Mangum v. Clarke, No. 7:2011cv00205 - Document 24 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 10/6/2011. (tvt)

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+* CLERKS OFFIE U,. Sm O URT C S Dl AT ROANOKE, VA Fl :D t - IN TH E UN ITED STA TES D ISTR ICT CO UR T FO R TH E W ESTER N DI STR I O F V I G I I CT R N A R O AN OK E DIVISIO N BEV ERLY R . AN G U M , M Petii toner M EM O M ND U M O PI I N N O H AR O LD YV.CLA R K E , R espondent . JJ A ( I J . LERK ILt 7 J Y, BY; C E C i lA c i N o.7: c vi ton 11 v00205 V. 22T 2s 2 1 21 By:Sa ue G.W is m l lon Uni St esD i ri Judge ted at st ct Pe ii ne ,Be ry R.M a tto r ve l ngum ,a V igi a i a e pr ee ng pr s tl d t s pe ii r ni nm t oc di o e, i e hi tton frwrtofha scor ,purua t 28U. C.j2254.Ma um aguest thi plawasnot o i bea pus s nt o S. ng r ha s e k w i a vol a y a t couns lpr vi d i f e tve a s s a e on f g o no ng nd unt r nd hat e o de ne f c i s i t nc our r unds The . s a e c tde e m i d t ta lofM a t t our t r ne ha l ngum ' cl i s f l unde A nde s v.W a de 281 S. 2d s a m aied r r on r n, E. 885 ( 981,a t t hi i feci asitnce of co elcli as fie under Hilv. 1 ) nd ha s nef tve ssa uns ams lo ald l Loc t 474 U. 52 ( 985 . Upon de novo r viw,t s c tfnds t M a khar, S. 1 ) e e hi our i hat ngum' cai s lm c once ni t vol a i s of hi pl a has no m e i . Furher t s co t tnds t t t s a e r ng he unt r nes s e rt t , hi ur i ha he t t c u tsa j dc to o M a g m' ief ci a ssa c o c u s lcamswa n tc nr r t , r o r' du iain f n u s n fe t s itn e f o n e li ve s o o tay o o a unr a ona e applca i of cl a l es a i he f r l w a di not r s t i a de s on n e s bl i ton , e r y t bls d ede al a nd d e ul n ci i t t w a bas d on a unr as na e d t r i ton of t f c s The ef e t co ' g an s ha s e n e o bl e e m na i he a t . r or , he ul r t t r s nden ' m oton t di m i s e po ts i o s s . On D e m be 2, 2008, a t r pl di no c e t t fr t de e m ur , r ce r f e ea ng ont s o i s gr e der obbe y, a r nd a t m pt d r te e obbe y i t R oa r n he noke Ciy Cic tCour ,t c tc c e M angum on a lt e t r ui t he our onvi t d 1 hr e c ount a s nt nc hi t a t a t nn of 30 yea s i r er ton, w ih 1 of t e ye s s nd e e ed m o ot l e r nca c a i t 0 hos ar s pe d. I ac or nc w ih t w rte pl ag e m en , he c tent r d a nolepr e i us nde n c da e t he it n ea r e t t our e e l os qui n t p os u i oft e ot rf r a m c r s. M a um di nota he r ec ton hr e he i e r ha ge ng d ppea . M a um f l d a tm e y l ng ie i l sae ha aspe ii i t Roa t t be tton n he noke Ciy Cic tCour alegi t thi pl wa notknowi t r ui t l ng ha s ea s ng a vol a y a t t c nd unt r nd ha ouns pr de i f c i as i t nce on s ve algr el ovi d nef e tve s s a e r ounds The c r ui . ic t c t dim i s d M a our s s e ngum ' ha a pe ii fndi t t hi c ai s f l d unde Ander on v. s be s tton, i ng ha s l m aie r s W ade 281S. 2d 885 ( 981,a t thi i feci asitnc ofc elcai as fie r n, E. 1 ) nd ha s nef tve ssa e ouns l ms lo ald u d rHi v. c h r,4 4 U. 5 ( 9 5 . Th Su r meCo r o Vig narf s d Ma u s n e l Lo k a t 7 S. 2 1 8 ) e p e l u t f r i i e u e ng m' appe l1 M angum t n fl d t i tntf de a ha aspe ii a lgi t s m e cli st he a. he ie he nsa e r l be tton le ng he a am ha a l d i hi s a e ha as pe ii lege n s t t be tton. Spe i i aly,he c a m s t t hi pl w as not knowi a c fc l l i ha s ea ng nd vol a' a t t c unt l nd ha ouns pr ded i f c i a s s a e i f ii t i s i t t c s , i y el ovi nef e tve s i t nc n a lng o nve tga e he a e n c r ng M a z t e e a pl a ofno co e t i ne i tng t pl i M a oe ci ngtm o nt r e nt s , n gota i he ea n ngum ' a e a s bs nce nd w ihouthi c e ,a i f lng t i s i a e orpr e e de t tM a t s ons nt nd n aii o nve tg t es nt vi nce ha ngum w a notg ly s uit a a prnci l i t s c s i pa n he e ond de ee The co ts r d M a gr . ur e ve ngum ' pe ii upon t r ponde , s tton he es nt a t sm a t ri be o e t c ton r s nd hi te s f r he our e ponde ' m oton t di m i s nts i o s s. ll. Ma ngum a l ges t t hi pl of no c t tw as no know i a vol a y. The s a e le ha s ea on es t ng nd unt r tt c u trj ce h scam u d rAn e s n, 1S. 2 a 8 5. Be a s te s o eo An e s n i o r ee td i li n e d ro 28 E.d t 8 c u e h c p f d ro s not cl a ,t s cour r vi w e M angum ' c a m de nov and fnds t t hi cl i has no m e i . e r hi te e d s li o i ha s a m rt Accor ngl t courtdi m i M angum ' cl m . di y, he s sses s ai A nde s hol t tt t t a a cu ac ofr pr s a i m ade by a de e ntas t r on ds ha he nzh nd c r y e e ent tons f nda o t a qua y of hi c ta nt d couns a t vol a i s of hi guit pl a w il be he de c s our - ppoi e el nd he unt r nes s ly e l c i r c us vel e t bls d by t t i pr ee ngs unl s t pr s ne of e s a vald ons de ed oncl i y s a i he he ral oc di , e s he i o r f r i r as why he s d be pe m it d t c r r hi pr o s a e e s 281 S. 2d a 888. e on houl r te o ontove t s i r t t m nt . E. t H ow ever t s , he cope oft Anderson rul i uncl and,t ef e,t courtw ilnott i asan he es ear her or he l reat t 1l rf i M a s i on or e h u rme u t f r ii,n feta jdc td n eusng ngum ' petti f appealon habeasreviw ,teS pe Co ro Viqnai efc, du iae M a g m' cams S eY1tv Nu n ma e , 0lU. . 9 , 0 ( 9 ) Th ma v Da l,1 2F.d 4 5 4 3n 6 n u s li . e s . n e k r 5 S 7 7 8 3 1 91 ; o s . v s 9 3 4 , 5 . (t Ci. 9 9 . 4h r 1 9 ) 2 i pe nta a qua e sae gr nde nde nd de t t t ound f pr edu a de aul. Se Bur v. el 208F. or oc r l f t e ket Ana one, 3d 172,1 ( h Ci.2000) Ac r ngl t c trviwst cam denovoandtndst ti ha 84 4t r . codi y,he our e e he li i ha t s no m e i. rt M a um ' cl i t thi pl was notknowi a vol a y c r t s r y w ih t ng s a m ha s ea ng nd unt r ont as s ha pl t he sae nt he made durng hi pla c l uy. CL defnda ' s e de aai i ope ttme s i s e oloq IA) e nts olmn clrtons n n co tafimi g plala e me ...d ry a sr pr s i ofvert 'be us co t ur fr ng a e gr e nt car tong eumpton iy, ca e urs mus be a e t r l on t de enda ' sae e sm a unde oah durng apr pe l c t bl o ey he f nts t tm nt de r t i o ry onduce td Rul 11placoloquy. Unied Stt v.Le se ,403 F.d 21 221( h Ci.2005) (uotng e e l ' t aes ' matr 3 6, 4t r ,q i Blc e v.Alio 431U. 63,74 ( 977) a ctng Unie Stt v.Bowma 3 F. a kldge ls n, S. 1 ; nd ii td aes n, 48 3d 408,41 ( h Ci.2003).Be us t de lrtonscar s a pr umpton,t y pes ta 7 4t r ) ca e he caai ry uch es i he r en f da e ba rer i a s eque c l t r l pr e ngs U nie St t v. W hie 36 F. onui bl r i n ny ubs nt ola e a oc edi . t d a es t , 6 3d 291 295- (t Ci. , 96 4h r 2004)( i Blckldc 431U. a 7 . quotng a e e, S. t 4) Dur ng hi pl a he i M a i s e arng, ngum a fr ed t the w a 54 ye r ol a had a GED ,t t f im ha s a s d nd ha he f l unde s ood t cha ges a i t hi a had t o uly rt he r ga ns m nd he pporuniy t di c s t m and t i t t o s us he he r elmen swih de e e c e t t f ns ouns l t the ha a opporuniy t dic sa pos i e de e e a e ; ha d n t t o s us ny sbl f ns s nd hi pos i e pl a w ih couns l t t a t c uli wih c s sbl e t e ; ha , fer ons tng t ouns l he ha de e m i f r hi s l e, d t r ned o m e f t e e hi pl sofno cont ta wa doi s vol a iy;t he unde sood t tf pu os o nt r s ea es nd s ng o unt rl hat rt ha or p es of t pr ee ng,a pl a of no c es w as t s m e a a guit a pl a t t a pl a of no he oc di e ont t he a s ly ea nd ha e c es wass fce f t c tt c c hi on e c c r e't theunde sood t va i ont t ufi int or he our o onvit m a h ha g , ha rt he rous rght he w oul gi up by e e i a no con e tpl a;t the ha di c s d t f c t the w as i s d ve nt rng t s e ha d s us e he a t ha on pr ton wih couns l t the had notbee t e t ne o c r d i o e e i hi pl as t t oba i t e ' ha , n hr a e d r oe ce nt nt r ng s e ' ha , he had no r ce ved a pr m i es ot rt t e s tf t i t w rt e pl a a e m e t t the te i ny o s , he han hos e orh n he it n e gr e n ' ha , unde sood t pot ntalpe li pr de by 1 w i t e nt he di not ha a wrte pl a rt he e i na tes ovi d a n he ve d ve it n e 3 a e m e ;t the unde sood t tt c twa notbo by t s nt nci g de i ;t the gr e nt ha rt ha he our s und he e e ng ui lnes ha was a a e t t pa ol ha bee a i he i V igi a; t t he w a c pl t y s ts i d wih w r ha r e s n bols d n r ni ha s om e el a i f e t c ouns l s r pr ent ton and t t he ha no c pl i w ha s ve r r ng t rpe f e ' e es a i ha d om a nt t oe r ega di hei r onna ; nce a t the ha s gned t w rte pl a a e m e . The tans rptr f e t t tt c t oo c r nd ha d i he it n e gr e nt r c i e l c s ha he our t k a e t e ur t t M a o ns e ha ngum w as en e i hi pl bot know i y a vol t r l by r e i t t r ng s ea h ngl nd un a iy evi w ng he pr s o untlt co twas f l s ts i d t tM a ovi i ns i he ur uly a i fe ha ngum unde s ood. The c tm ade fndi rt our i ngs o t r or a t pl hea i t t M a n he ec d t he ea rng ha ngum w as c pe entt pl d and t the vol a iy om t o ea ha unt r l a knowi y e e ed hi pl a. N ot ng t t ha f l e ha di pe l d t t c l i nd ngl nt r s e hi ha s olow d s s le ha onc us on. Acc di y,t co t fnds t t M a um ' c le or ngl he ur i ha ng s ha l nge t t va i t of hi pl ha no m e i o he ldiy s ea s rt a t r or ,di m i s hi c a m . nd, he ef e s s es s l i 1 11. M a um cl i s t t c ng a m ha ouns pr de i f e tve a s s a e i f lng t i tga e t el ovi d ne f c i s i t nc n aii o nves i t he c e,i c r i M a as n oe c ng ngum t en e a pl of no c es ,i ne i tng t pl a i M a um ' o tr ea ont t n gota i he e n ng s a e a w ihouthi c e ,a i f lng t i ve tga e or pr e e de t tM a bs nce nd t s ons nt nd n aii o n s i t es nt vi nce ha ngum wa n tg l a aprn ia i tes c n d ge .Th saec u t du iae a drj ce alo s o uiy s icp ln h e o d e r e e tt o r a j d c td n ee td l f t t s ca ms fndi t t t f l underH il 47 U . a 52. Thi cour fndst tt sa e he e li , i ng ha hey aied s t i ha he t t l, 4 S. t 2 c u tsa j iain o t e ecamswa n tb s do a u ra o bed tnniaino t ef cs o r' dudc to f h s li s o a e n n n e s na l ee n to f h a t a di notr s t i a de i i t tw as co r r t or a unr s bl a i t o of c e r y nd d e ul n c s on ha nt a y o, n ea ona e pplca i n , l a l e t bls d f de a l w . A c r ngl , t c tdim i s M a um ' c a m s s a ihe e r l a 3 co di y he our s s es ng s l i . 2Hildic s st a iato oft t o pr sa d e tbls d i Stikl v. W as ngon,466 U . 6 l s us e he pplc in he w ong tndar sa ihe n rc and hi t S. 68 (98 ) i tec netof g lypla 1 4 ,n h o tx a ui e . t 3M a ngum ' petton i gover b 28 U .S. j 225 and cha e 1 oft Anttrors a Efeci De t s ii s ned y C. 4 ptr 54 he ie r im nd f tve ah Pe at Ac (t n l tE y AEDPA' .2 U.. j 2 6166 l amo tal ic msa c s p tt n r u d rj2 5 mu t xh ut ' 8 SC. j 2 - . n l s lcru tn e , eii e s n e 2 4 s e a s ) o a1a albl sae c u trme e beo e se i rle i fd rlc u t j 2 5 ( Whe rve ng a cam l v i e tt o r e dis fr e kng eif n e ea o r. 2 41 a $. n e iwi li a jdiae o t mei b asaec u tafd rlc u t yga th b a r l fo y it saec ut du iain du c td n he rt y tt o r e ea o r ma rn a e s ei nl f he tt o r a j dc to s e ( )çeutd i a d cso t a wa c nrr t,o iv le a uze s n bl a pl ain o ,ce ry etbih d 1 t s le n e iin h t s o tay o r n ov d n l ao a e p i to f lal sa l e r r c s Fe e a lw, sd t r n d b t eSu r me Co r o t eUn td S ae , o ( )ç e ut d i ad cso t a wa b s d d r la a e emi e y h p e u t f h i tt s' r 2 û s l n e ii n h t s a e e ' r e o a u r a o a ed tr n to o t e f cs i lg to t e e ie e p e e td i t e sa e c u t r c e ig. j n n n e s n bl e e mi ai n f h a t n i h f h vd nc r s n e n h t t o r p o e d n ' j ' 4 I or rt e t bls a cli ofi feci a ssa ofc n de o sa ih a m ne f tve s it nce ouns ,a ha spe ii rmus el bea ttone t s o t a c u s lsp ro n e wa d fce ta d ta t d fce c p eu ie hi d fns . h w h t o n e' ef nna c s eiin n h t he eiin y rj d c d s ee e Stiklnd v.W as nct 466 U. 668,68 ( 98 . To etbls dei e pef manc a rc a hi on, S. 7 1 4) sa ih tcint ror e, peiin rmus d mo srt ta c u e' rp e e tto ûelbeo a o j cie sa d r o tto e t e n tae h t o nsls e r sn ain t l lw n b e tv tn ad f f r a o blnes . 1 a 688.Ther i asr pr umpton t ta at ne i a tngr s nabl e s na e s' d. t ' e s tong es i ha n tor y s c i ea o y. I . t 8 8 Toetbls p eu iet hi d fn e ap tto e mu t e n taet t u frh s d a 68 - 9. sa ih rj d c o s ee s , eiin r s d mo srt ha b t o i a t ne s e r r ,t e i a r as bl pr biiy t tt ou c e oft t i lw oul ha be n tor y' r o s her s e ona e oba lt ha he t om he r a d ve e di f r n . I a 694. A tr as bl pr biiy' i a t o biiy s fci nt t u r i f e e t d. t te ona e oba lt ' s t ba lt uf i e o nde m ne pr contde e i t ou c e. l i nc n he t om ' d. l t c e of a guit pl a,E n or r t s ts y t ' n he ont xt ly e d i de o a if he trj dc 'r q ie n , h d f n a tmu ts o t a te ei ar a o a l pr b b ly ta, u p eu ie e urme t t e e e d n s h w h t h r s e s n b e o a ii h t b t t f cou els e r s he w oul notha pl a guit a w oul have i i t d on goi t t i l' or ns ' r or , d ve e ded ly nd d ns s e ng o r a . ' H il 474 U . at58. l, S. W he e ua i c ai s of i f tve a s s a e of co e ,f r ha a r le k a n val tng l m nefec i s it nc uns l ede al be s e i f s y m be g a e o y i t s a e c tdec s o unr a ona y a i d t m or ge r s a r f r nt d nl f he t t - our ii n e s bl pple he e ne al t nda d or i f ec i - s it nce of couns l cl i s esa i he by Sti kl nd ne f tve a s s a - e am t bls d rc a M iz va e,1 r a nc 29 K now l v. es 1 1 1 9 ( 0 9 . S e t ed u l d frn il udca rviw t a 41 , 41 2 0 ) f r h o by ee e ta j iil e e h t und a ist aStiklnd cl m e uae unde t j2254( ( )sa r 'dll queton tsnot pple o rc a ai val td r he d)1 tndad, tthe si i ' whehera f de a c tbele s t sa e co ts de e mi to undert Stikl nd sa r t e r l our i ve he t t ur' t r nai n' he rc a t nda d t s i ore t but whehe t t de e mi ton wa unr as bl - a s t i l hi her wa nc r c t r ha t r na i s e ona e ubsantaly g 2 4d() ()2. A saec uta j dcto i c n iee c nrr t cery etbihe fd rllw i tesae 25 ()1, d( ) tt o r du iain s o sd rd o tay o lal sa ls d e ea a f h tt c tarvesatac uson opposiet t tr ac byt e Supr m eCour on a q to ofl ori t sae c r our ri oncl i t o ha e hed h e t uesin aw f he tt ou t de desa ca e difr nty t n t Supr m e Cour hason a s tofm ae ily i si s bl f t. W ila sv. ci s fe e l ha he e t e tral nditnguiha e acs lim Ta lr 5 9U. 3 2, 2 1 ( 0 ) A saec u td cso u r ao bya pl scery etbl h dfd rllw i vo, 2 S. 6 41 -3 20 0 . tt o r e iin n e sna l p i lal sa i e e ea a f e s t cou ti ntfest c r tl lprnc pl ,butun e ona y a i i t t f c s oft c e l a 41 I i not he r de i i he or ec ega i i e r as bl pples t o he a t he as . d. t 3. t s e nough t tasaec r apple f de al1w i recl r i m a onl begr ed i t applc ton offder lw ha t t ou t id e r a nco r ty; elef y y ant f he iai e al a i u e ona e. l a 41l. Fa t aldee m i to madeby t sae c tae ç es ed t be c r c , a t s nr as bl d. t cu tr nains he tt our r ç um pr o ore t' nd he ' p tt n r h s t e b r e o r b ti g ta p e u to o c re t e s b K la a d c nvn ig e ie c . j eii e a h u d n f e u tn h t r s mp in f o r cn s y < e r n o icn v d n e' o c ' 2 5 () 1 . 2 4e() 5 t es d.' I a 1 ( i Sc io v.La ia 550 U. 465,473 ( hr hol '' d. t 420 quotng hrr ndrg n, S. 2007). tAnd, ) s be us t St i a s a r i a ge r l sanda d, a s a e c tha eve m or l tt t ca e he rckl nd t nda d s ne a t r t t our s n e a iude o r s ea onabl de e m i t ta de enda ha nots t s i t s a r ' I y t r ne ha f nt s a i fed he t nda d.' d. l a j d c tn M a g m' ief ci ea ssa eo c u e camso h b a r ve te n du iaig n u s n fe tv sitnc f o ns l li n a e s e iw,h saec tfundt tC ven t sr pr ofg ngum'lguitasr l td i t rc d,a tt our o ha E gi he tong oof Ma s l etece n he e or s wel a t sgni i nt be ft he de i d f o hi pl a a e m e w ih t Com m o e t l s he i fca ne is rve r m s e gr e nt t he nw a1h, (a M ngumjc mo esa ih a ras bl pr biiy t the woul ha gone t tilon t al t tbls e ona e oba lt ha d ve o ra he m ert , bu f a c a m e e r r by t i l co el' Ba e on t s fndi t s a e c t is t or ny l i d r o ra uns .' sd hi i ng, he t t our de e m i t r ned t t M a ha ngum ' c ai f ie unde H il s l m al d r l. Dur ng hi pl a c l i s e oloquy, M a um ng af im e t t he w as e erng hi pl of no co e t f ee y a vol a iy' t t no one ha fr d ha nt i s ea nt s r l nd unt r l , ha d t e t ne f ce t i ke coe ce or i tm i t d hi i o pl di no co e t t tco e di hr a e d, or d, r c d, r d, n i da e m nt ea ng nt s ; ha uns l d not do a hi t the di notw a t m t do a di e r hi t t he w a e t m t do; nyt ng ha d nt he o nd d ve yt ng ha nt d he o and t the had no c pl i t or c ii s wha s e r r ga di a a pec of t l gals r i e ha om a n rtcim t o ve e r ng ny s t he e e vc s and r pr s nt ton he r ei d. I f c ,whe a ked by t cour a ut couns ' pe f m a e e e e ai ec ve n a t n s he t bo els r or nc , M a um r ponde dhe di good. CE dee nts s e de aains i o n c t ng es d t y d t ' CA) fnda ' olmn clrto n pe our ' afnni g pl lagrement...tary asr ngpr umpton ofveiy, be a ec t mus be fi ng a ea e c r to es i rt ' c us ours t a e t r l on t de e nt s s a em e s m ade unde oa h durng a pr pe l c bl o e y he f nda ' t t nt r t i o ry onduc e Rul 11 td e pla coloquy. Le se ,403 F. a 221 ( tng Bl kl ,431 U. a 74;a ctng e l ' matr ' 3d t quoi ac edqe S. t nd ii Bowma 348 F. a 417) Be us t decaato c ry s h apr umpton,t y prs n a n, 3d t . ca e he lr ins ar uc es i he e e t fr da ebariri a s e ntcolaea pr e ngs W hie 366F. a 295- (t Ci. omi bl re n ny ubs que ltrl oc edi . t, 3d t 96 4h r 200 ( tng Bl kl 4) quoi ac edge,431U. a 7 . Basd on t f egoi t sc ttndst tt S. t 4) e he or ng, hi our i ha he saec tsadudi tonofM a tt our' j cai ngum' i fe tvea ssa eofc e camswa no co r r s nefci sitnc ouns l li s t ntay t o a l r a ona e a i a i of cl a l esa i he f de a l w a w as no bas d on a o, r n m e s bl pplc ton , e r y t bls d e r l a nd t e n 6 unr as bl de e m i i oft f t .A cc di y,t cour di m i s M a um ' i f e tve e ona e t r naton he ac s or ngl he t s s es ng s ne f c i a s sa e ofco elc a m s 4 s i t nc uns l i . l . V For t r as he e ons s a ed he e n, t c t g ant r ponde ' m oton t di m i s a tt r i he our r s es nt s i o s s nd dimis sM a s se ngum' j225 peii s 4 tton. The Cl r i di e t d t s a c e k s r c e o end opy oft s m e or nd opi on a t a co pa ng hi m a um ni nd he c m nyi or t t partes. der o he i EN TER :Thi s da of Oc obe ,2011 y t r . ll' d stt DititJ J. X aes src udge 4To t e t ntM a um a tm pt t r iea ne cl m si hi ha speii ,t cour tndst ta ne cli i he x e ng te s o as ny w ai n s bea tton he ti ha ny w am s p o e ual d ful d, k rv. ro a , 2 F.d2 6, 8(t Ci. 0 0 , . d j8016 4B)2, auev. r c d r l ea t Ba e Co c rn 2 0 3 7 28 4h r 2 0 ) Va Co e . -5 ( ( )Te a y e L n ,4 9U. 28 ,2 79 (9 ) a dMa g h sn td mo srtd go n st e c s hsd fut Coe nv. a e 8 S. 8 9 -9 1 89, n n um a o e ntae ru d o x u e i ea l lma , Tho s n 5 U. 7 2, 5 (9 l. c r n l,h c u tid ta a yn w cam i b re fo fdea h b a mp o , 0l S. 2 7 0 1 9 ) Ac odigy te o r fn s h t n e li s ard rm e rl a e s r ew. evi 7

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