-RSB Martin v. Clarke, No. 7:2011cv00231 - Document 12 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 3/21/2012. (tvt)
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<'''' r. ' ' '' I m oF IEts à Im* = Fc l s A R A 6K .A T o u kv Fl uEo I TH E U N I N TED STAT ES D I STR I T C O U R T C FO R TH E W E STER N DI STR I O F V I G I I CT R N A ROA N OK E D I I ON V SI MA2 2 1 2 1 22 JUL W BY- ' . . .* s * . SH AN N O N LA M A R M A R TI , N C ase No.7: 11-cv231 Pe ii r ttone , M E M O R AND U M O PI I N N O H AR O LD W .CLA R K E, By:Jam es C.Turk Seni U ni ed St es D i ri Judge or t at st ct Res ponde . nt Pe ii r Sha ttone nnon La a M a tn fl d a Pe ii f a W rtofH a as Co puspur ua t m r r i ie tton or i be r s nt o 28U. 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Loga w ho kne M a tn, ec ze hi a e ha ed pl s r e . s do e ro n, w ri r ogni d m nd xc ng ea anti s 'Thi r t ton of t f s i adapt fom t t ough s mar pr e by t Vigi a Cour of s ecia i he act s ed r he hr um y epar d he r ni t App asi M a t sdie ta e l Se M a tnv.Vigi a No.1 2- 7- ( Ct App.Dec 2 2 7 e l n ri rc pp a . e ri n' r ni, 00 0 3 Va. . . 8, 00 ) ( rc ra . pe u im) cL ERK :- She t d t gr ofm en t the s w asbus bu a t y w al d aw a Loga s s Sha e ol he oup ha r on y, t s he ke y, n' on, unt Log n (t a t shaune',a r i t door ya a g wiht me t ' ppeaed n he wa nd r ued t he n. ) Shorl be or 5: t ne m or ng, a tn a t o ot rm e ki ked i t doort ty f e 00 he xt ni M ri nd w he n c n he o Loga sa rme a e eedt door y.Loga he boyfindJ r i J s((one ', n' pa t nt nd ntr he wa n, r re emane one t s' J ) a Loga st c l en ha be n see ng i i Thec moton a nd n' wo hidr d e l pi nsde. om i woke t a rme ' he pa t nts oc upa s a t y c m e t t door M ari di pl yi a handgun,t d t c nt , nd he a o he . tn, s a ng ol hem t t tdow n on ok ge t g ot d. I r s he r m ' n e pons t t sor r Loga J s a Sha e c r ed a t t e i t u r , ' e o hi de , n, one , nd unt ha g t he hr e n r de s pus d t m o t doora pr s e ag ns t doo i a e f tt kee t i r r ou . The he he ut he nd e s d ai t he r n n f or o p he nt ude s t door how e r w oul no s ay s be aus oft da a i s t i d dur ng t i ta br k-n. , ve , d t t hut c e he m ge t us a ne i he nii l ea i M a tn m a ge t f c hi a m t ough t door a Poi i hi gun i Loga sf e he t d r i na d o or e s r hr he w y. ntng s n n' ac , ol he , s t h,m ove,o lm goi t s r tBic r' ng o hootyou i yo m o he f cki f e. A sM a tn tr d t n ur t r u ng ac ' ' r i i e he g i Loga s diec i n,J s tle M m i sa m u r t r t ce lng, us ng t un n n' r t o one it d n' r pwa d owa ds he ii ca i he r s t ntbule t hi t c lng. M a tn a hi a omplc t n fed,trng mor s sast y e ula lt o t he eii ri nd s cc ies he l ii e hot he ran. LiyGies(t 1s', ofLog snei s sw M a tna t ohe se tablc l l & e ' one Gi ) an' ghbor, a ri nd wo t r xi a k ca pa ke outi he homebewe 4: a 5: am . M a 24,2006. Gies who kne r r d sde r t en 30 nd 00 . on y l , w M a tn c s ly,s w hi w a ki i t ge r ldiec i n ofLoga s a t e . Giest n r i a ua l a m l ng n he ne a r to n' parm nt l he hea d a c m oton,a om pa ed by t ourortve g hot . She t n he r a m a ye l Sco e r om i cc ni d f i uns s' ' he a d n l, ç m on>Sha m on. Com e on,Sha m on. l l ' ' A fe t i nz r l f ,Loga co a t d t polce l s i t r Re e Gr ve y oft t r he nt de s e t n nt c e he i . nve tga o ggi a l he M a tns lePolceDe rment(snvetg t Gr l 'r s ri vil i pa t El siaor avey') eponde whe e d, r uponhenotc t t ied ha t m ol ng on Loga s doorwaspa ta l of a s w s e pi ce ofm ol ng i t ya d. he di n' ri ly f nd a om e s di n he r Gr ve ydic r o ca ti ca i on t de k a one i t sr e .Healo s w abule a l s ove ed ne rrdge sng he c nd n he te t s a lt hol i t c ii a e n he e lng, bout 1 t 24 i he f om t door 8o nc s r he way. Loga t d G r ve y t ts kne n ol a l ha he w one oft i t u r asçshn he n r de s û nnon' and t the ha bee by he a rm e t pr vi da A ' ha d n r pa t nt he e ous y. f w hou slt r Loga pi ked M a tn ou ofaphot lne up ast a d i vi ua who ha e r ae , n c ri t o i he nne ndi d l d a a e a herhom e t tm o ni Log c i m e t si ntt a i a t i ,poi i M ari ppe r d t ha r ng. an ontr d hi de ik ton t ral ntng tn outast m a w ho s ta he . he n ho t r A res e a br r t d nd oughtt t i li t Ci c tCour f t Ciy ofM a tns le, a tn was o r a n he r ui t or he t r i vil M r i con ce offvecrmes ( )Fel i Posesi ofaFieam i vi ai ofVa. vitd i i ' 1 on n s son . r r n olton Codej18. 2308. f rwhihhewa s ntnc t t ye r i aceai ( M aii l Shootngit a 2, o c s e e ed o wo a s nc r rton; 2) lcousy i no n Occ e Buidi i vi ai ofVa. upid l ng n olton Codej 1 2- f whihhewa s ntnc dt tnye r 8. 279, or c s e e e o e as wihni yeass pe d'( Us ofaFie r i aFeonyi vi ai ofVa. t ne r us nde , 3) e ram n l n olton Codej 1 2- 1 8. 53., f whihhewa s nt edt t e yeas ( Stt or Bur ayi vi ai ofVa. or c s e enc o hre r; 4) aut y glr n olton Codej 1 2- frwhihhewassntnce t t t ye r , t tnyeass pe d;a ( 8. 89, o c e e d o weny a s wih e r us nde nd 5) Ate e M ur ri vi ai ofVa. tmptd de n olton Codej 1 2- f whih hewa s ntnc t t ye r, 8. 26,or c s e e ed o en as w ih fve ye r s pe t i a s us nded. I t a , a tn r ce ved a a tve s nt nce of21 yea s H etm e y n ot l M r i e i n ci e e r. i l not d a a e n ppea , hi h w a de e by t Vi gi a Cour ofAppea s M a tn v. i ci a, o. lw c s ni d he r ni t l . r i V r ni N 1 2- 3( CtApp.Dec 28,2007) M a tna aldt tde a t t SuprmeCour of 00 07- Va. . . . ri ppe e ha nil o he e t Vigni whih rf e t he rt a al M atnv. r ni,No.082328( M a 8, r i a, c eus d o a he ppe . ri Vici a Va. y 2009) . On M a c 1 201 M a tn,pr e ngpr s f l d a Pe ii f a W r tofH a as r h 0, 0, ri oc edi / e, ie tton or i be Co pusi t Cicui Co tf t Ciy ofM a tns le. The Cic tC our gr nt d t r n he r t ur or he t ri vil r ui t a e he rs e ponden ' m oton t dim i s a deni d M a tn' pe ii M a tn v. ohns n, o.CLl t s i o s s nd e ri s tton. ri J o N 0 49 ( .Ci.CtM a 5, 0)(û Ha sOp.) Ma tntmel not a a a t t Supr me Va r . y 201 ç va bea '. ri i y ed n ppe l o he ' e CourtofV igi a. I a s m ary or ,t V igi a Supr e Courtr used M artn' habeas r ni n um der he r ni em ef i s a al2 M atn v J on, 1 586( De 1 , 0 .OnM a 1 2011 M atn, ppe . ri ohns No. 01 Va. c. 5 201 ) y 6, , ri now . r pr e e by c e es nt d ouns ,f l d t i t ntac i s e ng f de alha asr vi w pur ua t 28 el ie he ns a ton, e ki e r be e e s nt o U. C.j225 S. 4. I1. St andard ofR e ew vi Fe r lco t grntha srle çonl ont g o t tghepeii r i i c t i de a urs a bea eif s y he r und ha t ttonel s n usody n vi ai oft Consiuto orl orteai oft Unie Stt . 28 U. C.j 225 $. olton he tt in aws r tes he td aes' ' S. 4( Pr dur ly,howe r t Supr m e Cour has e tbls d t t a f der lc tm a nO gr nt oce al ve , he e t sa ihe ha e a our y t a ha asr le f une be e i f or xhaus e s a e cl m sno pr s nt t t hi he t s a e co t O ' lva v. t d t t ai t e e ed o he g s t t ur . Suli n Boec ,526 U. 8 8 ( 999 . A1 oft cai Mari ma weepr ousy rie i rkel S. 38, 42 1 ) 1 he l ms tn kes r evi l asd n hi sa e ha as pe ii a t a e c i r t be e s t t be tton, nd hus r ons de ed o xhaus e a s c ptbl t f de a t d nd us e i e o e r l ha a r vi w . be s e e Pur uant t t r f m s of t Antt r ors a Ef ec i D e t Pe t Ac s o he e or he ie r i m nd f tve a h naly t ($ $ AEDPA', a f r ha as c tma no ga ha as r le f a cai tha was ' ) edeal be our y t rnt be eif or ny l m d t t a j d c td o t meis i Sae c u tp o e dn s' u ls t e a j iain çe utd i a du iae n he rt n tt o r r c e ig , ne s h dudc to i s le n ' r de iin t t was (j c r r t o ( i ve a unras e applcai of ceal cso ha 1 ontay o, r 2) nvol d n e onabl i ton , l ry etbls dFe a l ' 28U. C.j225 d)1 .Fort pur e of28U. C.j225 d)1, sa ihe derl aw.' S. 4( ( ) he pos s S. 4( () a a j diain o teme isa p ist a1camsta we era h d a d cd d i saec u t n du c to n h rt p le o l li h t r e c e nd e ie n tt o r, e n i i s m a y f s on. ve f n um r a hi A saeco tde son i ç onta y t ' he Supr me Cour' c e ry e t ihe pr e nt tt ur cii s t r r o't c e ts l a l sabls d ec de i ( )t saec tû ri sa ac l i oppost t t trac dbyt SuprmeCour asa f 1 he tt our s rve t oncuson a ie o ha e he he e t 2Fort pur esoff alhabeas r e , wher t hi tcour ofa sat s marl uphol a l he pos eder eviw e he ghes t t e um iy ds ower cour' deni ,t Cour wilûl t ough't t l tr oned opi on i t sat colaer pr ts al he t l çook hr ' o he as eas ni n he t e lt al oceedi ng. Se Y1tv.Nu e k r 5 U. 7 ,8 3 ( 9 ) He e t l t ra on d opi on c me fom t e e s nn ma e , 01 S. 97 0 1 91. r , he as e s e ni a r h Cic tCo t t CiyofM a tns lei Ma t v. oh on No. 0- ( Ci. . a 5 201 . rui ur of he t ri vil n ri J ns , CL1 49 Va. r Ct M y , 0) n matroflw'or( t saec tic r sfcst taemaei l i si uiha efom a te a ' 2) he tt our tonfont a t ha r traly nditng s bl r r e ntSupr m e Cour pr ce nta ani a a r s to el va e t e de nd ves t e ul ppost ' t t tr c d by t ie ' o ha ea he he SuprmeCour.W ilamsv.Tavl ,529U. 36 405( e t li or S. 2, 2000) Bycontas,asaeco t . r t tt ur de ii n co tt e a Sunr as c so nsiut s n i e onabl a i ai 'ofc e ry esa ihe f r 1w i t sa e e pplc ton' l a l t bls d ede al a f he t t c t 1 i ntfe t c r tlga nzebuturra ona y a isit t fcsoft pa tc a our ( ) de iis he orec e l l le s bl pple t o he a t he riulr c e;( t e s bl e e algalprnci efom Supr Cour prce ntt ane c txt as 2) mra ona y xtnds e i pl r eme t e de o w one wheei s dnota y;or( S ea ona yr us t extndt tprnci et ane co e r t houl ppl 3) t s bl ef es o e ha i pl o w ntxt unr wheeis l a y.'f a 407( r t houd ppl ' J. t empha i a ) ss dded . H e e,a lofM a tn' cl m sc e on i f e tve as i t e ofc r 1 r i s ai ent r ne f c i s sanc ouns l W ih i f ec i e . t ne f tve a ssa ecli s wher ,asher ,t r i no ot Supr Cour pr ce nton poi ,t Cour s it nc am , e e he e s her eme t e de nt he t mu tlo t t efmiirç a ea dp eu ie'e td l e tdi Src ln v. ahigo , 6 s o k o h a la û us n rj dc 'ts ei ae n tika d W s n tn 4 6 c n U. 668( 984) Se Knowlsv.M iz vanc 55 U. 111 1 -23( S. 1 . e e ra e, 6 S. , 22 2009)(kndee t sCour sl d,hi t ha rpe tdl a i ( rckl t evauaei fci -s itnc - s e ae y ppled Sti andj o l t nefe tvea ssa eofcouns lcl mswhe e e ai r t r i noohe SuprmeCo tprce ntdie tyonpoi Unde Stiklnd,as ce sul he e s t r e ur e de rcl nf). r rc a uc sf cam f i fe tvea ssa eofcouns lmus esa ih( )t tco elspef ma efl li or nefci s itnc e t tbls 1 ha uns ' ror nc el b l w a o j ciesa d r of e s n bln s, u ht a c un e wa n ta tnga t c u s l eo n b e tv tn ad r a o a e e s s c h t o s l s o ci s he o n e g aa te b t eSx hAme me t a ()t a b tfrc u s lso j cieyu r a o a l u r ne d y h it nd n ' nd 2 h t u o o n e ' be tv l n e s n b e , pe f m a e, he e i a r s bl pr biiy t out om e oft t i lwoul ha be n di f r nt r or nc t r s ea ona e oba lt he c he r a d ve e f e e . St i kl nd,466 U . a 687-91. tA r s bl pr ba lt i a pr ba lt s f c entt rc a S. t ç ea ona e o biiy s o biiy uf i i o und mi c i nc i t out me. I a 6 Unde t ssandad,Sgl lkelhoodofa er ne ontde e n he co ' d t 94. ' r hi t r tthe i i difrntrs tmus bes tntalnot us c ei bl ' ri t v.Rihtr 1 S. .770, fee eul t ubsa i , j t onc va e. 'Harngon c e , 31 Ct 791( 1.l ar vi ngc tdeemi st tt peii rscam fisonet rt S us ' 201 ) f e ewi our tr ne ha he ttone ' li al ihe he s e' ca o teû rj ie' o go t Src ln ts,h c u tsi uiyma so t r .Src ln r h t eudc 'pr n f he tik a d e tt e o r' nq r y t p hee tika d, p 466 U . a 697. S. t H e e,i i undiput t tt s a e c ta i d t c r tl gals a r st i a r ts s ed ha he t t our pple he or ec e t nda d- rckl nd. Thus i or rt ga n r i f M a tn m us de ons r t he e t tt s a e cour de alofhi , n de o i ele , r i t m t a e r ha he t t t ni s c am swa a urr s bl a ia i oft Stiklnd sa r Uni y,i t i fe tve li s n lea ona e pplc ton he rc a t nda d. quel n he ne f c i as it nce c ext t s Cour ' r vi w i S ssa ont , hi ts e e s f doubl d e e i l' A ED PA is l de a y ef r nta . ' t e f m nds s bs a i lde er nc t t sa e cours Thus a a i talm a t r t Co ts i r i no u t nta f e e o he t t t. , s n nii te , he ur ' nqui y s t smpl wh t e t saec u tsd tr n to wa i o rc, u wh t e i wa o j ci l i y eh r he tt o r' eemi ai n s nc re t b t eh r t s be t y ve unr s na e.Se Sc iov. ea o bl e hrr Landrc 550U. 465, ( ian, S. 473 2007)($ quesi unde AEDPA t The ton r i no whe he a f de a cour beleve t s a e cou t de e m i ton w asi or ec butwhe he s t t r e rl t i s he t t r ' t r na i s nc r t t r t tdeemi tonwa unr s bl- as tntal hi rt e hol '.l ed,heCour ma ha tr nai s ea ona e ubsa ily ghe hr s d') nde t t y n t itr t es u dj dg n o t esaec u t n tn ç nu r a o a l a pl ain o f d rl o d sl b h o n u me t f h tt o r a d i d û n e s n b e p i to f e ea z a c 1 w unl s t s a e c ts de i i lesw el out i t bounda i s ofpe m i s bl bounda i of a e s he t t our ' c s on i l sde he re r si e res opi on.'Tiev. ohns 647F. 87,1 ( hCi. 1 (nena quottonmaksomitd) ni ' c J on, 3d 08 4t r 201 ) itr l ai r te . Se nd, a e t Sti kl nd s a co bec us he r c a t ndar i s g r l t Cour i r quied t gi a a d d s o ene a , he t s e r o ve n dde l ye ofde er nc t t r as bl ne s ofa s a e c ts i er e a i ofSupr m e Cour a r f e e o he e ona e s t t our ' nt pr t ton e t pr e t Know l ,556 U . a 1 W ih t s prnc pl s i m i t Cour now t nst ec den . es S. t 23. t he e i i e n nd, he t ur o e c ofM a tn' c ai s ah ri s l m . 1 11. Di cussi s on A. Cl m A ai M ari sfr cl m alegest hi couns r tn' ist ai l hat s el ender cons iutonaly i f i ed tt i l nef ectve as it nce whe c ssa n ouns lf ie t r ne hi m o i t sr ke a t rpr en i t def ns s c s e a l d o e w s ton o ti f e es tng he e e' a e. 6 I Vigi a ac i na de e ntm a m o t srket e de i he f el t e de ei n r ni , rmi l f nda y ve o ti he vi nce f e s he vi nc s i ufi i ta a m ate ofl w t s t n a c ns f c en s t r a o us ai onvi ton. V a.Ct R . : Suc a m oton m a be ci . 3A 15. h i y m ad e t a trt Com m onw e 1h ha r s ed is c s ora t c l i ofal t e de e. e iher fe he a t s e t t a e t he onc us on l he vi nc 1 Eve i ade enda movest srke a t c l i n oft Com monweat sca e hi d. n f f nt o ti t he onc uso he lh' s , s r f a t r ne t tm oton a t conc uson ofa1 t e denc c tt e a w a ve oft e us l o e w ha i t he l i l he vi es ons iut s i r he is ona al M urlo- i zv.Vigi a,688S. 2d 199,208( .201 ; coui v. sue ppe . il Rodrcue r ni E. Va 0) M nn Vici a 460S. 2d624,626( CtApp.1 ;W hiev. r ni 3 S. 2d 8 867( r ni, E. Va. . 995) t Vici a, 48 E. 66, Va. Ct App.198 . . 6) H e e, a tn a guest tcouns ' a s s a e w asc tt i ly i f e tve be a e r M ri r ha els s i t nc onsiutona l ne f c i c us at ugh co elmoved t srket Comm onweat se de e a t end oft lho uns o ti he lh' vi nc t he he Com m onw e lh' c e, negl c ed t do s a t cl e oft e de e,t f ii t pr s r a t s as he et o o t he os he vi nc hus a lng o e e ve t i s f a a . On c l t a r vi , he M a tns le Cic tCour de ed t scl i , he s ue or ppe l ola er l e ew t ri vil r ui t ni hi a m r as ng t tco els r as bl be i ft thi c osng a gum e pr e ve t s t i y e oni ha uns ' e ona e le ha s l i r nt es r d he ufk enc is f a s ue or ppea c l oupl d w ih t f c t ton die ta e t he a t ha r c ppea ,w hie hol ng t tt i s w a l l di ha he s ue s w a ve t V igi a Co tofA ppe s de de t m a t ron t m e is s e t tM a tn i d, he r ni ur al ci d he te he r t , how d ha ri fi dt me tS rc lnd sp eu c p o .Va Ha e sOp. al o e tika ' rj die r ng . b a e 2 3. Pe ii r r pr e e by hi t i lcou el r i e t s tci ncy i s on diec a ttone , e es nt d s ra ns , a s d he ufi e s ue r t ppea . l The V igi a Cour ofA ppea sdet nni t tc r ni t l e ned ha ouns ' f l e t r w hi s fci nc els aiur o ene s uf i e y o j cina t eco eo t ee i e c c nsiue wave.No tee s tec u t r c e e t be to t h ls f h v d n e o t td i r neh ls,h o r p o e d d o t de i t ques i on t m e is e gi i a l t r c t ton oft f t . l f c de he ton he rt , nga ng n eng hy e ia i he ac s t ound t t ha Cgq tsi tthe e tmonyofLogana Gie wa no i r tyi e bl ors nd ls s t nheenl ncrdi e hownt bede o monsr y tabl f s ' and concl al e,' uded t t evi hat he dence a t alw as s f ci t s t ri ufi ent o upportM ari sconvi i tn' ctons. M ari N o.1002- 3,slp.op.at5. Pettoner cl m st t s Courts d notbe bound by tn, 07- i ii ai hat hi houl t Cour ofAppe l 'm e is de e m i ton be a e i i d e e di t ' nd f t r a gue t t he t a s rt t r na i c us t s t r c a' a urhe r s ha m e nt ve hough t Vi gi a Supr m e Cour de ed r e oft Cour ofA ppea s'de s on,i he r ni e t ni evi w he t l ci i t smpl a fr e t pr edur de a a di notha t opporuniyt consde t me isof i y fim d he oc al ni l nd d ve he t t o i r he rt t s fci nc cha l nge. A c or ngl M a tn r as , hi Cour s d notgi a w e g t he uf i e y le c di y, r i e ons t s t houl ve ny i ht o t Vigi aCour ofAppe l de ii f t pur e ofdeenni ng Stiklndprj c he r ni t as cson or he pos s t ni rc a eudie. The Cour nee nota es t tques i he e be a e i ha c t d ddr s ha ton r c us t s onduc ed isow n r vi w oft t t e e he e de eandr a st s mec usonont meisofM a tn' s tce y o j ci vi nc e che he a oncl i he rt ri s ufi inc b e ton. The e de e pr s nt a ti lw a m or t s f c e t s t n t Pe ii r s vi nc e e ed t r a s e han uf i i nt o usai he ttone ' con c i . Loga t Com m onw e t sc e wine s t s ii d as f l s. Ata oxi a e y vi tons n, he alh' hi f t s , e tte olow ppr m t l 5: A . .on M ay 24,2006,M a tn, ong w ih t o ot r , m e t he hom e a br i t 00 M r i al t w he s ca o r nd oke n he do . Tr 21 or . -22. M a tn,a m ed w ih a g t d he t ge dow n on t gr ri r t un, ol r o t he ound. I a 22. l a d t n n e f tt pr e the c l e s r n up t M a tn and a t pt t pus hi a hi com pa ro s f or o ot c r hidr n, he a o ri tem ed o h m nd s tit ou oft a rm e . She w a a s s e by he boyfi nd a he s A ts e poi durng t t he pa t nt s s it d r r e nd r on. om nt i he a t r a i M a tn s uc hi gun i Loga s f c and s d,G t h, ove outoft w a Le m e le c ton, r i t k s n n' a e ai l c m Bi he y. t i orlm g ng(os youji yourmohe f ki f c ' ffa 27.M a tn,wiht gunsil n ' oi t hoot n t r uc ng a e. t t ' ri t he tl i Loga s f e, he s i o t a rm e .A st s tw a tr d,Loga sboyf i nd,J ne , n n' ac t n hot nt he pa t nt he ho s i e n' re o s tl M a tn' a m upw a d a ca e t s t hi t ce lng. I a 28. Log n' t s i o ied r i s r r nd us d he hot o t he ii d t a s e tm ny wa c r a e by Gie ,anei s orobor t d ls ghborwho t tfe t ts s w M a tn pr ee up t sr e i esiid ha he a ri oc d he te t n t diec i ofLoga sa rm e be w ee 4: a 5: on t m or ng ofM a 2 200 f he r ton n' pa t nt t n 30 nd 00 he ni y 4, 6. #. a 69-70. Shet n hea d a c m oton a f ortve g hot . 1 a 70. Soon afe wa ds t he r om i nd our i uns s d. t tr r , s hea d a m a svoi e s yi tcom e on,Sha n. Com e on,Sha he r n' c a ng t nno nnon' i m e a el be or a ' m di t y f e sr nge c l f he s r et I a 8 The Com m o e t al o pr s nt d t t tm on oft o ta ar e t r t e . d t 4. nw alh s e e e he es i y w i nvestgat s f t M artns le Ciy Polce Depart ent l tgat G r y and i or rom he i vil t i m , nves i or avel 8 I tgaorDor e Shuma e. I tga orGr l t tfedt twhe he a rved a M s nvesi t mi t nvesi t avey esii ha n ri t . Loga s a rm e , obs r ed t f on doorm ol ng t be pa taly de t oyed,a wel asa n' pa t nt he e v he r t di o ri l sr s l b l thol i t ce lng a oxi a e y 18 t 24 i he f o t door a I a 8 ule e n he ii ppr m t l o nc s r m he w y. d t 7. I ve t g t Shum a e t tt e t the pr pa ed a phot a c lne up t twasl t r s n t n s i a or t es ii d ha e r ogr phi i - ha a e how o Loga fom whi h s cor e ty i ntted M a tn. 1 a 10 l por a l Shum a e t tfe n, r c he r c l de i i r i d. t 4. m t nty, t es ii d t the pr par d onl one phot lne up,a none oft m e i t lne- he pr pa e as de ha e e y oi nd he n n he i up e r d, i f om M a tn,w e e na e S nnon. 1 a 1 r ri r m di sha ' d. t 06. ' M a tn t n pr e ed hi c e,fr tr ca lng l s i t G r vel t t s a Gr l ri he es nt s as is e li nve tga or a y o he t nd. ave y t s ii d t the s e t o dif r tlne upst M s Log n, ih di f r ntphot r phsi e c e tte ha how d w f e en i o . a w t fe e og a n a h. Loga di notr c z a n d e ognie nyonefom t frtlne- (svneupNumbe 1)butma apostve r he is i up l i l r' de ii i nttc tonofM a tni t s ondlneup(kwneupNumbe 2'.J swa s de i ai i ri n he ec i - ç i l r ' one s hownt sme ) he a t o lne- and w asunabl t m a apostve i ntfc ton f om e t r Shaun e w a onl w i ups e o ke ii de ii a i r ihe . t s y s w n Li - N um be 2,a he w as a e t pi k M a i ou oft lne up. M a tn' c ho ne up r nd bl o c rtn t he i r i s ouns l e t c le Vit i Gr l (t cora',M atn' gilre andhe ft r J Grvel hen ald cora avey C t i ' ri s rfind, vi ) r ahe , ohn a y. Bot t s ii d t tt ha s n M a tn a V i t i shom e on t m or ng ofM ay 24,2006 a h e tf e ha hey d ee r i t c ora' he ni t app o m a e y 5: A . . Thi w ast ba i ofM a tn' de e e a t i l he w a a ho e w ih r xi t l 00 M s he s s r i s f ns t r a s t m t hi g r f i nd,a Log ha m i i ii d he a t cke . s i lre nd an d sdentt e r ta r Th til u g f u dt eCo n at swin s e , p cfc l Gie a d Se h ne e ra j d e o n h mmo we l h' t e s s s e iial ls n tp a i y Loga t be i ghl c edi e ' I a 1 I V igi a,a a l t c t a nots ta i a n, o l hi y r bl .' d t 51. n r ni n ppela e our m y e s de ti c tsj me frwa ofevi nc t e si a r fo t e de t ts h ral our' udg nt o nt de e t s t ppeas r m he vi nce ha uc unl j d me ti pli l wr n o wi u e d n et s p r i. Va Co ej8016 0.I a a p a u g n s any o g r t t vie c o u po tt' . d . - 8 n n p e l ho ' f om a de a ofa m oton t s rke f l ck ofe denc ,t Vi gi a a la e c t w ilno r ni l i o t i or a vi e he r ni ppe l t our s l t rweg t e de .Nus um v.Beln,641S. 2d49 507( 2007)(ii Sc Bd. e ih he vi nce ba ri E. 4, Va. ctng h. of CampbelCnt v.Bea l 380S. 2d884,888( .1 ) l y. sev, E. Va 989).Theq si ona li ue ton ppea s ' he he ,a t rvi w i t e de i t lgh m os f vo abl t t pr e uton, ny r tona s t r fe e ng he vi nce n he i t w t a r e o he os c i a a i l tiro fc c udh vef u be o dtee sn il lme t o t ec i g) y n ar ao a l re f a t o l a o nd y n h se ta ee n s f h rme s be o d e s n be doubt' Kelvv. r ni 58 S. 2d444,447( App. . l Viai a, 4 E. ' Va. 2003)( i J ks n v.Vigni quotng ac o ri a, 4 U. 3 7, 9 ( 9 9 ) l ab n htili i tee cusvep o i eo t etil u g ûo 43 S. 0 31 1 7 ). n e c ra,t s h x l i r vnc f h ra j d e t t r ol c l c si t t s i ony,t w ei t e de ,a t d a r as bl i e e s f o es ve ont i t n he e tm o gh he vi nce nd o r w e ona e nf r nce r m ba i f c st uli a e f c s ' 1 s c a t o tm t a t . d. ' Th Co r' i ur o Cli A, se sn S rc a dp eu iet o g ted u l e u ts nq iy n am a s sig tikln rj d c hr u h h o by d fr nile o f d r l ol tr l e iw o asaec u tud me t i ac n ou e o e I i a ee e ta lns f e ea c l ea rv e f tt o rj g n ,s o v ltd n . t s s a f l w s w he hert V i gi a ha s c tu ea o bl a i Supr e Cour pr e nti olo : t he r ni bea our nr s na y ppled em t ec de n fndi no r s bl pr biiy t tpr e vi t s fci nc oft e de e a gum e f r i ng ea ona e oba lt ha es r ng he uf i e y he vi nc r nt o a a w oul ha r s t d i a di f r ntou c e. Her ,M a tn' onl de ens w a a a i : ppe l d ve e ule n fe e t om e ri s y f e s n lbi he w a nota Loga s hom e a i w ass eo e s w ho br down t doora s a he . l s t n' , nd t om ne l e oke he nd hot t r t i c ea t ta r tona t i off ct bele ng t Co m onw e lh' w ines esa di be i vi s l r ha a i l rer a , i vi he m a t s t s nd s le ng M a tn' wines e ,ha enough e de t fnd hi guit be ri s t s s d vi nce o i m ly yond a r as bl do . Ha ng e ona e ubt vi s f u d,tf lo ta t Vigni h be sc u tsa p iain o S rc a dp eu iewa n t o o n i olws h t he r i a a a o r' p lc to f tikln rj dc s o a unr as bl one. Acc di y, a m A i D ENI . n e ona e or ngl Cl i s ED B. Cl m B ai M a tn' s c ri s e ond c a m a guest the r e ve c tt i ly i f c i a s s a e of li r ha ec i d ons iutona l nef e tve s it nc co e w he couns lf l d t i tga e,dicove ,orpr s nte de e t tc d ha uns l n e aie o nves i t s r e e vi nc ha oul ve di c edied Loga st tm ony. t sr t n' es i t couns lm us or na iy i tga e pos i e m e hods f e t di r l nves i t s bl t or i peachi pr m ng osecuton w inesses,and i s e i t i t n om ns ancesf l e t do s m ay suf i t pr a aiur o o fce o ove 10 cli unde Sti a ' Hufi t v. t 1 F.d572,58 ( hCi.998) Spe iial am r rcklnd. ' tngon Nuh, 40 3 0 4t r1 . cfc ly, M a tn a guest tt s a e e C t m ove o l m g ng t s ri r ha he t t m nt t ch, Bi r ' oi o hootyou i yourM ot rFuc ng n he ki f c ' a t i ed t hi by Log w a a es e i lpa toft C o m onw ea t sca e a a e, trbut o m ' an, s n s nta r he m lh' s nd c tt t d ç he onl e denc t twoul s ons iu e i t y vi e ha d uppor t el m e s ofi e a pr e t ton f r t he e nt nt nt nd em dia i o t c r ofa tm ptd mur .'Pe .a 15.M a tn now co e t hi ti c he ha ge te e der' t t ri nt nds hat s ral ouns ls d e houl ha us d Loga a J ve e n nd ones s a e e st t polc i whi h t m ade no m e i ofs h a ' t t m nt o he i e, n c hey nton uc s a e e ,t i pe ch Loga s t tm ony ast t s poi . Thi c a m m us a s f i on t t m nt o m a n' es i o hi nt s li t lo a l Src ln sp eudc pr n . tika d' rj ie o g l Vigni, te tdmu de i as e ii itn ci :sM?hi ap ro ma beg i y n r i a atmp e r r s p cfc ne t rme l l l es n y ul g e t ofmur rt h t r wasno a t li e t kil hec de houg he e cua ntnt o l, annotbe g ly ofa a t uit n temptt c o omm i t mur runl shehasas cii i e t ki1' Me t v. r i a,1 S. 395,398( .1 . de es pe fc ntnt o 1. nit Vigni 80 E. ' Va 935) l a pr ec i f atmptt Commonwe 1hmus pr t t ngs:( )a i e t n ny os uton or te ,he at t ove wo hi 1 n ntnt o c ommiaci ;a ( t tt dee ntco teda o l ac i f t a oft tci . t rme nd 2) ha he fnda mmit n ve' t n urhernce ha rme t Siemor v. r ni,243S. 2d21 21 ( .1 .Theover a the ec z e Vigi a E. 2, 3 Va 978) t c r annots ro l be eiusy diput Loga st si ony esabls t tM a tn s i o he a rt e . The q si on t s ed: n' e tm t ihed ha ri hot nt r pa m nt ue ton he Sti kl nd pe f r a pr i w he he ,e n a s i M a tn' couns la qua e y rc a r o m nce ong s t r ve s um ng ri s e de t l di c edied Loga st tm ony a t t s c fc s a e en a sr t n' es i s o he pe ii t t m t bouts tng he i t f ce whe he hoo i r n he a , t r t r w a a r as bl pr biiy t tt o c e w oul ha bee di f r nt he e s e ona e oba lt ha he ut om d ve n f e e . tl e i t pur e f m ed i a pe s s m i w hi m ay,a of e m us ,be i e r dnt nt s he pos or n r on' nd ch nd t n t nf r ed fom t f t a cic s a e i a pa tc a ca e. Sa r he ac s nd r um t nc s n ri ul r s ' ndovalv. i g ni 455 S. 2d 730, ' V r i a, E. 732( App.1 .Eve wihou t s ctcsae ntt thewasgoi t s Loga Va. 995) n t t he pe ii ttme ha ng o hoot n, t r w aspl nt ofe de e f t t i lc tt f nd t tM a tn har e t r uiie i t nt he e e y vi nc or he r a our o i ha ri bor d he eq s t n e f ra t m pt m ur r H e e vi w e i t lg m os f vor bl t t Com m onw e 1h,t o te ed de . r , e d n he i ht t a a e o he a t he evi nc s ed t tM ari a t as oc a esbr dow n Loga s f on door M a tn,a m e de e how ha tn nd wo s i t oke n' r t . ri r d w ih a de y w e pon,i t c e t occ nt t ge do n on t f oor M a tn t n w e e t adl a ns nz t d he upa s o t w he l . r i he dg d t g i o t doo way,poi t d i i Loga s f c a fr a s ti Loga sdiec i frhe he un nt he r ne t n n' a e, nd i ed ho n n' r ton. t ' l f c tnde m a i ert ta pe s i e t i m edi t die t a ne es a y c e nc of a t i r y nf ha r on nt nds he m a e, r c , nd c s r ons que es hi vol aya t. Ri r v.Vigi a 464 S. 2d549,551( App.1 ( i Belv. s untr cs' ves ' r ni, E. Va. 995) quotng l Vigni 299S. 2d45 452( App.1 ) (ntr quotto maksomitd) M a tn' r i a, E. 0, Va. 991) i enal ain r te . ri s s a e e t e t ni t s t t m nt hr a e ng o hootLoga m ay w e lha be n da ag ng e de ,butcon r r t n l ve e m i vi nce ta y o M a tn' s r i s ugges i i w a f rf om t o y t ng t ts ton, t s a r he nl hi ha uppored t m e r a f a t m pt t he ns e or t e ed m ur r A c r ngl t C o ttndst te n i c pet ntc de . co di y, he ur i ha ve f om e ouns lw oul ha c os e d ve r s e m i d Loga on ast t s ii t e tt s xa ne n o he pec f c hr a o hoothe i t f c t r i nota r as r n he a e, he e s e onabl e pr biiy t tt out om e w oul have be n dif r nt Cl i B i D ENI D . oba lt ha he c d e fe e . am s E C.Cl m C ai M a tn ne a gue t thi ti c ri xt r s ha s ral ouns lwa c tt i ly i f tvebec us he f l e s onsiutonal nefec i a e aied t i tgae, s ove ,a orpr s ntevi nc t tc d haves o nvesi t di c r nd/ e e de e ha oul hown t s tr d i t he hot i e n o Loga sho wasa ac de a dic r .Thesaeha sc t eecedt cai r s ng n' me n ci ntl s ha ge tt bea our rj t he l m,eaoni i pa 't tM a tn' f iur t pr de a a fda twasCf t t hi c ai . V a. a asO p.5. n l ha t r i s a l e o ovi n fi vi ta al o s l m ' ' H be l t co e ofa l ga i ofi de t i s i ton,a ha a pe ii rbe r a bur n of n he nt xt le tons na qua e nve tga i be s ttone a s de pr di a pr f t r s hi c ai beyond t s c a i l ve . Ba e t v. ovi ng ofer o ai e s l m he pe ul tve e l s te Thom ps 91 on, 5 F. 932,9 -41( hCi.1 .Onha as M a tncai t tçgral g o elsfiur t 2d 40 4t r 990) be , ri l ms ha sti ) cluns ' al e o i tgaet f e iselm i t d a r a ona e de e ef t Pe ii ra s d be nvesi t he or nsc i na e e s bl f ns or he ttone nd houl det m i i ectve.' Pet at17. ButM artn f l t t lt Courtwhatan expertwoul have er ned neff i ' . i ais o el he d s d i caled. Rat he si pl specul es aboutwhatm i have possi lt been r ai f l her, m y at ght biiy eveal i ed f c elha rti a c le a e r.Thi i i ufi e .çg alegai ofi deq t ouns d eaned nd ald n xpe t s s ns tcint çAln l ton na uae 12 i si a i doesnotw a r ntha sr le a e ap o f rofwha f vor bl e de or nve tg ton ra bea e if bs nt r f e t a a e vi nce t tmonywo dha be npr e ' Be ve v.Thomps 93F. 118 1195( hCi. esi ul ve e oduc d. a r ' on, 3d 6, 4t r 1 .Ma tn' tilco e cl mst thedic s dt is ofwhehert hiea e r t 996) ri s ra uns l ai ha suse he sue t o r n xpeto e or t pos i lt t tt gun w e of ac i n a l H e f t c ai she di c s d t xpl e he s biiy ha he nt f c de t ly. urher l m s us e he m a t rw ih M a tn be or t i ,M a tn i c t he di notha t m o y t hie an expe t a te t ri f e ral r i ndi a ed d ve he ne o r r , nd cou eldi note c t c t o a horze publc f ns d xpe t he our t ut i i undst hie a e o r n xper on s h a s cul tve t uc pe a i cai .Ex. t Va. bea Op. 4.Co e as a rntybeleve t tdhec lm A o Ha s ! unsl lo ppae l i d ha ç ommonsns t e e o t ej d ewo dp e ali h beiv dt a ablw t teh n t o p a ea dc u e te f h u g ul rv i f e le e h t o o h a d o k lc n a s d h di c r ' I O fcour e, n e ua i ti lco elsperor a ,t s Cour ca s ha ge.' d s i val tng r a uns ' f m nce hi t nnotputm uc h so ki hi s b e tv b les mu h ls s l-evn sae n sma ea trt fc.Bu e e t c n s u j cie eif, c e s efs r ig ttme t d fe he a t t v n puti c tng ouns l scl i s a i S ouns i noti f e tve m e e y be us he overooks one e ' a m s de, i c el s ne f c i r l ca e l srtgywhievi lntypurui a t r' W ila v. lv,81 F. 939, ( hCi. tae l gia l s ng nohe . lims Kel 6 2d ' 950 4t r 1 7) Hee, a tnpr s a ai dee e Couns cos -xa ne Loga a lngt as ng 98 . r M ri esed n lbi fns . el r se mi d n t e h, ki he a tt c ot ng oft i vi ua swho c m e t he hous ,a whe hers m i htha r bou he l hi he ndi d l a o r e nd t he g ve mi dupM a tnwih a herma (t rik'orû c' .Addii ly,i i cla t tc el xe ri t not n d rc ' t ' De Te ) tonal t s e r ha ouns wasa r ofLoga ssatm e t t polc a us d i tyi t dic edi he . Couns ldi i wa e n' t e nt o he i e nd e n r ng o s r t r e dn f c poi outt therde a l d s a e e st t polc i ntf i he as aia s w e e a t nt ha t ie t t m nt o he i e de i y ng r s l nt r i ncons s e w ih pa tofhert tm ony, he e s i ca e t ta ls s w wast gun. H e i t nt t r es i w r he ndi t d ha 1 he a he a s esa i he t tG iesdi notac ualy s e M a tn e erLoga shous a t ts onl s w l o t bls d ha l d t l e r i nt n' e, nd ha he y a hi 1 t 20 f e a a f om t a t e . Tr 79. G iesal o di nots M a tn r tea fom m 5o e t w y r he parm nt . l s d ee r i e r t r Log sr i nc a s m pl he d a g ne a c m oton c i f om t die ton ofG ies s an' esde e, nd i y ar e r l om i om ng r he r c i l ' a rm ent A ddii ly,c pa t . tona l ouns puton t o w ine s i an a t m ptt es a i h t tM a tn w a el w t s es n te o t bls ha ri s el sewher att tm e oft s i e he i he hootng. ( tae cc c ma at t oughi tgai of1w a fcsr lva t Sqrtgi hoies de fer hor nvesi ton a nd a t ee nt o plusbl optonsar vit ly unc le a e' nd sr t cchoi sma a trl st n a ie i e rua l hal nge bl , a taegi ce de fe es ha c pl t i s i ton a e r as bl pr ci e y t t ex e t tr as bl pr es i om e e nve tga i r e ona e e s l o he t nt ha e ona e of sonal j d me t s p r tel tto so iv siain.l ohe wo d , o n e ha ad t t u g n s u po th i ain n n etg to n t r r s c u s l s uy o mi m a r a ona e i s i tons ort m a a r as bl de s on t tm a pa tc a ke e s bl nve t ga i o ke e ona e ci i ha kes ri ul r i tga i unne s a y. l a i f e tve s c s a pa tc a dec son no t nvesi tons ce s r n ny ne f c i nes a e, r i ul r i i to i tga e m us be diec l as e s f rr a o bl ne si a lt c r um s anc s a yi nves i t t r ty s s ed o e s na e s n l he ic t e , ppl ng ah a yme sleo d frnc t c u s lsj d me t. e v at f e ee e o o n e' u g ns r W ign v S t 5 9U. 5 0, 21 2( 0 3 (u tn S rc lnd 4 6U. a 6 0 91 a is . mi 3 S. 1 5 -2 2 0 ) q o ig tika , 6 S. t 9 - ) h, Ac or Bunc v. mps 949F. 1 4,1 ( hCi.1 )(t- bes c s f afdeal c d h Tho on, 2d 35 364 4t r 991 ûl -he t oure or e r ha e sc u tst ce i pa i l sr tgcj g nsi t til fasaec s .) Co n e' b a o r i o r dt lusbe tae i ud me t n he ra o tt a e' . u s ls ' s r t c c c he e a e a f r c y f om t r go ouss a t a egi hoi es r r a r r he i r t ndar r uied t dee t m ds eq r o m he c tt i ly i f e i ons iutona l ne f ctve. M a tnr le onDr ug v. eke 427F. 286(t Ci. ri eis a hon Drt , 3d 5h r 2005) l Dr ughon,t .n a he Fi Cic tuphe d adititc tsg a ofha asr i whe et pe ii rwasa et s w hh r ui l src our' r nt be elef r he ttone bl o ho t thi c a m m e bot t St i kl nd pr ha s l i t h he r c a ongsw he e c r ouns lf l d t obt i a f e i e aie o a n or nsc e m i ton oft f t bule ,a w he e t tf e i e de e coul have die ty r f e t xa na i he a al l t nd r ha or ns c vi nc d r c l e ut d he t tm ony oft s a e' s a w ine st tt de e n di nots esi he t t s t r t s ha he f nda t d hoott vi tm a poi tbl rk he c i t n a l r nge. D r uchon,how e r i r diy ditng s bl f om t i t ntca e. Dr ug n,i hi a a ve , s ea l s i ui ha e r he ns a s a ho n s s a e ha asbi ha br htf t a fda t f o t chi fand de y m edi ale m i r oft t t be d, d oug orh f i vis r m he e put c xa ne s he c y w he e t c i e oc ur e i w hi h t y bot c ai e t tt lm ied e de e a ia e ount r he rm s c r d n c he h l m d ha he i t vi nc va l bl r i ed t pos i lt t tt s t tkil d t vi tm w a a rcoc t e e,a not a ve a s he s biiy ha he hot ha le he c i s i he .H r s ed bo , M a tn ha br ug f t no s h afi vis The pr s ntca e i m or a n t H uf i t v. r i s o ht orh uc t da t . ee s s e ki o fnc on Nut 1 F. 572( h Ci.1 ) nHufi tn,hepeii rcli dt thi c e' h. 40 3d 4t r 998 .l tngo t ttone ame ha s ouns ls f l e t cr exam i t pr ecuton' buletcom posii expert ort have t e resuls aiur o ossne he os i s l ton , o hos t confr ed by an i im ndependentexpert r , ender couns ' ass s ance i f i I at582. The ed els i t nef ectve. d pettoner' argum entatt i w as t he w as notatt scene,and t i couns t tfed t he ii s ral hat he ral el es ii hat 14 c e nott a t c t f ens c e de e bec us s h a a t k w oul no ha be n co i t n hos o ta k he or i vi nc a e uc n tac d t ve e ns s e t wihanai dee e.1 t lbi fns d.TheU. Co tofAppeasfrt Fourh Cic tf t t(gl s S. ur l o he t rui ound ha tthi tcialde iin ...( d)no f louti t wi rngeofr s na edicei af de t a tc cso di t al sde he de a ea o bl srton for d o c ouns . 1 el' d. ' Uli ael tki i o a ountalt c r um sa s t Cour cn tm t y, a ng nt cc l he ic tnce , he t nnotfnd t tc i ha ouns ls e' pe f m a e i f ii t hie a ba ls i s e r t e o e t pos i lt ofM a tn' s bei r or nc n a lng o r li tc xpe t o xpl r he s biiy r i s hot ng a a cd na ds h r eCel lw a o j ciesa d r o ra o a ln s 'a me s r db n c ie tl ic a g t lbeo n b e tv tn ad f e s n be e s' s au e y f t evalng pr e sona nor s' Stiklnd,466 U. a 688. Acc di y,t Vigi aha as t pr ii of s i l m . rc a ' S. t or ngl he r ni be co tdi notunr s bl a y f de all a es a i hed by t Supr m e C o toft U nie ur d ea ona y ppl e r aw s t bls he e ur he t d St t ,a t pe ii i D ENI ast Cl i C. a es nd he tton s ED o am D.Cl m D ai M a tn' f t cli a guest thi ti lc ri s ourh am r ha s ra ouns lwasco tt i ly i feci whe e nsiutonal ne f tve n c m s lelc t d dn agi t s i ony f om a w ine s Spe fca l M ari c a m st thi co m s l ot e i ie m ng e tm r t s . ci ly, tn l i ha s t e elc t d t s i o f om l tga orGr l a t t f c t Log s s Sha e i ntfe i ie e tm ny r nves i t ave y s o he a t hat an' on unt de ii d M a tn ou ofa phot a r y. M a tn f t rcl i st tt s e de e w asus d by t ri t o ra ri ur he a m ha hi vi nc e he Com m o a1h i iscl i ar e ,a t i couns ha note i ie s h da agi nwe t n t os ng gum nt nd hat f el d lc t d uc m ng t s i ony,t e i a r as bl pr biiy t out om e oft t i lw oul ha bee dif r t e tm her s e ona e oba lt he c he r a d ve n f e en . The Cour di a ee . Thi cl m al o f ison bot St i kl nd pr t s gr s s ai s a l h rc a ongs The pe tne pa toft . ri nt r he t i lt a c i i a f l s r a r ns rpt s s olow : Q.( Defns Couns l W ha a ( oLi - Numbez (i ? by e e el t bout Phot neupl r scl A.( l si t Grvey) I wass wnt J r i J ne smula by nve tgaor a l t ho o emane o s i tneousya 8: l t 55 A . . N o postve I m ade. M ii D Q. W ha a Sha t Loga Di heg tac nc t sePhot a cLi - 1 t bout une n? d e ha e o e ogrphi neup a 2,sr nd i ? 15 A. Yes sr Phot Li - 1 w a s n t Sha e a 9: N o s r 1r t a tt t i. o ne up s how o unt t 05. i , e r c ha s a em e . Iha a not ton he e t tSha e a s he onl s w one s pec . 1onl t t nt ve ai r ha unt dvi ed y a us t y s w ed hi Phot Li - N um be 2. ho m o ne up r Q. W ha weet r uls t r he es t? A. H e m a a pos tve I ofPho o N um be 3. de ii D t r Q. Di t tai you i de opi M r Ma tnasas pec? d ha d n vel ng . ri us t A. Y e sr s i. Tr 111 2. l c os ng, he A s it ntCom m o e t s Ator y m a r f r nc t t s . -1 n l i t ssa nw alh' t ne de e e e e o hi e ha :Sshegv nlpostvey1 dt dee nta di t oug t tmonyelciedby xc nge t loga ii l D' he fnda s d,hr h esi it oppos ng c m s l Sha e Loga ' 1 a 1 i ot e , unt n. d. t 37. Tr a c m s lc a m st the ca l d l tga or ' i l ot e l i ha le nvesi t G r ve y i o de t de onsr t t ts m e w ines eswho w e e s n phot lne upsw e e a l n r ro m t a e ha o t s r how o i r una e t i ntf M a tn a t per t a ora q s i t Com m onwea t s m otve f r bl o de iy r i s he pe r t nd ue ton he lh' i so ca lng o y Log n a t i ,a nothe hus nd orboyf i li nl a t ral nd r ba rend,who w e e a s pr s ntt ni hto r l o e e he g f t i de and who, e um abl w oul ha be n val bl w ines es Ex.A t V a. be he nci nt pr s y, d ve e ua e t s . o Ha as Op. 6. Thi i boltr dbycouns lss ! s s se e e' ummai onM atn' behaf whihc l i o ton ri s l, c aled nt que ton t Com m onwea t s de s on nott c l J nesand Shaunt Se Tr 1 -45. s i he lh' ci i o al o e. e . 44 A l ng sandi m a m a ong ti lpr c ii r i t tone s o - t ng xi m r a a ttone s s ha houl a w aysknow t d l he a we t a ques i one a ks The Cour s pe t t tco els que ton m i notha ns r o ny ton s . t us c s ha uns ' si ght ve e i ie t de ie r s lc t d he s r d e pons . N one he es ,t st to de c i a e t l s he iua i n s rbed bove,e n i a m i s e doe ve f s t p, s n tc n ic t eCo r t a t o n e' rp e e tto fl b lw a o j ci sa dado o o vn e h u th t l u s ls e r s nain el eo n b e tve tn r f c r s nabl nes .' Sti kl nd,466 U . a 688. A ddii ly, he Cour f ndst te n i t s ea o e s' r c a S. t tona l t ti ha ve f hi c tt i ly i f ec i pe f m anc M a tn hasf ie t m a a a qua e s i of ons iutona l ne f tve r or e, r i a l d o ke n de t how ng p eu ie Th r wa s bsa ta oh re ie c p itn t M a t a tepep tao ,n l ig rj dc . e e s u tn il t e vd n e on ig o ri s h r ert r icudn n t t s i o ofLoga w hi w a c r a e by Gie a t physca e denc The Cour he e tm ny n, ch s or obor t d l s nd he i l vi e. t c nnotc l t tt Vigi aha a c tsa j c tonofCli D wasa unras bl a oncude ha he r ni be s our' dudiai am n e ona e 16 a i a i ofcl a l esabls d f der ll w . Fort tr as t pe ii i D EN I D ast pplc ton e r y t i he e a a ha e on, he tton s E o Cl i D . am E . Cl m E ai l Cl i E,M a tn a guest tc n am ri r ha ouns lw asc tt i ly i f c i be aus ofhi e ons iutona l nef e tve c e s f iur t ca lJ m a ne J a l e o l er i onesasa wines . A sdes r be a t s c i d bove, ne w as Loga s boyf i nd Jo s n' re a pr e a t tm e oft i de . I s i a orGr ve y t s ii d t tJ nd es nt t he i he nci nt nve t g t a l e t fe ha onesw a una et s bl o m a a postve i ntfca i f om t phot lne ups Tr 111.Bes de I tga or Gr vel s ke ii de i i ton r he oi - . . i s nvesi t a y' t i lt s i ony, he onl e de M a tn pr desi s r a e tm t y vi nce r i ovi n uppor oft s c a m i J s' s a e e tt t hi l i s one s t t m n o t polce. M artn ar he i i guest Jones' s at enthad tno m enton oft gunm an sayi he was hat s t em t i he ng oi t s ta ng o hoo nyone.'Pe. 57.Addii l hea g t tJ ne ' des i i oft ' t! tonaly, r ues ha o ss crpton he gu a asha ng a r ba nm n vi ed ndana ove hi f c conta c s Loga spostve i ntf c ton of r s ae r di t n' ii de ii a i M at a t s oe .Bu t e e au tn prdu ieac u t yc nsd ra1 s e t o t e ri s he ho tr t l n v l aig e j d c o r ma o i e 1 a p cs f h n wh e de e pr f r d by t pe ii r i l ng a pe t bot be f c ala de r m en a t vi nc of e e he ttone , nc udi s c s h ne i i nd t i t l o peii rsca e. Hufi on.1 F. a 578(ntr lquottonmar a ciai omitd) ttone' s ' fnat 40 3d t ' i ena ai ks nd ttons te . J s s sa e e t t polc s ysonl t tt s t rha a r d ba na wr ppe a o hi one ' t t m nt o he i e a y ha he hoo e d e nda a d r und s f ce he doe no i c t t tt banda co r d t s t r s f c M or over M ari i a ; s t ndi a e ha he na ve e he hoo e ' a e. e , tn s co r c t tJ r e t ha ones s s a e e doe nots c tc ly s y t tt g ' t t m nt s pe ii a l a ha he unm a t e e d t s t n hr at ne o hoo a yo . Bu i doesnotcont adi tany ofLoga st s i ony. M or ove ,t s a em e do n ne tt r c n' e tm e r he t t nt es c r a e Loga s ot pa t ofLoga sr colec i tf e guy w ih t r ba na s uc or obor t n' her r s n' e l ton: s ' -h t he ed nda t k hi a tr t doorwihag i i, wassy gi)opent door bic ge a yfom t s nn l ough he z t un n the a sc he , th t wa r he door Thasgi waswhe t frts twa frdi ot celng .... J St .atc da . t scj n he is ho s ie nt he ii ' ones mt, ta he s ' Ex. o Pe . l i tue t tJ s' t tm ony m a ha c r a e M a tn' t or t the w a a t t t s r ha one s esi y ve or obor t d r i s he y ha s vi i ofm it ctm s aken i iy. Butt s i pur y s dentt hi s el pecul i M or atve. eover even i couns di get , f el d J st a i t the w a una e t i ntf M a tn f om a pho o a r y,c lng J st t one o dm t ha s bl o de iy r i r t r a ali one o he s a w oul lke y ha hur M a tn m o e t n i he pe A sc t nd d i l ve t r i r ha t l d. ouns w e lr cogni d,i J s' el l e ze t one s t s i o as um i i w a no di alow e asc ul tve, oul have lkel s r e t r i or e tm ny, s ng t s t s l d um a i w d i y e v d o e nf ce t de a l oft i de a m i htha f t runde m i d M a tn' a i .3 Couns ' de i i he t is he nci nt nd g ve ur he r ne r i s lbi els c son no t ca lJ t o l onest t sand w a e i nty r as bl M a tn ha f ie t s ts y Sti kl nd' o he t s m ne l e ona e. ri s a l d o a i f r c a s pe f m a e pr ast Cl m E,a t pe ii i t r by de e a t t s c ai . r or nc ong o ai nd he tton s he e ni d s o hi l m F. C l m F ai M a tn' fna cl i ar ri s i l a m guest tt Cour s ul g a hi r i be us oft ha he t ho d r nt m elef ca e he c ltv e fc o hi i fe tvea ssa c camsA t r u hE. Bu teCo r h srj de umuaie fe t f s nefci s itn e li ho g t h u t a ee d ea h ofM a tn' i vi lc ai s H a ng done s t tw oul be odd,t s y t l s ,t c ri s ndi dua l m . vi o, i i d o a he ea t o c n ld t a t o es mea to , e c n i ee c lciey d p ie gh Pei o e)o afi o cu e h t h s a cins wh n o sd rd ol tv l, e rv d t e tt n r f ar e i til' Fihe v.Anceone 1 F. 835,852( hCi.1 ) SeealoAr dv.Evet 11 ra.' s r l , 63 3d 4t r 998 . s nol t, 3 F. 1 2,1 ( h Ci.1 )(ummaiydimisngc ai er a gume ba e on 3d 35 364 4t r 997 s rl s si umultve ror r nt s d c tstndi ast i vi camsoferor.Thea opraei r wihr gadt Cli F our' i ngs o ndi dual li r ) ppr it nquiy t e r o am i w he he t c ul tve e f toft eror a l ged i M a tn' i vi lcl m s r s s t a l ve s t r he um a i f ec he r s le n ri s ndi dua ai i e o e l o p eu iece tn ar a o a ep o blt ta te afce t o to o tep oc e i . f rj dc raig e s n bl r ba ii h th y fe td he uc me f h r e dng y Thi i ane ry i unnount bl t e hol a M a tnha no c os e i he e. The Co tfnds s s a l ns a e hr s d, nd ri s t r s d t r ur i t ec mu ai eer rcam fiso S rc a d sp eu iep o g Ac o digy,h saec u ts h u ltv ro li al n tikln ' rj dc r n . c r n l t e tt o r' dec s on on t s Cl i w a notan unr as bl a i a i ofcl a l esabls d f de all as ii hi a m s e ona e pplc ton e r y t i he e r aw 3 I hi sat o he i n s t ementt t polce, Jones s d:ç-' ot rt s pec sappar l t on f . Beca e I ai ç he he wo us t l enty led oot us onl s t one guy wih t r bandana. ls w hi r i t drveway a t hous on t cor of y aw he t he ed a m un n he i t he e he ner Br and Swans ' l Joneshad been on t sand,he lkel woul have t tfi t t s,aswel ast uce on.' f he t i y d es i ed o hi l he r t of hi sat es s t ement whi des rbed t vi e as aul on hi home, hi sgnii , ch ci he olnt s t s s i fcant ot ,and t her he chidr l en. 18 de e mi by t Supr t r ned he eme Cour oft Unied St e ,a t Pe ii i DENI a t Cl m t he t ats nd he tton s ED s o ai G . Evi i H eari dent ary ng M a tn as t Cour t hol a e de ta y hea i be or r i on t m e isofhi r i ks he t o d n vi n i r rng f e ulng he rt s c am s l t h sa eprs sm a s tmess l i . s houg t t ioner y ome i Al ubmi ne e de e i f r c t t w vi nc n ede al our, A EDPA ' sa ut y s he e i des g t s r y di co a t m f o doi s ' Cule v. S t t or c m s i ned o tongl s ur ge he r m ng o. ' ln Pi ser 1 S. .1 1 ( 1.W hee, hee,afdea ha speii rha fie t nholt , 31 Ct 388, 401 201 ) r as r e rl bea ttone s ald o de l t f c ua ba i ofhi cl i s i s a e c t t Coul c nnotc ve op he a t l s s s a m n t t our , he ' a t onduc a evi nta y t n de i r he rngunls t peii rs ai e s he ttone howst thi camsrl o ()ane rtoa tvenzeof ha s li ey n 1 w, er ci l c tt i 1w t twasprvi l una ia e;o ()afcua pr di t t tc dno ha onsiutonala ha e ousy valbl r 2 a t l e cae ha oul t ve be n pr vi l dic e t ough t e r s ofduedii nce a t tt f c sunde l ng e e ousy s over d hr he xe cie lge , nd ha he a t ryi t c ai sw oul be s fci ntt s he l m d ufi e o how by c ea a co nc ng e de e t tno r as bl l r nd nvi i vi nc ha e ona e tnd roff c co dha convitdt peiine oft unde l ngofe e .28U. C.j i e a t ul ve ce he tto r he ryi f ns s S. 225 $.TheCour fndsnoras t hol a e de ir he i i t sca e a t rques 4( ti e on o d n vi ntay arng n hi s , nd he e t f s h ahea i i de e or uc rng s ni d. H . Certf cat ofAppeal lt ii e abiiy Rul 11 oft Rul s Gove i Se ton 2254 Ca esi t U nie St t s D it i tCou t e he e m ng c i s n he t d a e s rc rs r quiest tt Cour i s orde a c r ii a e ofa a a lt w he i e e sa fna or r e r ha he t s ue ny e tt c t ppe l biiy n t nt r i l de t dve s t ' f r ha a pe ii r A c r ii a e ofa a a lt w ilnoti s unl s t d r e o' a ede al be s ttone . e tf c t a ppe l biiy l s ue e s he peiine S smadeas tnta s ngoft de a ofac tt i rght' 28U. C.j tto rç ha ubsa il howi he nil onsiutonal i .' S. 2253()2) I or rt dos t peii rmus s t tr s na ej it c ddia e c( . n de o o,he ttone t how ha ea o bl urss oul s gre a utt peii sme isort ttt is prs ntdgrla quaet de evee our me bo he tton' rt ha dhe sues e e e ae de t o s r nc age nt 19 t pr ee f t r' M ilr? v. kmt,537U. 322,336( o oc d urhe .' lçr Coc t S. 2003)( i Sl kv. quotng ac M c ni ,529U. 473, ( Da el S. 484 2000) (ntr quoai mar omitd) vi c i r dt ) i enal tton ks te .Ha ng onsde e he r cor a t r lva l alsa r , he Cour fndst tM a tn hasno m a t r quiie e d nd he ee nt eg t nda ds t t i ha ri t de he e st s t nta s i and a ce tfca e ofa ubs a i l how ng, rii t ppea a lt i t r f e DEN I . l biiy s he e or ED I . V C onc us on l i Fort r a ons di c s d above t Petton i DE NI i is e ie y a t he e s s us e , he ii s ED n t ntr t nd he Re ponde ' M o i t D i m i si G R ANTE D . An a opra e or w ili s t sda s nts ton o s s s ppr i t der l s ue hi y. ENTER:Ths J/ -a o Mac 2 2. i v d y f rh, 01 Se ' U nied St t s D it ' ud t a e sr ge 20
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