-RSB Dennis v. Jennings, No. 7:2011cv00245 - Document 20 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 12/13/2011. (tvt)

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CL ERP: OFFI C E U. . ST S ATROANOKEDI . COUR' i Ft LE D I TH E UN I ED STATES DI N T STR I CO U R T CT FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRI O F VI NI CT RGI A RO AN O K E D I ISIO N V JAM E S G A RD N ER D EN NIS, Pettoner, ii V. W I AM D.JENNI LLI NGS, R espondent . ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , D 13 2 1 E2 01 JULI C DU A tu - ftC ï' ' .i-: : Y BY. 7 ' ' DE t; P/ J' p # . t? p ' .. - ' x C i lActi N o.7: cvvi on 11- 00245 M EM OM NDVM OPI ON NI By: %. ' h Hon.Jam e C. k s Tur Se or U nie St e Di t i tJudge ni t d at s s r c J m e Ga dnerDenni,aVigi a i t pr ce di pr K ,tl d apeii f awrtof a s r s r ni nma e o e ng o ie tton or i ha a c p , s ntt 28U. C.j225 Peii rague t thi co ci wasobti d be s orus purua o S. 4. ttone r s ha s nviton ane i vi a i ofhi c tt i lr gh spr t c e b t Fourh,Fi t Si h,a Fouree t n ol ton s ons iutona i t o e t d y he t fh, xt nd t nh A m e m e s Re ponde fl a m oton t di m i s a pe ii rr ponded, a ng t nd nt . s nt ied i o s s , nd ttone es m ki he m at rrpef diposton. Afe r vi wi t r c d,t co tg a sr s te i or s ii tr e e ng he e or he ur r nt e ponde ' moton t nts i o dlr s . snl s By i cm e sfld i Aprla Aug t2008, heComm onweat ofVigi acha g ndit nt ie n i nd us t 1h r ni r ed pe ii ne w ih a tto r t bduc i r pe,s m y,us ng a c put rt s i ta m i ,fve c s of ton, a odo i om e o olci nor i ount pr i c l pom ogr phy,a t nt cou sofr pr i wih i entt diti echid oducng hid a nd we y nt e oducng t nt o srbut l por r phy,i vi ai ofVigni Codejj18. 48,1 2- ,1 2- 1 1 2- 4. l 2nog a n olton ri a 2- 8. 61 8. 67., 8. 37 38, 8. 374. ,a 1 2- 1 1 r pe i y. 1 nd 8. 374. : , es d vel By t Co m o e t sm oton a pur ua t a pl a e m e , he Com m onwea t he m nw alh' i nd s nt o ea gr e nt t 1h nolp os e t a r s d he bdudi a pr ton ofc l por a cha ges TheComm o alh on nd oduc i hid nogr phy r . nwe t al o a e d t r m a ni i c m e st c r pe ii rw ih m i de e nor s xuala e, s m nde he e i ng ndi t nt o ha ge ttone t s m a e bus m i de e no c r lkno l dge, el y us ofa c put rt s i ta m i r and t e y c t o s m a r a na w e f on e om e o olci no , w nt oun s f fl yposesi ofc l por a i vi ainofVigi aCodejj18. 67. 1 2- ( , eon s son hid nogrphy,n olto r ni 2- 4, 8. 361A) 1 . 3 4.( , n 1 . 3 4.:( ,e p ciey. 82- 7 3 8) a d 82-7 11A) r s e tv l Durng pe ii r s guit pl a he r ng, he Com m onw e t pr f r t e de e t i ttone ' ly e a i t alh of e ed he vi nc o s uppor pe ii rspl sa isno1pr s quia n t ttone ' ea nd t os e nd mend e st t i cm e s m nt o he ndit nt . l Fe r ayo 2 0 ,h r wa a91 c l fo aj v nl fmae i s ewa l c tda n b u r f 0 8 tee s 1 al r m u e i e lgl h s o ae t e Turl Cr e Apa t e s Thepolcer s te e k rm nt . i e ponde a t l d wiht gil whowasa t t d nd ake t he r, t ha poits ve e n ye r a ni mont ol l tal t g r sa e t s ha met n e nt e a s nd ne hs d. nii ly, he il t t d hat he d geiin r o ln o Fa e o k S eidc tdt a h ha ie tfe hms l . . s p tto e) n ie n c b o . h n iae h t e d d n iid i ef . a J tn, ha hehad fown he he e a t theha t nhed hera i therwila r pe usi t t l r r nd ha d he l gans l nd a d he i a a rme a Turl Cr e Subs ue i e v e i c t d s r n n pa t nt t te e k. eq nt ntr i ws ndia e ome i ons s e i s i he sa e e s s ii a l . . ha t t o ha m e on a s t c l nc it nc e n r t t m nt , pec f c ly . t t he w d t ie aled s e nga r nge e t .om ,i whih s a d i sand s rba e ,t t nnsus d on t e ki r a m n sc n c ug r add e uga bi s he e e he we st, e ke c oh ro t Boh( eiin r a dtefmaeh delold. . nt a b ie s e a h te u . t p tt el n h e l a r le . o h t o r st a ha m e ea h ot rt ought tst Bo h oft m had ma ... ie nd d t c he hr ha ie. t he de m ir pr s n a i a se e e t tons boutt m s ve . Thef mal s ctcal had mir pr s t d he he el s e e pe ii ly se e en e r ag a t r wasalos ( dic sonbewe nt t oft abou wha mi t e, nd hee s ome ) sus i t e he wo hem t t gh oc ur s d t y e rm e t c houl he ve e. g t in r ha p i t fyh rgoAle reCo ny a ds ea r e t c me peio e) d ad o l e t b mal u t) n h g e d o o t h r gj. . h wa o iial fo Come tc t n i c re tyl n i Come t u . ee n . s e s rgn l r m l ciu a d s u rn l i g n l ci t ' y vi c Shet ne ei t n ye r ol i M a - s d s f e he e a a ee t fy he e fom ur d gh ee a s d n y ai he l w r nd gr d o l r r Co n ciu .I' u ip tdt t e ti sxa t o c re j b ti' as n w u ds ue n e tc t ts nds u e ha c ran e cs c u gd , u ts lo o n ip td t tt ydi la t a rmen t ehe l)i ot wor ,s i talyt do had ha he d e ve he pat t og t ri n her ds he nii l ol r ne ec e t t l polc t tt y ha l f t a r m e ... t n t tm e t s go gl t d o e l i e ha he d e t he pa t nt be wee he i hat he t he ea t tmet ts c le t polc l wa lt r... e a e t t ydi la r nd he i ha he a ld he ie. t s a e r ve l d hat he d e ve t a rm ent t y w e t St r he pa t , he nt o a bucks t y w e t t g o r s or ,a t r w a no , he nt o he r ce y t e nd he e s a t m pta t tpoi t a e ta body ofwha wasgoi on ort a oft f c sass te t ha nt o l r ny t ng o ny he a t he ha sae t m t polce Thepolc t nar td ( ttone jf t f c r s d ttd he o i . ie he rese peii r or he our hage r lt d t t gil r pe,s domy, eofac ea e o he r: a o us omput rt e i eam i ,and a e o ntc nor bduc i wih ton t i entt defl nt o ie. Asars toft tar t, sve a c e ul ha reslj e r l omputr wees i da ot rc es r eze nd he omputre pme , e qui nt b t a alc to wh r ( t in r wa sa iga dfo ac r a wel sfo h sh me oh t o ain e e pei o ej s tyn n r m a , s l a r m i o . t Thec omput r we es r hed pu s ntt s r h wara sf revi ncepe ti ngt t e s r ea c r ua o ea c r nt o de rani o he c r e r ltn t t j v nl fmae s cfc l te weelo i gf ra yp t g a hs hag s eaig o he u e i e l, pe iial h y r o k n o n hoo rp e y aswel asf e de a t how t t ha c l or vi nce s o he wo d omet me tonlne o e i . Th o g tec u s o ta s ac , i g swe efu dwh t p a e t b mio grs r u h h o re f h t e rhl ma e r o n a a pe r d o e n r il j a j niegil,a as e nts rhwarntwasobti Durngt c s of nd uve l rs nd ubsque eac ra aned. i he oure t s ac ofs oft c he e rh ome he omputr a t e pme g)ofier dic rdi ge es nd he qui nt, fc s s ovee ma s de c i c l por a pi tng hid nogr phy,a Iwa t di c she e s cii aly t dif r n t s of nd nt o s us r pe fc l he f e e t ype 2 i g sfu d.Thei g sta lljt t e( ny rp o u to c a g s. .h tae ma e o n ma e h t ed o h t tl e r d ci n h r e . t a r we bengt y r duce t pos esi we e i a eofpr pubes e c l e eihe i ve i i oda e d o s son r m g e c nt hidr n t r nvol d n orsmultng s x acs The e we ei gesa vi ost twer downl ded fo ot r i a i e t. s r ma nd de ha e oa r m he i e e s t s Som e oft m w e e quie ol a ha be n outt r i c rs c f r nt m t ie . he r t d nd d e he e n ybe pa e o s m epe i o tm ea hadbee downl de on o t co putr pos e s d b a o rod f i nd n oa d t he m e s s s e y nd rtiv dfo (eiin r.Th s weeo iial c ag da p o ucinb c u ei ere e r m p tto e ) e e r rgn ly h re s r d to e a s t a a ed t ts ve a c esoft s pi t esha be n m a a t y we e s ve t ppe r ha e r l opi he e c ur d e de nd he r a do dif r ntpl ce , t c ux oft tc r Ibe i ,waspos e s on. l w a not fe e a s but he r ha ha ge, leve s si t s r pr e oduc i ofwhatw e t nk ofa t t c r pr uc i w he e you t ke a m a zi ton hi s he ypi al e od ton r a ga ne a dy up tio (qc p ma hn a dgv ac p t y u fin . . n o u t n a o y c ie n i e o y o o r re d . . Thes co s tofi e nd e mage ,a t ea et fvet ta ec r ed a pr ton,we e s nd hos r he i ha r ha g s oduc i r i mage ofol rf m aes bot known a t s de e l , h nd mkno wn.Andwhe 1s y known a n a nd unkno n,t i age oft pr pube ce tc l r n w e e kno n t pe s w ho w he m s he e s n hid e r w o r ons i siat chidpor a i ohe i tgai ha 1dt t i ntt oft e nve tg e l nogrphyl) t r nvesi tons d e o he de iy hes c l r n. W ih r s c t t fvei a st twe ec r a t ewe e pho ogr phs hid e t e pe t o he i m ge ha r haged, nd hes r t a o od rgrs t s we e--a la t n o t o egrs weweea l t d tr n ge) f le il,hee r - t e s o e f h s il, r b e o eemie h r i ntt ... hr de iy t ough ot wine s s The s ond g r t ti de c e i t e i a s w e her t s e . ec i l ha s pi t d n hos m ge , dono kno t i iy of butwe'ena r wi down t tai ... t who t tgil t w he dentt , r r o ng he r l as o ha r was And i' i . ts mpora t ditng s be we n t et t pesofi tnt o si uih t e hos wo y mage f t s or he pu pos s oft pl a ag e m e . r e he e r e nt Fort pur esof ... he pom og a c r s a Ii c t d t e w a - ce t nl t he pos t r phy ha ge , s ndi a e her s - rai y he c x ofiwa posesi t twa ( nt lgi e,heewa no r lymuc diput a nl t s s son ha s uni eli bl)t r s t eal h s e, nd Ibeivet r sgoi t beasrihtup g lyplat t posesi oft egwe yj le hee' ng o tag uit e o he s son hos t nt c l por a c r es The e .. woul ha bee a l ldi put ... eg r ng hid nogr phy ha g . r . d ve n ega s e r a di Vigi ac elw ...(bout t prciemame i whiht s i ge wer ha e by r ni as a a j he e s r r n c he e ma s e ndld ( ttone :we e(he rpr uci or.. smpl pr uci ...( ha wast ba i peii rl r t yj e od ton . i y od ton. Tj t he ss f r duci t cha ge t pos e son fom r pr ton. or e ng he r s o s s i r e oduc i On t pr ton c r s wih r pe tt t i a sofone oft grs t onet twa he oduc i ha ge , t es c o he m ge he il, he ha s unknown a wewe es t na r ng down t ta lo t r wasadiput a nd r or of rowi he r i n, he e s e bouthe r a et tpr g ha obabl c d ha gonee t rwa I' myunde sa ng t tt de e eha y oul ve ihe y. ts r t ndi ha he f ns d i o to t ti w oul have pr s nt d t tt gila t tm e t i a w e e m ade nf nna i n ha t d e e e ha he r t he i he m ges r w a ove t a ofe g e n. W e ha e de e w ebele ,t s s r he ge i ht e d vi nc , i ve o uppor t ts w a unde t ha he s r t a ofeg e n, unlket t nt posesi i ge glt eweei sofgil he ge ihte but i he we y s son ma s, hes r mage rs whoweemuc cl e t t eg e nlnet al t yweet t ei ,ni ,ortnye r r h os r o he ihte i hg n he r o he ght ne e ao1 lnet tg mi ha e ced.Theot r, t t i gesoft gilt tkne d i ha onej ght ve xpe t hes wih he ma he r ha w who s w a ,t Co m o ea t hasc he s he m nw lh once nsa r boutoura lt t go f wa d w ih biiy o or r t r s c t t pr e pe t o he oduci oft e de ea wha e de ewewoul be a et pr uce, ton he vi nc nd t vi nc d bl o od Ido beleve we w oul be abl t pr i d e o oduce s e evi om dence concer ng herage,w het t ni her hat woul have be n a i sbl orwhe he t twoul ha be n s fci nti lg oft d e dm s i e t r ha d ve e uf i e n i ht he Cou tsnzi gji' obvi l upi t ar r' lngs, ts ousy n he i. 3 W ihr pe tt t Fe uay( 08c s whihs t ldt aloft s ldon'wa t t es c o he br r 201 a e c or of e o 1 hit nt o s l t Com m onw e 1h c e t f rdown t rve ,b t r we e c er a tt e l he a t as oo a he i r ut he e r onc ns bou he i pe c biiy oft vitm i t sc s Tha wa oneoft prma y co e nsf e r m a ha lt he ci n hi a e. t s he i r nc r or nty it ape a re n .No- l o t n t sy t i yfo t a ta (i)t n o la g e me t t d n'wa t o a - o mpl r m h t h t sc he Co n at di n t eiv h r b t b iu l gee ec u s l h dif nn to mmo we l d o b l e e, u o vo sy d fns o n el a n o ain h e a lbl t he t ts woul ha veyrg l be na et cos -xa lnelt spes vaia e o r ha he d ve r ihty e bl o r se m i hi ron w a t i ca e t ts was tc pl t l f t om i i t be nni t tt r we e s o ndi t ha he n' om e e y orhc ng n he gi ng, ha he e r ot rf t t ts et rwihhed fo t polc orsa e i orec l t t polc a he acs ha he ihe t l r m he ie t t d nc r ty o he ie, nd ta wa ac n eni tnnso wh ta u ymih utmaeyd o tos c r e . h t s o cr n e f a j r g t li tl o n h e hag s Se ondl ...t svi tm lve i Conne tc , nd t r a e ... s uesw ih ge tng her c y, hi c i i s n c i ut a he e r is t ti he e, c weha ove c e a s sc ra nl wilng t c r whih ve r om , nd he' e ti y li o omef wa d....And, or r a i Idon' m e n t i yt tldon' be ivewha s s i butr t rt tIkne t t gan, t a o mpl ha t le t he ad, ahe ha w ha t r w e e w ea s es i t c s t twoul ha bee ve y r ghty e oie a Idi he e r kne s n he a e ha d ve n r i l xpl t d nd d notwa tt putt vitm t o h t t ...The ... eofac n o he c i hr ug ha . us ompu e t e ieam i t r o ntc nor c r wilrquieg tto r t rgitrwiht s xua ofende rgity,t twa a hage l e r peiinej o e se t he e l f r e sr ha s prm a y c i r once n f he . A nd a he c r or r not r oncem w ast the pl d t a s xua ba t r l ha ea o e l te y c r ,w he he i w asa m i de ea o a f l y s w a no c er d, s di ha ge t rt s m nor r e on he s t onc ne but he d wa t r t be s e s tofs xualba t r c c i n, s he - s wasco ule nt he e o om or e te y onvi to and o r he ns t d be or t sofe wasm a fnal f e hi f r de i . ( e HrgTrn 1 - 6) Pla ' a . 0 1 . Folowi t Com m onw e lh' pr f r de e e c l ng he a t s of e , f ns ouns lt d t Cic tCour t e ol he r ui t he r a onswhypettone ,de piet orgi c r sa e de ,i e d t e e g lyplas es ii r s t he i nal ha ge nd vi nce nt nde o ntr uit e t t pos es i cha ge a a A lor 1pl t t s x c i e . o he s son r s nd n f d ea o he e rm s W et nk t tt Cour s ul a c ptt spla a ee nt Le m ebeg n fr twih t hi ha he t ho d c e hi e gr me . t i is t he pos e son c r s be us pos e s on ofc l por a y i t t u h oft s s s i ha ge , ca e s s i hid nogr ph s he r t hi c s . . ( eiin r i wiln t b a c u tbef rp se sn c idp r o rp y a d ae . . P tto e) s l g o e c o n a l o o s sig h l o n g a h , n i r ly,t tswha t sca ewa al a utfom t be nni ... W ha ha pe wa eal ha ' t hi s s 1 bo r he gi ng. t p ned s t twhe t polcewe t arsde et twa i bie by( ttone , t yf a ha n he i nt o e i nc ha s nha td peii rl he ound lp t c a op omputr,andt r wasade c atc t icaldalc drve.A lcydrve e gl hee vie ta hed o t le a y i a i i a sor dik....whos onl pur e i t s or i or a i ... A nd wha lw a tt s t age s e y pos s o t e nf m ton. t n o m a c ea t t Cour i t tt s wasnota c s i whi h t e i ag exi t d al ove ke l r o he t s ha hi ae n c hes m es s e 1 r t pl c The wer f he a e. y e ound on t sngl de c ... W ha t s c s w a r a l a ta 1 he i e vi e. t hi a e s e ly bou 1 aong,alhough i wa c r d asr pr ton, sat hnialis a utwhe he l t t s ha ge e oduc i wa ec c s ue bo t r ( ttone jr pr ed, t b rac ngoutvi t i ene a brngi t s ie peii r e oduc eiher y e hi a he ntr t nd i ng hee tms i o hi com put ort e m ay have been evi nt s er her dence t w e woul have cont t about hat d es ed 1Se Norh Ca olna v. Alod, 0 U. 25 3 - 7(9 0 . e t r i fr 4 0 S. , 5 3 1 7 ) 4 whehert i a we eelc r cal ta mit d fom al p t t t sde c And l t he m ges r e toni ly r ns te r a op o hi vie. g st chnialy unde t saut t tc d beviwedasr pr ues e c l r he t t e ha oul e e oducng,butlt nkt i hi he i pora t ng t tt s pl a e m e r f e t i t ti t tha be t m t nt hi ha hi ea gr e nt e l c s s ha f ha d en he Com m onw e lh' evi nc a w e w o d ha p e e t d e r t s i ony t t e f d a t s de e, nd ul ve r s n e xpe t e tm o he f e t tbas c ly you ca s ve t e i a f om t i e e die ty on t t s ha ia l n a hes m ges r he nt m t r c l o hi de c ..whi h ha t ca l be n pr e ut d a sm pl pos e s o ... l wasr ly a 1 vi e, c s ypi ly e os c e s i e s s i n. t ea l 1 ao gac s a o thep se so o te emaeil, n g eiinej i sg igt spla ln a e b u t o s sin f h s tras a d p tto r,n inn hi e a e me ,hasa e t beac ountbl f t t a wet nk t tsa opra e. gr e nt gr ed o c a e or ha , nd hi ha ' ppr it On t ot rc r es t s xualbat r t c r a knowldge, e ie e , hos a e he he ha g , he e te y, he n n l e and ntc m nt t e r fan y ca e i whi h w e ha r a hed a ag e m e t s r t r pe tve i e e tof r kl s s n c ve e c n r e nt o e ve he es c i nt r s t pa te . W e t nk t tt r w a a s t nta def ns t t e a l tonsa w e he r i s hi ha he e s ubs a i l e e o hos lega i nd woul ha de e dt e.Ho ve , s se of1w a t Supr m eCour s ys d ve f nde hos we r our y tm a nd he e ta t ti i nota m i us ofpl a a e m e s f a pe s t e e a A lor pl a under ha t s s e e gr e nt or r on o nt r n f d e c rancru tn e , n ta ' wh t(eiin r itn st d t d y eti ic msa c s a d h ts a p tto ej ne d o o o a . W i r s e tt t o ec ag s a an lt b c u a dj s tyt q ikl r nt u hte t e p c o h s h r e , g i,e me a k p n u t r o uc y u ho g h h fcs Th r ' a e ii i t efl,tsmak da De e d n ' e h bt# , ihi t e a t. ee s n xhbt n h i i' r e s fn a ts x i i 4 wh c s hg) e we st o wh c ( ei o e)a d g evci me, e kn arng me t.o ( e b i n ih p tt n r n t itm) t se ig ra e n sc m. Th e i h pr e ut )me i dt tt r weemirprs nttonsb bot pa te a os c or ntone ha hee r se e e ai y h ris bout t ms l ont swe iea me ine t t(hevitmlhadmirpr e e he eves hi bst nd nto d ha t ci se esntd if r t na o th ra ei t b mo es e ii g i h r(nl e p ofl s ei e tfe n o mai b u e g g o e r p cfc, n e o i l r ie h d niis o ) ) n he s l asa t r ef went one ye rol Le m e be c e t tt e w a no e de e or p a d. t l ar ha her s vi nc i or i i t sca et s s t t( ttonelha a ot ri or tona t s nf maton n hi s o ugget ha peii r d ny he nf mai bout hi pe s e e wha he la ne o t swe ie t tt r wa no i or tont s es r on xc pt t e r d n hi bst , ha he e s nf mai o ugg t t thekne t tt syoung ldy wa nott t one. 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( h ' t e i s n n p rme t t rl e k, n h lc s al o 1 . . Sje s i e o t pho f ma t ry, ory-i m i t wiht 911ope at .I t tc l . . n he ne or ybe hit f t fve nu es t he r or n ha a l . , he i ta sae ntt t 911o rt it tIt nkIvebe n a t It nklvebe n r niil ttme o he peaor s,t hi ' e bduced, hi ' e ) kina p d.' l t e91 c l, fc u s ,h p ro man ansc n a twi he d p e lq n h 1 alo o re te e s n iti o tc t r ' h t oug utt e ie phonec l.l t 'soutt ts spl i t phonecalfom t hr ho he ntr a l t ul n ha he' acng he l r he a rme whe es cli st ts sbe n s xua l as a t d a whe e s i now pa t nt r he am ha he' e e ly s ule nd r he s al ,a t 911rs one nd he e ponde s ys (k'ouknow,welma yo betrl ve, me n, r a ,dsl l, ybe u te ea 1 a do youkno wheehei,ma youbetrl vet tplc l' I t te iec l ylj w r s ybe te ea ha a e.' n ha ntr oloqu , l t r i ne r a cl m by he t ts ' be n s xua l a s ule r pe ora hi t he e s ve ny ai r ha he s e e ly s a t d, a d nyt ng, o w hi h i s e pe e' m i i i nss e wih hum a na ur a t w a peo e c n om opl s nds s nco i t nt t n t e nd he y pl woul t c l r pond afe aki ofvi e as a tt ts l e d c i .The e i d ypialy es tr nd olnt s ul ha he atr es rbes r s nota m e i n ofa s xua as a tora hi i t ten ie 911 c l. ny nto ny e l s ul nyt ng n ha tr al Thent polc a rvea s hasco a twih s ve alpolc ofi r ,i udi ...a he ie r i nd he nt c t e r i e tce s ncl ng fmaep ieo fc rwh a k g ev ci a tese l E r y uhu td y une dt e l ol fie o s s t itm) t h c ne,d e o r, o o e o c h Al got t hos tlg' a s sysno.l a ton, tha pe ne i t toneoft o he pia,' nd he a ) n ddii wha p ns xt s ha he o fc r s y lt ) l, o k o wh aey u a dh w odaey u?' An ta ' wh n fie s a s,û ely u n w, o r o n o 1 r o () d h ts e W ' s me me i t tt auhorte aegoi t c at(hevitm)smohe . o body ntons ha he t iis r ng o ontc t ci ' t r Folow i t t w e ha t ale tonst ts w a s xua l a s t l ng ha , ve he l ga i ha he s e ly s auled. Th p lc c nd t ln tyitr iw wi ( evit ,tsal i e tp d.I le ete e o ie o uc a e gh n e ve t t ci i' l v d oa e beiv h h h m) vd o a e - i h rfrtrctlo wh t a e e ( t evci t lsa o thee e t i ie tp s n e is e ia f a h pp n d - h itm) ak b u t v n s n t a rment Thepolc ha i onna i o s how i c he pa t . i e ve nf ton r ome t omest lghtt ts has o i ha he be n outoft a rmen a hasgonet t g oc r sor a g t Str e he pa t t nd o he r e y t e nd one o a bucks buti , n h riiilrctto o tefcs( vci n v rtlsa o tha.S en v rtlsa o t e nta e iain f h a t t itmj e e ak b u t t h e e ak b u he i t i s s c r e by au horte wih t ti or a i and t n s s ys wel, s t mtl he' onf ont d t ii s t ha nf m ton, he he a , l ye , t tdi ha n.And s t sor s t n tlsi t ts stkent t sa rm e ,s s ha d ppe o he t y he he e l s ha he' a o hi pa t nt he' vi e l r pe a t ns a ( ttone)la t a rme ,t ygot t g oc r olnty a d, nd he he nd peii r e ve he pa t nt he o he gr ey soej... t ygot St buc ....Ats mepoi t polc hadas dhe a t tr and he o ar ks o nt he ie ke r bout he St mbuc c nt i rt ts ha a s ha t l a hor est ts go t ta t ks o a ne ha he d nd he d o d ut hi ha he t ha t he ar t ipor . Ha t scaebe ntid,g ttonejwoul ha de edt theha a ki off c d hi s e re peii r d ve ni ha d ny nd ored sxwih ghevitmj a ki ofnonc e ua s x,a hewoul ha de edt the e t t ci , ny nd ons ns l e nd d ve ni ha 6 kne t ts wasunde ageba e on wha hekne ofhe fom t sc putr w ha he r sd t w r r hi om e webst ...lt nk wha t splaag e m e doe i a ly s toft htuly brng ie. hi t hi e r e nt s s dual or houg f l i t t ra a oprael pu s wha ( ttoneldi Thehe r oft ss nt i ogehe nd ppr it y nih t peii r d. a t hi e encng g ieie , lh u ht e tc me ti tep i r o fn ewh r (eiin r p c su ud ln s at o g he nie n s h rmay fe s ee p tto e ) ik p s bs a i lpoi s i r ly f rt pos es i a It r wha t pa te c e pl t d i u t nta nt , s ea l o he s s on, nd hil k t he ri s ont m a e s t tt tsr lyt mea oft sc s ,t tswheet he r oft sca e(s,a t ts ha ha' eal he t hi a e ha' r he a t hi s i) nd ha' ral wh t( ei o els o l b p n s e f r An whe wernteg d ln s a dt a e ly a p tt n r h ud e u ih d o . d n a h uieie , n h t i wa r ly s tofhow wewer viwi why t spl a e m e wasa oprae.Ont s eal or e e ng hi ea gr e nt ppr i t he fig sweh v t s oh rc ag st a (eiin r wo l smpyd n ta h i n t rn e a e he e te h r e h t p tto e) u d i l e y h t e s o guit of buti pr c i lt c e sonss tme ha t be madea wet nkt t ly , n a tcaiy onc s i ome i s ve o nd hi ha t si a cic s a e und whi h t tki ofco s i n i a o i t ,i pa tbe a e hi s r um t nc er c ha nd nce s o s ppr pra e n r c us t c r s i l ng t a he ha ge , nc udi he bduc i n w ih i e t de ie c r i a po e i ls n e e of to t nt nt o fl , a res t nta e t nc s e t e y t lf on t to c r So unde cic s a e i i no i ppr pr a e f om w nt o ie ha ne ha ge. r r um t nc s t s t na o i t or ade e ntt m a de sonsc it ntwih hi ownbes i er s a entri t t s f nda o ke cii onsse t s t nt e t nd e n o hi ki ofa e m e . Butw e t nk t tt s nt nc ng gui lne r fec a a opra e nd gr e nt hi ha he e e i de i s e l t n ppr i t s nt nc f rt s m pl pos e s o oft sm a e i l a t t s r a l w ha t sca e i e e e o he i e s s i n hi t r a , nd ha ' e ly t hi s s a t bou . (d.2129. l - ) A fe hea i t Com m onwea t s a c tr rng he lh' nd ouns lsr ia i oft f t ,t Ci c t e ' ec t ton he ac s he r ui Co r ta k dt e t e a s ip o i ed gt a o p ru iyt u d rtn fr r a o t h u th n e h m t c u e t r v d l l i) n p o tnt o n esa d a mo e b u t e b c s ta (t c u dh v fo smpyra i gt ep ei n r h ai a dra i gt e a e h n iq o l a e r m i l e d n h r l ay e rng n e d n h mi i c me s ... TheCicui Cour t n f md t tt plaagr e e wa a opra ea ndit nt . ' ' r t t he ot ha he e e m nt s ppr it nd a c pt d i bas ont r ie f c s c e e t ed he ect d a t .Folowi peii rsplasandt coloquy,t Cic t l ng ttone ' e he l he r ui Co r ma et fcu lfn igta ' b s du n ( eCo n at s e rirs mmayta u t d t a t a i dn h ts ae po t mmo we lh') ale u r h t a h t r se de oft Co m o alh t s po ta a ce a oft guit pl i e h of he e' vi nce he m nwe t o up r n c pt nce he ly ea n ac t etr ec r es' td 46. hes h e ha g . L= ) ' Aferhea i t pr f r f csa t e l to oft e de e,peii rpla d t rng he ofe ed a t nd he vauai n he vi nc ttone e de g ly t t t e y c uit o he w nt ount ofpos e s ng c l por r p a g ve a A lor pl a t s xua s s s i hid nog a hy nd a n f d e o e l batery,car know l t nal edge,and use ofa com put t solci a m i . The Cicui Court er o i t nor r t s e nty c ubs que l onduc e t c l t d he oloquy t de e ne whet rpe ii r s g ly a Alor pl a o t nni he ttone ' uit nd f d e s 7 we eknowi y a vol a iy e e e Afe bengs ',pe ii rt sii dt theat nde r ngl nd unt rl nt r d. tr i wol ttone e tfe ha n te d cole f l u r t e h c r a ai thi ,unde s ood how t gove n e w oul ha l ge, uly nde s ood ac ha ge g ns m rt he r m nt d ve hadt pr ve e c c r f l dic s d t c r sa hi pl aswih couns l a wavedhi o o a h ha ge, uly s us e he ha ge nd s e t e, nd i s rg t otil yj r . ih t ra b u y Peii rac ttone knowldg t thepla guit t t pos e son c r be us hei,i e ed ha e ded ly o he s s i ha ges ca e s n f c ,guit ofe h c r e. W he as whe he hepla d g ly t t s x ofe e , ttone a t ly ac ha g n ked t r e de uit o he e f ns s peii r de e f cua guita r f r nc hi Alor pl . Pe ii ra knowl d t thewa ni d a t l l nd e e e ed s f d ea ttone c edge ha s a e i puni hm e bec us he be i st tt Co m onw e lh' evi nce w a s fc e t cc ptng s nt a e leve ha he m a t s de s uf i i nt o fnd hi g ly e n t i m uit ve hough he ha e de e t t co r r Pe ii ne a s unde sood t tt d vi nc o he nt a y. tto r l o rt ha he pos es i c r e s s on ha ges xpos hi t u t a fve- a s nt nc on e ch c ed m o p o i ye r e e e a ounta t tt Cic t nd ha he r ui Cour c d i t oul mpos t s ma mum s nt nc ,whi ht ald 111y r 'i ar e a i e he e xi e e es c ot e ea s nc c r ton. Pe ii ra s s i hef l r viwe wih c elt ap i bl s nt nci g dei ttone lo a d uly e e d, t ouns , he plca e e e ng ui lnes a t plaag e ntbe or he sg i.No a y,peii rt sii d t the de i d by nd he e r eme f e i ned t t bl ttone e tfe ha cde hi s l t e e hi pl asafe di c s ng t c r w ih c m e f o nt r s e t r s us i he ha ges t ouns la he de e t a e nd ni d hat nyone , i l ng c uns ,pr s ur d,tleae ncudi o el e s e lr tned,o f c hi t e e hi pl s Pe ii rwa r or ed m o nt r s ea . ttone s û ntr l s tsi d'wih couns lspe f d iey aife ' t e e ' ronna e a u e so e yquesi t Cic tCour nc nd nd r t od ver ton he r ui t a ke hi .The Cic tCour c l s d m r ui t oncudedt t bas d on peii ' de e no i c t nd hi ha , e ttoners m a r n our a s r pons s he f l unde s ood t na ur a c e ue e ofpl di guit a e e ed hi es e , uly rt he t e nd ons q nc s ea ng ly nd nt r s pl a f e l vol a iy, i e lge ty. e s ' e y, unt r l and nt li n l r Th Cic i Co r e trdp tto e' c i n l u g n o Jn r 6 2 0 .Th Cic i e r ut u t n ee ei n rs rmia j d me t n a uay , 0 9 e rut i Cour s enced pettonert an aggregat s ence off y-hr yem' and sx m ont t ent ii o e ent ort t ee s i hs. How ever,i s pended t rt t yearsand sx m ont whi, m eanspettonerm us ser an t us hi y-wo i hs, ch ii t ve 8 a tve s nt eofe e n ye s M os oft i c i e enc l ve ar . t he mpos d s ntncer s t d fom at yea t r of e e e e ule r wo- r e m i r e a i f e ch oft t e y pos es i c r s t w hi h pe ii rpl de guit nca c r ton or a he w nt s s on ha ge , o c ttone ea d ly. H owe r t c r ui c ts pe d al butsx- ont 'i a c r ton f ea h oft t nt ve , he i c t our us nde l i m hs nc r e a i or c he we y pos es i c r . s s on ha ges Peii rtid t a alt t Co tofAppe l ofVigi a butt tc tdimis dt ttone re o ppe o he ur as r ni , ha our s s e he a alonNove be 25, ppe m r 2009, a et notc ofa alwa nottm ey fld.Peii rdi bec us he ie ppe s i l ie ttone d nota ppea t tde son t t Su e Co tofVigi a. l ha cii o he pr me ur r ni I M a c 201 pe ii rfld apetton f ra wrtofha a c puswih t Cic t n r h 0, ttone ie ii o i be s or t he r ui Cour. Peii rr s d t f l wi c am s t ttone aie he olo ng l i ' . ( Thechidpor rph c r sagans peii rr ule fom anunlwf s ac A) l noga y hage i t ttone es td r a ul e rh t tvi a e pe iine ' Fourh Am e ha olt d tto rs t ndme rgh s nt i t ; ( Thec r ofpos e so ofc l por grphyrs t fo asngl a tof B) hages s sin hid no a e uled r m i e c pos e s on a t r f e t m uli e c r s f om one ac vi a e t D oubl s s i nd he e or , he tpl ha ge r t ol t d he e J opa d Clus oft Fit Ame e t a e r y a e he fh ndm n ; nd ( Tra c u s l r v d diefciea ssa c i ta c u s l y: C) il o n e p o i e n fe tv sitn e n h t o n e b ( )Falngt c le t unlwf sac a s z eofhaddrvesus dby 1 ii o halnge he a ul e rh nd eiur r i e pe ii r ttone ; ( Coeci peiine i opla ngg ly; 2) r ng tto r nt e di uit ( )Faln t o ti e up tr e ie c wh c p tto rh dgve d tiso t 3 iig o b an xc laoy vd n e ih eiine a i n eal f o c ouns l a e ' nd , ( Faii t utlz t rpor ofaps hol itasmii tone d ea t 4) lng o iie he e t yc ogs tgai vienc t he s nt nc ng hea i e e i rng. TheCic tCour dim is dt cli si Se embe 201 Peii ne a ald t t r ui t s s e he am n pt r 0. tto r ppe e o he Supr m e Co tofV igi a whi h r f e t a e ur r ni , c e us d he ppea be us t r w asno r ver i e e r i t l ca e he e e s bl r or n he Cic i Co r' j g n . r ut u ts ud me t I M a 2011 pe ii rtme yfld t i t n f de a pe ii f awrtofha s n y , ttone i l ie he nsa t e r l tton or i bea cor pus. Pettonerpr enty ar ii es l gues t f l ng cl m s: he olowi ai 9 ( Th c idp r o rp yc ag sa ans p tto r e utdfo a u a u s ac A) e h l o n g a h h r e g i t eiine r s le r m n nlwfl e rh t tvi a e pe ii ' Fourh Ame e rg s ha olt d ttoners t ndm nt i ht ; ( Thec r sofposesi ofc l ponogrphyr s tdfom asngl a to B) hage s son hid r a eule r i ec f pos es i a t r o e, hemuli ec r sfom oneac vi a e t Dou e s son nd he ef r t tpl ha ge r t olt d he bl J opa d C l us oft Fi t A m e ent a e r y a e he fh ndm ; nd ( Tra cou e pr d i fe i asitnc i t tc e by: C) il ns l ovied nefctve ssa e n ha ouns l ( )Faln t c aln eteu a u sac a ds iu eo h r d ie u e b 1 iig o h le g h nlwf l e rh n ez r f ad rv s s d y pe ii r a ttone ; nd ( )Co r igp tto rit p e dn g l 2 ecn eiine no la ig uiy. t Res ponde r que t di m i s loft pe ii a gui t tpe ii rpr ed a l nt e s s s s a he tton, r ng ha ttone oc ur ly d futds mecamsa dta tesaec u tsa j d c to o t esaep tto d e no warn ea le o li n h t h tt o r' du iain f h tt ei n o s t ra t i ha a r le . be s e i f I. I A. Peii ne e used sae c tr medi . tto r xha t t t our e es Res ponde ale swihouts nt l ge t uppor t tpeii rf ie t exha tsa ecour r me e t ha ttone a ld o us tt t e di s f Cl ms( a ( .A f rlcolt( ynotgrntawrtofhabe c pust peii ri or ai A) nd B) edea tr C ma a i as or o ttone n sa ec t unl st pe ii rhasfr te use hi sa er m e e b pr e i hi ca ms tt usody es he ttone is xha t d s tt e di s y es ntng s li t t hi s saeco t' ke v.Cor rn,2 F. 276, ( h Ci.2000) Se 28U. C. o he ghe t tt ur.'Ba r coa 20 3d 288 4t r . e S. j2 5 ( )( n aige a sin .Thep r s o e h u t n i t gv ç tt c u t af la 2 4 b ma d tn xh u to ) upo e f x a si s o ie t ae o rs ul nd o s fi o a r pporuniy t r ol f de alc tt tonalc ai s be o e t e c a m s a e pr s nt d t t t t o es ve e r ons iu i lm f r hos l i r e e e o he fd r l o rs' O' ul v nv. ec e, 2 U.. 3 , 4 ( 9 9 .Th e h u to r q rme t e ea c u t. S l a Bo rk l5 6 S 8 8 8 6 1 9 ) e x a sin e uie n ' i i s t s i by fndi t tt %e s tall ga t oresa f c ua ale to a va ed i f r l s a i fed i ng ha he t s en i e l he i nd a t l l ga i ns d nc n ede a c u t . gr ) h smea tos a v n e a la t n et t eh g e tsaec u t'P u t v o r . .ae t e a s h e d a c d t e s o c o h ih s tt o r. r et . ' Th mp o 7 F. u p. 4 ,1 3 ( D. . 9 ) afd 9 6F.d 1 6 (t Ci.1 9 ) o s n, 71 S p 1 28 4 6 E. Va 1 91, f , 9 2 5 0 4h r 9 3 ( tngPiadv.Col ,404U.S. 0, 76( 971) Theef e,peii rmus pr e boh cii c r mor 27 275- 1 ). r or ttone t esnt t t snm e ar entand f uals he gum act upportt t s at cour prort flng t cl m wih a f al o he t e t i o ii he ai t eder 10 c u t An es nv Hals, 5 U. . , - (98 ) o r. d ro . re s 4 9 S 4 6 7 1 2 . Pe ii rpr e ed a lt e m a n c a m si hi s a e ha aspe ii a r s ttone es nt l hr e i l i n s t t be tton, nd e ponde ,i nt n f c ,r s a t e ponde t al t r e.The e or ,i i no pos i et fnd t tpe ii rf ie t pr e d o 1he r f e t s t sbl o i ha ttone a ld o es nt t s c a m st t Supr m e Co tofV igi a a t ra he e l i o he e ur r ni f e ppea i t Cic tC o ts d s i s . lng he r ui ur ' i m s al A c or ngl pe ii r s c ai sa e e us e a r s nde t sm oton t di m i s i de e on c di y, ttone ' l m r xha t d nd e po n ' i o s s s ni d t sbas s hi i. B. Peii rpr durlyd a tdCli ( a ( . ttone oce al efule ams A) nd B) A f der lha sc am i pr e al de a t d whe t sa eco tha de lne t e a bea l i s oc dur ly f ule n é tt ur s c i d o a c i rt c a m ' m e ison t ba i ofa ade t a i pe nts a e pr e a n1e ' ons de he l i s r t he s s n qua e nd nde nde t t oc dur l l .' Hedrc v. ue, F. 3 35 ( hCi. ik Tr 443 3d 42, 9 4t r 2006) A saec tsfndi ofpr e a deful . tt our' i ng oc durl a t i e il t apr umpton ofco r ct s , ovi t f mda i lr r m e sa em e .Se s ntted o es i re ne s pr ded wo ot tona equie nt r t e 2 U. C. 2 4( ; a t nv. nc , 4 F.d 1 38 1 41(t Ci.1 8 ) Frtt esae 8 S. j 25 * Clno Mu y 8 5 2 2 , 2 4h r 9 8 . is,h tt c tmus e iil r l on t pr ed algr our t xplc ty e y he oc ur ound t de pe ii rr le . Se Y1tv. o ny ttone ei f e s Nlnne ke ,501U. 797,8 03( 991;Harsv. ed, U. 255,259- ( 989) l ma r S. 02- 1 ) ri Re 489 S. 61 1 . Se nd, hesaepr e alr eus t de a tpe ii rscli mus be a i pe nta co t t t oc dur ul ed o f ul ttone ' am t n nde nde nd a quaesaegr f de ngr i .Se For v. or a, U. 411 423- ( 991. de t tt ound or nyi elef e d Ge gi 498 S. , 24 1 ) , Ha s 489 U. a 260. A saepr dur lr l i Snde nde 'i i doe notde nd u a ni , S. t t t oce a ue s d pe nt'f t s i pe pon f der lc tt i lr lng a C qua e ' fi i fnul e t bls d a r ul ry or e a ons iutona u i nd d ade t ' i t s i y s a ihe nd eg a l c itntya idb t saec t Ye tsv.Angeone,1 F. 255,263- ( hCi. onsse l pple y he tt our. at l 66 3d 64 4t r 1 . 998) 11 TheCic tCour r viwedpe ii rssa eha aspe ii a e i il dim is d r ui te e ttone ' tt be tton nd xplcty s s e Cli ( a ( purua t Slvonv.Parc n, 5Va. 305S. 2d68 ( 974)2 The ams A) nd B) s nt o a t ria 21 27, E. 0 1 . Unie St t s Co tofAppe l f rt Fourh Cic tha E e at dl r ogni d t tt t d a e ur a s o he t r ui s t pe e y ec ze ha he r pr e a de a tr e s tf t i Sl vt co tt t a a quat a i pende s a e l w oc dur l f ul ul e orh n a on nsiu es n de e nd nde nt t t a g o n f rd cso . Fih rv. c ln , 6 F.d 8 5 8 4(t Ci.1 9 )(nen l u tto s r u d o e iin' s e An eo e 1 3 3 3 , 4 4h r 9 8 itr a q oain ' omitd) The eo e t Cic tCour dimis dt ecamspurua t a i pe nta te . r fr ,he rui t s se hes li s nt o n nde nde nd a qua esae pr e alr l a peii rpr e a l de a t d t e cai s Se Y1t 501 de t t t oc dur ue, nd ttone oc dur ly f ule hes l m . e s, U. a 805( di t twhensaec tsrlngofe snoe a ton,rviwi c ts ul S. t hol ng ha tt our' ui fr xplnai e e ng our ho d lo t n x ra o e o i o b lw) Peiin rfist e tb ih c u ea dp eu ieo a o k o e t e s n d pnin eo . t o e al o sa ls a s n rj dc r t fnd me tl s a a eo j siet e c s t ed fut S eCoe nv. o s n, 0 U. u a na mic ni g f u tc o x u e h ea l. e lma Th mp o 5 1 S. 7 2 7 3 5 ( 9 ) Ac o dn y t ec u t imis sCli ( a d( a p o e u al 2 , 5 - 4 1 91, c r igl,h o r d s se ams A) n B) s r c d r l y de a t f uled. Th saec u tsa j iaino p t in rsiefciea ssa c of o n e camsd e e tt o r' dudc to f ei o e ' n fe tv sitn e c u sl li o s t notw a r ntha asr i . ra be elef Fe rlc t grntha asrle ç yont gr t t(hepettoneji i c t yi dea ours a be eif t onl he ound ha t ii r s n usod n v oaino t eCo siu ino lwso te te o t UntdS ae . 2 U. C. 2 4 $.Afe i lto f h n t to r a r rais fhe ie tts' 8 S. j 25 ( t ' tr a sa ec ta e s t m e iso acli a s r ie i af r lha aspe ii af de al tt our ddr s ed he rt f a m lo a s d n ede a be tton, e r c u t yn tg a t h p tto u ls t esaec u tsaj dc to o acam i c nrr t o o r ma o r n t e eiin ne s h tt o r' du iains f li s o ta y o, r a unr as bl a i to of cla l esa ihe f de a lw,orba e on a unr s bl n e ona e pplcai n , e ry t bls d e r l a sd n ea ona e deenui tonoft fcs 28U. C.j225 * . t nai he a t. S. 44 The e ua i ofw he hera s a e cou tde i i i t nt a y t 'o ça unr as bl val ton t tt r c son s l r r o' r i n e ona e co 2Sa tnpe ld saVignac u trm rve n an nj rs ito l li i apeiinfrawrt fh b a lvo rcu e r ii o r fo e iwig o -u idcina cam n tt o o io a e s c pu w h t tcl i coul ha bee pr s nt d a t i a on a lbutw a not or s en ha a m d ve n e e e t ral nd ppea s . 12 a i to of'f de a 1w i bas d on a i pe n r viw ofe h sa r W ila v. pplcai n e rl a s e n nde nde t e e ac t nda d. li ms Ta or 529U. 362,41 1 ( vl , S. 2- 3 2000) A saec t tnni i i tc r r t 'fdea 1w i . tt our dee naton s tontay o' e rl a f içarve a ac l i o iet t tr c dbygheUnie Stt Su e Cou tona ttri s t oncuson ppost o ha ea he t td aes prme) r quetonoflw ori t saec tde i ac s difrntyt (heUnie SttsSuprme si a f he tt our cdes ae fee l han t td ae e ) Co tha o a s tofm a e i ly i s i s bl f c s ' W ilam s 529 U . a 41 A f der l ur s n e t r a l nditngui ha e a t .' li , S. t 3. e a c tma a s is t wrtundert i e ona e a plcai n' ca e i t f de a cour our y lo s ue he i he s as bl p i to ' lus f he e r l unr t fn st a tesaec u tt e tfe t c re t o enn lg l rn il fo g eS p e l i d h th tt o r ûd n iis he o rc g v r ig e a p icpe r m t u rme i h Cour' de sonsbutun e ona ya i t tprncpl t t f c soft prs rsc s .'l ts cii z as bl pples ha i i e o he a t he ione ' a e' d. Thsra o be e ssa dadi a o jcieo e l . t 0.A Vignac u tsfn ig c n o i e s na ln s tn r s n be tv n . d a 41 r ii o r' idn s a n t be dee e um ea o bl m e el bec us i d notc t esabls d U nie St t s Supr m e Cou t m d s na e r y a e t oes ie t i he td ae e r pr c nton a is i t r s tr a he i no c r r t t tesabls d pr e nt Se e ede n s ue f he e ul e c d s t onta y o ha t ihe ec de . e M i hel Es az , 4 U..1 ,1 ( 0 3 .F rh r r,t lsae c u t a ta d tr n to t lv. p r a 5 0 S 2 6 2 0 ) u temo e ta tt-o r f cu l eemiain c l i nott e ona emer l be us t f dealha asc t s mr as bl ey ca e he e r be our woul haver ac d adifr n d e he fe e t c l in i t frti tnc ' W oodv. ln,558U. oncuso n he is nsa e. ' Ale S. ,130S. .8 ,8 ( 0) A Ct 41 49 201 . fd r l o r rviwigah b a p t int r s me s te(ttqc u t fcu l id n st b e ea c u t e e n a e s ei o t e u lj h sae o r' a t a fn i g o e t p s s u u e s(eiin r r b t dh p e u to o c re t e sb ce ra dc n icn o nd nls p tto e) e us te r s mpi n f o r cn s y la n o vn ig e ie c .'M ilrEl . ek , 4 U. 23 , 4 ( 0 5 (u tn 2 U. C. 2 4 e( ). vd n e' le- v Dr te 5 5 S. 1 2 0 2 0 ) q o ig 8 S. j 25 ()1) ' Se ,e. ,Le v.W @ hi o 4 F. 295,300- ( hCi. e c. nz s ngtn, 44 3d 01 4t r 2006) Fi l de e t r . naly,d viw mde r j2 4 d ( )i l tdt t er c r ta wa b fr tesaec u th t du iae t ecam o 25 ( )1 s i e o h e o d h t s eo e h tt o r t a a j d c td h li n mi t meis' Cule v. nholtr U. ,131S. .1 ( 1. he rt. ln Pi se , ' S. Ct 388 201 ) To pr i f i ass s ance ofcounsel a pett onerm us satsf t t o- onged t t ove nef ectve i t , ii t i y he w pr es stf t i Stiklndv. as nzon,466U. 668( 98 .l apeii rhasno s tsido e orh n rc a W hi t S. 1 4) f ttone t aife ne 13 pr ng oft Stikl nd t t t co tdoe notnee t i r whe he heha s ts id t o he o he rc a es, he ur s d o nquie t r s a ife he t r pr ong. Sti kl nd, U . a 697. Furhe m o e,ç n a t y' a t orom i s onst ta e no r c a 466 S. t t r r d tonw s c s a s i ha r t unc tt i li vi lycamotbeadde t t rt c eae ac tt i lvi a i ' onsiutona ndi dua l r d ogehe o r t onsiutona olton.' Fihe v. l 1 F. 8 ,852- (t Ci.1 ) s r Angeone, 63 3d 35 53 4h r 998 . The fr tpr ofSt i kl nd r qui e a pe ii ne t s i s ong rc a e r s tto r o how S ha c d t ouns m a ew r s t el de l s o s ro t tc ms lwasnotf to ngast û ouns l g a ee t def nda by t Si h e i us ha ot e unci ni he c e ' uar nt d he e nt he xt Ame me t,'me nigt tc l e' rp e e tto flbeo a o j ci esa d r o nd n l ' a n ha oms ls e rs nain el lw n be tv tn a d f l r s na e s . St i kl nd,466 U . a 687- Sti kl nd e t bls d a ç tong pr s pton ea o bl ne s rc a S. t 88. rc a s a i he s r s e um i t tc ha ouns lsc e ' onduc f ls wihi t wi r nge ofr s na e pr es i t a l t n he de a ea o bl of s onala s s a e. l a s it nc ' d. t ' 68 t udi a s r i ofc 9. t cil c utny ouns lspe f ma m us behi y de e en i l' nd G ve y e f t l e ' ror nce t ghl f r ta'a ç r for e ( t bema t ei naet dit tngefcsofhi i ... ndt e l t t musl de o lmi t he sori fe t ndsght a o vauae he ghale c lnged)c onduc fom c e' pes ci a t tme. I Furhe e,d fe tve t r ouns ls rpe tve the i ' d. t nnor t fci ' e r pr e a i n i nots e es nt t o s ynonym ouswih e r l sr pr e t ton. Spr nae v. lns 586 F. t r ores e es n a i ' ' i r Coli , 2d 329,332( hCi.1 ) 4t r 978 . Thes c pr ofStiklnd r quie ape ii rt s w t tc elsdei e t e ond ong rc a e r s ttone o ho ha ouns ' fcin p ro ma c prj d c dh m.Src ln 4 6U. a 6 2.Toe tbihp eu ie ap tto e ef r n e eu ie i tika d, 6 S. t 9 sa ls rj d c , ei n r i m us s w t tt r i a ( e s bl pr ba lt t t butf c m s lse r s t r s toft t ho ha he e s t a ona e o biiy ha , r or ot e ' r or , he e ul he pr e di woul ha be n dif r nt' l a 694.CA r as bl pr biiy i apr biiy oc e ng d ve e fe e . d. t ' t e ona e oba lt s oba lt s f e t t r net c i nc oft out m e' J a ufki nt o mde mi he onfde e he co .' d . .. I Cli ( ( ) p tto rag e t a t a c u s l sief ci f rfiigt c aln e n am C)1, ei ne r u s h t h t o n e wa n fe tve o al o h le g i n t s ch and sei e ofhi har dr ves asunl w f . The s a e habeascourtdeni t s he ear zur s d i a ul tt ed hi i f tve a s s a e ofc m s lcl i . The s a e ha asc ti plc ty f nefec i s it nc ot e a m t t be our m i il ound t r cor he e d 14 d m onsr td t tt s a c wa r nt we e f caly vai a t tpe ii rdi notmakea e tae ha he e r h r a s r a i l ld nd ha ttone d s i t ta f l e s a em e k w i l a i e i naly,orwih r c es di r ga d f t how ng ha a s t t nt no ng y nd nt nto l t e kl s s e r or he t ut w a i l r h, s nc uded b t afi nti t w a r nta tda ta t ,a cl i off l e s a e e s y he f a n he r a fi vi nd, hus ny a m a s t t m nt i t afi vi we ec l or a nota c n he tda t r onc us y nd c ompanid b ade a ld ofe ofpr of Thesae e y t ie f r o . tt ha a c ta s f be s our l o ound t r co d de ons r t t tc he e r m t a ed ha ouns lw a a a e oft polc s a tonsi e s w z he i e' c i n r ue tng a e utng t s ar h wa r nt a co r ty be i ve t tt r w e e no gr eq s i nd xec i he e c r a s nd r ec l le d ha he e r oundst o c le e t s a ch wa r nt . ha l ng he e r ra s Th saeh be sc u ts ud me twa n i e c nr r t n ra u ra o a l a p iain e tt a a o r' j g n s et r o tay o o n n e s n b e p lc to h off de alc tt to l w o ba ed ona u e o bl deer i ton oft f c s To e r onsiu i nal a r s n nr as na e t m na i he a t . ove c e t pr um pt o ofva i t f r a af i vi s r om he es in ldiy o n fda t uppori a s r h w a t ng ea c nunt a , t halng r sat ck mus bem or t n co l o ya mus be s d le e ' ta c t e ha ncus r nd t uppore bym or t n am e e td e ha r de ie t c os - xa i The e m us be a l ga i ofde i r t f l e s r o r s e m ne. r t le tons lbe a e a s hood or ofr kl s ec es dir ga d f rt tu h ... cc s e r o he r t a ompa e by a ofe o pr .'Fr nid n fr f oof' anksv.Delwa e, U. 1 a r 438 S. 54, 1 -2 (978 .Howe r peii rfie t prs n t Cic tCour wih C s tnta 717 1 ) ve, ttone ald o e e t he rui t t û ubsa il a p e i i r s i t ta f l e sa e en knowi l a i e i ly,orw ih r c es r lm na y how ng ha a s t t m t ng y nd nt ntona l t e kl s dir ga d f rt tut wa i l d byt a fa i t wa r ntafi vi. l a 1 56. s e r o he r h, s nc ude he fint n he ra tda t' d. t 55' The e or ,pe iine f ist esa ih t tc r f e tto r a l o t bls ha ouns lpe f r d de i inty f notc le i t e ro me fce l or halng ng he warn .Peiin ras c n o etbihp eudc b c u eh sk o nga v lnayg iy ra t tto e lo a n t sa ls rj ie e a s i n wi nd ou tr ul t pe swav da1 o -u id cina d f cst a p e e e teg it pe s Toltv. nd ro , la i e 1 n nj rs ito l ee t h t r e d d h u l la . let He e s n y 411U. 258,267( 973) S. 1 . l Cli ( ( , ttone aleg t tc ms c redhi i opla ngg lyby n am C)2) peii r l es ha ot el oec m nt e di uit tleat ng t s w oul cease herr es aton i he di notpl guit The st e habeas lr eni hat he d epr ent i f d ead ly. at c u t ee tdt i cam b c us p tto e s i d rn hi p e c l q yta h d cd df r o r rj ce hs li e a e eiin r ad u ig s la ol u h t e e ie o o hi s l t pl a guit t the w a i f c g ly ofpos e son ofc l po nogr phy c r ,a m e f o e d ly, ha s n a t uit s si hid r a ha ges nd t the e e ed t A lor pl a be aus t Co m onwea t se de e w asove w he m i ha nt r he f d e s c e he m lh' vi nc r l ng. Pe ii ra s r ie a e dur ng t c l y t thi a t r y di no pr s e t ea e orf c ttone l o e t r t d i he oloqu ha s to ne d t es ur , hr t n, or e hi t e e hi pl s The sa e ha a c r a s he d t tt r or de ons r t d t tco e m o nt r s ea . t t be s ou t l o l ha he ec d m t a e ha uns l di no c r e pe ii r spl a . d t oe c ttone ' e s Th saeha e sc u ts u g n wa n i e c n rr t n ra u r a o bea p iain e tt b a o r'j d me t s et r o tay o o n n e s na l p lc to h off de a c tt i l1 w orba e on a unr a o e de e na i n oft f t . Pe ii r s e r l onsiutona a sd n e s nabl t nui to he ac s ttone ' know i a vol a y s a em e scl a l r tec hi unde s a ng oft Cicui Co ts ng nd unt r t t nt e ry e l t s r t ndi he r t ur ' quesi a tons bouthi pl s a pe ii r tr t d t thee e e hi plaswihou a und s ea , nd ttoner eie a e ha ntr d s e t t ny ue e e na i l nc Pe ii rpl a g ly t pos es i be a e he was i f c ,g ly oft s xt r l nfue e. ttone e ded uit o s s on c us , n a t uit he e c r .By e t rngAlo dplas pe ii rd un a iy, ha ges nei f r e , ttone ' vol t rl knowi y,a unde sa ngl ngl nd r t ndi y c n e te )t tei o iino ap io s ne c e e i h g l u wi igo u a l t a mi o s n gd o h mp sto f rs n e tn e v n f e wa s n l n r n be o d t l hi pa tci ton i t a t c tt tng t c i e. A lor 400 U . a 37. Pe ii ne e t r d s ri pa i n he c s ons iu i he r m ' f d, ' S. t tt o r n e e t e pl a e n afe ls e ng t de e e c m s la t Com m onw e t de c i t f t , hes e s ve t r it ni o f ns ot e nd he a1h s r be he ac s lw,a e de eoft c e.Acc r ngl t Cic tCo tc r c l de e mi d pe ii r a nd vi nc he as o di y, he r ui ur ore ty t r ne ttone vol t r l a i eli nty e t r hi pl as a pe ii rf ist esabls de i i nt un a iy nd nt lge l n e ed s e , nd ttone a l o t i h f c e Pefr n eo p eu ie ro ma c r rj d e . 11 1. Fo t f e ng r s , he c tgr nt r s r he or goi ea ons t our a s e pond nt sm oton t di m i s Ba e upon e ' i o s s. sd t cour ' fndi t pettonerhas notm adet r st s t i show i ofa deni ofa he ts i ng hat ii he equi ie ubs antal ng al c tttona rghtasr r by28U. C.j2253/) ac rii aeofa aa lt i de e onsiui l i equied S. , e ttc t ppe lbiiy s nid. The Cl k i die t d t s copi s oft sM e or ndum Opi o a t ac om pa ng er s r c e o end e hi m a ni n nd he c nyi Or rt t pe ii rand c de o he ttone ouns lofr co d f t r ponde . e e r or he es nt ENTER: s / Thi # a o De e e, 01 . y f c mb r 2 1 V J Se o U nie St t s D it i t dge nl r t d a e s rc

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