt tonalvi ai ns he s f r d t-a m , e r a ms ha s e ul he le d onsiu i ol to , ufe e il r l P ro a Ij r . . i Me tl g ih, a lq sme t Hl lain, n Ps c olgc l e s n l nu y . Pan, n a An us Emb rra s n , z ito a d y h o ia mi lj r , ta h n w c n ti le o e t ndwo ris h wil a et s fe t ePana d nu y' h t e o n no t e p r a a ' s rle q e l h v o u fr h i n I gl lyofhavngt sa i t J i a i 'frhi nnnu rviw he rng.Asrle i t s ndi nit i o ty n he al gan' o s al e e ai eif n hi a to , es e mo eayc mpe sto f rp ro a ij re a dv oain o t eAc. ci n h e ks n tr o n ain o es n l nu is n i lto s f h t 11 A . Cl i sofU nl w f Det nton am a ul e i A ny c ai f m o t r da a t tRe de m a ha r a e t t a l ed l m or ne a y m ges ha e r y ve el t d o he leg wr n f le so hsp era o p t u g n c n i e n t e t eAc i no y ta to a l o g un s f i r til r os- d me t o fn me t md r h t s t e cin b e j unde j1 3. r 98 () o d rt r c v rd ma e f ralg d yu o ttto a c n ito o ln r e o e o e a g s o le e l nc nsi in l o vcin r u i ionme ,orf ot rha m ca e by a tonswhos unlwf l swoul mprs nt or he r us d ci e a unes d rnde ac cin o sntnc i ld,aj 1 pli ifmus pr t tt e r onvito r e e e nvai 983 antf t ove ha he co c i ors n e ha be n r ve s d on die ta nviton e t nce s e e r e r c ppea , xpunge by e c i le d xe utve or r de a ed i ld by asae ti la horze t m a s h de e m i ton, de , clr nva i t t rbuna ut i d o ke uc t r na i orc l i o quesi by a f de alc tsi s nc ofa w rtofha asco us aled nt ton e r our ' s ua e i be p . He kv. mp r v 51 U. 4 7 4 6 8 (9 4 .Th , e asaep io e s e mo tr c Hu h e , 2 S. 7 , 8 - 7 1 9 ) us wh n tt rs n r e ks neay d ma e i aj 1 8 c mp an ,hec u t t eemi l t e a u g n i fv ro t e a gsn 9 3 o litt o r mus d tr ne û h r j d me t n a o f h whe pl ntf woul ne e s rl i y t i ldiy ofhi c nvito ors nt nce i i woul t ai if d c s a iy mpl he nva i t s o ci n e e ; f t d, he c pl i m us be di m i s t l s t pl i tf ca dem ons r t t tt convi ton or s nt nc om a nt t s s ed m e s he a n if n t a e ha he ci e e e ha ar dy be n i lda e ' I a 487.Thi f r eout m er r m e hasb n s lea e nva i t d.' d. t s avo abl co equie nt ee e e dt j1 3acinsc esi pr ed est tne sa iyi yunlwf lc i nt xtnde o 98 to ont tng oc ur ha ce srl mpl a u onfneme SeeEdwadsv.Baiok,5 U. 6 648( 997)(p yi He kt ba cam f monea y r ls 20 S. 41, 1 a pl ng c o r li or tr da a sr lt d t al ge de a ofduepr es durng prs dicplna y pr ce di t t m ge ea e o le d ni l oc s i ion s i i r o e ngs ha rs t i l sofe r e goo cond ttme . e uled n os n n d d uc i ) Se r lofRe de ' cl i sf da a s a l ge gr m ds o w hi h he be i vest t ve a e r s a m or m ge le ot n c le ha de ani hi unde t Ac i 200 201 vi lt hi c nsiutona rg s l hçpr vaied i t i ng m r he t n 9- 0 o aed s o tt i l iht . f e l n de o tai t tde a ni hi wiho awa r ntora i cm e wasunl ul t tt m nsr tng ha t i ng m t ut ra n ndit nt awf , ha he s u eu d rwhc hewa d tie wa t o t uin lo ta t esaeh dnoj rs ito t utt n e ih s ean d s mc nsi to a, r h t h tt a t u idcin o deai hi unde t tsaut r lngsi hi f vorwoul ne es a iy i lda ehi c r nt tn m r ha t t e, ui n s a d c s rl nva i t s ur e c i m e . He of e sno evi ncet ta c thasr l d t thi co onfne nt fr de ha ny our u e ha s nfne e a M M R J m nt t u rt Ac wa unlwf l4 A c or ngl , hi j198 cli f moneayr i ba e onhi nde he t s a u. c di y s 3 ams or tr elef s d s ale tonso unl wf c i l ga i f a ul onfneme a eba edatt stmeunde He a Ba iok,s r ,a nt r n' hi i r ck nd ls up a nd mu tb s mmai ds s e wih u p eu c , u s n t j1 5 e ( )b) frfi l t sae s e u rl imis d t o t rj die p rua t o 91 ()2 ( , o al r o tt y te any a tona e f der lcl i . c i bl e a a m B. C l m sofU nl w f Jai C o tons ai a ul l ndii Tosaeaca eofa tont rj1 apli ifmus etbls t theha be n tt us ci mde 983, antf t sa ih ha s e de i d ofrght gua a e d by t Co tt in o lwsoft Unie St t sa t tt s prve i s r nt e he nsiuto r a he t d a e nd ha hi de i ton r ule f om c uc c m it d by a pe s a tng unde c o ofs a e l w . W e t prva i es t d r ond t om te r on c i r ol r t t a s v. ki ,487U. 42( 988) l or t saeacai i a y fdealcvi aci t pli ifs At ns S. 1 . n der o tt l m n n e r i l ton,he antf û a t a alg to mu tb e o g t riearg t or l fa o et s e u ai lv l'oo e û cu l l ains s e n u h o as ih t ei b v he p c ltve e e , t n m e e ' t ti E a i eon isf c ,' ahe t nm e e y i onceva e' Be lAt. p. Two bl ha s i usbl pl t a e'r t r ha rl l c i bl .' l l Cor v. m y, 4 Reede pr desno s f i or i aboutt ci lcom m im entpr r ovi pecik nf maton he vi t oceedi agai thi . ngs ns m Theeeto cdo ke oft Ari o Co t Cic t r,h we ridiae t tatraj r tilo lcrni c t he lngtn uny ruiCou t o ve,n ctsha fe uy ra n Feb u r 2 201 acvij dg n wase tr da i tRe d r( 00 49 .Afe as c e sula e l r a y 2, 0, i l u me t n ee gans e e CL09 0 7) tr u c sf pp a i whc t Su r meCo r o Vigni ( c r No.1 27 )rves dt Ari onCo nt u me n ih he p e u t f r i a Re o d 01 9 e re he l ngt u yj dg nt a rma de t c s ,Re d ri c r n l s h d e t bertidbeor aj r i Ocob r201 .W hl nd e n d he a e e e s ure ty c e uld o ere f e u y n t e 1 ie t Su r meCo t Vigni ddrve s t Cic tCo r'j dgme c mmit Re de un rt Ac, he p e ur of r i a i e re he rui u ts u nt o ti e r de he t ng h ofr n e ie c ta ayc u t a fu da yo hsdtninrltdt teepo edn st b e fes o vd n e h t n o rh s o n n f i ee t eae o h s r c e ig o e o unlwf . Vigi a cour r dsa eavaia e onlne a : a ul r ni t ecor r lbl l t hûp: 2 21 21 1 2 s olrl of. p; e so d 00 LBDUM CHY5 / 08. 0. 9.3 /c a /og f s j sini=0 0 / j s BY4W % OPV0 lulf uq 4GM : n n1 550U. 544,570( S. 2007) Thec antmus sael et n lbesa c usons a a . ompli t tt t mor ha a l nd oncl i , nd f mul i r cia i oft e e e sofa c us o a to w ilnotdo. I at555. Se a s Cus e or a c e t ton he l m nt a e f ci n l ' d. ' e lo tr v. e y,8 F. 11 11 (t Ci.1 (ndeemi ngwhehe c ai saesa Swe ne 9 3d 56, 63 4h r 996) i tr ni t r ompl nt tt c am ,c t d notac e pli tf sG ootes c uso ofl ' o ç wee ng lga l i our nee c pt a n if t l s oncl i ns aw, r t pi e l f ' s c usonsc ti t f m offcua al tons'. oncl i as n he or a t l legai ') Sic Re d rwa ap era d tie d rngt p ro a is e hscamsc nc r i j i n e e e s rtil ean e u i he eid t su , i li o enng al c tonsmus be e l t d t rt DuePr es Clus oft Foure nt Am e e , a he ondii t vaua e mde he oc s a e he te h ndm nt r t r t n undert Ei h Amendme , c ap i t prs c tonsi ha he ght nt whih ples o ion ondii mpos o c c e ed p onvit d i es Belv.W olih, U. 5 535538( 979) Asage r lnze Cl nl nmat . l fs 441 S. 20, - 1 . ne a l,lol y g over me a c n nt l onduc t tkhoc t c cinc i aci nabl asavi a i oft Fo te h t ha s ks he ons e e' s to e olton he ure nt Ame nt.'Youngv.CiyofM oun Ra e,238F. 567,574(t Ci. )( i ndme ' t t nir 3d 4h r 2001 quotng Co vofSa rme ov.Le s 5 U. 833,8 - ( 998).Thedegeeofc pa lt on unt ca nt wi, 23 S. 45846 1 ) r ul biiy t pa tofc r to ofk il t ti s t intt s kt c c e e de ndson t he r oreci nal t a s ha s ufk e o hoc he ons i nc pe he pa tc a cic s mw e oft c e. I ri ul r r um t s he as d. Re de ' c e r s ompli c it ofas re ofbr dl sa e a s tonsa l galc usons ant onsss e is oa y tt d s eri nd e oncl i wihno s ii f c sofe e i s por.The ef e, sal gai nsa enots fcintunde t pecfc a t f r d n up t r or hi le to r ufi e r Two vt saea j 1 cam. mbl o tt ny 983 li Fis,Ree rf ulst s rf f i m aewor polcest ta l d af l i a ei o rt de a t he he if or n t k i i ha lowe ema e nm t nt Re rsho i a ea whe es r pore s ei hi e ede ' usng r , r he e td e ng m xposnghi el,c i Re rt be i ms f ausng ede o dicplnedwih s g e ton.5 t s i i l mea ur st tdo nots t nta l worent si i t e r ga i i cplna. Di y s e ha ubsa ily s he c tonsofc i m e ofa l w f ly c nfne pe s a e nota tona e unde t due pr s ondii onfne nt a u l o i d r on r c i bl r he oce s caus ...a t sr r es ofwhe he t c nfne e ti c i i lorcvi. M ilrv. l e, nd hi ega dl s t r he o i m n s rm na i l' le Dobi r ' e, 6 4F.d41 41 1 (t Ci. 01 )(iigS n nv Come , 5U. 4 2 4 4( 9 5 a d 3 3 2, 4- 5 7h r 2 1 ctn a di . l r 51 S. 7 , 8 1 9 ) n oh rc s s.Re d rd e n talg a yf csidc tn ta s g e ae c ntn me t tMM RJ t e a e ) e e o s o le e n a t n iaig h t e rg td o i e n a s b e tdhm t lvn c n iin s bsa tal mo er srci eo h rht a c n iin i osd u j ce i o iig o dto s u tn il r e titv r as h n o dto s mp e y o t ej i' g nea p p lto . Th , i alg to sd n ti lc t fdea d p o e s n h als e rl o u ai n us h s le ain o o mp iae e rl ue r c s pr e tons a hi due pr ce scl i sc e ni hi di c plna y co c i a s nc i m us ot c i , nd s o s a m onc r ng s s i i r nvi ton nd a ton t b dimisd,purua t j 1 5( ( () e s se s nt o 91 e)2)b . Re de ne c pli t tofi er us d e s i f r ewhe t ç oughedhi up' e r xt om a ns ha tc s e xce sve o c n hey t r m ' a be thi . Ofi al m a no t kea tonsagans pr tild t ne wih t pur eori e nd a m tci s y t a c i i t e ra e ai es t he pos nt nt o p n s n t e Untd Sae v Co b, 05F.d7 4 (t Ci. 9 0 .P ntveitn ma be f u ihig h m. ie tts . b 9 2 8 4 h r 1 9 ) u ii n e t y i e r d whe t n o off c us d wa notr a ona y r l t t al gii aenon- tve nf re n he m unt or e e s e s bl e aed o e tm t punii o j cie JL Th d tie mu t ho t th ot r itit dt e e s t a wa t np i b e tv . . I . e ean e s s w ha te f s nlce mn c sa' nd no an ke y a s f i on hi ;on t o he ha f c a pled i a good f ih e f t o r s or o de doe nd uf erng m he t r nd, or e p i n a t f or t e t e r r s n to fn c nsiuina p icpe e e i s meij r r s le Or m v. p n , 2 F.d o fe d o t to l rn ils v n f o nu y e utd. e Re ha n 5 3 3 t 442, ( hCi. ) Re derd notalgea fcswhas ve c r ngt 446 4t r 2008 . e oes le ny a t toe r onceni he c r tm s a st d r whi h ofi i l us f r e a ns hi ,t s c fc a t o t tt ic l t nce m e c fc a s ed o c gai t m he pe i c i ns ha he d fn a t t o o t en t eo t eij re h s fee ,fa .Be a ehetusfist p e e t e e d n s o k, r h aur f h n u is e u frd i ny c us h al o r sn 5 Reede scom pl nta r' ai boutt s i dentcent son hi di plnar conviton, r t t on hi hi nci er s sci i y c i a her han s prvac conce ns.He f l t alege f t satng apri y cl m her however ashi alegatonsi cat i y r ais o l ac s t i vac ai e, , s l i ndi e t the s d have antci ed t pr enc off al i a esi hi cel bl durng mealtm esa ha houl i pat he es e em e nm t n s l ock i i nd avoi any expos e ofhi genial t t m . See,e. ,Sti e v.W at s 989 F. 1 ded ur s t s o he g. rcklr er , 2d 375,1 380-1 381 ( t Ci. 9 )(i i n la lt u rj1 b s do imaes alg ton t tt erge t l wee 4h r 1 93 fndng o ibiiy nde 983 a e n n t ' le a i s ha h i nias r expos d t m embe soft oppost s wher polc alowed f al ofi st wal cel bl e o r he ie ex, e iy l em e fcer o k l ocksonl a y t r gua itr as. e lr n e v l) f c son whih hec d s at c oul how t tt a ia i off c wa no r as ha he pplc ton or e s t e onabl r l t t a y e aed o lgtmaej i o jcies ha rso igo d r h d e n t tt ap a sb ecam o e ii t al be t uc s et rn r e, e o s o sae lu il li f v un o siuina f re Ac o dn l,h c u t tsl rl d s s wih u p eu iehi c n tt to l o c . c r igy te o r mus l mma i imis t o t rj d c s y e s i f c cl i s xce sve or e a m . Thid, e de aleg t tof i r s ti hi f r R e r l es ha fce s pi n s ood, us d hi i a di t ce l a de e ho e m n ry l, nd ni d hi m e c lt e t e . t n c eswher t gover m e i ac us d off ii t a t nd t a m di a r a m nt i as l e he n nt s c e a lng o te o de ne ss ro medi lne ,.. c ui e' e i us ca eds . onduc t tnmount t de i r t i fe e e ... s t ha s o lbe a e ndif r nc i viwe ass t inty s ki t t c cincet ti ca s e d ufk e l hoc ng o he ons e ha t n uppor aFoure nt Ame e t te h ndm nt cai ' Parihv. e a 372F. 294, ( hCi. l m. rs Clvelnd, ' 3d 302 4t r 2004)(ntma cttona quotton i e l iai nd ai maksomitd) Si lry,o saeaduepr s cli rgadi haz r j lc tons a r te . mial t tt oce s am e r ng adous ai ondii , d tie t t e n taeet e as be tv a de p e sitn t pt s o t a t ed fn a t ean e t d mo srt ih r u j cie n x r s n e t o mih r h t h e e d n mus a t d wih delbe aei fe e et a e es i rs t t deai e' heat a s f t c e t i r t ndif r nc o n xc sve ik o he t ne s lh nd a ey. Tome v. tmor Count y Bali e v, F. 3d ,2011W L 2457679,*5n. ( hCi.J 1 2011 7 4t r une 5, ) (lpc ( tngHilv. c mus 979F. 987, ( hCi.1 ;Fnme v.Br nna 51 si opy) cii l Niode , 2d 991 4t r 992) r r e n, 1 U. 825,837( 994).Anofiila t wih d i rt i fee eo ywhe s G S. 1 ) fca cs t elbeae ndifrnc nl n he t knowsof and di r ga ds' he rs pos by t de ai e' s rous m e c lnee . Fa r 511U . a s e r ' t i ks ed he t ne s e i di a ds nne , S. t Ree rsf c ua al tonsa e no s fce t sa ea plusbl cli unde t s de ' a t l legai r t ufi int o t t ny a i e a m r he e l ga s a r . Re rs a esno f t i c tng t the s f r d f om a s i m edi alne e l t nda ds ede t t ac s ndi a i ha uf e e r erous c ed t tofi i skne a t butdir r ed,a t r f e he f ist pr s nta a tona e cl i ha t c al w bou , s ega d nd he e or , a l o e e n c i bl a m co e i t a l ed de alofm e ca c r H e a s f ist s a e f c s i ca i t ta nc m ng he leg ni di l a e. l o a l o t t a t ndi tng ha ny pr s of i i kne ofc l c tons o f d s r ce c tonst tpos a e s i r s t i on f c al w e l ondii r oo e vi ondii ha ed n xce s ve i k o i a es f t a a s nm t a e y, nd s uch,he f ist s a e a c tt i lcl i r ga di t e c le a l o t t ny ons iutona a m e r ng hes ha l nged c ndto s Ac o dn l, h c u t l ds s wi u p eu ieRe d rscamsr g r ig o iin . c r igy t e o r wi imis t t rj d c e e ' li e adn l ho f , c l c tons a medial ae, s nt oj 1 5()2)b)6 ood el ondii , nd c c r purua t 91 e( ( . Fo rh, e e ' alg to st a j i o tcasv r l haa s da da u e hi a en t u t Re d rs le ain h t al f il ebal rse n b s d m r o i y s t e t saea consiutona cli .SeeHe lev. wi,1 Fe App' 1 1 ( h ufkint o tt ny tt i l am nse Le s 53 d. x 79, 79 4t Ci. 0 5 (iigColn v Cu y 6 3F. 8 , 2 ( 0hCi.1 7 )(i dn t t l g to s r 2 0 ) ctn lis . nd , 0 2d 25 8 7 1 t r 9 9 fn ig ha al ai n e o v r l b eao ed n tsaec nsi in l ilto ) The ecamsmus besl rl f eba a us ln o o tt o tt o a vo ain . s li m t l mma i y dimis plrua t j1 5()2)b) s sed, zs nt o 91 e( ( . Fial, e e alg st tal fi il voltdhi rg t u e sae1w i v ro n l Re d r l e ha j io tcas i ae s ih s nd r tt a n aius y e w a - - nothous ng hi a r fom ot ri a esasr quied by t s a ut c m itng ys - by i m pa t r he nm t e r he t t e, om ti a s uta db tey a dij rnghm i u s cfe wa st o g ne l nc .S c alg d sa l n atr , n nu i i n n pe iid y hru h gi e u h le e ge vi ai o sat lw aenoti pe ntya tona eunde j 1 a be us alt fde a oltons f t e a r nde nde l ci bl r 983, nd ca e 1 he e r l c n ttto a camsmu tb d s se ,h c u t e ln st e e cs s p lme tl l idcin o siui n l li s e imis d te o r d cie o x r ie u p e n a jz s ito r ove t sae1 cli ,pl s ntt 28U. C. 1 c) Suc cli wilbedimisd r he tt aw ams z ua o r S. j 367( . h ams l s se wi u p eu c . t t rj die ho Il I Fo t er a o ssae ,h c u t imis sRe d rse tr c mp an wi o tp eudc , r h e s n ttd te o r d s se e e ' nie o lit t u rj ie h p ru n t 2 U. C. 1 5 e( )b, o fit et saeacam.Ana p o raeo d rwil u s a t o 8 S. j 91 ()2 ( ) f r all o tt li r p r p it r e l is t sda sue hi y. 6 Re d ras a s rst t alo t il sa c dhi wi utas ac wa rn .W hieimae e e lo se t ha j i fk a s e rhe m t ho e r h ra t l n ts have lm ied cons iutonalpr ecton agai ti i s r i t tt i ot i ns nvasve ea chesoft rbodi ,Re hei es ederalegesno f s l act i ca i t t s c he unde we a M M RJwasi i t i w asconduct i a unr ndi tng hat he ear h r nt t nvasve, hat t ed n n easona e bl ma e , t tiwa un eae t lgtmaesaeitr ssi manti n s c i wihi tej i. nn r or ha t s r lt d o e ii t tt n ee t n i anig e urt t n h al y Th r f e, ef l t saea c nsi to l li r g r i h sben s ac dbyj iofkil.Se Bel e eor h ais o tt ny o tt ina cam e a dng i ig e r he u al t as e l v. olih, 41U. 5 ( 9 )( s u sn l tdrg t o dean e a ans u e s n bl bodl W fs 4 S. 20 1 79 dic s ig i e ih s f t ie s g i t nra o a e iy mi s a c s. e rhe ) 8 TheClr i die t t s nd c esoft sm e a e k s r ced o e opi hi mor ndum opi on a ac om pa ng ni nd c nyi or rt pl i i f de o a ntf . EN TER :Thi JD> da ofJ ,2011 s y une . q Chi U nie St t D i ti tJ ef t d a es sr c udge 9

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