Proctor v. Director, Department of Corrections, No. 7:2011cv00202 - Document 32 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 9/19/2011. (tvt)

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CLERK' oF cEu s Dl . couv S Fl sT ,. . I TH E UN I N TED STA TES DI STR I T C O U R T C FO R TH E W ESTE RN D I STR I T O F VIR G INIA C RO AN O K E DIVISIO N . A DN L v T A MZk A nt oT' k) c o o r SEP 13 2 1 21 J W; c. DUDLE C X EP ER I DEA N PR O CTO R , N Petti i oner, C i lA cton N o.7: cvvi i 11- 00202 V. M EM O R AN D U M O PI O N NI DI RECTO R, DEPARTM EN T OF CO RR EC TIO N S, Res pondent . CL ERK By: H on.Jacks L.K i e on sr Se or U nied St esD i t c Judge ni t at s ri t Ern D e Pr t r a V igi a i a e pr e ng pr K ,f l d a pe ii f r a wr tof i an oc o , r ni nm t oc edi o ie tton o i ha ascopus purua t 28U. C.j225 be r , s nt o S. 4.Peii ra g t therceve i f tve ttone r ues ha e i d nefeci a s s a e ofc m s la t tt t i c t r e by adm itng c r a n evi e. R e ponde s i t nc ot e nd ha he ral our e r d ti e t i denc s nt fl d a m oton t di m i s a pe ii ne fl a m o i t am e wihouta r pons ,m a ng t ie i o s s , nd tt o r ied ton o nd t es e ki he m a t rrpe f di pos ton. A f e r vi i t r or ldim i st pe ii te i or s ii t r e ew ng he ec d, s s he tt on. On Se em ber 1 2008, he Ci c tCou tf t Ciy ofLync pt 2, t r ui r or he t hbur ent r d pe ii ne ' g e e tt o r s c i na j me f a rvae malci wo nga blr ay.TheCic tCour rmi ludg nt or gga td i ous undi nd zglr r ui t s nt nc d pe ii rt a a i t r oft e p f yea s i pr s nm e . Pe ii ra e e e ttone o n d ve e m w nt our r ' m i o nt ttone ppea e ld hi c s onvi tonst t Cour ofAppe l ofV igi a w hi h afi m ed hi c ci o he t as r ni , c fr s onvi tons on Apr l1 ci i , 2009. Pe ii ttonera al t t Supr m e Cou ofV i g ni , whi r f s d hi pe ii f ppe ed o he e rt ri a ch e u e s tton or a alon Se e ber11 2009.Pr t pr s nt o is i hi a al:whe he t ti c t ppe ptm , oc or e e ed ne s ue n s ppe s t r he ral our er d b a ti a ti lt pr lm i r he rng t tmony oft vitm . Peii ne di not r e y dmitng t ra he e i na y a i esi he c i tto r d pe ii t Sum e e Co to t U nie St t s f a wrtofce tor r . tton he m ur f he t d a e or i ri a i On M a c 7,201 pe ii ne fl d a s a e ha spe ii n w ih t Ci c tCo t whi h rh 0, tt o r ie t t bea tt o t he r ui ur , c di m i ed t pett on on t m er t on Jul 14, 201 ( .no. )3. Peii ra aldt s ss he ii he is y 0. Pet( 1 ) ttone ppe e he K dim is lt t Supr s s a o he eme Cour ofVigi a.Howe r t Supr m eCour ofV igi a dim is d t r ni ve , he e t r ni s s e t a a onJ nuay 18, 1 be us peiine fie t compl wihVa Sup. . 5:7() he ppe l a r 201 , ca e tto r ald o y t . CtR. 1 c, whi h r ui e a pe ii f a alt as e ts ii a s gnm e s ofe r i t l e c ts c eq r s tton or ppe o s r pec f c s i nt r or n he ow r our ' rzilj llrd. Pe ii rsg d t si t , ede a peii on Aprl9,2011 a ave svi t f m ttone i ne hi nsant f r l tton i , nd r a he or pe ii t the de ie i i o t prs m aii s t m o A pr l15, 1 How e r tton ha pos t d t nt he i on lng ys e n i 201 . ve , pe ii rm a l d t tpe ii t t U nie St t D i t i tCo tf t Eas e n D i ti tof ttone ie ha tton o he t d a es sr c ur or he t r sr c Vigni (l sen Ditit u t) whc wa rt r e t h m, r s ma l a u eiea l, r i a ç t r src Co r' , ih s eu n d o i p e u b y s nd lv rbe Ea ' bec us he m a l d i t t wr a e s a e ie t o he ong ddr s . On Aprl25,2011 pe ii rwr eac rlte and i l d i i t peii whih i , ttone ot ove et r nc ude t n he tton, c t c t ec ve on M a 2, 1 i one e l he our r ei d y 201 , n nveope. Peii re ansi t cove lte t the ttone xpl i n he r e t r ha pr vi l m a l d hi pe ii t t Ea t r D i ti tCour and i w asr t ne t hi . The e ous y ie s tton o he s e n s rc t t e ur d o m e l pea es e t t sc tsClr bea sadae sa ofAprl29, 1 nve o ddr s d o hi our' e k r t t mp i 201 . I t i t ntpe ii pe ii ra l est f l w i cl m s n he ns a tt on, ttone leg he olo ng ai : ( A) Co n e wa ie fcief rfiigt o j c t t ea miso o t ev ci ' u s l s n fe tv o al o b e t o h d sin f h it s n m pr lm i r hea i t s i o on t gr e i na y rng e tm ny he oundst ts a i s on vi a e hi ha uch dm s i ol t d s rghtt c r nthi ac us r i o onf o s c e; ( B) Couns lwasi fe tvef fii t i ac t docorstsi e nefci or alng o mpe h he t ' e tmonyrgadi e r ng t esg ika c a dp r n nc o t evci ' ij re ; h in t n e n e ma e y f h itm s nu is Co s l si fe t f rfiigt o j c t t a miso o t 91 tpeo un e wa nef ci o al o b e t o he d sin f he 1 a n ve n t gr he ound t tpa t ofi hadbee e as a ha rs t n r ed; nd ( D) Thetilcour erdi bypemitngt Commonwe lht a tt vitm' ra t re n r ti he at o dmi he ci s t tm ony f om t pr lm i r he rng. es i r he e i na y a i Re ponde fl d am oton t dim iso J y 13, 1 a pe ii s nt ie i o s s n ul 201 , nd ttonerfl d amoton t ie i o am end t petton on A ugust9t w hen he s he depost t m oton i t prson' m aii he ii h, ays ied he i n he i s lng s t . ys em l 1. PETI ONER D l N OT TI ELY FI H l FEDERAL PETI ON. TI D M LE S TI Ha a p tto sfldu d rj2 5 aes be tt ao ey a peid o l tto 28 be s eiin ie n e 2 4 r u jc o n - e r ro f i ain. mi U. C.j2244( ( )1Ge r1y,hi pe i be nst nm fom t daeonwhiht j me t S. d)1 . nea1 t s rod gi o r he t c he udg n 2 ofc ci bec sfnal Se 28U. C.j2244( ( )A) A co ci be omesfna onc onviton ome i . e S. d)1( . nviton c i l e t a ia lt ofdie tr vi w i e use he val biiy r c e e s xha t d.Se Unie St t sv.Clv,537 U. 522,524 e td ae a S. ( ) Howe r t oneye rflngpei i t ldwhiea i t sd o ryfld 2003 . ve ,he - a ii rod s ole l n nmae' ' pel ie pr a i ai f St t pos- onviton o o he c lt r lr viw 'i ' pplc ton or a e tc c i r t r ola e a e e s ' pendi ' 28 U. C. ng. S. j2244( ( .Se W alv.Khol, 09- 68 562U. d)2) e l iNo. 8 , S. ,2011U. LEXI 1 6, t*27, S. S 90 a 2011W L 767700,a *1 ( a .7,2011 ( s usi pr e di t tquaiya c lt a t 0M r ) dic sng oc e ngs ha lf s olaerl rviw) e e . Peii rsj2254peii i untmeyunde j2244( ( )A) ttone ' c ci ttone ' tton s i l r d)1( .Peii rs onviton be n e fnalon D e em ber 1 2009,w he t tm e e r d f pe ii rt s e a wr tof cm i c 0, n he i xpie or ttone o e k i ceto aifom t Unie Stt SuprmeCour.Se U. Sup. .R.1 1 (ttnga lnt rir r r he td aes e t e S. Ct 34 ) sai ppela mus fl ap tto f rawrto c rir r wi nnn t d yso j g n b iga p ae ) t i eiin o e i f eto ai t iey a f ud me t en p e ld . hi 1Theone - y a p ro o l tto frfln ah be sp tt nu d rj2 4b gn t r no telts o fu d ts e r eid f i ain o i g a a eii n e 25 e is o u n h aet f o r ae : mi i o ( ted t o whc t j g n b cmefn l ytec n lso of ie t e iw o tee piaino te A) h ae n ih he ud me t e a ia b h o cu in drc r ve r h x rt fh o tm ef s ki s h r e ; i or ee ng uc eviw ( ted t o whc tei dme totl ga a pl aince tdb Saea t ni voaino te B)h ae n ih h mpe i n t ii n p i to rae y tt ci n ilto f h n c o Consiutonorl oft UniedStt si r m ove i t applc ntwa prve e fom flngby s h tt i aws he t a e s e d, f he ia s e ntd r ii uc St t a i n; a e cto ( ted t o whc tec nsiuin lih a sre wa iiil rc g ie b teSu rmeCo l,fte C) h ae n ih h o ttto a rg t setd s ntal e o nz d y h p e y u' i h t rg ha be n ne y r c ni d byt Supr meCour a ma r r tvey applc bl t c s on iht s e wl e og ze he e t nd de etoaci l ia e o a es c l e a r viw ;or olatr l e e ( t d t o whihtefcu l rdct o tecam o camsp ee e c udh v b e dso ee D)he ae n c h a ta pe iae f h li r li r sntd o l a e e n ic v rd t ough t exe c s ofdue dii e. hr he r i e lgenc 2 U.. j2 4 d ()A)( . 8 SC. 2 4()1( -D) 2Peiine d dn tagu tmei s u e s b e to s( t r u h ( .( e '' M o t Ame d ( . )Ex. . tt r i o r e i l s nd r u s ci n B) h o g D) P trs t o n no 29 o ne F) . Pe ii rfl hi sa ehabe spe ii o M a c 7,201 8 da afe hi convito ttone ied s t t a tton n r h 0, 6 ys tr s c in be a fnal ( t 3. TheCic tCour dimis dt peiin onJ y 1 201 a peii r c me i . Pe. ) rui t s se he tto ul 4, 0, nd ttone a ae ppe l d. How e r t tm e pe ii r sha a a alw a pe ng bef e t Supr m e Cou tof ve , he i ttone ' be s ppe s ndi or he e r Vi gi a doesnott lt s at e oflm ia i be a e onl pr l fl d a i tonsf r ni ol he t ut i t tons c us y opery- ie pplca i or c l t r lr vi w t lt f der ls a ut oflm ia i . lpr pe l fl d' m e nsan a i a i f r ola e a e e ol he e a t t e i t tons t o ry ie ' a pplc ton o c ltr lrviw i t lve g a a e a eg ...i c inc wiht a i bl l olae a e e s i i redl nd cc ptnc dl n ompla e t he pplca e aws de a r esgove i flngs The eus ly pr c i ,f e m pl t f r oft doc e nd ul m ng ii . s ual es rbe or xa e, he o m he um nt gndjt tmelmisuponisdei r .... Aruzv. nne' 531U. 4,8( a he i i t t lvey ' y Be t, ' t S. 2000) Vigi a . r ni SuprmeCour Rul 5:7()r quiesa a la t ls Asi nt ofEror a tl ihou e t e 1 c e r n ppelnt o it sgnme s r , nd swjt t s h a ls a he ng,t pe ii doesnotm e tt r r d f m oft pe ii n f r a a . uc i t nd adi he tton e he equie or he tto o ppe l' ' Chrsinv. kevil 232F.Supp.2d605,607( D. 2001) c r.ofa l lt d e ita Bas r le, E. Va. , e t ppeaabiiy enid, 47F. x200( h Ci. ) Theefr t saut oflmiai bega r nni o J y15 App' 4t r 2001 . r oe,he tt e i ttons n u ng n ul , 2010, he da a rt Ci c tCour dim i s d t sa e habe pe ii a no i J t y he he r ui t s s e he t t as tton nd t n anua y 2011 r w he t Su e e Cour ofV i gi a di m i s d t a n he pr m t r ni s s e he ppea . l A lho h pe ii ne s a eson t i t n pe ii t the de ied i i t prs m a l t ug tto r t t he ns a t tton ha post t n he i on i s t m on A prl 1 2011 pe ii ' l te c e ry s st tpe ii di notpr pe l fl t ys e i 5, , ttoner s e t r l a l how ha tton d o ry ie he peii n a y e rirt n Aprl25,2011.$ a ia i i çie 'ast ttr i c monl tto n a le ha i $ pplc ton s tld, ha e m s om An y unde sood,whe i i delver d t a ac e e by, hea o it co tofi e f pl e nt rt n t s i e o, nd c pt d t ppr pra e ur fc r or ac me i o t ofi i lr c d. Arlz,531U. a 8. Alhough pe ii rm a ha ha d hi pe ii nt he tc a e or ' tz ' S. t t ttone y ve nde s tton t pr son offci s f m aii t t East n D i ti Courton Aprl 15t , pettoneradm ishi o i i al or lng o he er sr ct i h ii t s pe ii w a ne rac e e by t tcour ' Cl r l t d, pett onerr ved t pett on back tton s ve c pt d ha ts e k. ns ea ii ecei he ii a ga i t prs n ofi a sno e rirt n Aprl25h f rma lngt t sc tsCl r W hie nd ve t o io fcil a le ha i t o ii o hi our' e k. l peii be ft fom Housonv.La k, U. 266,276( 988) a Rul 3( oft Rul ttoner neis r t c 487 S. 1 , nd e d) he es Goveni j2254Cas f havi hi peii c i rdfldwhe heha it prs r ng es or ng s tton onsdee ie n nds t o ion ofi i st m al t be fti r ogni d whe pe ii rmaisi t ava i a e swhe et fcal o i, he ne i s ec ze n ttone l to ld ddr s r he Cl r m a a c ptorac ek y c e know l edge isr c ptf flng. Acc di y, ttone ' Apr l1 h t e ei or ii or ngl pe ii r s i 5t atmptdo no qualf asaprpel fldfde a peii f j2244,a Aprl25, 1,st te es t iy o ry ie e r l tton or nd i 201 i he da e hepr pe l f l d hi f de alha a pe ii n. A not 284 da r n be w e n J y 15, 0, t o ry ie s e r be s tto her ys a t e ul 201 t da a t rt Cicui Cour di m i s d t s a e ha aspe ii a A pr l25, 1, he he y f e he r t t s s e he t t be tton, nd i 201 w n pe ii rpr ry tl d hi f r pe ii The 28 da pe i a ttone ope l i e s ede al tton. 4 y r od dded t t 8 day pe i o he 6 r od t t s370da be we n when hi c ci be amefnala hefl d t i t ntf r lha a o al ys t e s onviton c i nd ie he nsa ede a be s pe ii A c r ngl pe ii r f ie t tm el fl t i t ntpe ii a lm us dim i si tton. co di y, ttone a l d o i y ie he ns a tton, nd t s s t unl sle tbl t lt saut oflm ia i es quia y ol he t t e i ttons Equia et lng i a ia e onl i dhos r r i t nce whe e- due t cic sa e tbl oli s val bl y n ' e a e nsa s t r o r um tnc s e e na t t pa t sown c xtr l o he ry' ondud - i woul beunc dona et e or et lm ia i pe i t d ons bl o nf c he i t ton rod a ans t epat a d gos ij te wo drs l. Ro s v. e 3 9F.d2 , 4 ( t Ci. g i t h ry n r s nusie ul e ut' u e Le , 3 3 38 2 6 4h r ' 2003)( ba )(ntr lquo ai maksomit ( tngHarsv. c ns 209F. 3 0 nc i ena tton r ted) cii ri Huthi on, 3d 25, 330( hCi. ).Me elc ofkno e a l alpr es ort saut yde dlnef 4t r 2000) r a k wldge bout eg oc s he tt or a i or f de alha asr i doesnots e r be elef uppor gr ntng s h e r di r r i . Se H a r s 209 F. a t a i uc xtaor na y elef e r i , 3d t 330.Furhe m or ,Ido notfnd a exta di r cr um sa si t sr c dt tpr ve e t r e i ny r or na y ic t nce n hi e or ha e nt d pe ii rf om f lng a tm el pe ii Se e. ., U nie St t s v. a 364 F. 507, 51 (t ttone r ii i y tton. e, g t d a e Sos , 3d 2 4h Ci.2004)( o. sausa i a oft 1w doe no j tf e tbl t lng) Tur rv. r pr K tt nd gnornce he a s t usiy quia e oli ; ne J on,1 F. 390,392( t Ci.1 ( i t tunfmiirt wiht lw d t ohns 77 3d 5h r 999) notng ha n laiy t he a ue o ilt r c orpr > sausdoesnot ol lmiai pei .Peii rha s r y r t lie a y o t tt t li ttons rod) ttone d eveal eas o . . di c rt c r tm a lng a es ,c d ha i t a l m aie i t t s c t orc d ha no s ove he or ec ii ddr s oul ve nii ly l d t o hi our , oul ve t w aied untlt l s f da oft lm ia i pe i t m a lhi f r pe ii A c or ng y,l t i he a t ew ys he i t tons rod o i s ede al tton. c di l fnd t tpe ii rf l d hi f der lhabe s pe ii n be nd t one- a sa ut oflm ia i ns i ha ttone ie s e a a tto yo he ye r t t e i t to , peii ttoneri no e ild t e t bl t lng,a t pe ii n m us be dimi s s t ntte o quia e oli nd he tto t s s ed. B. THE UNTI ELY PETI ON M OOTS PETI ONER' M OTI TO A M END,W HI I U NTI M TI TI S ON CH S MELY EVEN I THE PETI ON WASTI ELY FI F TI M LED. On A ugus 9,2011 pe ii rm aied t t c thi m oton t a e b w hi he t , ttone l o he our s i o m nd, y ch w a st a a ne c ai t hi f r ha spe ii Pe ii ra g i t s ne c ai t t nt o dd w l m o s ede al bea tton. ttone r ues n hi w l m ha t vi tm ' me a c tonswe ewihhel fo hi a hi couns lbef eti land s d he ci s nt l ondii r t d r m m nd s e or ra houl ha be a es e dur ng ti l Pe ii rcl i st vi tm i s hi ophr c, a s voi es a ve en ddr s d i r a . ttone a m he c i s c z eni he r c , nd t voi st lhi t do a e s ve t ngs Pe ii r a gue t tt vi tm ' m e a hea t he ce el m o ggr s i hi . ttone r s ha he c i s nt l lh condii ar i w l di c r d e de .' tons e t y s ove e vi nce ' ne Pe ii ra t hed t hi m oto t vi i ' una hen i t m en alhe t co ula i ttone tac o s i n he ctm s ut tca ed t alh ns t ton r por d i hi sa i ahos t la trpeii rc us d hi sgni a nec wo e t urng s t y n pia fe ttone a e m i fc nt k unds The . una he i a e r co d r f e t t t d i t c ula i t vi tm a it t ta m e a ut nt c t d e r e l c s ha , ur ng he ons t ton, he c i dm ted ha nt l he lh c i cin dignos hi a s hi phr ni t ye r e ri rbec us hehe z vo c sa t at lni a a ed m s c zo e c wo a s a le a e a d i e nd he voi est d hi t do a r s i t ngs. c ol m o gg e s ve hi Fe r lRul ofCi lPr ed e 1 a( )pemisapat t a ndispl di onc a a de a e vi oe ur 5()1 r t ry o me t ea ng e s m at rofc s wihi 21da ofs r ng t pl a ng o Ift pl a ng i onet whi h a te our e t n ys e vi he e di r d he e di s i o c r ponsvepla ng i r r 21da afe s r c ofar ponsvepl a ng o 21da afe es i e di s equied, ys tr e vi e es i e di r ys tr sl c ofamotont rRul 1 b) () or() whihe ri e ri . l apa t s e t a nd ewie i mde e 2( , e , t, c ve s a ler' f ry e ks o me ' ispla ngsi a lot rc es i m a onl do s wih t opposngpa t sm it n co e o t t e di n l he as , t y y o t he i ry' te ns nt r he co tsla 3A cour s dfe l gvel vewhe j tc s r uiesa e s ra o ur' e ve. t houl rey i ea n usie o eq r bs nt ome e s n ts h asundue de ay, d f t or dia or m otve on t pa toft m o nt r pe t d f iur t çuc l ba aih lt y i he r he va , e a e a l e o c r d fce ce b a n me t p e o syalwe u d eprj iet t o p sn p ryb u e eiin is y me d n s rviu l l d, n u eudc o he p o ig a t y o vit ofa l nc oft a e rue lowa e he m ndmentorf iiyoft a e utlt he m ndment.... Fo a v. vi , ' m n Da s 371 ' U. 1 ,18 ( 96 (ii Fe R.Ci P.1 a( ) ç oi t a nda ec S. 78 2 1 2) ctng d. v. 5()2). t tons o me r ommitdt t M te o he dicei oft tilcotr. le v. i Geo gesCnt ,923F. 30,33( h Ci.1 ) s rton he ra lt' lr Prnce r ' y. 'Ke 2d 4t r 991. P t in rsmo int n n i s b e tt mya p o a b c u eh d dn tfl iwihnte21 ei o e ' to o me d s u j c o t p rv l ea s e i o i t ti h e da pe i 1de t m o i t a e asf ie bec us t pe ii he s kst a e i y rod. ny he ton o m nd utl a e he tton ee o m nd s untm el i y. Howe r e n i t pe ii wa tm ey tl d,t n ndm e i t i y fl d b ve , ve f he tton s i l ie he me nt s mtmel ie y s ve a m o hs O nc t s a ut oflm ia i e r d, ttone m a a e t pe ii onl i e r l nt . , he t t e i t tons xpie pe ii r y m nd he tton y f e t n ndme teltsba k't t daeoft orgna pl di Fed.R.Ci P.15Q.An he me nt s ae o 'o he t he ii l ea ng. r v. ( n nde pl di rlt ba ki t orgi la a me d ea ng eaes e f he i na nd mende pl di (a lqeou oft c d ea ngs Cris t he ondud, ta ac i or oc ur enc s tout- o a t m pt d t be s tout-n t or gi lpl di .' L . r ns ton, c r e e - r te e o e - i he i na ea ng ' q - Howe r anS me dha speii ... sno r aeba kt t e e c peAEDPA' ve , s nde bea tton doe t elt c and herby s a n S oneye rtmelmi)whe i a s rsanew goundf rle s - a i i t n t set r or eif uppore byfcst tdifri bot td a t ha fe n h tm e a t oft e t or g na pl adi s tf t .' M a l v. lx, 45U. 6 4 6 0( 0 5 . i nd ype hos he i i l e ng e orh ' v e Fei 5 S. 4 , 5 2 0 ) Se Unie Sttsv. tma 209F. 31 31 ( hCi.2000)(1 fc t ta ndedcli e td ae Pit n, 3d 4, 8 4t r $ a t ha me The ams a iesfom t s m etila s nt nci pr e ng a t o i na m o i n doe notmea t t rs r he a ra nd e e ng oc edi s he rgi l to s n ha 3 Repo d n h sn i e c n e tdn ro jce t peio e,moi t a n s n e t a et r o sne o b etd o tin rs t o me d. h t on t a n e camsr lt b c f rp r o e o Rul 1 ()' ; b e v M c ah, 43F.d he me d d li eae a k o u p s s f e 5 c .) He n r . Grt 5 3 ' 1 ( h Ci. )(( i note 133,9t r 2008 1t s 1 nought tt ne agumen pe ti t t s meti , ha he w r t rans o he n ral c ci orsntnce. Peii rdi notr s a cam i hi orgi fde a peii a onviton, e e ' ttone d aie ny li n s i nal e r l tton bout ). t c pa iy orc edi lt oft vi tm . The e or pe ii r sa e m e doe nota ie f om a he a c t r biiy he c i r f e, ttone ' m nd nt s rs r c omm on c eofope a i f t a i a et t orgi pe ii Ac or ngl pe ii rfl d or r tve ac s pplc bl o he i nal tton. c di y, ttone ie hi a nd e be s me m nt yond t sa ut oflm iai ,4t e am endmen doesnotr l t ba k t t dae he t t e i t tons h t e ae c o he t oft or g na pe ii a Ide t m oton t am e he i i l tton, nd ny he i o nd. P TTO RPR E E II NE OC DURAL YDE AU T D CL MS( ,B) A ( . L F L E AI A) ( , ND C) A f der lc tl a no gr nta m i ofha asc pus t pettone i s a e cus od unl s e a our ' y t a m t be or o ii r n t t t y es t pe ii rhasfr te use hi sae r medisb pr entnghi c am st t hi s sa e he ttone is xha t d s t t e e y es i s l i o he ghe t t t c u t'Ba rv. r o a , 2 F.d2 , 8( t Ci. 0 0 .Se 28U. C. 2 44 o r. ke Co c r n 2 0 3 76 28 4h r 2 0 ) e ' S. j 25 b) ( mandai e usi .Thepur eofe usi i t gi ttt co t af la f r tng xha ton) pos xha ton s o ve t ae urs ul nd ai s opporuniy t r ol f r lc tt i lc ai s be or t e c a m s a e pr ent d t t t t o es ve ede a ons iutona l m f e hos l i r es e o he fde a e t. O' lva v. rke , U. S3S, ( 999) Thee usinr quie n e < l ours' Suli n Boev l 526 S. 846 1 . ' xha to e rme t i s tsi d by fndi t tt t s nta l lt ore a f c uala l a i a nc d i f de a s aife i ng ha he t e il ega he i s nd a t leg tons dva e n e r l es c u t. .a e t s mea tos a v n e a la t nc t t eh g e tsaec r. Pr et o r . (rq he a s h e d a c d t e s o e o h ih s tt ou t' u t v. ' Th mp o , 71F. u p.1 2 1 6( D. . 99 4 afd, 9 F.d 1 6 (t Ci.1 9 ) o sn 7 S p 4 8, 43 E. Va 1 1 , f 9 6 2 5 0 4h r 9 3 ( tngPiadv. nnor 404U.S.270,275- ( 971 Theef e, ttonermus prs ntboh cii c r Co , 76 1 $. r or peii t ee t t s m ea g e a f t ls he a r um nt nd acua uppor t t sae c r pro t flng t c am wih a f de a t o he t t ou t i r o ii he l i t e rl c t Ande s v. l s 459U.S.4,6- ( 982) our. ron Hares, 71 . 4Peii rdoe no sat whe hedic edt i onnai butalgest i o m ai waskep fom hi a hi ttone s tt e n s over he nf ton le he nf r ton tr m nd s couns lpr -ral Theef e t ltre ntf j2244 f rt scli woul bewhenhi c ci bec fna i e eti . r or , he ae ve or o hi am d s onviton ame i l n De mbe 2009 i t d ofwhe hi ti occ r e i 2008. ce r nsea n s ral u r d n 8 Pei o rp e e td Cli ( t t eS p e Co r o Vign ai hsdr c a p a tt ne r sn e am D) o h u r me u t f r ii n i ie t p e l i f l ng t C o tofA ppea s ofV igi a a fr i hi co c i H ow e r pe ii rhas olowi he ur l r ni f im ng s nvi ton. ve , ttone ne rprs nedCl m ( t t Supr Co tofVigi a.t cai t tha notbee ve e e t ai A) o he eme ur r ni 1 l m ha s A n pr e e t t hi he tsa e c 'ne rhels m a beteaed a e es nt d o he g s tt oul ve t e s y r t s xhause i i i ce rt tt t t d f t s la ha he cl i w o d be pr dur l ba r d unde s a e l w i t pe ii r a t m pt d t pr s nti t t am ul oce aly r e r t t a f he ttone te e o e e t o he saec t' Bw ysComprn,220F. 276,288( hCi.2000)(ii Grvv. t ra tt our. kçr ' g 3d 4t r ctng a Nehe lnd, 51 U. 1 2,1 ( 996).tg-heexha to rquie ntf camsnotfil pr e tdt t 8 S. 5 61 1 ) û-j l usin e rme or li ary es ne o he sa e' hi s cour i t cm ialy me whe . . sa epr edur lr ewoul ba co i ai n i t t s ghe t t s e l c l t n . a tt oc a ul d r nsder to f t cam wa ltrpr e edt t saeco t' Mat v. t,1 F. 907,911( 997) he li s ae es nt o he tt ur. thews Evat 05 3d ' 1 (iai o te . cttons mitd) Vigi aCodej8. 1654( ( pr dest asaehabe peii mus c analt r ni 0 - B)2) ovi hat tt as tton t onti lhe a l ga i a f c s ofwhi h a e know n t t pe ii ra t tm e off lng. Sec i 8. le tons nd a t c r o he ttone t he i ii ton 01 654( ( alopr bist grntngofa ha aspeii bas o algai t tc dha B)2) s ohi t he a i ny be tton ed n le tons ha oul ve bee prs ntdbyt peii ra t tmeofhi prvi peii Thus Vigi aCodej8. n ee e he ttone t he i s e ous tton. , r ni 01 65 B)2)basc i rtonofCli A i peii rnow ti t prs nti i saec t Se 4( ( r onsdeai am f ttone res o e e t n tt our. e Ba s tev. o s n 91 F.d9 2 9 7 (t Ci.1 9 )( ic s ig j80 - 5 B)2 a a set Th mp o , 5 2 3 , 3 4h r 9 0 ds u sn .1 6 4( () s pr e alba) Ac di y, te tCli A a tc c l e use bec us peii ri now oc dur r. cor ngl 1 ra am s e hnialy xha td a e ttone s pr e a l ba r f om pz e i i i s a e c t oc dur ly r ed r es ntng t n t t our . Peii rpr s ntdCl ms( a ( t t SuprmeCour ofVigi ai hi ha as ttone e e e ai B) nd C) o he e t r ni n s be a a f o t Cic tCo t Howe r pe ii rpr ed al de a t Cl m sB a C whe ppe l r m he r ui ur . ve , ttone oc ur ly f uled ai nd n hef l t c ywih Supr meCour ofVigi aRul 5:7() f r ha scam i aied o ompl t e t r ni e 1 c .A edeal bea li s p oc dur l de a t d w he . s a e co thasde i d t c i rt cl i ' m ert on t ba i r e aly f ule n I t t ur a clne o ons de he a m s is he s s ofa ade t a i pende saepr e alr e. He i v.Tr 443F. 342,359( h n quae nd nde nt tt oc dur ul ' drck ue, 3d 4t Ci. ) A saecour' fndi ofpr e aldea ti e ildt apr umpto of r 2006 . tt ts i ng oc dur ful s ntte o es in c re te s p o ie t f u ai n l e uie nsaeme.S e2 U. C. 2 5 4 Clno orcn s, r vd d wo o nd to a r q rme t r t e 8 S. j 2 4 *; a t n v.M unc 845F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 ) Fis,t saec tmus e iil rl ont y, 2d 238, 241 4t r 988 . rt he tt our t xplcty ey he pr ed algr oc ur ound t de pe ii rr le . See Y 1tv. ne ake ,5 U . 797,8 03 o ny ttone e i f s Nun m r 01 S. 02- ( 991;Harsv.Ree 489U. 255, 61( 98 .Se 1 ) ri d, S. 259- 1 9) cond,t saepr e a r l usdt he tt oc dur l ue e o de a tpe ii rs c a m m us be a i pe f ul ttone ' l i t n nde nden a ad t nd equa e s a e gr t t t ound f de ng r i . or nyi elef Se For v.Ge zi 498U. 411 423- ( 991,Hars 489U. a 260. e d or a, S. , 24 1 ) ri, . S. t ForCli ( a ( ,t SuprmeCour ofVigi adeci dt e e t npeiine' ams B) nd C) he e t r ni lne o ntrai tto rs a p a s cfc l b c us hefie t c mp ywihisRu e5:7c .Rue5:7 c i a a e u t p e l pe iial e a e ald o o l t t l 1 () l 1 ( ) s n d q ae y a i e nde saegr f de ngrle.He ikv. ue 443F. 3 360- ( h Ci. nd nd pe nt tt ound or nyi eif drc Tr , 3d 42, 63 4t r 2006) . W he a c ai i pr edur ly de a t d,a dit i tc rt a notr vi t ba r cl i n l m s oc a l f ule s rc ou m y e ew he r ed a m a s n as o n o c u ea prj dc o af n a n a mic rig o j tc .Ha s 48 b e t h wig f a s nd eu ie r u d me tl sara e f usie ni , 9 U. a 26 SeeColma v.Thomps n,501U. 722,753- ( 991;Cl av.Mura 9l S. t 2. e n o S. 54 1 ) ozz ry, 3 F.d 1 9 ,1 0 (t Ci. 9 ) A c u t o sn t e dt c n ie teis o p eudc i t e 2 0 2 1 4 4h r 1 90 . o r d e o n e o o sd r h sue f rj ie n h a e eofc us SeeKor lr v. t,66F.d 1350,1359( hCi.1 .Pettone does bs nc a e. nalens Evat 3 4t r 995) ii r n tp e e ta ycam o c us , rj ie o afnd me tl s ara o j tc .Ac o dn l, o r sn n li f a e p eudc , r u a n a mic rige f usie c r igy l tndt tpeiine i note e fom pr e al defuli cams( ,( ,a ( ,a l i ha tto r s xcus d r oc durly a tng li A) B) nd C) nd di m i st m . s s he 10 D. THE SUPREME COURT OFV I NI SREJ CT ON OF CL M D D OESN OT ENT TL RGI A' E I AI I E PETI ONER TO FEDERAL H ABEAS RELI TI EF. Fe a coursgrntha srle ' y o t gr t tghepeii r i i c t i derl t a bea eifl onl n he ound ha t ttone l s n usody n vi ai oft Consiutonorlwsorte tesoft Unie Stt . 28U. C.j2254() Afe olton he tt i a rai he td aes' S. a. tr a s a e c r addr s ed t m ert ofa c ai al o r i e i a f de alhabe pe ii a f der l t t ou t e s he is l m s as d n e r as tton, e a c u t yn tg a t h p t in u ls t esaec ur' a j dc to so acam i c n rr t , r o r ma o rn t e ei o ne s h tt o t du iain f li s o tay o o t s a un e ona e a i ton of cl a l e t bls d f de all w ,o ba e on a unr as bl n r as bl pplca i , e r y s a ihe e r a r s d n e ona e deemi tonoft fcs 28U. C.j2254( tr nai he a t. S. *. The e ua i ofw he he a s a e c ' de i i i ' ont a y t 'or' n unr as bl val ton t r t t oul c son s ' r r o' s t c a e ona e a i to of' ede a l w i bas on a i pe ntr vi w of e c s a r W ila sv. pplca i n f r l a s ed n nde nde e e a h t nda d. li m Tavl ,529U. 36 41 1 ( or S. 2, 2- 3 2000) A saec td tr nai i dontayt 'e r 1w i i . tt our eemi ton s d rr o'fdeala f t c t ri sa ac usonoppost t t tr c dby (heUnie Stt Supr qCour ona d rve t oncl i a ie o ha ea he t td aes eme t quesi oflw ori t saec tde i sac edif e l t n gheUnie Stt Su e j ton a f he tt our cde as fernty ha t td aes prme Cour hason a s tofm a e i l i s i uiha e f t . ila s 529 U . a 41 A f de a t e t raly nditng s bl ac s ' li m , 'W S. t 3. e r l c t a a s i s t wrtunde t d rr a ona ea i a i 'c a ei t f er lco ttnds our m y lo s ue he i r he ' te s bl pplc ton' l us f he ed a ur i u t tt saeco tdde ii st c r tgoveni lga prndpl fo gheSuprme Co ts ha he tt ur d ntte he orec i r ng e l i e r m t e ) ur' de i butunras dsons e onabl a i t tprncpl t t fcsoft prs rsc e. J Thi y pples ha i i e o he a t he ione' as ' /, s ' . r a o a lne ssa d r i a o j dieo e.JJ a 41 A Vign ac u tsfn ig c n o b e s n be s tn ad s n b e v n -. t 0. r ii o r' i dn s a n t e IS . dee ed unr s bl m e e y bec us i doesnotc t e t bls d U nie St t Supr m e Cou t m ea ona e r l a et ie s a i he t d a es e r pr c nton an i s i t r s tr a hed i notc r t t tes a i hed pr ce nt Se e ede s ue f he e ul e c s ont my o ha t bls e de . e Mic lv.Es ra,540U. 1 1 ( thel paz S. 2, 6 2003) Furhemor Ia)saec tfcua deemi ton . t r e,l tt-our a t l tr nai g i no unr as bl m e el be us t f de a ha asco tw oul have r c a dif r nt s t e ona e r y ca e he e r l be ur d ea hed f e e c l i i t frti tnc ' W oo v. ln,55 U. oncuson n he is nsa e. d Ale 8 S. , ,1 S. .841 849(a 20, 30 Ct , Jn. 201 ) A f rlc t e e ngahabe speiin ' e u s t gttjc tsf t lfndi 0 . edea our r viwi a tto d s merl he sae our' acua i ngs pr t bes t e sg ttonelrbut 'hepr umptonofc r t s bycla a c ncng o ound mls peii r e s t es i orecne s e r nd onvi i e de e.' Mil - v.Dr t 545U. 231 240( )( i 28U. C.j225 e)1) vi nc ' lerEl eke, S. , 2005 quotng S. 4( ( ). Se e. , nzv. a hi t 444F. 295,300- (t Ci.2006) naly,te e unde e, g.Le W s ngon, 3d 01 4h r .Fi l C viw r r j2 5 ( )1 i l tdt terc r t a wa b f r t esaec u tha a j d c tdtecam o 2 4 d ( ) s i e o h e o d h t s e oe h tt o r t t du iae h li n mi t meis' Cule v. nholtr he rt. ln Pi se , ' 1 S. .1 ( ) 31 Ct 388 2011 . I Cli D,pe ii rar n am ttone guest tt ti c te r d by a itng t vi tm ' ha he ral our re dm ti he c i s pr lm i r hea i t s i ony,w hi a l ge y vi a e hi r g t c r thi a c e . e i na y rng e tm ch le dl ol t d s i ht o onf on s c us r Pe ii rbele t the di notha s f c e o ttone i ves ha d ve uf i i nt pporuniy t c os - xa i t vi tm a ut t t o r s e m ne he c i bo t e e ofhi ij i be a epeii rwasltrc r df aggrvae maii womdi he xtnt s nures c us ttone ae hage or a td lcous t ng, w hi r qui e t Com m onw e 1h ofV igi a t pr s g fca i pe m a nti pa r ent ch e r d he at r ni o ove i nii ton r ne m im , unlke m a i ous w oundi w hi h how he w a orgi l c r ed. i lci ng, c s i naly ha g I dim isng t scl m , he Cour ofAppea she dt tt vitm ' pr i i r he rng n s s i hi ai t t l l ha he c i s elm na y a i tsi e tmonywa pr pel admit 5 Se Y 1tv Nul ma r 501U. 797,8 ( 991 ( di s o ry ted. e s me ke, S. 03 1 ) hol ng . t a afd rl o t a rl o ara o e saec u tud me t nltru x lie saec u t h t e ea c ur c n ey n e s n d tt o rj g n whe ae ne p an d tt o r o d r u hodt t u g nt.TheCo r o Ap e l o Vignaa k wld e t a ad fn a t r es p l ha j d me ) u t f p as f r ii c no e g d h t ee d n s d ha a pr oroppo t t t c o s e m i a a e w ine s H o eve , i pe ii houl ve i r uniy o r s - xa ne n bs nt t s . w r n ttoner' s cae,lg ttonelha t opporuniyt queton ghevi m)a t pr lmi r he rnga ut s tpeii r d he t t o si t di t he ei nay ai bo h sij re b c us t eCo i nu is e a e h mmon at a k d g evci wh r h wa sa b da dho ln we lh s e t itm) e e e s tb e n w o g h 5I not t t alhought vitm t tfed a t pr i i r he rng,hi wheea t we eu t ed ha, t he c i esii t he elm nay a i s r bou s r nknownbyt tm e he i oftil Pr t rv. ra. oc o Com m o e t N o.2860- 3, si o a 1( . . p No 23 2 0 ) nw alh, 08- l p. t Va Ct Ap . v. , 0 5 . p 12 h sa e i teho p tl TheCo n at as a k dgh vci t s w hi ij re t te e ty d n h s ia. mmo we 1h lo s e te itmj o ho s nu is o h j ' Pr corv.Co -onwe lh,No.2860- 3,si op. t2- ( .CtApp. udge. o t ' mm at 08- lp a 4 Va . Nov. 2005) 23, . TheCour ofAppeasofVigni f t rhel t tt e e oft vi m' ij iswaspr d t l r i a urhe d ha he xtnt he di s nure ove t oug t t s i ony ofa doct and a i tga orw ho s hr h he e tm or n nves i t poke w ih t vi tm a t t t he c i nd ha peii rha a opporuniy t c mfo bot oft e wines e a ti . ttone d n t t o c r nt h hes t s s t ral The Supr m e Cour ofV igi a' de aloft scl i i notc r t ora e t r ni s ni hi a m s ont my o, n u ea ona e a i a i n of c e ry es a i hed f de a l w ,orba ed o a unr s bl nr s bl pplc t o , l a l t bls e rl a s n n ea ona e deemi tonoft fcs.TheSi h Ame ntprvi t t<gq alci nalpr ec ins tr nai he a t xt ndme o des ha iin l rmi os uto , t ea c s ds l e j yt erg t. .obec n r ne wiht win se a an t i ' dl e h c u e hal n o h i h . t o fo td t he te s s g is h m. t' -h A m e e c e pl t st ta w ine s who m a st tm oni ls a e e s a it d a i ta ndm nt ont m a e ha t s ke esi a t t m nt dm te ga ns def nda w ilor na iy be pr e a ti lf c os - xn i ton,and t ti t w ine si e nt l di r l es nt t r a or r s e m na i ha f he t s s una ia e, sprort s i ony w ilbe i r va l bl hi i e tm l nt oduc d onl i t def nda ha a proropporuniy e y f he e nt d i t t t cos-xn nehi ' Giesv. lf ni,554U. 353,358( )(ii Crwf dv. o r se mi m.' l Caior a S. 2008 ctng a or W g7 lgc 541U. 36( htltm, S. 2004:.Peii rc de on a a t tt vitm wasunavalbl ttone once d ppe l ha he ci ia e a ti ; hevitm t tfe unde oah a t pr lm i r hea i t vi tm ' t si on wa t ral t c i esii d r t t he ei na y rng; he c i s e tm y s a c a e y r c de a pe ii ne w a pr s ntw ih c uns la ha t opporuniy t c os c ur t l e or d; nd tt o r s e e t o e nd d he t t o r s e m i t vi i dur ng t pr lm i y hea i Pr o , o. xn ne he d m i he e i nar rng. od r N 2860- 3 a 2'Pe ' ' Pe . f 08- t , tr s t or Appea ( 20- 16.Theefr t a si oft una ia evitm' prort tmonydi l no. 2) r o e,he dmison he valbl ci s i esi d notvi a et Si h Am e e ' Confon a i Clus a Cl i D i dimis d. See olt he xt ndm nts r t ton a e, nd am s s se Crwf d,541U. a 59(i ngnovi ainoft Confontto Clus b a ti a or S. t fndi olto he r ain a e y dmitng t tm oni sat ent of a w inessabs f om t alw hen t decl anti unavaiabl and t es i al t em s t ent r ri he ar s l e he dee n ha aproroppo t t t cos-xa ne . fnda t d i runiy o r se mi ) 13 11. 1 Fort f e ng r ons Ide pe ii ' m o i t a e gr ntr ponde ' m oton he or goi eas , ny ttoner s ton o m nd, a es nt s i t dim i s a de a m ootpe ii r sm oton f couns l Bas u o s s , nd ny s ttone ' i or e . ed pon m y fndi t t i ng ha pe ii rhasnotm ade t r qui ie s t i s w i ofa de a ofa c tt i lrg a ttone he e s t ubsantal ho ng ni l ons iutona i ht s rquie by28U. C.j2253()1 , Ce ttc t ofAppe a lt i de ed. e rd S. c () a riiae albiiy s ni The Clr i diecedt s nd ac o t sM e a um Opi on a t a ompa ng ek s r t o e opy f hi mor nd ni nd he cc nyi Or rt pe ii ne a c de o tto r nd ouns lofr co d f rr s e e r o e ponde . nt ENTER: i 1 Ths a o Se tmb r2 1 y f pe e, 01 . A Se i U nied St t sD i ti tJ or t a e sr c udge 14

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