Young v. Clarke, No. 7:2011cv00201 - Document 17 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 8/12/2011. (tvt)

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CL :OFFI U.. sm K Ur V 8 Dl AT> x ) A V FI LED I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A ROAN OKE DI I ON V SI AL 12 2 1 5 91 JULAC I BY; $ LERK GREGORY LEON YOUNG, Peii ne , tto r Ci lAc i N o.7: CV 00201 vi ton 11 V. M EM O M N D UM O PI O N NI H AR OLD CLAR KE, I ECTO R, DR VI NI DEPT.OF CORRECTI RGI A ONS, By: on.Gl n E. H e Conr d a ChifUnied Stt DititJ e e t aes src udg Res ponde . nt Gr gor Le Young,aVigi a i t pr e di pr K , ie t sa to asapeii e y on r ni nma e oc e ng o fl d hi c i n tton f wrtofha scor , s ntt 28U. 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OnAu us 1 , 0 , sngej d eo teCo r o Ap e l d ne Yo ng sp tto f< g t 4 20 8 a i l u g f h u t f p as e id u ' ei n o i a pe l Th t cso wa u h l b atr ej d ep n lo Oco e 2 , 00 .Yo n t e flda p a . a de iin s p ed y h e -u g a e n tb r 8 2 8 u g h n ie petton f a a i t Supr m e Co tofV igi a. The pe ii w asr f s d on Fe ua y 23, ii or ppe l n he e ur r ni tton eue br r 2009. On Se embe 8, pt r 2009,Yom gfld ape ii f wrtofha sco pusi t Cic tCour t ie tton or i bea r n he r ui t oft CiyofDa le, n whi h hea lge t thi a pe lt cou e p o de i fe tve he t nvil i c le d ha s p lae ns l r vi d ne f c i as it nc Thepe ii wa dimis d b t Cic tCo ton Dec mbe 30, 09.Young' ssa e. tton s s s e y he r ui ur e r 20 s s e nta pe lwasr f s d byt Su e eCour ofVigi aon Nove r1 201 ubs que p a eue he pr m t r ni mbe 7, 0. OnAprl21 2011 Yo fldt i tn peii purua t 28U. C.j2254.The i , , ung ie he nsa t tton s nt o S. pe ii a s rst f l ng cai : tton s e t he olowi l ms A. Th Cic i Co r a dt Co r o Ap e l er di n t et ga iet ej r e rut u t n he u t f p as re n o s ti sd h u y n ve di t s nc t e de e w a i uf i ntt pr ve t tt de e ntus d a r c , i e he vi nc s ns ûc e o o ha he f nda e de ywe po i c adl a n n omm itngt r r ti he obbe y; B. The de i i n oft Cou tofAppe son t s f i nc oft e de e w a ba ed c so he r al he ufk e y he vi nc s s on a urr s bl de e mi ton oft f c sa wasnots n lea ona e t r na i he a t nd upporedby t r c d; t he e or and Thepeii rwa de e duepr es i r l i t cai A whe t Cour of ttone s nid oc s n eaton o l m n he t Appe l i gno ed a r f edt de i t s cfct oft cai ' pr e v a a s û r nd e us o cde he pe ii iy he l m'as es r ed t i ti lby t m oto t s ta i t ve d c a aspr e e t t Co tofAppeas. ra he i n o e sde he r i t nd es nt d o he ur l On J 6,2011 t r ponde m ove t dimist peii n.Ther s nd ' moto i no une , he es nt d o s s he tto e po ents in s w rpe f r r vi w . i o e e St andardsofR e ew vi A f de a pettone c l ng a s a e co c i n ors nt nc ge r l m us exha t e r l ii r halengi t t nvi to e e e ne aly t us r m edi a l bl i t s a e i w hi h he w a c vi t d be or s e ng f e a ha sr i f 28 e es vaia e n he t t n c s on c e f e e ki ed r l bea ele . U. C.j225 1 Topr rye S. 449. opel xhaus saerme es t peii rmus f ryprs ntt t tt e di ,he ttone t ail e e he s bsa c o hi camst tesaeshg etc u t S eM ate v. at 1 F.d9 7 91 (t u tn e f s li o h tt ' ih s o r. e th ws Ev t, 05 3 0 , 1 4 h Ci.1 .Thepupos oft sr quie nti do gvet Stt t i ta opporuniyt r 997) r e hi e rme s t i he ae he niil t t t o pa supon a c r c al d vi ai ofisprs ne s f de a rght.'Pi r v.Conno , s nd ore t lege oltons t io r ' e r l i s' ca d r 404 U. 2 0 2 5( 9 )(nen l i to a dq oainmak O te ) S. 7 , 7 1 71 itr a ct in n u tto r s mitd . a ( ditnc butr aed lm i on t s opeoff dealha asr vi w i t docrneof é si t A elt i t he c e r be e e s he ti pr ce a dea t' Bradv. uet 13 F. 61 61 ( hCi.1 98 .Thi docrnepr vi s o durl ful.' e r Pr t, 4 3d 5, 9 4t r 9 ) s ti o de t tçlj asaecou tceal a e esl b e isds salofaha aspeii rscl m ona ha tif tt r l ry nd xpr sy as s t imis be ttone ' ai saepr ce za r e, nd t tpr ed alr epr desa i pende a a qua egr t f t t t o dtr l ul a ha oc ur ul ovi n nde nt nd de t o md or he dimis lt h b a p tto e h sp o e u al d ful dh sfd r l a e scam. I . ctn s sa,he a e s ei n r a r c d rly ea t i e ea h b a li ' d (iig i e ' Colma v. o o , 01U.. 2 , 317 2( 9 ) P o e u a d fu t loo c r I e a e n Th mps n 5 S 7 2 7 - 3 1 91. r c d r l ea l as c u s G n wh habe spe ii ne f ist e us a ia esae r me esa ihec t owhi ht pe ii r a tto r al o xha t valbl t t e di nd t our t c he ttone w oul be r quie t pr s nthi c a m si or rt m e tt e us i n r uie e w oul now d e rd o e e s l i n de o e he xha to eq r m nt d fn t ecamspr c d rlybard''I .q oi gCo e n, 01U. a 7 5n 1.Thsc u t i d h li o e u al re a' d (u tn lma 5 S. t 3 .) i o r ca nnotr viw t m e isofapr ce lal de a t d c am a e as wi ofc us a e e he rt o dtr ly f ule l i bs nt ho ng a e nd p eu ieo af n a na mic rig o j sie Se Harsv. e , 9U. 2 5 2 2( 9 9 . rj dc r u d me tl sara e f u tc . e ri Re d 48 S. 5 , 6 1 8 ) W he acam h sbe na j iae o t emeisi saec u qaf d rl o r o s n li a e dudc td n h rt n tt o r e ea c u t we consde a ede e enc t t sa ec r ' d ii wih r pe tt t tcai .Pur ua tt 28 i r bl f r e o he tt ou ts ec son t es c o ha l m s n o U. C. 2 5 ( t i c u t yga t b a rle o acam ta wa a j dc tdo t eme i S. j 2 4 *,hs o r ma rn ha e s eif n li h t s du iae n h rt s i saec u t nyi t esaec u t a j d c to o t cam t sc nrr t o ivov da n tt o r o l f h tt o r' du iain f he li s o tay o, r n le n s wa t r s na e a i t o o , e r y e t b i he Fe r ll w , de e m i d b t Su e e Cour m ea o bl pplca i n f cl a l s a ls d de a a as t r ne y he pr m t oft U nied St es' orç asba e on a unr a ona e de e na i n oft f c si lg o t he t at ,' û w sd n e s bl t nni t o he a t n i ht f he e i e c prs ne i t eStt c u t r c e ig. 2 U. C. 2 5 ( v d n e ee td n h ae o r p o e dn ' 8 S. j 2 4 *. ' D i c s on s us i 1. C l i sA and B am l c a m sA a B,Young ale s t tt e de e w a i uf i i ntt s n li nd l ge ha he vi nc s ns f c e o uppor hi t s c onvi ton f a m ed r c i or r obbe y,a t tt Co tofA ppe l e r i a tr i hi c c i on r nd ha he ur a s r ed n fi m ng s onvi ton diec a a . M or s c fc l Yot g c e t tt Com m on ea t f ie t de o ta e r t ppe l e pe i i aly, m ont nds ha he w lh a l d o m nsr t t theus d atde dl we pon'durng t r ber asal ge i t i c me . ha e f a y a ' i he ob y, le d n he ndit ntl Yo r ie t s m ea gume o d r c a ung as d he a r nt n ie t ppea .Upo r viwi t e de pr s nt l n e e ng he vi nce e e ed b t eCo n at t eCo r o Ap e l ft E oerrwiht ej r ' c n l i nt a y h mmo we 1 h u t f p as omd 4 ro t h u ys o cuso h t h, n g un jusd ad a ywe p ndzi t r b ey'a d tr n dt a Gl e Co n at ' Yo g e e dl a o l ng he o b r y nd eemie h ttt l mmo we lh s r ' h e denc wa c vi e s ompee , noti he e ty i r bl a wa s fce t pr be t nt was n r n l nc edi e, nd s ufi int o ove yond a r a o a l d u tha r bt j sg iyo r b ey' ( g. 4 2 0 Op. t4 .F rte e s n b e o b t t ' mg wa ul f o b r . Au 1 , 0 8 a ) o h Y t ' f l ng r as ,t c tco ude t tt Cou tofAppe s d ii i e ild t def r nc olowi e ons he our ncl s ha he r al' ec son s ntte o e e e u e 2 U. C. 2 5 ( . nd r 8 S. j 2 4 * W he r vi w i t s f c e y oft e de e t s n e e ng he uf i i nc he vi nc o uppor a con c i t crtc l t vi ton, he ii a i r i t t ,a trviwi t e de ei t lghtm os f vor bl t t pr e uton,a nquiy s ç her fe e ng he vi nc n he i whe t a a e o he os c i ny r tona tiroff c c dha f ai l re a t oul ve oundt es e ta ee e soft c i be he s n i l lm nt he rme yond ar s na e ea o bl do b . J c o v. r ii, 4 U.. 0 , 1 (9 9 (mp a i i o ii l.Th c u t s u t' a ks n Vicn a 4 3 S 3 7 3 9 1 7 ) e h ss n rgna) e o r mu t ' 1The i cm entaleged, i peri par t tt pettoner ndit l n tnent q ha he ii : di unlw f l and f oni y a vi enty t s ealand cary away d a uly el ousl nd ol l ake, t r a r m a ey $1 1 00 i U n t d S a e c r e c oft g od , ha t l a pp oxi t l , 78. n ie t t s u r n y he o s c te s nd pr t ofCheck ç Go ...fom t per on ori t pr enceofand agai t opery n r he s n he es ns t ewilofSha aDe s J ne , fe plcngh ri f a ofb l ij r b h l nn nie o s a tr a i e n e r odi n u y y y pr entng a deadl wea es i y pon,t w i:a pit ,i vi aton ofSec i 18. 58, o- t sol n ol i ton 2Code ofV igi a,1 r ni 950,asamended. 4 co i rcr umsa ila wel asdiec e denc ,a al t pr e i t be ftofa l nsde ic t nta s l r t vi e nd low he os cuton he ne i 1 r s bl i ee s Unie Sttsv. es nt 677F. 1 8,1 21( h Ci.1 .Theco t ea ona e nfrnce . td ae Tr va , 2d 01 0 4t r 982) ur doesnotwei t e de e o r viw t c edi lt ofwine s . 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( il . t7 ) J n s wo h u a d o e u d e ol s u a e e e o d o o t' Tra Tr a 4 . o e a ' t tfedt ta trs r ad t not ,Youngpule a gm outofhi c tpoc t poi ed i a he , esii ha fe he e he e ld t s oa ke , nt t t r a ds i ,çus d wh t sya dy uwo tg t u t'( ilTr a 7 ) J n sd s rb dt n ad G t o a l a n o n' e h r. Tra . t 4 . o e e cie he l ' we p na aç gsle g n' t ç l t bto ba ki i. ( il . t1 4 .S etsiidta a o s t iv r u 'wi $ i l i f lc n t' Tra Tr a 1 ) h e t e h t bi h a te ' f Yo n p ne t egm a h rt ewh l tme' ( il . t 5 .W h l t g nwa p itda u g oitd h l t e ih oe i . Tra Tr a 7 ) ie he u s on e t t ' he ,J sope d herca h d a a g ve Young a 1oft c h i i , ot i $1 1 00. r one ne s r wer nd a 1 he as nsde t alng , 76. You t n l tt so e,a J spr s d t pani buto a he sa i t alr polc who ng he ef he t r nd one es e he c t n t r t ton o e t ie, rs e ponde t t s e d o he c ne.J onest tfe t ts wasa r i t tYot woul rt n t t sor esiid ha he fa d ha mg d e ur o he t e a kilhe ,snce i w asbr d da i hta he wasnotw e r ng a m a k. nd l r i t oa ylg nd ai s Ther r wa r c de by as v la c m e ai t sor . J ne nar td t vi obbe y s e or d ur eilnce a r n he t e o s rae he deo a ip a e f rtej l p itn o th peiin r teg n a dtepon a wh c s eg v te s t ly d o h uy, on ig u te t o e,h u , n h it t ih h a e h t pe ii rt m one i he dr w e . 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De e tveM iha lW al c a kno edg t taBB gun ha be n r ove e fom t tci c e la e c wl ed ha d e ec r d r he ve c edrve by Yo hil i n ung.Howe r W a lc t sii d t the di notknow wha ki ofgun wa ve , la e e tfe ha d t nd s ac ua l us d durng t r bbe y a t tno g w a e rr co r d f om t r bbe y. t ly e i he o r , nd ha un s ve e ve e ' he o r r Aspr vi l notd,hei c me s iialy al ge t tYoung pr e ed at dl e ousy e t ndit nt pecfc l le d ha es nt t dea y we po 'durng t r bbe y.As umi t tt Co monweat nee d t demonsr t t tt a n' i he o r s ng ha he m lh de o tae ha he pe ii rpos es e ade dl we pon, heco tc l ttone s sd a y a t ur oncudest tt e de e, n vi wed i t ha he vi nc whe e n he lghtm os f vor bl t t Co monwe 1h, s fce t s tsyt se e nt i t a a e o he m at was ufi int o aif hi l me . The Supr e Cour o V igi a ha de i d a çd dl w e po 'a S w hi h i lke y t em t f r ni s fne û ea y a n' s d one c s i l o p o u ed aho g e t o iyij r fo t ema n r nwhc ii u e ' Pa n lv. r d c e t r r a b d l nu y r m h n e i ih t s s d. n il ' Co n at , 8S. 2 4 7 4 2 ( . 9 6 .GW l ehe awe p ni t b r g r e a d a l mmo we lh 3 E.d 5 , 6 Va 1 4 ) t h t r a o s o e e a d d s e dy l ofen de ndsmor on t ma ri whi h i hasbe n us d t n o isi rnscc r tr' l ; t pe e he nne n c t e e ha n t nti i ha ace . d. ' s ealoPrthet Co e s ic t v. mmonweat 25 S. 2d352,353( 1 ( di t tacubwa a 1h, 2 E. Va. 979) hol ng ha l s d a l we po ) Th is ei g n r l o frt ej r t d cd . S eIc v. mmo we 1 e dy a n . e su s e e al ne o h u y o e i ez e n e Co n at y h, 21 t s c , t j ywa isr td a f lws n hi ase he ur s ntuce s olo : Tofndt tad a y we po wa prs ne yo mus d tr newhehe teo j c u e i ha e dl a n s e e td, u t ee mi t r h be t sd wa de ine a d c nsr tdf rt ep po eofkil orwo i a t a s h o j c s sg d n o tuce o h ur s li ng undng nd h t uc b e t wa hedo a a o f n i we p c p bl ofi lcigde t o g e tb iy ij y. s l ut s n fe sve a on a a e ntitn ah r r a odl n ur On diec a r t ppeal t Cour ofAppeal ofV igi a hel t t s i tucton dcl l sat t 1w and , he t s r ni d hat hi nsr i t eary t ed he a a c ael c e e t pe tn n is sr ie b t e de c . ( 1 20 Op. t3 . c urt y ov r d he rie t sue as d y he vi n e' Aug. 4, 08 a ) ' 6 5 0S. 2 8 9 8 0( . p. . 0 )(t heh ra i tu n i ad a l we p ni a 7 E.d 6 , 7 Va Ap Ct20 2 t t e n nsr me t s e dy a o s W q e to o fc.) u sin f a t'. ' W he viwe i t lg mos f vor bl t t Comm o n e d n he i ht t a a e o he nweat t c t ncudest t 1h,he our co l ha t Comm o a1h pr e e s fce e de et pr t tYoungpr s nt ade y we pon he nwe t es nt d ufi int vi nc o ove ha e e ed adl a durng t r bbe y,Ast Cour ofAppe l e i he o r he t a s mpha i e i iso ni Yo i or J s sz d n t pi on, ung nf med one t theha a l ' n hea oa hed he a t c t r a t pr ce de t poi t ha d ç gun'whe ppr c r t he oun e , nd hen o e d o nt he we pon a he durng t e tr r r a t r i he n ie obbe y.Yo alo i c t t thewoul ha m he unl s s ung s ndi aed ha d r r e s he c omple wih hi d nds t r b s esi t tt gt wa c pa eofpr i deah or id t s ema , he e y ugg tng ha he m s a bl oduc ng t g e tbodl iju J st tûe t tt we ponwa atbi sl rgun'wiht ltl bi ofblck r a iy nty. one esi d ha he a s ç g ive ' t t ite t a a i i. ( il . t1 4 .l c nr s,heBB g nrc v rdfo Yomg sv hil awe kltrwa n t' Tra Tr a 1 ) n o tat t ' u e o ee r m t ' e ce e ae s d s rb da ben ba k Bae o t ee ie ep e e tda tilar ao a ej r c u dha e cie s ig lc . s d n h vd nc rs ne t ra, e s n bl u y o l ve concud t tt we pon us d durng t r r wa nott BB g m f l ed ha he a e i he obbe y s he t ound i Young' c r n s a. W hieYo c i l ung ontnuest ma n an t thedi notpr s ntade dl we pon durngt r l o i t i ha d ee a y a i he obbey, t ej r wa fe t beiv h sa miso ta h c mmitdter b eya rj c hsc ne to h u y s re o le e i d sin h t e o te h o b r nd ee t i o tn in t a h ddn t ea a t l t 3Thej r ' ce i it d tr nain ma n tb re lae b h t e i o us n cua gm. u y s rd bl y eemi to y o e e vau td y i t i c u t n fd rl b a rv e e W rg tv W e t5 5U. 2 7 2 6( 9 2 (C J c s n, h s o r o e ea ha e s e iw.S e ih . s, 0 S. 7 , 9 1 9 ) &n a k o I w e em pha i d r pe t dl t de e e e o e t t ti r o f ta co r s s ze e a e y he f r nc w d o he re f ac nd, r e pondi l t s p l ng y, he ha y lm ied na ur ofcons iutona s fci nc r vi w . W e s i t tt l oft evi nce i t be i t t e tt i l uf i e y e e a d ha a l he de so co i r d i t lg mos f vor et t pr e ton' t tt pr e uton nee no nsde e n he iht t a abl o he os cu i ;ha he os c i d t afima i y çu eoute yhypot sse e t to guit; nd t tar viwi c tça e wih fr tvel r l ver he i xc pt ha f l' a ha e e ng our f c d t 3Aler i y, a t eCou t f e l noe (the ur c ul r a o byha ebeive t t t natvel s h r o App as td,ç l j y o d e s na l v le d ha a g BB g ,s ta co er ng , ouds rou l ij eorkila t rhu nbeng' nd,h ,c nsi ea un ho t ls a e c l e i sy nur l nohe ma i 'a tus o tt ut d a y we po u e Vigni lw.( g.4 2 Op. t3 . e dl a n nd r r i a a Au 1 , 008 a ) 7 ar c d ofhit i a f t t ts e or sorc l ac s ha upporsc lci i e e esmus pr lme- eve i i doe no t onfitng nf r nc t esl n ft s t afi m a i y a a i t r co d - t tt t i roff c r s ve a s h c lc s i f voroft fr tvel ppe r n he e r ha he re a t e ol d ny uc onfi t n a he p o e u in, ndmu td frt t a r s lto .)( u tn J c s n, 43U. a 3 9 3 6 . r s c to a s ee o h t e ou in' q oig a k o 4 ' S. t 1 , 2 ) l s m ,t c tc ude t tartonalti roff c c dha f n u he our oncl s ha ai re a t oul ve ound t de e nt he f nda g it o t eo fns wihwh c h wa c a g d a dt a t eCo r o Ap e l' e ii nt rj c u l f h fe e t ih e s h re , n h t h u t f p as d cso o ee t y t peii r sc l nget t s t inc oft e de edi noti vea t ea ona e he ttone ' hale o he ufk e y he vi nc d nvol n mr s bl a ia i ofce ry esa ihedf r llw ora unr as bl dee mi ton oft f . pplc ton la l t bls ede a a n e ona e tr na i he ads Ac or ngl cli sA a B mus be dim is c di y, am nd t s s ed. I1. Cl m C ai I hi fna cai , ung c nt ndst thewasde edduepr ce si r lton t cam A n s i l l m Yo o e ha ni o s n ea i o li whe t Co tofAppeast g r d andr us d t decdet s ii t oft cli ' n he ur l û no e i ef e o i he pecfciy he a m'as pr e ve a ti lby t m o i t s ta i t ve dita aspr e e t t Cou tofAppeas es r d t ra he ton o e sde he r c nd es nt d o he r l. Ha ng r viwe t r or t co ta e swiht r ponde t t scli wa no vi e e d he ec d, he ur gr e t he es nt hat hi am s t f il pr s nt i sae c t a t ti i pr du al de a t d.l Young now a tmpt t a ry e e ed n t t our, nd ha t s oce r ly f ule f te ed o pr e t cli i asaeha speii t cli woul bebar dbyVigi aCodej8. esnt he am n tt bea tton,he am d re r ni 01 654( ( ,whihge r l pr biss c svepeii .TheUnie SttsCour ofAppeasf B)2) c nealy ohi t uc esi ttons td ae t l or t Fourh Cic tha r c ze t tt pr e al ues tf t i Vigi aCodej8. he t rui s e ogni d ha he oc dur r l e orh n r ni 01 6 4 B)2 p o d sa a e u t a did p n e tgo n f r h d n a o fd r l a a rl f 5 ( ( ) rvie n d q ae n n e e d n r u d o t e e il f e e a h be s ei . e Fihe v. el 1 F. 835,851 8 ( hCi.1 .Be a eYot ha f l t etbls s r Ang one, 63 3d - 52 4t r 998) c us mg s aied o sa ih c us a dprj d c o af n a na mic ri g o j siet e c etep o e u a d fut cam a e n eu ie r u d me tl s ala e f u tc o x us h r c d rl ea l, li C ç snotc za e i a f de a ha aspe ii n. l a 85 d i ogni bl n e r l be tto ' d. t 2. ' 8 I a e nt e n i cli C wasnotpr ed aly de a t d,t pe ii rwoul notbe n ny ve , ve f am oc ur l f ule he ttone d e il d t ha asc pus r le . Fort r a onss tf t a ve,Young' cha l nge t t ntte o be or ei f he e s e orh bo s le o he s fce c o tee d n et s p r hsc n ito wa p o el rj ce o die ta p a, n h ufiin y f h vie c o u po t i o vcin s r p ry ee td n rc p e l a d e hasf ie t s a ld o how t t Cour ofAppe l 'de so i ve c tt i le r n4 Ac or ngl hat he t a s ciin nvol d onsiutona r o c di y, cam C i as s be tod s sa. li s lo u j c t imis l C oncl on usi Fort r s sa e t co twilgr ntt r s nde ' m o i t dimis he ea ons tt d, he ur l a he e po nts ton o s s . Addii ly, a et peii rhasf ie t de onsr t ç s t nta s tonal bec us he ttone a ld o m ta e E ubsa il howi oft a ng he de a ofaconsiutonalrght't c rt l de yacetfc t ofa aa lt Se 28U. C.j nil tt i i ,'he ou wil n riiae ppe lbiiy. e S. 2253/) . The Clr i diecedt s nd c rii d c esoft sopi o a t a c e k s r t o e e tfe opi hi ni n nd he c ompan ng o de yi r r t t pe ii ra c m s lo r o d f rr ponde . o he ttone nd ot e f ec r o es nt y t ENTER:Thi l & da ofAugus, 2O11 s g . Chi fUnie St t sD it i tJ e e t d a e s rc udg 4To t ext Young s he ent eekst chale t Cour ofAppeal i e pr a i ora i i of o lnge he t s' nt r et ton pplcaton V igi a l s cl m i notcogni e on f r habeascor r vi .See Esele v. cGuie,502 r ni aw, uch ai s zabl ede al pus e ew tl M r U. 6 67 68( 9 )(mpha iigt tûti n tt pr vi eofaf d r ha e sc ur t r e mi S. 2, - 1 91 e szn ha l s o he o nc i e eal b a o t o e xa ne saec r d tr nainso sae lw qu si '. t t-ou t ee mi to n tt-a e tons' ) 9

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