Crawford v. Johnson, No. 7:2011cv00158 - Document 19 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 08/04/2011. (kab)

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cLERK' OFFI U. DI . S CE s. ST COURT AT RoAe c , VA FI LED I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I I COU RT STR CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A RO AN OK E D I SI VI ON AL -i2 1 C 01 : 1 w J A C. ULI BK DEP , ERK CL L ERK M I A EL W AY N E CM W FORD , CH Pe ii r ttone , Ci lA c i N o.7: 1 001 vi ton 1 CV 58 M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI GEN E M . O HN SON , J By: Hon. e E.Conr d Gln a ChifUnied St t DititJ e t aes src udge R e po nt s nde . M ihae W a Cr wf d,aVigi ai aepr e ng pr K , ie t sa ton a a c l yne a or r ni nm t oce di o fld hi c i s peii f wrtofha sc puspu s ntt 28U. C.j225 Cr or c l st valdiy tton or i bea or rua o S. 4. awf d halenge he i t ofhi J y 2007 co ci i t Cic tCour f t Co mt ofRoc ngha . Ther ponde s ul nvi tons n he r ui t or he t y ki m es nt hasm ove t dimist pe ii a g ngt tt peii i untmel Fort r s s tf t d o s s he tton, r ui ha he tton s i y. he ea ons e orh be ow,t c t l gr ntt r ponde ' m oton. l he our wil a he es nts i B ackground On J 7,2007,Cr wf d e er d i o a a e d diposton wih t Com monwe lh une a or nt e nt n gr e s ii t he at p rua t oRul 3 8c ( )C)o t eRu e o t eS p e Co r o Vigna i whc h u s n t e A:( )1( f h ls f h u r me u t f r ii,n ih e a ee t pl a guit t t f l ng of e es 0ne c gr d o e d ly o he olowi f ns : ountofr ce vi s ol n pr r y,i e i ng t e ope t n vi ai ofVigi aCodej18. 1 *o c ofatmptdbr ki a enei i vi ain olton r ni 2- 08, ne ount te e ta ng nd trng,n olto o Vigni Co ej 1 . 8 ,woc u t o a d cin i v oaino Vign aCo ej 1 .- 7. f r i a d 82-9. t o n s f b u to ,n i lto f r ii d 82 4 , f c t ofwea i am a k i publc i vi a i ofVigi a Code 1 2- . wo c sof our oun s rng s n i , n olton r ni 8. 422,t ount pos e s ng a fr nn a t rha ng be n pr vi l c ssi iea f e vi e e ousy onvi t ofa f l c ed e ony,i vi a i ofV igi a n ol ton r ni Code1 2- 2.onecoun ofatmptdr r i vi ai ofVigi aCodej18. 58.hre 8. 308., t te e obbe y,n olton r ni 2- , e t c sofr r i vi ai ofVigi aCodej 1 2- a t e c sofusngatrar i ount obbey,n olton r ni 8. 58; nd hre ount i ie m n t ec mmiso o afln ,nv oaino VignaCo ej 1 .- 3 1 I e h n efr h o sin f eo y i i lto f r ii d 82 5 .. n xc a g o Cr wf r spl a ofguit t t eofe es t Co monwe lh a e t dimi sf ot a o d' e s ly o hos f ns , he m at gr ed o s s our her c r es Thepa te a s ag ee t tt Cic tCou two d s n e et de e ntt at al ha g . ris lo r d ha he r ui r ul e t nc he f nda o ot a tve s t nceof25yea s c i en e r. On J 11 2007,t Cic tCour ac e e Cr wf d' guit plasa a ove t une , he r ui t c pt d a or s ly e nd ppr d ht pl aag ee t The Cou ts eq nty s nt nc d t peii ne t at r ofi prs e r men . r ubs ue l e e e he tto r o e m m ionme of nt 1 yea s wih 1 4 yea ss pe 89 r , t 6 r us nded, es tngi at ala tvepe i ofi r e ai of25 r uli n ot c i rod nca c r ton ye s The s nt i or rw ase e e on J y 31 2007. ar . e enc ng de nt r d ul , Cr wf d di nota a hi c c i ors t nc a br d ppe l s onvitons en e e.Howe r o Dec m be 2,2008, ve , n e r Cr wf d fl ape ii f wrtofha asco pusi t Supr me Cour oîVigi a i whih he a br ied tton or i be r n he e t r ni , n c a lge t thi pl asofguit we enotknowi a vol a y,a t thi a t ne pr de le d ha s e ly r ng nd unt r nd ha s tor y ovi d i f c i as i t nc The pe ii w asdi m i s d by t Supr m e Cour on M a 1 2009. nef e tve s s a e. tton s se he e t y 4, On M a c 27,2011 Cr wf d fld t i t ntpeii i whi h hec l st rh , a br ie he nsa tton, n c halenge he vai t ofhi g lypl asa cli st thi a tr y i pr ry a s dhi t pl d guit ldiy s uit e nd am ha s to ne m ope l dvi e m o ea ly. Ther ponde ha move t dimi st pe ii ont basst ti i untmel Cr wf dfld es nt s d o s s he tton he i ha t s i y. a or ie ar s et t moton on J y 6,2011 Them o i i now rpef r viw . e pons o he i ul . ton s i or e e Di scuss on i A p tto f rm i o ha e sc r u fldp ru n t 2 U. C. 2 4 i s b e t oao e eiin o t f b a o p s ie u s a t o 8 S. j 25 s u j c t n y a p ro o l tto 28U. C. 2 4 ( )1.Th o ey a p ro b gnst r no t e e r ei d f i ain. mi S. j 2 4 d () e n - e r ei d e i o u n h lt s off da e : a e t our t s t daeon whiht j me bec mefnalbyt c usonof he t c he udg nt a i he oncl i diec r viw ort e r ton oft tme f rs ki s h r vi w; r te e he xpia i he i o ee ng uc e e ( B) t daeonwhiht i di ntt flnga a i ton ce td he t c he mpe me o ii n pplcai rae by St t a ton i vi a i oft Cons i ton orl w s oft a e c i n ol ton he tm i a he 2 Unie Stt si r m o d,i t a i a wa pr ve e fom t d ae s e ve f he pplc nt s e nt d r flng by s h St t a i ii uc a e cton; ( C) t dat onwhi t consiutona rg a s redwasi tal he e ch he tt i l iht s et niily r cog z d by t Supr m eCour i t rgh ha be n ne l e ni e he e q f he i t s e w y r cog z d by t Supr e ni e he eme Cour and ma r toa tvel t de er c i y a iabl t c eson c ltr lr vi w;or pplc e o as ola e a e e ( D) t ed t o wh c t fcua p e iaeo t ecam o cams h ae n ih he a t l rd c t f h li r li pr e e co d ha be n dic r t oug t e r ie ofdue es nt d ul ve e s ove ed hr h he xe c s dii e. lgenc 28U.. j2 4 ( )1( -D) cin2 4 f rh rp o ie t t h o ey a p ro o SC. 2 4 d ( )A)( .Se to 2 4 u te r vd s ha t e n - e r e id f lm ia i i t l whie a i e' t ope l fld a ia i f Stt pos- nviton or i tton s oled l n nmat s ç pr ry ie pplc ton or a e tco c i oh rc l tr l e iw . .spe dn . 28U. C. 2 4 ( )2 . te ol ea rve . i n ig' a ' S. j 2 4 d ( ) l t i c s ,h Cic i Co r e trdtefn l u g n o d ri Crwf r sci n l n h s a e t e r ut u t n ee h i a j d me t r e n a b d' rmia c eon J y 31 2007.Bec us Cr wf d di nota a hi c c i ,t y bec m efnalon as ul , a e a br d ppe l s onvitons he a i Augus 30,2007,t dae o whi hi tm et a t he t n ch s i o ppea e r d. Ac or ngy,heone- a perod l xpie l c di l t ye r i o l tto u d rj2 4 d ()A)b g nt rm o t a d t a de pr do M o a , e tmb r f i ain n e 24 () 1( e a o t n h t ae n x ie n nd y S p e e mi 1 2008. Si eCr wf d di no e ut t i t n peii untlM a c 27,2011 t peii i , nc a or d t xec e he nsa t tton i r h , he tton s ce ryu tmeyu d rj2 4 d ()A)2 lal ni l n e 2 4()1( . l a a tmptt a d dimi s l Cr or a guest thi pe ii s ul bedee d n n te o voi s s a , awf d r ha s tton ho d me tmeyfldu d rj2 4 d ( )B) Tos p o th a piai no t i p o iin, a o d i l ie n e 2 4()1( . u p r te p lc to f h s r v so Crwfr c endst tui t e ry pa tof201 . .hewa denid a e st t lw lbr r a Ke n ont ha dn he a l r 0, . s e cc s o he a i a y t e 'Pur uantt Rul 54 : oft Rul oft Supr CourtofVigi a, Cr wf d had t ry da s o e 6 he es he eme r ni a or hit ys t f l a notce ofa al The t ry day perod expied on Augus 30,2007. o ie i ppe . hit i r t 2Alhough t pr rflng ofa sat habe petton or narl t l t one- rperod of t he ope ii te as ii di iy ols he yea i lm iaton, he one- rperod had aleady expied by t tm eCr or fl hi sa epetton i i ti t yea i r r he i awf d ied s tt ii n De e rof20 Co e e l ta peii di n t l t pe id o lmia inun rj c mbe 08. ns qu nty,h t tton d ot o lhe ro f i tto de 22 ( ( )A) Se ea.Br v. ngly, F. p. 5 5 ( . N. 2 4)( l u e ue 44 d)1( . e . , own La e 348 Sup 2d 33, 36 M D. C. 00 G sl bs q nt motonsorpeiinsc nno rvieap rodoflmiaint a ha ar a y r ' . i tto a t e v e i i tto h t s le d un.) ' 3 M ount n Core tonalCe e duet as resofl i tt i ll k downs'a t thi ai rci nt r o ei ong nsiutona oc ,' nd ha s s b e u n rq e t f ra ssa c fo t isi to a at r e we tu a wee ( tc me t u s q e t e u ss o s itn e r m he n tu in l to n y n n ns rd. Ata h n t t Peiin a 4 (mp ssa d d .Asidc tda ve h we e , 2 4 ( )1( prvie f r o t o t ) e ha i d e ) t n iae bo , o v r j 2 4 d ( )B) o d s o t delye co me e e oft one ye rpe i oflm ia i i t a i ntwa pr ve e he a d m nc m nt he - a rod i t ton f he pplca s e nt d fom flng ape ii by sae a ton.I t sc e, hea lgedi di ntdi nota iel i r ii tton tt ci n hi as t le mpe me d rs mtl 2 0 mo et a ay a a trt ep ro o l tto stfrhi j2 4 ( )1( h de pie 01 , r h n e r fe h e id f i ain e o t n 2 4 d ( )A) a x rd. mi Cons que l t cour a e wih t r s e nty, he t gr es t he e ponde t tCr wf di no e il d t saut r nt ha a br s t ntte o t t o y t lngt e j2 4 ( )1( .Astedsrc c u t b e v di Ki r uc v. o e , 0 6 ol md r 2 4 d ( )B) i h itit o r o s r e n mb o h Kn wls 2 0 U. Dit LEXI 9 0 ( D. lDe .1 2 0 ) çit udd f l gcf rj2 4 ( )1( t S. s. S 4 08 N. Ca. c 9, 0 6 ,û l wo l e y o i o 2 4 d ( )B) o g r -o n et esaueo l tto o dn rl i pa eu d rj2 4 ( )1 ( whe te e c mme c h ttt f i ains r iaiy n lc n e 2 4 d ()A) n h mi i di ntdi note n e s untla trmor t n aye rhadpa s ' mbr h,2006 U. mpe me d ve xit i fe e ha a s ed. 'Ki oug S. Dit LEXI 94008, t*7;s e as Gr s m v.Ca lo,201 U. Dit LEXI 40477,a *7 s. S a e lo e ha pe l 0 S. s. S t ( . M ih. r 2 , 01 )(ee tn t ep tto e' ag n t a t esaueo l tto W D. c Ap . 6 2 0 rj ci g h eiin r rume t h t h tt t f i ains s mi s ul b c lultdpu s n t j2 4 d ()B) sn et ep tto e fie s o ta sae ho d e ac ae rua to 2 4()1 ( , ic h eiin r ald h w h t tt e oye sprve e hi fom tmel flngaha aspeii beor t de dlnee r unde j mpl e e ntd m r i y ii be tton f e he a i xpied r 2 4 ( )1( ) Ca uv. rv 2 0 U. DitLEXI 1 7 8 a * 2n. ( D. l S p .1 , 2 4 d ( )A); mo Cae , 0 2 S. s. S 7 1 , t 1 5 N. Ca. e t 7 2002)( di t tt f c t tpeii rwasplce i s grgai di no s r et ce t a hol ng ha he a tha ttone a d n e e ton d t e v o rae d fe e t rg eigd t frt sau eo lmiain u d rj2 4 d ()B) ç b e a s t i ifr n tig rn ae o he ttt f i tto s n e 2 4() 1( ,s lc u e h s g occ rda trt fdealsaut oflmiai ha arad e rd' ure fe he e r tt e i ttons d le y xpie ). Bas o t f e ng,Cr wl d' pe ii n m us bedim is unl s hede o taes ed n he or goi a br s tto t s s ed e s m nsr t s e ba i f eq t bl t lng. I Rous v. Le 339F. 238( h Ci. om s s or uia e oli 3 n e e, 3d 4t r 2003)(- ba ,he :r nc)t . 1 3Cr Wf r ha no alg d a f cst s por t c r' r la eo j22 4 o ( . a o d s t le e ny a t o up the ou ts einc n 44 C) r D) 4 Unie St t Cour ofAppeasf t Fourh Cicui e ane t e tbl t lng i aval bl td aes t l or he t r t xpli d hat quia e oli s ia e onl i t hos r r i t nce whe e - d t cic sa e e er lt t pa t sown c y n t e a e nsa s r - ue o r um tnc s xt na o he ry' t onduc t- i wo l b u c nsi n bet e f r etel tto p ro a ans t ep rya dg o sij sie t u d e n o co a l o n o c h i ain ei d g i t h a t n r s n u tc mi wo l r s l. Ro s , 3 F.da 2 (nen l u tto ma k o te ) To stsyt i ud e ut' u e 3 9 3 t 46 i tr a q oain r s mitd . aif hs ' sa ad a o h r s tmeb re p t in rmu tp e e t11 e ta r iaycrumsa c s () tnd r , n t ewie i - ar d eio e s rs n ç ) xr o dn r ic tn e ,2 t ( b y n h sc nr l re ena t hi o c n u t ( ) h t r v ne hm fo fln o t . e o d i o to o xtr lo s wn o d c, 3 t a p e e td i r m iig n i ' me ' = I d I t sc e,Cr w f d frta gue t tt sa ut oflm ia i s ul bee tbl t l d n hi as a br is r s ha he tt e i t tons ho d quia y ole d t hi physca a m e alheat pr e ue o s i l nd nt lh obl ms.Ho ve , ha f ie t de onsr t t thi we r he s al d o m ta e ha s he lh pr emspr ve e hi fom flng af de alha spetton wihi t o - a pe i of at obl e nt d m r ii e r bea ii t n he ne ye r rod lmia i I hi peii Cr wf d f us on t s ve iy ofhi men a he lh pr emsi i t ton. n s tton, a or oc es he e rt s t l at obl n 2009.Heas e t t thebec m el s rs ha a s c l de es e on aps manialy pr s d ychol ca l ve 'i J of2009 ogi l e l' n une a t theE s t r f r ,me a l i ompe e t ha pr e d wih hi a nd ha d , he e o e nt ly nc wa t nt o ve oce de t s ppea a f r l l nd ede a h be sc r us tto i 2 0 , fe ted na b t S p e Co r o Vigna' ( tc me t a a o p pei n n 0 9 a tr h e il y he u r me u t f r i i. Ata h n i ' t Peii a 4) Asi c tda ve t one- rpei f tlnghi fdealha a peii o tton t . ndiae bo ,he yea rod or ii s e r be s tton e r d i 2008. Cons que l t f tt tCr wf r e re e a de lnei hi m e a heat xpie n e nty, he ac ha a o d xpe i nc d c i n s nt l lh i 2009 doe notpr de abassf e tbl t lng.W hie Cr br i c t si hi r pl bre n s ovi i or quia e oli l awf d ndia e n s e y i f t thea s s f r d fom de es i i 2008a t theha ahit y ofs iur s t c t ha lo ufe e r pr son n nd ha s sor ez e , he our r emai c vi d t thehasf l t pr vet ta i r ntorc ns on nce ha aied o o ha ny mpaime ombi ton of na i i nne spr c ude hi fo flng on tm e. Se Unie St t v.Sos ,364 F. 507,51 mpai nt e l d m r m ii i e t d aes a 3d 3 (6 ag rlmatr t fde a c t wila ye tbl t lngbec us ofapeii rs tAs enea te ,he e r l ours l ppl quia e oli a e ttone ' me a condii onl i ca e ofpr o me ali pa iy.l s eas Eva v. ol o 201 ntl ton y n s s of und nt nca ct '; e lo ns J ms n, 0 ' 5 U. Dit LEXI 8 48 , t* ( D. . . 2 0 (1 ti no e o g t t p tto e S. s. S 0 0 a 8 E. Va Aug 9, 01 ) t s t n u h ha a eiin r 71 s ki e t bl t lngaleget e se eofaheat co ton;i t a heha t bur n t ee ng quia e oli l he xitnc lh ndii nse d, s he de o de monsr t t tt he t co tonr nde e hi t bl t fl aha a a ia i durngt ta e ha he alh ndii e r d m ma e o ie be s pplc ton i he o - a lmiai pei ' Fort s r a ons t co tc l st tCr wfr srla on neye r i ttons rod. ). he e e s ,he ur oncude ha a od' eince hi he t pr e i i ufi e t wa r nte t et lng. s alh obl ms s ns fcint o ra quiabl oli Cr wf d a tr tvey a gue t thei e il d t eq tbl t lngbe a ehe i a t ly a or le nai l r s ha s ntte o uia e oli c us s c ual im oc nt Neihert Unie St t sSupr Cour nort Fourh Cic thashel t ta a t l l e . t he t d a e eme t he t r ui d ha n c ua i e c am i s fce t wa r nte t bl t lng. Eve i t c ta s e t n a nnoc nce l i s ufi int o ra quia e oli 4 n f he our s um s ha n acuali t nnoce eexc pton e ssi t sc e ,Cr wf r spe ii f lss toft ne s a y nc e i xit n hi ontxt a o d' tton al hor he ce s r s i l or rt us a a t li how ng. n de o e n c ua nnoc nc c ai asa pr dur lga e a t as e tc ai s t t e e lm oce a t w y o s r l m ha a eot r s pr ed al ba r t pe ii rmus pr e t w r la ee de e'a ts r he wie oc ur ly red, he ttone t es nt s ne e ibl vi nc ' nd çhow t a i i mo elk l t nn tha n r a o bejlo wo l ha c n itdhi i lg to t e h t t s r iey ha o t t o e s na l t r ud ve o v ce m n ih f h r ne e de e. Sc upv. l 51 U. 298,324,327( 995 .I t sc e,heonl e de e w vi nc ' hl Deo, 3 S. ' 1 ) n hi as t y vi nc ofe edt s f r o uppor Cr wf d' cai ofacua i e c it ofhi own a s ri t the t a or s l m t l nnoc nce onsss s s e tons ha pa tci t d i t c i i c ri pa e n he rm nal onduc onl be aus he wass rousy t e t d by hi c de e nt t y c e e i l hr aene s o- f nda a t ,t theacedt nd, hus ha t mderdur s .Be us s h e de ewa known and a ia et e s ca e uc vi nc s va lbl o Cr wf d a t tm ehe e e e hi plasofguit i doesnotconsiut t t ofG w a or t he i ntr d s e ly, t tt e he ype ç ne 4 Sever ot cic t t ha a es d t s is ha hel t t e i no act i al her r uis hat ve ddr se hi s ue ve d hat her s ual nnocence excepton t t sat eoflm iatons i habeascas . See,e. ,Es i o he t ut i ti n es g. camil v.Junw it 426 F. 868, la rh, 3d 8 ( t Ci. 05 Cd io r cami t beino e t lk t ec tndi t tohe e nt s oit e 72 7h r 20 ) prs ne s li ng o n c n ,ie hos on e ng ha t r ve s p l h c n c i mus me tt sau o yr q rme toftmeya to ' Da dv. l,31 F.d 3 ,3 ( s o viton, t e he ttt r e uie n i l cin. vi Hal 8 3 43 47 1 t ); Ci. 00 )(çDq f n n swhoma b i oc ntaec nsr i d b t s mee plcisauor o r lr 2 3 l e e da t l y e nn e r o tane y he a x i t tt t y r ue b s dd a i sa t ea ans wh t e d nc i ov r l n ' ;Cou i v. n i 3l F. a e e dlne s hos g i t om he vie e s ewhemig.) sn Le sng, 0 3d ' 8 8 ( hCi. 00 (i i scamso ino e edon p e ldet edimis lofhi p tto a 43, 49 5t r 2 2) s cousn' li f n c nc ot r cu h s sa s e iin s u i l ' .Ho ve,t Si hCic th shedt tapeiine i e ildt e ia et ln i hec n ntmey.' we r he xt rui a l ha tto r s ntte o qutbl olig f a ) ma ac e bl s owi o a talnn e c S eSo e v. o s 3 F.d 5 ,60 ( t Ci.2 5 . ke r di e h ng f cu i oc n e. e utr J ne , 95 3 77 2 6h r 00 ) 6 e de e' eq r d by Sc up orot r s wa r te t bl t lng.Se e. , a r v. vi nc 'r uie hl he wie ran quia e oli e, g.Fl nde s Grves 299F. 974,976- ( h Ci.2002)( di t ta a uali enc cli woul not a , 3d 977 8t r hol ng ha n ct nnoc e am d e t bl t lt pe i oflmia i f flng aha spe ii a e as quia y ol he rod i t ton or ii bea tton bs nt howi ofI om e ng ç s a ton ori ci n o t pm oft r s nde t tpr ve e hi fo dic rngt f csi a ci na to n he he e po nt ha e nt d m r m s ove i he a t n tm ey f hi Or a t ve y las, ha ar as bl dii ntpeii i l as on, , t he r e t t t e ona y lge ttonerc d notha oul ve ds o e e t e ef csi tmet fl ap tto wihnt ep ro o l tto ' ic v r d h s a t n i o ie eiin ti h ei d f i ain. mi ). Concuson l i Fort r s nssae t c tc l t tCrwf d' pettoni untmel unde j he ea o ttd,he our oncudes ha a or s ii s i y r 2 4 ( )1( a dta h i n te tt dt sau o yo e utbl t ln .Ac o dn l,h c u t 2 4 d ( )A) n h t e s o nil o ttt r r q i e ol g c r igy te o r e a i wilgr ntt r ponde ' m o i n t dimis.Addii ly,be us t peii rha f iedt l a he es nts to o s s tonal ca e he ttone s al o de monsr t ças t n i ls ta e $ ubs a ta howi oft de a ofa c nsiutonalrght't cou twilde a ng he ni l o tt i i ' he r l ny c rii t ofa aa lt Se 28U. C.j2253( e tfcae ppe lbiiy. e S. 0. The Clr i die t dt s nd c rii c esoft so ni a t a ompa yi o de e k s r c e o e e tfed opi hi pi on nd he cc n ng r r t t pe ii ra co elofr c d f r ponde . o he ttone nd uns e or or es nt s r R This 4 dy t gs 2 1. x- : s a o- ut 0 1 Au , . Chi Unie Stt DititJ ef t d a es src udge

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