Burge v. Clarke, No. 7:2011cv00128 - Document 15 (W.D. Va. 2011)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 08/30/2011. (kab) Modified on 8/31/2011 to correct date filed (kab).
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CLERK' OFFI U. . SX COURT S CE S DI ATDANVILE V L A yun#. aw ju I TH E U N I D STA TES D I N TE STR I T CO UR T C FO R TH E W E STER N DI STRI O F V I G I I CT R N A R O AN O K E D IVISIO N E LM ER ED W A R D B UR G E , Pett oner, ii H AR O LD C LA RK E , R espondent . ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ALC 32 2 1 21 J UUA C. DUDL CLE EY BY: c ' DEPUW CL ERK C i lA cton N o.7: cvvi i 11- 00128 M E M O R AND U M O PI I N N O By: H on.Jackson L .K i ser Se or U ni e St t s Di t i tJudge ni t d a e s rc El e Edw a d Bur ,a V igi a i a e pr e ng pr K ,f l d a pe ii f ra wrtof m r r ge r ni nm t oc edi o ie tton o i . ha asc puspurua t 28U. C.j2254.Peii rague t thi co ci weeobt ne be or s nt o S. ttone r s ha s nvitons r ai d i vi a i n ofhi Four e nt A m e n ol t o s te h ndm e rghtt d pr es a Si h A m endm e rghtt nt i o ue oc s nd xt nt i o ef e tve co el Res fci uns . ponde f l d a m oton t di m i s a pe ii ne r s nt ie i o s s , nd tt o r e ponde m a ng t d, ki he m a t rrpe f di pos ton. A fe r e i t r c d, gr ntr s te i or s ii tr evi w ng he e or I a e ponde ' m oto t di m i s nt s i n o s s a de peii ' m oton f a evi nta y he rng. nd ny ttoners i or n de ir a i ThePageCount Cic tCour e tr peii rsc na j y r ui t need ttone ' dmi ludgmen onDe embe 5, t c r 2007,f obec s xualpener to a tki i e lbe te wih ac l Thecrui c r or j t e tain nd a ng ndec nt i ris t hid. ic t ou t s t nc pe ii ne t t ry yea s i r e a i wih t e yyea s s pende en e ed tto r o hit r ' nca c r ton t w nt r ' us d. Peiin ra pe ldt t eCo t fAp aso Vign a Heag e ta d u l jo ad tto e p ae o h ur o pe l f r ii . r u d h t o be e p r y m e t hi o di be us hehad ar d be n v oed o a s ul a bat r ag i tt ven s s onvi ons oa e lea y e onvit f s a t nd te y ans he vitm f rsmia e nt .Healo a g d t tt e de ewasi ufk i t c c hi c i o i lr ve s s r ue ha he vi nc ns t ent o onvi t m be us t c s l ked c r a i e de a t vi tm ' t s i ony wasno c e bl . The ca e he a e ac or obor tng vi nce nd he c i s e tm t r di e Cou ' ofAppe l ofV i gi a de e hi a l t as r ni ni d s ppea on J y 24, 2008. Pe ii rdi no i m ed a el l ul ttone d t m it y a ppealt t Suprem e Cour ofV i ni o he t rgi a. O n J nua y 1 2009, ttone fl d a pe ii f r a de a d a a , a t Supr m e a r 3, pe ii r ie tton o l ye ppe l nd he e Co tofVigi agr nt d t r que ton J y 2,2009. Pe ii rfl hi de a d a ur r ni a e he e s ul ttone ied s l ye ppea a l nd r i e t s m e c ai sdi c s d by t Cour ofA ppea s ofVi gi a H ow e r t Supr e a s d he n lm s us e he t l r ni . ve , he em Cour ofVigi ar us t a alon Fe ua y 1 201 a de e apeii f rar he rng t r ni ef ed he ppe br r 7, 0, nd nid tton o e a i on Aprl22,201 The Supr m eCo toft Unie St t sde ed hi s e ntpeii f a i 0. e ur he t d a e ni s ubs que tton or wr tofce tor ion O c obe 4, 0. i ri ar t r 201 Peii rfl hi saeha aspe ii w ih t Supr me Co tofVigni on J 1 ttone ied s t t be tton t he e ur ri a une 7, 2 0 Peiin rag e hi d u l j o a d cam a die fci ea ssa c o boha p l t 01 . tto e r u d s o be e p r y li n n fe tv sitn e f t p el e a a tilcouns l TheSupr m eCour ofVigi adim is d t ha aspeii n o De mbe 1 nd ra e. e t r ni s s e he be tto n ce r 4, 201 0. Pettone tm el fl hi f de a ha speii i M a c 2011.Pe ii ra g t ii r i y ied s e r l bea tton n r h ttone r ues he f l vi cl nn olos ng ai s: ( Thetil o r viltdt ep i ilso d u l jo r yb c n it p tto e o A) ra c u t oae h rncpe f o b e e pad y o vci eiin r f ng t o f ony s x of e e o Aug t 1 20 afe fr tha ng convi t d hi on Fe ua y w el e f ns s n us , 07, t r i s vi ce m br r 5,2007,ofa m i de e nora s ul a ba t r Sf rt s m e tans c i ofe n s ' s m a s a t nd te y so he a r a ton ve t . ' ( Appelaecouns lwasi fe tvef fii dopr rypr paea ague' B) lt e nefci or alng û ope l e r nd r ' t p tto e ' d u l j o r ycam o a p a. eiin rs o be e pad li n p e l ( Appelaecouns lwasi fe tvef fii t rs acha prpaea a ali t C) lt e nefci or alng o e e r nd e r n ppe n he SuprmeCo tofVigi a, r a laec e meeytc ngeg t c rpa e ur r ni whee ppelt ouns l rl ûha dl he ove ge a t sg t e bl a t end'ofa a lt breffl by adif r nta t e i t nd he i naur ock t he ' n ppela e i ied fe e tonzy n he Cou tofAppe s ofV igi a butot r i e l 4t f t a t a gum e unc nge r al r ni , he w s ef he ac s nd he r nt ha d a f ie t a l ge e r t t r i oft Cour ofA ppe sofV igi a. nd a l d o le r or o he ulng he t al r ni ( Thee de ewa i ufiintt c c t peii rbe aus . D) vi nc s ns tce o onvit he ttone c e' ()d physca e de ee sst ba kt s tntaecli t tpeii rhad id no i l vi nc xit o c he ubsa it ams ha ttone bot hi fngerand peni i de her; h si s nsi (i t tilc t rdi a c ptngç raye denc 'Co c r aet i) he ra our ere n c e i s s vi e's orobort he hea t vi tm ' diec t s i ony' a t fnd t pe ii rguit , c i s r t e tm ' nd o i he ttone ly' (i)Parci Cnmpbelst tmonywa i rntyi rdi e; ii ti a l' esi s nhee l nce bl (v)t Co nweat i r duce adrwi t tet rdipr t vitm sw i he mmo lh nto d a ng ha ihe s oves he ci a pe ii r spe s ort e e e ofl s i o nes 'a ttone ' ni he l m nt a c vi us s nd , ( t vitm ' c v) he ci s ompee yt t tf wasnotas e ti a ti ,maki he tnc o esiy c raned t ral ng r t si ony i e tm nadmi sbl a i ufi intt s ti t c ci . s i e nd ns fce o usa n he onvi tons ( Appelaec e wasi fe tvef f lngtopr l prpar a a g ' E) lt ouns l nefci or aii i opery e e nd r ue' t pettone ' s fcenc oft e de ecli on die ta ii r s ufi i y he vi nc am r c ppea . l ( Tra c e wa i feci f fii t co uc a i tgai i owhehe a F) il ouns l s ne f tve or alng o nd t n nvesi ton nt tr m e c e m i t on ha bee pe f m e o t vi m . di al xa na i d n r or d n he di ( Tra c e wa i feci f fii t s G) il ounsl s nef tve or alng o ubpoe a c ls als r ieswor r na nd al oci e vc ke Ania Long a a w ines t de e m i whe he orno t vi tm ha a m e ca t s t s o t r ne t r t he c i d di l exam i i naton. ( Tra co e wasi fe tvef f lngt s H) il uns l nefci or aii o ubpoe (hepes i t r wa one, na s t ron,f he e s w ho c onduc e t m e c le m i ton' oft vi tm . t d he di a xa na i ' he c i ()Tralcouns wa i fe tvef f ii t i tgaedhec el 't whom t 1 i el s nefci or alng o nvesi t l ouns or'o t he vi tm ha alege y m a he i ta c a m sofs xua a e. ci d l dl de r nii l l i e l bus ()Tra co e wasi fci f f lngt i a hParci Ca J il uns l nefe tve or aii o mpe c ti a mpbelstiltsi ny l' ra etmo by poi i outt the t s i on w a d o i r di e a t be unbe i va e. ntng ha r e tm y s t nc e bl s o s le bl ' ' ( Tralc elwa i f ci f fii t o j c t Parci Cn K) i ouns s nefe tve or alng o b e t o ti a mpbel' t tmonya ls esi s G ç doubl he r a and i m i s bl unde V igi a' d e e c pl nt l w .' e a sy nad s i e r r ni s r c nt om ai ' a ' ( Tra co elwasi fe tvefrf lngt i a h ParcaCn L) il uns nefci o aii o mpe c tii mpbel' til ls ra t tmonyCha s f outi J nuayt t(hevitm)hadmadef t cai a i t esi i t he ound n a r ha t ci t urher l ms gans g ttonejwhihi ve penerton. peii r c nvol d tai ' ' ( Tralc elwa i f tvef fii t i si t t peii ' cams M) i ouns s nefeci or alng o nvetgae he ttoners li r ga di phone conve s tons be w e t pe ii ra t vi tm a f f ii t e r ng rai t en he ttone nd he c i nd or a lng o s ubpoe t peii rsça dj i phonec rai .' na he ttone ' d pe al t onve stons' l. l A. PETI ONER D I N OT PRES NT ALL O FH I CLAI SI STATE COURT. TI D E S M N A f de alc t' a notg antawrtofha asc p t pettoneri sae c t y unl s e r our ' y m r i be or us o ii n tt usod es t pe ii rha fr texhaus e hi s a e r m e esby pr s ntng hi c a m s t t hi tsa e he ttone s i s t d s t t e di ee i s l i o he ghes t t c t' Ba rv.Cororn, F. 276,288(t Ci. our. ke ' c a 220 3d 4h r 2000) See28U. C.j225 b) . S. 4( ( ndai exha ton) ma tng usi .Thepur eofe usin i t gi û tt cou t af la fi pos xha to s o ve û ae rs ul nd ar s opporuniy t r ol f r lc tt i lcl i sbe o e t e cl m sa e pr s nt d t t t t o es ve ede a ons iutona a m f r hos ai r e e e o he f erlco t. O' lva v. rkel526U. 838,846( 999) ed a urs' Suli n Boec , ' S. 1 .Thee usi r uie nt xha ton eq r me i s ts i d by fndi t tt d s nta l ga t or e a f c ua ale tons a nc d i f de a s a i fe i ng ha he t e i l e l he i s nd a t l l ga i es dva e n e r l c t...(rqt s meast ea nc da las o et t hihetsaecour. Pnzt v. our ae he a hos dva e t e t nc o he g s tt t' et ' Thomps n,771F.Supp.1 1 ( D.Va.1 ) af d,996F. 1 ( h Ci.1 o 428, 436 E. 991, f 2d 560 4t r 993) (ii Pi r v.Connor 404U.S. 27576( 971) r f e, ttone mus pr e bot ctng cad , 270, - 1 ).The eor peii r t esnt h t s m e a gum e a f c uals he a r nt nd a t uppor t t sa e c t i t f lng t c a m w ih a f de a t o he t t our pr or o ii he l i t e rl c t Ande s v. re s 459U.S. 67( 982) our. ron Hals , 4, - 1 . Peii rscl ms( a ( ()aee usedbec us t ywa rie o die ta a ttone ' ai A) nd D)i r xha t a e he s asd n rc ppe l andde i dont me isi t SuprmeCour ofVigni ttone ' cams( ,( ,E) ode he rt n he e t r i a.Peii rs li B) C) ( , ( ,( ,H) () () ( ,L) a ( )aee use be us t yweeriedi t saeha a F) G) ( , 1, J, K) ( , nd M r xha td ca e he r as n he tt be s c puspe ii n a cons de ed o t m e isby t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a, or tto nd i r n he rt he e t r ni . Peii ra r ponde diageeast whehe peii re usedcl ms( (i, ttone nd es nt s r o t r ttone xha t ai D)i) ( ti ,D)i)o ( ( )1Th S p e Co r o Vign ac a a trz d( (i, ( (i , n Dli) ( (v r D)v . e u rme u t f r ii h r ceie D)i) D)ii a d i ) ( (v)astalggnglhee denc wasi ufi e t c c hi bec us ...hetilc ur D)i tle i t vi e ns fcint o onvit m a e t ra o t a c pt d hea s yevi e, hevi tm ' m ohe pr de t si onyt twa unwo ty ofbele , ce e ra denc t c i s t r ovi d e tm ha s rh if 1 l hi fder pe ii , peii ra gue i cl m D t tt e denc wasi ufi en t convi hi be us . n s e al tton ttone r s n ai ha he vi e ns fci t o ct m ca e' ()t op ysc l vd n ee it t bakt sbsa taecamsta p t in rh db t hsf g ra dpe i isd i ç h ia e ie c xss o c he u tnit li h t eio e a oh i i e n ns n ie n t n he ; r (itetilc u t re i a cp igK e ra e d nc '%oc ro o aetevitm'die tetmo y'ndt fn te i)h ra o r er d n c e tn t asy vie e'ç or b rt h ci s rc tsi n 'a o id h h t peii rguit ttone ly; (i)Parci Ca ii ti a mpbel' tsi ls e tmony wa iher ty i r di e; s n en l nc e bl (v teCo n at ito u e ada n ta ete ds rv st vci sw p tin rsp nso teee n o i) h mmo we I nr d c d rwig h t i r ipo e he itm a eio e ' e i r h lme t f h h t ls vi ne s and a ci ous s ; ( )t ev ci sc mp tn y t t siywa n ta c ran da til ma i h rt si n i a misbl a d i s fkin v h itm' o ee c o e tf s o s e tie t ra, kng e e tmo y n d s i e n n u f e t t s t nt c c i o usai he onvi tons. 4 a a dr wi byt vitm di nots nd a ng he c i d uppor peii rsguit' r e v.Di.No.1 273 a 3. t ttone ' l. 'Bu g r, 01 t TheSu e Cour deci dt rvi cams( (i,( (i) a ( (v)bec us t is es prme t lne o e ew li D)i) D)ii, nd D)i a e he s u i r r ied a de ded i t ti lc ta on diec a alfom t c i na conviton,a d e a s nd ci n he ra our nd we r t ppe r he rmi l c i nd t rf r ,...c nno ber s di aha a c puspeii ,'puruantt He yv.W ade 26 hee o e n t aie n be s or ttonrl' s o nr r n, 5 Va.246,249,576S. 2d495,496( E. 2003) Ho ve ,acai bare fom saeha sr viw . we r l m rd r tt bea e e pur ua t H e y m a be co i r d on f de a ha asr vi by vi t ofispr e a i n o s nt o nr y ns de e e r l be e ew r ue t es nt to n die ta r c ppea . Se H ood v. ohns N o.2: v422,2007 U . D i t LEX I 11 l e J on, 06c S. s . S 583, 2007 W L 593576,a *5( D. .Fe 1 2007)(c heet undel ngcai pur rst c nc r a t E. Va b. 6, dW r he ryi l m po t o o en f de alc tt i is ... her ees ed i He y ... snotpr ve f r lhabe s e r onsiutonal s ue t ul pous n nr doe e nt ede a a rviw oft cli .)( tngGoi v. l 226F. 31 320n. ( ).Acc r ngl e e he am ' cii ' qs Angeone, 3d 2, 3 2000 ) o di y, cams( (i, D)ii, ( (v)aee use andnotpr edurlydea t fo fdea li D)i) ( (i) and D)i r xha td oc al fuled rm e rl ha asr vi w . be e e TheSuprmeCour ofVigi adi no c i r( ( onha a rviw be a e e t r ni d t onsde D)v) be s e e c us pe ii r di notpr e i t n. I t ad, ttone a g d on diec a alt t Cour of ttone d es nt t he ns e pe ii r r ue r t ppe o he t A ppea s ofV igi a t tt vi tm ' t tm ony l c d c e biiy,a he r ne e t s m e l r ni ha he c i s esi a ke r di lt nd e w d he n a g e ti hi pe ii f a a t t Supr m eCour ofVig ni Bur e v. r um n n s tton or ppe l o he e t r i a. z Comm o nweat lh, No 0 01 8( . e .1 , 01 )( t f rAp a 1 - 9 ; r ev. mmo we 1h, . 5 00 . 9 5 Va F b 7 2 0 Pe .o pe l 6 1 ) Bu c Co n at No 0 6 - 8 4( CtApp. ul 24,2008)( re dRe a e ntPe .o Appe l1 1 & Pe.frAppe l Va. . Jy Co rde plc me t fr a 5- 7 to a 1 1 .l t i tntpeii peiine aguest tt vitm lc c 5- 7) n he nsa tton, tto r r ha he ci a ked ompee y,acam t t tnc li ha r le on wholy dif r ntlgalt i a f ct a lga i t n lcki c edi lt . Thus e is l fe e e heores nd a ual le tons ha a ng r biiy , pettone f ie t e us dai ( ( . ii r ald o xha t m D)v) (A cl i t tha no bee pr s nt d t t hi s s a e cour ne rhel s m a be tea e 1 a m ha s t n e e e o he ghe t t t t ve t es y r t d a e us e i i i cl a t tt c a m woul be pr e aly ba r d unde s a e l w i t s xha t d f t s e r ha he l i d oc dur l r e r t t a f he peiine atmptdt pr e i t t saec t' Ba rv. co a 220F. 276,288( h tto r te e o esnt t o he tt our. ke Cor r n, ' 3d 4t Ci. )( tngGr yv. t ra 518U. 1 1 (1 ) tll e usi r uie nt r 2000 cii a Nehe lnd, S. 52, 61 996). ç- he xha ton eq rme f f c am snotf il pr s nt d t t sa e' hi s c ti t chni lym e whe .,.asae or l i ary e e e o he tt s ghe t our s e cal t n tt pr ed alr l woul ba c i r to i t cl m w a l t rpr e e t t s a e cour . oc ur u e d r ons de a i n f he ai s a e es nt d o he t t t' ' M at wsv. t,1 F. 907, 1( 997 (iai omit .A cli knownbutnotr ie the Evat 05 3d 91 1 ) cttons ted) am as d i a i tals a e ha s pe ii c nno be r i ed i s eq nts a e ha spe ii . Se V A. n n nii t t bea tton n t a s n ubs ue t t bea ttons e CODEj8. - B)2)($ wrts lbegane ont ba i ofa algain offcsofwhih 01654( ( û No i hal r td he ss ny le to at c peii rha knowldgeatt tmeofflngan prviuspeii ' .Thus cam ( ( i ttone d e he i ii y e o tton.) ' , li D)v) s pr ed aly def t d a ba r d fom f de alha asr vi w unl spe ii r e t bls ca e oc ur l aule nd r e r e r be e e es ttone s a ihes us a dp eu ieo ta afn me tlmic rig o j siewo l rs l.Clc tv. g ln , 0 n rj dc r h t u da na s ara e f u tc u d e ut a et An eo e 2 9 F.d370,378 79( hCi.2000) 3 - 4t r . Thee se ofca eor naiyt nsuponas ngof( )adeni ofef tve xitnce us di rl ur howi 1 al feci asit eofc ms ,2)afco e ena t t defns whihi dedc i ewiht ssanc ot el( a tr xtr l o he e e c mpe omplanc t he saepr e a r e, ()t no lyoft cai tt oc durl ul or 3 he vet he l m.Se Colma vThomps 501U. 7 e e n on, S. 22, 753- ( 991 ;Cl zav. ura 91 F. 1 11 ( hCi.1 .A c tdoe notnee t 54 1 ) oz M ry, 3 2d 092, 04 4t r 990) our s do c nsd rteis eo p eu c i t a e c o c u e S eKo n h e sv. at6 F.d 1 5 , o ie h su f rj die n he bsn e f a s . e r a r n Ev t, 6 3 3 0 1 (t Ci.1 .Howe r peii rdoe notpr s ta e us t tc tt e c us or 359 4h r 995) ve , ttone s een ny xc e ha onsiuts a e e p anama ietij te , e pt h salg to i Cli ( .Ae or i l, fndt a x li nf s nusie d s ie i l ain n am E) c dngy l i h t e peii rm oo dmalyde a tdcli ( ( a ii ba rdfom rviw. ttone e l fule am D)v) nd t s re i e e 6 B. THE SUP E COURT OFV I I SR E EW OFPET TI R' CL M S W ASN OT REM RGm A' VI I ONE S AI CONTRARY TO, AN UNREAS OR ONABLEAPP CATI OF, EARLY ES LI ON CL TABLI SHED FE DERAL LAw ,OR BASED ON AN UNREASONABLE D ETERM I ON OFTHE FACTS. NATI Fedea c t grntha srle dnl ont gr t ghepeii r i i c t i rl ours a bea eif o y he ound hat t ttone) s n usody n vi atonoft Consiutonorlwso te tesoft Unie Stt . 28U. C.j225 /) Afe ol i he tt i a r rai he td aes' S. 4( . tr asa ec ta es e t m e isofa cai alo r ie i af de alhabe pe ii af der l t t our ddr s d he rt l m s asd n e r as tton, e a e u t yn tg a t h peiinu ls tesaec u t a j d e to so adam i c n rr t , r o r ma o rn t e t o ne s h tt o r' du iain f i s o tay o o t s a unr s nabl a i a i of c ea l e t bls d f de a l w ,orba e on a unr a ona e n ea o e pplc ton , l ry s a i he e r l a sd n e s bl deemi to oft fcs 28U. C.j225 * . tr nain he a t. S. 4( The e l ton ofw he he a s a e co tde s on i d nt a y t ' ' n unr as bl va ua i t r t t ur ci i s ' r r o'or d co a e ona e a i ton of f der l1 w i bas d onan i pende r viw ofe h sa d. W ila v. pplcai 'e a a s e ' nde nt e e ac tndar li ms Ta o ,5 U. 362, 1 1 ( ylr 29 S. 4 2- 3 2000) A saecour deer nai i ' rr t 'e r llw i i . tt t t mi ton s i ay o'fde a a ft cont Sri sa ac usonoppost t t tra he bygheUniedSttsSupr mejCour ona d rve t oncl i a ie o ha e c d t t ae e t quetonoflw ori t saecour de desac edifrntyt gheUnie Stt Suprme) si a f he tt t ci as fee l han t td aes e Cou thason a s tofma e ily i si s bl f c s' W ila s 529 U . a 41 A f e al r e t ra l nditnguiha e a t . li m , S. t 3. ed r c t a as is t wrtunde t ' ea ona ea i ton'clus i t f r lc r fnds our m y lo s ue he i r he i unr s bl pplcai ' a e f he ede a ou t i t tt saecou t'de iist c rc goveni l lprnci efom gheSuprme Cour' ha he tt r t ntfe he ore t r ng ega i pl ' t i r e q t s de i i nsbutt r a ona y a i t tprnc pl t t f c soft pr s ne ' c e ' I Thi c so m e s bl pples ha i i e o he a t he i o rs as . d. s ' r s blnes sa r i a obeci one.J=a 41 A Vigi aco tsfndi ca tbe eaona e s tndad s n j tve #.t 0. r ni ur' i ngs nno dee d t ea ona emer l bec us i doesnotcie e t bls d Unie Stt sSu e Cour me mr s bl ey a e t t sa ihe t d ae pr me t pr ce nton a is i t r s tr c i no c r r t t te t bls pr e de t Sç e de n sue f he e ul ea hed s t onta y o ha sa ihed e e n . e M ic lv. paza 540U. 1 1 ( thel Es r , S. 2, 6 2003) Furhe r 'a saec tfcua deemi to . t nnoe,$ ) tt-our a t l tr nain ( i notunr as na e m e e y bec us t f de alha ascou tw oul ha r ac d a dif r nt s e o bl r l a e he e r be r d ve e he fe e c usoni t frti tnc ' W oodv. ln,558U. oncl i n he is nsa e. ' Ale S. ,1 S.Ct 841 8 (a 20, 30 . , 49 J n. 201 .A fde a cou trviwi aha aspeii ' es g)t (tt)c tsf t tndi 0) e r l r e e ng be tton ' umes he sae our' acuali ngs pr t bes o ound u e sg ttonejr but 'hepr umptonofc r cnes byce ra c nci nls peii r e s t es i ore t s la nd onvi ng evde e.' M ilrElv.Drt ,545U. 231 240( i nc ' le' eke S. , 2005)( i 28U. C.j2254()1) quotng S. e( ). Se e. ,Le v.W as nzt 444 F. 295,3 01( h Ci.2006) Fi l Ce e unde e, c. nz hi on, 3d 00- 4t r . naly,i viw r r j2 4d ()i l tdt t er c r ta wa b f r tesaec u th ta j diae t cam o 25 () 1 s i e o h e o d h t s eo e h tt o r t a du c td he li n mi t meis' Culenv.Pi se, he rt. l ' nholtr U. S. ,1 1S. .1 ( 1. 3 Ct 388 201 ) A shel by t Supr m e C o tofV i g ni t e de w a s fc e tf a d he e ur r i a, he vi nce s ufi i n or ny r a ona e t i rof f c t c c pe ii r e s bl re a t o onvi t ttone . Pe ii ra g s t tt e de e w asi uf i i ntt s t i hi c ttone r ue ha he vi nc ns fc e o us a n s onvi o . Pe ii ne di nsz tt o r pr s nt t sc a m t t Supr m e Cour ofVigi a i hi ha aspe ii butt Supr m e e e ed hi l i o he e t r ni n s be tton, he e Co r o Vign ah l ta t cam wa bar db c u et eis ewa r ie a da j dc td u t f r ii ed h t he li s re e a s h su s as d n du iae dur ng t i a on di e ta i ral nd r c ppea t t Co tofAppea s ofV igi a, s ntt H e y. The l o he ur l r ni pur ua o nr Co r o Ap e l o Vig nah l t a t ee i e c wa s fce t oc n c p t in ro o j c u t f p as f r i i ed h t h v d n e s ufiin t o vit ei o e f b e t t s xua pe tai a t ki i e lbe teswih ac l a trviwi t e de ei t e l ne r ton nd a ng ndec nt i ri t hid fe e ng he vi nc n he lgh mos fvorbl t t Commonweat 3 Se Y 1 tv Nu ma r 501U. 797,8 ( 991 i t t a a e o he lh. e s nne ke , S. 03 1 ) . Theduepr s clus oft Fouree hAm end e pr e t asat c tde e tfo c ci e e oce s a e he t nt m nt otc s t e our f ndan r m onviton xc pt uponpr be oof yondar s bl dou ofe r f c ne s ayt c tt et c i wihwhi hei c ge .' L em ona e bt ve y a t ce s r o onsiut he rme t ch s har d ' m r Wisi, 9 U. 3 , 6 ( 9 0 . e nhp 3 7 S. 58 3 4 1 7 ) Vi naCo ejl .-7. ( j c S xu l n tain; e atlsae ' r i d 826 2 Obe t e a Pe erto p n l tts gi y . Ana c sds al eg iyof. . nmaeo jc sx a p n tainih . . n tae telbamaoa. . fa c ue h lb ul t . a i t be t e u l e ert f e . pe erts h a i j r . o o c pl ni wi es ... he t frabonafdemedialpu pos ... om ai ng m s ot r han o i c r e. Vig n aCod j l .- 7 1( kngi d c n l e t swi c idb pe s n i c so il rs p r io y rii e 82 3 0. Ta i n e e t i ri t h l y r o n u t d a o u e v s r b e h r lto s i p n lis sae i p rie tp r: eain hp; e ate j tts n et n at n Anypes l yeasofag orol rwho ... ai ai acusodi ors pe vior r ai hi ove achidund t ron 8 r e de m nt ns t al u r s y eltons p r l er he a of1 a i notlgaly m are t s h c l and s h c l i note a pae who, wihls vi i e , ge 8 nd s e l rid o uc hid uc hid s m nci td t a ci ous ntnt k o ngy a d itn i n l () o o e t a a ys c c idf e o f n l t es x lo g nt l a t o s c pes n n wi l n n e to al i pr p s s h t n u h h l e l r o d e h e ua r e i p rs f u h ro y a 8 (odigta af d rlc u t a r l o ara o e saec u tu g n rsi p i rl o h l n h t e ea o r c n ey n e s n d tt o r j d me t e t rma i n ng y fde a 1w whenltrune ai d saec tor r uphol t t udgmen) J v. ura e rla ae xpl ne tt our de s d ha j t; ones M ry, 9 F. 11 111 ( hCi.1 )(ttngwrte fndi ofhit ia fc byt saec t 47 2d 06, 0 4t r 991 sai itn i ngs sorc l a t he tt our ar prs e e umedt becore ta enttedt deeenc unl ss o rc nd il o fr e es hownt beer ous. o rone ) A sa eco tc c i wilnotbedit be i t f r lha ascour de e mi st t tt ur onviton l sur d f he ede a be t t r ne ha I nv r tona t i r off d c d ha f ' a a i l re a oul ve ound t e s nta el m ent oft c i e be he s e i l e s he rm yond a r s na e doubt a t r vi w i t e de i t lg m os f vo a e t t pr e uton. ea o bl ' fe e ng he vi nce n he i ht t a r bl o he os c i J c o v. m i a,443U. 307,31 1 ( 979)(rgi le a ks n Vi ni S. 8- 9 1 o i na mpha i) ha rviwe t ti ss.1 ve e e d he ral r or whih t Cour ofAppe sofVigi aa l sl ma ied a f l : ec d, c he t al r ni pty tm rz s olows ( tto e)lv dwihParcaCa bela dhe t c lr nu tl ewa Pei n r ie t tii mp l n r wo hi e ni h s i d i re aedi Odobe 2006f a unr ae ofe e.W hie g ttone )wa ncac r t n r or n eltd fns l peii r s i re aed,Ca ncac r t mpbela ( ttone ldicuse whehe hewoul moveba k l nd peii r s sd t r d c i o he r i nc a t rhe w asr l a e I l t N ove ber2006,s t bef r nt r es de e f e e e s d. n a e m horl y oe g ttonejsr e edae,Ca peii r' elas t mpbelssx- a- dda e ,t vitm,ol l' i ye rol ughtr he ci t d Ca mpbelt tE ttone )ha t l ha peii r d ouche he i pprpraeywhe s wasont d r na o itl n he he lvi r c hdurngt s i ng oom ouc i he umme of2006.OnFe uay5,2007,k ttone) r br r peii r wasconvit d ofmideme ce s anora s ul a ba t yofa hous hol m e be f s a t nd ter e d m r or t si ppr i t t hi na opra e ouchi ng. Ca pbe lt tfed t vi i s a t s ei a c m l es ii he d m t red e ng ouns ori J nua y 2007 a t el n a r nd he vi tm s d t ts ha nott d Ca pbe le r hi Cn pbe lt tfed t t c i ai ha he d ol m l ve yt ng. m l esi i ha t vitm saed g ttone)care hert Ca he ci tt peii r rid o mpbelsbe oom a puthi l' dr nd s o ta sc p ro fe o h n etes x a o g ni l rsofh c id . . r( i sxu l a usstec ida r h t u h es n e l r a dl h e u l r e t pat te hl; . o v) e al b e h hl s a y d fn di jl .-7,0() s lb g it o aCls 6fln eie n 826 1 6 ,hal e ul f as eo y. y S x a a us i d fn d i pe t e p r b j l 2- 7 1 a a a tc mmi e wi t eit n t s x a l mo e t e u l b e s e ie n ri nt a t y 8. 6 . 0 s n c o t d t h ne t o e u l ls, n t h y a ous ,orgr iy a pe s n,whe e: r e atf ny r o r a. acc e i en i l t The us d nt tonaly ouchest c he ompli ngwines ' i i t pa t ormae ildiecl cove i s h ani t ss ntmae rs tra r ty rng uc i i a e pa t ; ntm t r s b.Thea us f r est co pl ni wines t t ht ac us s t w ines ' own,ora t pe s s cc ed o c he m ai ng t s o ouc he c ed',he t ss noher ron' i i epa t orm aera diecl c rng s i i aepa t;or ntmat rs t il r ty ove i uch ntm t rs clt c . f he ompl i n wi e s i unde t a of l t a us d c e oras i t t co pl ni wines t t uch a ni g m s s r he ge 3, he cc e aus s ss s he m ai ng t s o o t ac us s t wines sown,orano he pe s n' i i aepa t ormatraldiecl cove i s h i i aepa t. he c ed',he t s' t r r o s ntm t rs ei r ty rng uc ntm t rs 9 prva ea eai i herprva ea ea helc d hi fnge a suc i i he prva e i t r nsde i t r , ike s i r nd t k t n r i t a e a he puthi prva ea eai ohe m out Cnmpbel t siid t vi tm r a, nd s i t r nt r h. l e tfe he ci s i t i de ol r d on a Sunda be o e a s m e be ch va t on a i a d he nci nt xur e y f r um r a ca i nd t wasno t s m e da a t lvi r m i de . Ca pbel t tfe s t he a y s he i ng oo nci nt m l es ii d he i me a ey t d I s i t rThomasa m dit l ol nve tga o boutt bed oom i de . Ca he r nci nt mpbe l l tsiide e i ya he rltons pwihg ttone)and( ttonels etfe xtnsvel bout r eai hi t peii r peii r' f onue wi e. r f The vi tm t tted t ton a Sunda i t s m erof2006,prort a bea h c i es ii ha y n he um i o c v c to a dwh l Ca b lwa a v u c ,gei o elp c e h ru fo t a ai n n ie mp el s t h r h p tt n r ik d e p r m he i c ouch,c r i d he i o Ca pbel' be oom , nd puthe on t be The vi tm a r e r nt m l s dr a r he d. ci t tfe g ttonelundrs e go ont t be a puthi prvaes ti he esiid peii r e s d, t o he d, nd s i t po n r p iaes o . evci tsiidg tto e)lc e hi mi detn e a p ti rv t p t Th itm e tfe peiin r ik d s d l i g r nd u t i o he prva e s t The vi tm t s i i d s c d f e hi fng r goi i i nt r i t po . c i e tfe he oul e l s i e ng ns de he .Thevi i tsii d g ttonejputhi prvaes ti he mout The r ctm ette peii r s i t po n r h. vitm t tted ( ttone qt dhe no t tl a ne Thevitm t tfeds ci esii peii r ol r t o el nyo . ci esii he di no i d t mmeditl t lhe mot rbe us s beive ( tto r wo dhul aey el r he ca e he le d peiine) ul 4 he . r The vi tm t tf e s t d he m ot ra c i es ii d he ol r he boutt abus on t c h he e he ouc b c u egeiin r wa g tigo t f al n mih r tr t ter sd nc .Th e a s p tto el s etn u o j ia d g t eu n o h e ie e e vitm t tfed s di nott l he mot a ci esii he d el r her boutt be oom i de when s he dr nci nt he t d he a ol r boutt lvi r he i ng oom i i n be aus he m ot rw asc y ng t oo nc de t c e r he ri t t ha d,' s f na l t d he be a e s di notw a t ke p a s c e a r ' but he i ly ol r c us he d nt o e e r t ny l r Thevitm dr apit eof( tto r' prvaes f Thomas a onge . ci ew cur peiinejs i t pot or , nd t pi t e r s m bl a pe s he c ur e e ed ni . g tto e )tsiidh pic e t evci su p rlgwh r t et ihj ist e peiin r e tfe e n h d h itm' p e e ee h hg on h bodywhiet yweeont co h.r ii r tsiidt ti J y2006, l he r he uc pettoneq etfe ha n ul du i t tm e t bed oo i i ntw asaleg t ha oc ur ed,he w a not r ng he i he r m nc de l ed o ve c r s g t i a o wih Cam pbel. e tng l ng t l Bur v. ge Com m onw e 1h, o. a t N 0560- 4 a 1 3;Tr Tr n. 1 1 20, 23,58,61 73,7 78 08- t . a 9- 0, 2- 227- , 84- 99-100,18685, 88. P tto e do sno me e tde ra c n idnge ie et t h j yx s l e a y eiin r e t sn a nd o vn vd nc ha t e ur eo v d n fcua is eic re y.Thej r g v mo eweg t otece i l yo teCo n at s a t l su n o rdl u y a e r ih t h rdbit f h mmo we l i h' wines es a i si t , hevitm ,a t vitm ' m ot r ve s t c e biiy oft t s , n nve tgaor t c i nd he c i s he , r us he r di lt he def ns w ines e ,i udi t def nda . See M a s lv. e e t s s ncl ng he e nt r hal Lonbe ge , 459 U . 422,434 r r S. ( 983)(ttngfde a habe r e doe notr tr net c e biiyofwinese ) Thus I 1 sai e r l as eviw s edeemi he r di lt t s s. , 10 do notr tr i whe he Ca edee m ne t r mpbelst si o wa s i r bl a t beunbei va e l' e tm ny s o nc edi e s o le bl . Furhe m o e wheherphysc le de e ofpe ta i wasno pr s nt doe notr ut t t r r, t i a vi nc ner ton t e e ed s ef e he t si e tmony by t Co m onwe lh' wines e . W he he t ti c tpe m it d hea s e de e he m at s t s s t r he ral our r te ray vi nc durng Ca pbe ls t tm o di notr l t t t vi tm ' t s i on t tde c i d s m ia f c s i m l ' es i ny d e a e o he c i s e tm y ha s r be i l r a t , a t vitm ' d a ng,whe vi we i alg m os f vor bl t t Comm o nd he c i s r wi n e d n i ht t a a e o he nweat l 1h, ooks lkeape sa i corobor t d by he s r t si on Ac r ngl anyr i ltiroff c i ni nd s r a e r wo n e tm y. co di y, atona re at c d ha f oul ve ound t es e i el m e soft c i esbe he s ntal e nt he rm yond ar as bl doubt a ldi m i s e ona e , nd s s t s c ai . hi l m Ashed by t Supr m eCour ofVigi a pe ii rsAug t2007 c ci n d not l he e t r ni , ttone ' us onvi to oes c tt e D oubl J opa dy ofhi Fe ua y 2007 c c i ons iut e e r s br r onvi ton. l Cli ( , eiin ralg stetilc u t i ltdteprn i lsofd u ej o ad n am A) p tto e le e h ra o r v oae h icpe o bl e p ry by c c i hi oft i t ntc i e on A ugus 1 2007,a t rfr thavi co c e hi on onvi tng m he ns a r m s t , f e is ng nvi t d m Fe ua y 5, br r 2007,ofa m ide ea as a ta ba t r E ort s m e t a a i ofe nt ' s m nor s ul nd te y s he a r ns cton f ve s. ' Howe r t Cour ofAppe l ofVigni f ve ,he t as r i a ound, am at roff c ,ha t t pr e utons as te a t t t he wo os c i a os fom t s pa ae i i nt :o t tt pl c i t lvi r z e r wo e r t nc de s ne ha ook a e n he i ng oom a o t tt pl c nd ne ha ook a e i t bed o .Se 28U. C.j225 e( ) Hilv.Ozmi ,339F. 1 1 ( hCi 2003 n he r om e S. 4()1; l nt 3d 87, 94 4t r. ) (t saecour' fndi offd aee tte t at e umptonofc r t s'whihapeii t tt a ts i ngs a r nild o prs i orecnes '' e ttoner ma rbutonl bydl ral c ncnge de e.' Thi r lngi noteonr! t o a ye y cea td onvi i vi nc '). s ui s ta' o r n y unr as bl a i ton oft Dou eJ pa d Cl us nordoesi r s upon an unr a ona e e ona e pplca i he bl eo r y a e t et e s bl fndi The Do eJ pa dy Cl us oft Fi Ame m e ,a a id b t Fo te h i ng. ubl eo r a e he hh nd nt s pple y he ure nt A m e e ,St ot c saga ns a s c pr e uton f t s m e of e e a t ra uit l I ndm nt ipr e t i t e ond os c i or he a f ns f e cq ta . t pr ec s a i ta s cond pr e uton f t s m e of e e a t rconvi t o . A nd i pr ect ot t ga ns e os c i or he a f ns fe cin t ot s 11 a ns muli epunihme sf t s meofe e.'Br v.Ohi 432U. 161,1 (977) gai t tpl s nt or he a fns ' own ' o, S. 65 1 ( i Norh Caolnav. re,395U. 711 71 ( 969)(oot e omitdl.Thet quotng t r i Peac S. , 7 1 f nots te ) wo pr e utonsa ieoutoft s par t f c ua s e ros pe ii rpi hi t vi tm ' t gh on os c i rs wo e a e a t l c na i : ttone nc ng he ci s hi t c he ouch i t lvi r n he i ng oom a pe ii rdi ia l a ge t lype ta i t vitm ' nd ttone gt ly nd nia l ne r tng he c i s lbaa dmo t o teb d i teb d o m.Ac o d n l, o bl j o ad di n t a t es c n a i n uh n h e n h e ro c r i gy d u e e p r y d o b r h e o d pr ec i n,a 1dimi st sc am . os uto nd s s hi l i Ashel byt Supr m e Cour ofVigi a peii d he e t r ni , ttonerdi notr c ve i feci d e ei ne f tve ass s anee ofcot sel it m . Pe ii ra guess ver li t nce ofi f e tve a s s a e oft i and a la e c ttone r e a ns a s ne f c i s i t nc ral ppe l t ouns l e. Ho ve , ttone f l t c n' hi bur n t s t tt Supr m e Cour ofVigi a' we r pe ii r ais o a y s de o how ha he e t r ni s a j iaino t s camsweec nrr t, ra u r ao a l a piaino , la l dudc to f he e li r o tay o o n n e s n be p lc to f ce ry e t bls d f er ll w ,orbas on a un e onabl de e m i ton oft f c s s a i he ed a a ed n z as e t r na i he a t . To pr i fe tvea ss mweofco el ape ii ne mus s tsy t t pr edt s ove ne f c i s it uns , tto r t aif he wo- ong e t s f t i Stiklndv. as ncon,466U. 668( 98 .l apettone ha nots tsidone et orh n rc a W hi t S. 1 4) f ii r s aife pr ngoft Sti kl nd t t t c t snotne d t i r whe he he ha s tsi dt ot r o he rc a es, he our doe e o nquie t r s aite he he pr ng. Stikl nd,466 U . a 697. Furhe mor d n at ne sac sorom isonst ta enot o rc a S. t t r e,l tor y' t a s i ha r unco tt i ns iutonali vi ly c l otbe a ndi dua l a m dded t t rt c e t a cons iutona vi a i ' oge he o r a e tt i l ol ton. Fihe v. s r Anceone 1 F. 835,85 53( h Ci.1 . l , 63 3d 2- 4t r 998) The fr tpr ng ofSt i kl nd r r a pe ii rt s is o r c a equies ttone o how t tc ha ouns m a e r s s el de r or o s r o t tco elw asnotf toni ast ' uns 'g r nt d t def nda by t Si h e i us ha uns unc i ng he co el ua a ee he e nt he xt Ame nt,' me ngt tc e'srprs ntton fl beow a o j ci sa r of ndme gl ani ha ouns l e e e ai el l n b e tve tndad r a ona e s . St i kl nd,466 U . a 687- St i kl nd e t bls a ' t ong pr s m pton e s bl ne s r c a S. t 88. r c a s a i hed d r s eu i 1 2 t tcou e ' co ha ns ls nduc f lswihi t wi r t al t n he de angeofr as bl pr es i na as it e. 1 a e ona e of s o l ssanc ' d. t ' 689. I ci scr i ofcot s ' pe or ance m ustbe hi y defe i 'and d ' ef ort ' Judi al utny m els rf m ghl rental' d y f evel g t bema t ei naet dit tngef t ofhi i ...a t e l t t mus) de o lmi t he sori fecs ndsght nd o vauae he (halnge co tfo couns ' pes tvea t tme. l Furhe e ufe tve c le dl nduc r m els rpeci t he i ' d. t nnor, efci ' r pr s nt ton i no s e e e a i s t ynony ous wih e r l s r pr e t ton. Spr nce v. lns 58 F. m t r or e s e es n a i ' i r Coli , 6 2d 329,332( hCi.1 . 4t r 978) The s cond pr of Sti kl r quiesa pe ii rt s w t tc e ong r c and e r ttone o ho ha ouns ls de i e e ' tci nt pef r nc p eu ie hm.Stik a d 4 6U.. t6 2.Toe tbihp eu ie apeiin r ro ma e rj dc d i rc ln , 6 S a 9 sa ls rj d c , t o e t m us s t how t tt r i a deas bl pr biiy t t butf c ha he e s ' ona e oba lt ha , r or ouns lse r r ,t r ul o t e ' r o s he es t f he pr e di woul ha be n difrnt' L-a 694.' ra ona epr biiyi apr biiy oc e ng d ve e fee . d t ' z t e s bl oba lt s oba lt A s ic e t und m i t c i nce oft o c e. 1 uf i nt o er ne he ont de he ut om ' d. ' l Cli ( , ttone ase t t ta laecouns wa i fci f rfii 'o n am B)peii r srs ha ppelt el s nefe tve o alng ' t p o e l p e aea dag e' i d u l j o r ycam .Th S p e Co r o Vigni rj ce r p ry r p r n r u 'h s o b e e pad li e u r me u t f r i a ee td t scli ,tndi t tt r co d ( m onsr t t ta l t couns lpr s nt peii rs hi am i ng ha he e r t de taes ha ppelae e e e ed ttone ' doubl jopad cl m andi wasconsdee ont me isb t Cour ofAppe s whih hed e e r y ai t i rd he rt y he t al, c l t tt c r a os fo s par t a ditnc i i nt . Bur sv.Di.N o.1 273 a 2.l ha he ha ges r e r m e ae nd si t ncde s' ' ge r, 01 t t f t zde e nedt tpeii r( al dt de onsr t t tc urhe t nni ha ttone t ie o m tae ha ouns lspe f r nc wa f e ' r o ma e s dek i nt' ort tthe ei ar s na epr t e , ha t r s ea o bl obabiiyt t butf co elsal ged e r r , t ' t lt ha , or uns ' le r o s he r ul oft pr e ng woul ha be dif r t' JJ es t he oc edi d ve en fe en . 1. ' . Appe lt c la e ouns i notr quie t a s r e yoo eva e dam on a el s e r d o s e t ver nv i bl i ppea . The l U nied St es Supr e Cour hasr t at em t ecogni t i i good srat on appealt i i y and zed hat t s t egy o dentf pr s ntonl t s r es i s s a a g e s Se J ee y he tong t s ue nd r um nt . ç onesv. Bar nes,463 U . 745,751-53 S. (1 )( ns c 983 cou el annotbef i fe tvef fii t r ieeveynon-rvol is ound nefci or alng o as r fi ous sue i ntfedby adee nt,Thi a om i tuebe aus C ppelaecouns li gve sgnika de ii fnda ) s xi s r c e ç lt a e s i n i t nt l tt t de l p asr t gy t tm a o i m e iorouscai si or rt a d b yi is si aiude o ve o ta e ha y m t rt i l m n de o voi ur ng s ue n alg l u ge' Bu k t v. g l n , 08F.d 1 2 1 9(t Ci. 0 ) Th poc s o e a j n l. r et An eo e 2 3 7 , 8 4 h r 2 00 . e r e s f ' çû nnowi outwe kera gum e s'' isoc i on't em or lke y t pr va l'Cst :wi ng a r nt 'and tf usng hos e i l o e i' t he i halmakofefeci 'advoc y.Smih v.Mura 477U. 5 536( 986) Peii rf l l r f tve' ac t ry, S. 27, 1 . ttone aied t e tb ih p eu iea ted u l j o a d cam wo l n t a eva ae tec n ito s a d o sa ls rj dc s h o be e p r y li u d o h v c td h o vcin , n c ouns lw a notdefc e f c e s i i nt or hoos ng ot ra gum e st r i e on a al i he r nt o a s ppe . l Cli ( ,peii ra srst ta laec e wasi fci f fii t n am C) ttone se t ha ppelt ouns l nefe tve or alng o r s a c a pr pa e a a a i t Su e e Cour ofVi gi a. Pe ii ne c pl i t t e e r h nd e r n ppe l n he pr m t r ni tt o r om a ns ha a laec e meel t ha d)t co rpa a t sgnaur bl ka t end'ofa ppelt ounsl r y t ngel he ve ge nd he i t e oc t he ' n c a lae bre fl by adif r nta t ne i t Cour ofAppe sofVigi a l f t f c sa ppel t if ied fe e tor y n he t al r ni, e t he a t nd t a gum e tunc nge a f ie t a l ge e r oft r i oft Cour ofA ppe l of he r n ha d, nd a l d o le r or he ulng he t as Vigi a.TheSuprmeCour ofVigi arjct t scai fndi t tt r or tncl ng r ni e t r ni ee ed hi l m,i ng ha he ec d,t udi i t fnalor roft s Cour ,de o t a est tt a alw a r f e on t m ert a w a no he i de hi t m nsr t ha he ppe s e us d he is nd s t pr dm a l d s i s d f rf iur t pr pe l a sgn e r r ' l a s no e t te oce ly i m s e o a l e o o r y s i r o . t l o t d ha ouns lt a ' e t s w bot byt i s r s d a de de i t Cour ofAppe s' ed o t Rulsoft md he s ues aie nd ci d n he t al'bas n he e he Supr me Cour ofVig ni Thus i c udedt tcouns ldi notvi a e Sti kl e t r i a. , t oncl ha e d olt rc and. I e a la e c nde d, ppe l t ouns w a bound t a gue onl t e i s st tha bee bo h el s o r y hos s ue ha d n t pr s r d i t tilc ta pr e e on a e e ve n he ra our nd es nt d ppea t t Cour ofAppea s Hom e v.De tof l o he t l. r p' M e a Heat 268Va.18 19 597S. 2d202,206( 4)(al et a sg cos-rorona ntl 1h, 7, 4, E. 200 fiur o sin r ser n is t Cour ofAppeasdi notadd e swavesf t ra lt rviw oft is ) Thus sue he t l d r s i urhe ppelae e e he sue. , 14 heco d notr s new i s f a ali t Su e eCour. The Supr ul aie s ues or ppe n he pr m t eme Co tofVig ni ur ri a co i r d t m e isoft pe ii di notdimisi f rpr e alr as ,a t , nsde e he rt he tton, d s s t o oc dur e ons nd, hus pettone doesnotde ii r monsr ea prj cefo a laec elsfiur t a sg er rt tat ny eudi rm ppelt ouns ' al e o sin ro o t de son oft Cour ofAppea s Se She sv.Ca te 263 Va 407, 1 559 S. 2d 61 he cii he t l . e et sl , . 41 , E. 6, 61 ( 2) Theefr ,c ns di notpef m defce l 9 200 . r o e ou el d ror iinty. I Cli ( , iine ase t t ta lt c elwa i feci f fii io n am E) petto r s rs ha ppelae ouns s nef tve or alng s t pr rypr pa e a a gue't pettone ' s fc e y oft evi nc cli on die ta ope l e r nd r ' he ii r s ufiinc he de e am r c ppea . l Th S p e Co r o Vign arj de t scam, i i t a t er c dû e n tae ta e u rme u t f r ii ee d hi li fndng h t h eor ç mo srts h t d a la cc ppe lt ouns lpr s nt d pe ii rss fc e y oft e de ec am a i wa c i r d e e e e ttone ' ufii nc he vi nc l i nd t s onsde e on t me is'a t tc he rt ' nd ha ouns lç r e d gued al k ofphysca e de e,l k ofco r ai a ac i l vi nc ac robor tng mediale de e, t vi i ' c lci t si on ' To t e e pettone a gue t t c vi nc and he ctm s onti tng e tm y. ' he xt nt ii r r s ha a lt c e s ul ha i udedCli ( ( i hi a alpeii rf l t etbls a ppelae ounsl ho d ve ncl am D)v) n s ppe , ttone ais o sa ih Si h Ame m e vi a i No hi i t r c d s gesst tt vi tm l c a ca ct xt nd nt ol ton. t ng n he e or ug t ha he ci a ked ny pa iy t t siy a o e tf boutwha s die ty e re ed bewe n hera pe ii r l wasnot t he r c l xpe inc t e nd ttone . t unr a ona e f a lt c e s bl or ppela e ouns lt purueo he , or vibl a la ec am st n t vitm ' e o s t r m e a e ppe lt l i ha he c i s c pa t Smih,477 U. a 536. Furhe m o e, ralc a ciy. t S. t t r r ti ouns ldi notr s t vi tm ' c pa iy e d aie he ci s a c t a a is du i til a t a gum e woul bewa ve on die r viw . s n s ue rng ra , nd he r nt d i d rd e e l Cl m ( ,peii ra s rst tti c e wa i fci frfii t co n ai F) ttone s et ha ral ouns l s nefe tve o alng o nducta n i si ton i o whehe am e c le m i ton ha bee pe f m e on t vitm . The nve tga i nt t r di a xa nai d n ror d he c i S p e Co r o Vign arj ce t i cam,i dn ta ter c r d e nsrtst ta u r me u t f r ii ee td hs li fn ig h t h e o d i mo tae ha d m edi exam i i w asnotperf m ed because t sx- - d vi i del cal naton or he i year ol ctm ayed r eportng t i he a sul. I alonotdt ttg sars toft dely,ame c e mi tonwoul nothave sa t' t s e ha tal e ul he a ' dial xa nai d 15 pr uc d a e de oft a s ul'a t tpeii rf ied (o pr dea a fda tfom t od e ny vi nce he s a t' nd ha ttone a l l ovi n fi vi r he t m e c le m i rt ve iy t thi t tm ony w o d ha s di a xa ne o r f ha s es i ul ve uppor e t pe ii r s de e e. l t d he ttone ' f ns ' t ' he dt tpeii rha tf ie t de l ha ttone d çal d o monsr t t c tae hat ouns lspero ma ewa dei int'ort t e ' f r nc s tce ,' ha S he ei ar s bl pr biiyt t butf cou e ' alege e s t r ul oft d r s ea ona e oba lt ha , t or ns ls l d nor , he es t he pr ee ng woul havebe dif r nt' oc di d en fe e . ' The r c d pli y de onsr t t tt vi i di notha am ediale m i i The e or anl m taes ha he ctm d ve c xa naton. s xua ofe e t kplcei t s e l fns s oo a n he umme of2006.( a 6162) Thesx-ea- dvitm r Trn. - . i y rol ci d a drpo tngt ofe est he mohe untllt Nove r2006.td. 0. W he elye e ri he fns o r t r i ae mbe L= 1 ) n Ca mpbel co a t d t ewor ng i a e e ge yr m a ahos t li Cha l ts le, he l nt c e hos ki n n m r nc oo t pia n rote vil t y e ai d t he t ta m e c le m i ton w oul be us e s a w oul notpr xpl ne o r ha di a xa na i d el s nd d oduc an e y physc e de eoft a s ul.(d.51)Asars toft delyi rpo tng,hevi m di not ial vi nc he s a t 1 . e ul he a n e ri t di d ha amedi le mi ton.(d. Fu t r r , tto rdi notofe a e de t s ve ca xn nai 1 ) rhemo e peiine d fr ny vi nce o uppor t hi c a m t tt vi tm i f thad a m edi ale m i ton. Se B e ve v.Thom ps 93 F. s l i ha he c i n ac c xa na i e a r on, 3d 11 11 ( hCi.1 (tA) algai ofi deq t i si tondoesnotwarntha as 86, 95 4t r 996) t( n le ton na uae nve tgai ra be rle absntapr frofwha fvo a ee de eort tmonywoul ha bee pr e ' ; eif e ofe t a r bl vi nc esi d ve n oduc d.l ' Ba s tev.Thomps n,91 F. 932,940- ( hCi.1 ( di peii rmus alge s et o 5 2d 41 4t r 990) hol ng ttone t le û ta a quaei tgai woul ha r ve e ' s wha n de t nvesi ton d ve e ald. ). l Cli ( , tto e a s rst tra c u s l sief ci ef rf iigt s po n n am G) pei n r se t ha til o n e wa n fe tv o aln o ub e a i and c l s i s r e swor rAniaLong asawine st dee m i whehe o no t vi tm a l ocal e vi e ke t t s o tr ne t r r t he ci hadame c e mi ton.TheSupr Cour ofVigni rjce t scli tndi t t dial xa nai eme t r i a ee td hi am,i ng ha tcounsels û poke w ih Long i pr t n eparaton fort cas and det m i t hert tm ony woul be i he e er ned hat esi d de r m e a t pe ii r s c e ' nd pe ii r f l t s ti nt l o ttone ' as ' a ttone aied o how eiherde i i ntpe f m a e or t tce r or nc 16 P eu ie rj d c . Pe ii ne sm iary f ie t pr f ri t i tntorsa eha a pr ee ngst tto r i l l a ld o ofe n he nsa t t be s oc di he s t nc ofLong' pur t d t tm ony i or rt e t bls wha t w ine sw oul ha ubs a e s por e es i n de o s a i h t he t s d ve t siid a ho t tt tmony woul ha be n f vor bl t hi . Peii rc nnote t bls e tfe nd w ha esi d ve e a a e o m ttone n sa ih p eu ief rh sc u s lsf i r t c lawin s u ls hema e a afr tv s o n wh t rj d c o i o n e' al e o al t e s n e s u k s n fimaie h wig a t twines wo dha s i Bur rv.Ke 483U. 776, ( 987)( di t tpeii r ha t s ul ve ad. ce mp, S. 793 1 hol ng ha ttone coul nots prj cewheehedi nots ta afi i fom t wines e t ls ngt t d how eudi r d ubmi n fdavt r he t s sabihi ha t ewin s wo l ha eo frd s bsa ta miiaige i n ei h h dtsiid .F rh r r, h t e s u d v fee u tnil tg tn vde c f e a e tfe ) u temo e t vi tm di nothave a m e c le m i ton. he c i d di a xa na i I Cli ( ,peii ra srsti c e wasi fci f f lngt s n am H) ttone se t ral ouns l nefe tve or aii o ubpoe ûhe na d t pe s i t r w a one, ho conduc e t m e ca e m i ton' oft vi tm . The Supr m e r on, f he e s w t d he di l xa na i ' he c i e Co r o Vign arj ce t scam, idn t a t erc r t e nsr tst a ame ia u t f r ii ee td hi li fn ig h t h e o d ç mo tae h t dc l d e m i ton w a notper or e be aus t sx- rol de a ed r por i t a s t'a not d xa na i s f m d c e he i yea - d l y e tng he s aul' nd e t tt pe ii rf l d t o i ntf t potnta wine sorpr vi an a fda tfo t wine s ha he ttone aie t de iy he e il t s t o de fi vi r m he t s pu pori w ha hi orhe t s i ony woul ha bee ' Pe ii rha note t bls d t ts h a r tng t s r e tm d ve n.' ttone s s a i he ha uc wine se s s wha t wines w o d ha t sii d,orhow t t si t s xit, t he t s ul ve e tte he e tmony wo d be f r bl ul avo a e. I d, her or de onsr t ss h awine sdoesnote s snc no m e c le m i ton was ndee t ec d m ta e uc t s xit i e di a xn na i pe f r e r o m d. l Cli () peii ra s rst ttilco e wasi fe vef fii t i si t n am 1, ttone s et ha ra unsl nefdi or alng o nvetgae t t r pi tt w hom t vi tm a l ge y m a he i ta c a m s ofs xua a e. The Supr m c he he a s o he c i le dl de r nii l l i e l bus e Co tofVigi arjce t scam,fndi t tt rc dide nsr t t tc e ur r ni ee td hi li i ng ha he e or ç mo taes ha ouns l i ervi ed al w iness r nt ew l t es equesed by pettoner'and t couns tw as unaw ar oft t t ii ' hat el û e he herapit s u tl h v ci smohe tsiid'a dn tdt a c u e d b e tdt t i tsi n (yte n it e itm' t r e tfe ' n oe h t o ns lé j ce o h s etmo y b h o vitm' moheqandt obeci wa s t ne ' Thus bas ontilcouns lss ti ci s t r he j ton s usai d. ' , ed ra e' usaned o j ci n tetilc u t i n tc n ie t etsi n a u tes h o c u s lra e i e c be to ,h ra o r dd o o sd r h etmo y bo t h c o l o n eo s v d n e a an t eiin r a dh fist e tbl ha yprj d c . g is p tto e , n e al o sa i n eu ie s I Cl m () peii a s rst ttilcou elwasi fe i f f lngt i a h n ai J, ttoncr s e t ha ra ns nefctve or aii o mpe c Ca mpbel' ti t tm ony by poi i outt he t si o wa Ss i r di east be ls ral esi ntng hat r e tm ny s to nc e bl o l eiv be' Th Su rmeCo r ofVignarj ce t scam,i dn t a t erc r mb l a l. e p e e ' u t r ii ee td hi li fn ig h t h e od, incl ng t ti lta c i andt afi vi ofc û udi he ra r ns rpt i he fda t ouns l de e , monsr t t tco else ie ta es ha uns ' ntr de e e sr t gy w a t i pea h t m ot r st tm ony a t m a he t tm on a f ns t a e s o m c he he ' esi nd o ke r es i y ppea r i r di e a unbeleva e. nc e bl nd i bl ' ' Tr a col s l sc os - xam i ton ofCa pbel s nne t e y- ne pa oft t i l il m e' r se na i m l pn d w nt ni ges he ra ta ci .( an.24- ,56. Specfc ly,ralc ms lquesi d Ca rnsrpt Tr 51 ) iial ti ot e tone mpbelr gadi he s s l e r ng r on' rlto hi wihhe daughtr(d. 25)herrc lci oft dae t peii rwaslvi eains p t r e 1 24- , e ole ton he ts he ttone i ng wihhe td 27) he rs nt ntt r t peii rbec us ofhe s pii t theha a t r L= , r e e me owads he ttone a e r us con ha dn afi wihhi e wie(d.28- ,35,he t e t t t peii rr r ngt i r ai hi a far t s x- f I 31 ) r hras o he ttone egadi her eltons p nd hi plnst moveout(d.32- ,a herr c lci oft dat t peii rwa lvi wih s a o 1 34) nd e ole ton he es he ttone s i ng t her(d. 27 .Notbl eve wiho Ca 1 26- ) a y, n t ut mpbelst tmo t tilcour sat t tt l' esi ny, he ra t t ed ha he vi tm ' t tm ony a one w ass fci ntt pr t e e e s oft c i e . c i s esi l uf i e o ove he l m nt he r m s l Cl m ( , ii ra s rst ttilco e wasi fe tvef fii t obe tt n ai K) pettone s e t ha ra unsl nefci or alng o jc o Ca pbe lst si ony a t m l' e tm sû doubl hea s y a i m isbl unde Vigi a' çe en c e r a nd nad s i e r r ni s r c t ompli ' ant lw. TheSupr meCour ofVigi arj dt scam,fndi t tt r or û monsrt a ' ' e t r ni eede hi li i ng ha he ec d G de taes t tc e ob e tdt L mpbel tsiyi ast wha t vitm t dhe a he ra ' Tra ha ouns l j ce o ca l) etf ng o t he ci ol r s a sy. il ' 18 c u s lma et i e c o j cint Ca b l' tsi n a til (d.1 - 2. o n e d h s xa t be to o mp els e t y tra. 1 1 1 ) mo l Cl m ( , ttone ase t tilc e wa i feci f f lngt i a n ai L)peii r srs ra ouns l s nef tve or aii o mpe ch Ca mpbelsti t tmonyihats f outi J nuayt t(hevitmlha ma f t l' ralesi û he ound n a r ha t ci d de urher t camsa an tgeiin r wh c i ov dp n tain. Th Su rmeCo r o Vignarj ce li g is p tto ej ih nv le e erto ' e p e ' u t f r ii ee td t scli tndi t tCl ouns lcr se mi dt vitm' mot ra t posi edaes hi am,i ng ha icj e os-xa ne he ci s he bout he sbl t t of e esc d ha oc ur e a herc he f ns oul ve c r d, nd onve s tonsw ih pe ii rt ts di notbe i ve rai t ttone ha he d le he da r ught r' Tr a c e .' i l ouns ' s r t y durng t i la a e t ques i t c e biiy oft els t a eg i r a ppe r d o ton he r di lt he vi tm ' m ot ra t i pe h he t s i ony. ci s he nd o m ac r e tm I Cli ( )peii rase t ti c e wa i feci f f lngt i si t n am M , ttone srs ral ouns l s nef tve or aii o nvetgae phone c onve s i be w e n pe ii ne a t vi tm and f f ii t s r atons t e tto r nd he c i or a lng o ubpoe t na he peiin rsSa e j i p o c n e sto s' TheS p e Co r o Vigni rj ce ti cam, t o e ' d p d al h ne o v rain . t t ' u r me u t f r i a ee td h s li fndi t tt r c d l m ons r t st tc i ng ha he e or t de t a e ha ouns ldi c s d t t l phone c e s us e he e e onve s tons wih rai t pe ii ra f l a qua el pr pa ed t c os - xa i t w ines esaboutt c ttone nd e t de t y e r o r s e m ne he t s he onve s tons rai wiho e e i t tpe . ilc t ut ntrng he a s' a ouns lsa tda te ai d t tpeii ne a tilc uns 'Tr e ' fi vi xpl ne ha tto r nd ra o el di e s d t phone conve s tons be w e pe ii r a Ca pbe lû tl t a t o hl ' s us e he rai t en ttone nd m l t eng h nd hor ug y' a be or til a tilc f e ra , nd ra ouns lt spr pa ed't c os - xa i Ca pbel a e t wa e r ' o r s e m ne m l boutt s he e c onve s tons Tra c r a i . i l ouns la re t thebei ve t ta itngt s t pe woul bea e ve r d ha le d ha dm ti he e a s d m it be us hewa nots et tpe ii ne a c aey r me be ed e r hi t twa s i sake ca e s ur ha tto r c ur t l e m r ve yt ng ha s a d a t tt r c d beda a ng i onua i on t et pes nd ha he e oul m gi nf ton hos a . l f t tilc n ac, ra ouns lc os - xa i d Ca pbela e r s e m ne m l boutt s conve s tonsa wa a et he e rai nd s bl o elci som e dnm agi i or aton,lke t tCam pbel had been l it ng nf m i i ha l aughi aboutherdaught s ng er' a l ga i ofs xua a e w ih pe ii ra t ts t d pe ii ne s d d notbe i ve t le tons e l bus t ttone nd ha he ol tt o r he i le he algai .( a 45 47. Petto as tsii a t s vai phoneeo rai .td le tons Trn. - ) iiner lo etfed bout he e rous nvestons La 1 1 ) Peiinerdoesnotil taewha i or tonhebeiveswasont tpe phone 07- 0. tto lusrt tnf mai le he a d c onve s tonst tw a nots a ed a t i ort twoul ha be f vor bl t hi de e e. r a i ha s t t t ral ha d ve en a a e o s f ns l c l i pe ii r f ie t es a i h a Si h Am e n onc us on, ttone a l d o t bls ny xt ndm e vi aton oft rghtt nt ol i he i o e f vec fedi ouns l et rdurnghi ti lora a .Th ,he Supr m eCour ofVig ni s e , ihe i s ra ppe l us t e t r i a' a j iaino t e edamsween tc nrr t , ra u e s n b ea plc to o , lal dudc to f h s i r o o ta y o o n m a o a l p iain f ce ry e t bls d f r ll w ,orba e on a unr a o bl de e m i ton oft f t . A c or ngl 1 s a i he ede a a sd n e s na e t r na i he ac s c di y, di m i spe ii r s i f e tve a s s a ofc s s ttone ' ne f c i s i t nce ouns lcl i s e am . 11. 1 Fo t f eg ngr as ,lg a r ponde ' m o i t dim isand de a moot r he or oi e ons r nt es nts ton o s s ny s pe ii r sm o i n f r a hea i Bas d upo m y f ndi t tpe ii rhasno m ade t ttone ' t o o rng. e n i ng ha ttone t he r st s t nta s equiie ubsa i l howi ofade a ofa c tt i lrghta r quied by28 U. C. ng ni l onsiutona i s e r S. j2253c)1 ,aCe tfcaeofAppe a lt i de e ( () rii t albiiy s nid. The Cl r i diec ed t s nd a c oft s M e or ndum Opi on a t a co pa ng ek s r t o e opy hi m a ni nd he c m nyi Or rt pe ii ra c de o ttone nd ouns ofr co d f rt r s el e r o he e ponde . nt ENTER:Thi s da ofAugus,2011 y t . S ni U nie St esD i ti tJ e or t d at s rc udg 20
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