-RSB Frye et al v. Hodges et al, No. 7:2011cv00095 - Document 56 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 12/30/2011. (rkc)

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CL Q 'CFl. U,. I . RT QRK N C2 S D W COU u x sy joAxoc p A (j M c. . . FIQD L I TH E UN I N TED STA TES DI STR I C O U R T CT DE2 32 2 1 21 FO R TH E W ESTER N D I STRI T O F V I G I I C R N A JULI C. . L A ERK RO A N O K E DIVISI N O BY; ' lRv E,GEORGE M .ANo LI ? NDA s. , I DI I CA LL v ,AN D A s N V D AOM I STR ATORS oF THE ESTATE NI o F G EO RG E M CA FE E FRV E,1 1 DE L E N.. . Ci lA c i N o.7: - v- 095 vi ton 11 c 00 ( c as d) de e e Pl ntf , ai ifs M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N ON RILEY H O D G ES,etaI, . Defendant s. By:Sam uelG .W is l on Unied Stat D i ri Judge t es st ct A dipa c rf t Fr i Co y She ifsOfi edipa c d De y She ifRie s t he or he ankln unt rf' fc s t he put rf ly Hodgest co o nduc a C lbe ng' c c a a Fr nkln Cot t V igi a hom e ba e on a r por t t - i ' he k t a i wel m y, r ni sd e t t ts s ha be n fr d t r ea le t tda N otl afe hi a r va , od hea d a l ha hot d e i e he e ri r ha y. ong t r s r i l H ges r oud m aevo c a f mal c yi a a l t l i e, e e r ng, nd oud hump.Thef m ae c met t doorwih bl onhe e l a o he t ood r nos and Hodge s w apoolofbl o t foor Hodgese er d t hous a c r ed e, s a ood n he l . nt e he e nd onfont Ma Fr ,J.( x)whowashol ngas nos rvol r l i ce fom a a orc di x ye r Ma , di nub- e e ve . t s lar r n udi e or ng oft e ount t tHodg t d M a no f w e t n sxt n tm e t putdo n t r vol ras he nc er ha es ol x e r ha i ee i s o w he e ve a e i ly c r ve ba at r a i c i d bewe n M a a t woma who a we ed n motonal ha ged r l le c ton ontnue t e x nd he n ns r t door M axeve ual plce t r ve a hi f tf as tpe i oftm ebe or he . nt ly a d he evol r t s ee or hor rod i f e r tivi i.Hodge a n c ma ere ng t s gai om ndedM a numer ustme t dr t r vol rt no a i. x o i s o op he e ve o val Ra he t n d op i asH odge c m a d, a fr d a r t r ha r t s om nde M x ie ound a t n,ne r y i t nt ne l nd he a l ns a a ous y, H odges fr atM ax,s rki hi ei tm es and kilng hi .M ax' par s,Geor and Li i ed t i ng m ght i li m s ent ge nda Fr ,w ho a e t a i sr t s ofhi es a e, ve b o ye r he dm ni ta or s t t ha r ughtt s a ton pur ua t 42 U . C. hi c i s nt o S. j1 a saelw agans Hodge ,cami t tHodg us de e svef ce EwelHuntt 983 nd tt a it s li ng ha es e xc s i or ; l ,he f me Fr nkln Cou y She if f f lng t pr rytan Hodge ;The e aFe t rt ,a or r a i nt rf , or aii o ope l r i s r s a he sone dipac f t Fr nkln Count She ifsOfi e f f ii t t a o it a ton e ri r s ther or he a i y rf tc , or a lng o ake ppr pra e c i a le i t da a va i t n he y; nd r ous ç unknow n e pl yee ' on va i gr m o s' r ous ounds H o e r i i cl a fom t . w ve , t s e r r he un- onta ced e de et tHodgessus ofde y f cei t r pi y e vi a c r di t vi nc ha ' e adl or n he a dl vol ng nd d n eo scru tn e h c n r ne wa n t b e t eyu ra o a l .Asa1o t e a g r u ic msa c s e o fo td s o o j ci l n e s n b e v l fh pl ntf s'c a m s a e bas d on t uns ai if l i r e he uppored as e to t tH odge sus ofde dl f c unde t s ri n ha s' e a y or e r tecru tn e wa o j cieyu ra o a l,h c u t rn ss mmayj d me t oal h ic msa c s s b e tv l n e s n be t e o r g a t u r u g n t l de e nt . f nda s 1 . M a lve wihhi gilre J i Hars (ule,a herr sde i FrnklnCouny, x i d t s rfind, ule rion J i) t e i nce n a i t V ig ni D urng t c s ofa a gtm e on J y 2 2 1 J i a M a s r i a. i he our e n r l nt ul 4, 0 0, ule nd x poke w ih M a s t x' pa e s Geor a Li Fr o s ve aloc aso .I be me a r ntt M r a M r . y r nt, ge nd nda ye, n e r c i ns t ca ppa e o . nd s Fr e t tM a and J i w e e ar ng,t tt i a gu e w a e c l tng, t tt r wasa f r a m ha x ule r gui ha he r r m nt s s a a i and ha he e ie r pr s nt Conc r d, r andM r . ye viiedt Fr nkln Count She ifsOfl e a s ee . e ne M . s Fr st he a i y rf tc nd poket o The e a Fe t r t ,t di pa c r The r q s e w ihouts c s t t1 w e o c m e r s a he s one he s t he . y e ue t d, t uc es , ha a nf r e nt ofi e s a co pa t t c r c m ny hem t J i sr s de t dif e t a g e . La er f l w i t o o ule' e i nce o f us he r um nt t , olo ng w a ny ous911 c l f om a s ngl c le t ta s tha be n fr a J i s r s de e, no m als r i e a l r ha ho d e ied t ule' e i nc Fe t rt i or e Hodge oft c lsa dipa c d Hodgest c a he sone nf m d s he a l nd s t he o onduc aC l- i ' t t lbeng' we c k oft r i e. Hodgeswa f miirwih J i ,M a a J i se hus nd, nd kne hec he esdenc s a la t ule x, nd ule' x- ba a w ofJ i sa M a sr lto hi Upon a vi Hodge lmmedt thewa a J i s ule' nd x' ea i ns p. ni ng, se ha s t ule' r i nce.Hes pecedt tJ i se hus nd o M a wa pr s nt esde us t ha ule' x- ba r x s e e . Hodge w a a c pa e by a i e n whe he a rve a J i sr i nc butt i e n s s e om ni d n nt r n r i d t ule' esde e, he nt r wmsnota ho i ed t as i ti l w e or e e ta r m a ne i Hodg ' pa r c r Hodge ut r z o s s n a nf c m n nd e i d n es s t ol a . s we tt t sdedooroft r sde whee hehead a gl e t a s n o he i he e i nce r r r tm n s nd oundsi cai t ta ndi tng ha n C ctveasa t' si pr es.( t i sul'wa n ogr s HodgesDe ,Do ke No. - p. ) Hodge i ditl a p. c t #533, 305. s mme aey a tva e hi w iees mi r c i t d s r l s c ophone, c r i daci e durngt e ie i i nt Ho es whih emane tvatd i he ntr ncde . dg uns c s f ly a tmptd t f c hi wa t ough t bole doora i ntfe hi s l a a uc e s u l te e o or e s y hz he td nd de ii d m ef s Fr nkln Count polceofi r J i ope dt door He nos wa bl a i y i fce . ule ne he . r e s oody,t r wa apoolof he e s bl on t foor a M a sood hol ng a s nos r vol r I m e a el H odge dr w hi ood he l , nd x t di nub- e e ve . m di t y, s e s own we pon, le f bac a ca ld or kup,a a las sxt e tme i t ced M a t putt r vol r nd t e t i e n i s nsnz t x o he e ve dow n. A1 t w hie J i a M a c i d t i e e i na l hea ed a gum e . M a 1 he l , ule nd x ontnue he r xc pto ly t r nt x t eae t kilhi el a a onepoi s dt tCfJ i ute g o mor wor i woul be hr tned o l ms f nd t nt ai ha t ule tred) ne e d,t d i t l twor t ts e rgai .'Hodge De ,Do ke No./ 3, 31 ) Eve ual M a he as d ha he ve s dl'( s p. c t /53- p. 8. nt ly, x pl c d t r vol rcos t hi f e , o y f s t l a t r ve r i dt cos a e he e ve l e o s e t but nl or hor whie, nd he evol r ema ne oo l e t M M f Hodg t gr b. o or es o a Thehe t d e ha sbet e J i a M a c ntnue m osl una t d,a wihout a e xc nge we n ule nd x o i d ty ba e nd t bac up Hodge di notf e hec d s f y ltet rla hi sght k s d e l oul a el e ihe e ve s i .Oncea i M axpike up gan, c d t r vol r a o a n Hodge de nde num e o tme t tM a putt r vol rdown. he e ve , nd nce gai s ma d r us i s ha x he e ve Thi tm e M a fr d t r vol r and Hodg r po ed i t nt ne l fr ng t e ve t si x i e he e ve , es es nd ns a a ous y, i i w l o t re n qui s satM a , kilng hi . hit e ck hot x li m 1 1On M a l1 20l1 be or t i a we swe edue t defndant s itdt r cor ngoft i den y , , f e her ns r r , he e s ubm te he e di he nci t a a e hbia dmo e frsmmayj d me t ntego n sta Ho g sdi no u ee c siefre te wee s n x i t n v d o u r u g n o h ru d h t d e d t s x esv oc ,h y r e il t qualfedi ntted o ii mmuniy,a t y we eohe s no la eunde Vigi al Pl ntfss r d t nd he r t rwie t ibl r r ni aw. ai if eve i er tre andr quessf pr ton ofdocumensa r que td a r ceve a e e i oftm et r pl t ntrogao is e t or oduc i t nd e se nd e i d n xtnson i o e y o d fn a t' u r u g n moin.Plitfste flda a n dc mplita dngTeeaFeteso ea d ee d ns s mmayj d me t to anif h n ie n me de o an , d i r s ah rtn n unknownde tesa de e nt,s r a to dic r andr s nde t deenda s mo i f s pui s f nda s e ved ddiinal s ove y, epo d o f nt' ton or ummay r j d me tha te h drc ie n dso eyrso s sa dta d fn a t'smmayj d me tmoinwa u g n t th y a e ev d o ic v r ep n e n h t ee d ns u r u g n to s pe tr .Th c u t adag me to d fn a t' to frs mmayj d me ta do panif' beto ta rmau e e o rher ru n n ee d ns moin o u r u g n n n litfs o jcin h t t motonwaspr matr Deenda sas e td quaiid i he i e tle. f nt s re lfe mmuniy,a fom pli if c t nd, r antfs' ompli a t a o ant nd he udi r or ng oft s tng i de ,i a a e t beu c rdit t ti t c s ofarpi yevol ngand ec di he hoo i nci nt t ppe r d o n- onta ced ha n he oure a dl vi e oto l c r d dom e tc diput i whih hi lf a J i slf we ee m inaly ha ge si s e n c s ie nd ule' ie r ndangeed,Hodgesha onnum e o r d r us oc sonsi tuce M a t dr hi r ve ,t tM a i t dfr t we pon,a t tH odge i tntne l ca i nsr td x o op s evol r ha x nsea ied he a nd ha s nsa a ousy rt ne fr .A lhoughunde t cr sa eur d ie t r he icum tncesi s e e lkel t tdefnda swe ee il t q ii t e m d i y ha e nt r ntted o ualfed i uniy, ai if i it t tt r we ef t i dipueast whe eM a waspoi i t r ve whe he mm t pl ntfs nssed ha he e r acs n s t o r x ntng he evol r n l. l Pl i if cli t tHodge vi a e M a sFo t Am e antfs a m ha s olt d x' urh ndme rg sby r ori t nt i ht es tng o de y f ce t tt r a e que tonsoff c s r adl or , ha he e r si a t uroundi t s co ors condswhe M M fr d ng he e nd e n ie t rv le a Ho g srt r e fr , n t a to efcsp e l es mma yj d me ta t he e ov r nd d e eu n d ie a d h t h s a t rcud u r u g n s o t i j1 cai Howe r t c ti nofcsi diput t taemaei a c l her 983 l m. ve ,he our fnds a t n s e ha r tral nd oncudes i t a t t a a m a t rof l w ,Hodg had pr bl c us t be i ve t tM a pos d a ns e d ha , s te a es oba e a e o le ha x e n i ne tt e tofs rousphysca ha ordeah t Hodg a J i a t tf t ra trt mmi n hr a ei i l nn t o es nd ule nd ha urhe fe -he f tpa s ng oft sbr e i t nti tm e i t a r nt d. A c di y, t c tg a s Hodge ' ac r i hi i f ns a n i s mw r a e 2 cor ngl he our r nt ss moinf rsu mayj g n o t eg omdta Ho g sddn t s e e sv f rea dg a t to o tn r ud me t n h r t h t d e i o u e xc s ie o c n r ns s mmayj g n frHu ta dFe te so e a welb c us t ercamsaep e sdo t e u r ud me t o n n ah rt n , s l, e a e h i li r r mie n h e s e e ofa exc s i f c cl i . xit nc n e s ve or e a m 3 Thecli t tapolc ofi e us d e es i f cebe or ordurng a a r ti a l ed am ha ie tc r e xc sve or f e i n res s nayz unde t Fourh A m endm e a ys sf s i le . Und t ta l i ,a polce ofi e m a r he t nt nal i or e zt s r er ha na ys s i fc r y e oyd dl f cetg heet ofi rha pr bl c us t beivet tt s pe tpos sa mpl ea y or twl r he tce s oba e a e o le ha he us c e fr i.Be us t Supr Cour ha m adeicla t tqualfe i uniyi a i muniy fom s tr t rt a led t ca e he eme t s t e r ha iid mm t s n m t r ui ahe han meedefns t Ia lt a ha sr s e ihei tnceofr s vi i r e e o ibiiy nd s te s d ç mpora t e ol ng mmuniy que tonsa t e ri tposi e t si t he a les sbl sa ei liain'Hu trv. v n, 0 U. 2 4, 2 (9 1 ( rc ra ,h c u ti tddso eyt te tg n ig to , ne Bra t5 2 S. 2 2 7 1 9 )pe uim)te o r lmi ic v l o h t ' e de ii ofHod andJ i,t onl t peronsi t hous whent s tng oc r d.Thos de iins postons ges ule he y wo s n he e he hoo i cure e posto unde s r t da r cicumsanc Hodgesc r t whe hes M a a t tno f t rdic r i rco e he ngeous r t es onfoned n hot x nd ha urhe s ove y s wa rnt ra ed. 2S mmayj d me ti a p o raewh nth pedn stedso eya ddsls r maeil o fl, n u r u g n s p r pit e t e la ig ,h ic v r n ico ue tras n i a d t e a yaf vt s w ta teei n g n n isea t a ymaeilfc a dta temo a ti e tldt j d me t n fi i ho h th r s o e uie su s o n tra at n h th v n s nie o u g n da s t a amatro lw. Fe R. v. 5 ()2) Th p rymo n frsmmayjdg n b asteb r e o s te f a ' d. Ci P. 6c( . e at vig o u r u me t e r h u d n f ' i or i t cour oft bassf ism oi a i iyi t epa t oft r or whih de onsrt t nf m ng he t he i or t ton, nd dentf ng hos rs he ec d c m tae he a sn eo ag nun is eo maeila t Ceoe Co p v. tet4 7U. 31 , 2 ( 9 6.l rve n a b e c f e ie su f tra fc. ltx r . Cart, 7 S. 7 3 3 1 8 ) n e iwig smmayj d me t t nu d rRue5 ,hec utç s d a alu tta l i ee c si fv ro teno mo ig u l u g n moi n e l 6 t o r i t rw lj si be nfrn e n a o f h n vn o mu i p ry' UntdSae v CaoiaTrnf r rCo, 7 F2 8 2, 3 (t Ci.l 9 )(iigAnd ro v Liet at. i tts . r ln a some .9 8 .d 3 8 5 4h r 9 2 ctn ' e es n . b rv Lo b I c, 7U. 2 2 25 (9 6 b y.n .47 S. 4 , 5 1 8 :. 3 Ho g ssato sweeo jcieyrao a e tec u t edn t d r s frh r n camsa ant As d e ' cin r be tv l e sn bl,h o r n e o a des u te a y li g is Hun, ah rtn , n t et n n wn' ee d ns S eHi l v Ci o Clr su g 81F.d41 , 2 (t Ci. tFeteso e a d h t k o 'd fn a t. e nke . t f akb r , 3 6 4 0 4h r u y 1 9 )Cl tea e c o a u d ryigu eo e c siefre. . la lycn t pae o ete ten n 9 6 n h bsn e f n n el n s f x e sv o c . ,ibit a no be lc d n i r h o i h so tn ofc r, s p r io, rteCi .)Plitfsas c ncd dd rn ag me to temoinfrsmmay h oig fiesa u e vs ro h t '. anif lo o e e u ig r u n n h to o u r y' j d me th tal te camsaeprmie o tee c siefrecam. u g n ta loh r li r e sd n h x e sv oc li t e ofs i physc lha m , t rt t ofi ro t o he s'Tenne s ev. r r 471U. hr at erous i a r eihe o he fce r o t r .' s ç Ga ne , S. 1 1l(1 5) Thei r i al ysoneofS jctv r s blnes.'Anofi rsa tonsae , 98 . nquiy s wa l e ie eaona e s' ob fce ' ci r note e sv un rt Fourh Ame nti t yaeûo j ci l ra ona e'i lghtoft xc sie de he t ndme f he r i b e tvey e s bl n i t he fcsa crumsa esconfontng( ml wihou rgadt ( s undel ngi e o a t nd ic tnc r i hi , t t e r o hi) ryi ntnt r motvain. Grha v. i to ' a m Connor 490U. 38 397( 989 .iBec us t i ofier aeofe ' , S. 6, 1 ) t a e polce fc s r tn f re t ma es lts c ndj d me t- i cru tnc st a a etns , nc ran, n rp dy o c d o k p i e o u g n s n ic msa e h t r e e u e ti a d a i l e v np 't f ct m us be eva uat d f om t pe s tve o a r a ona e of i e on t s e vol i he a s t l e ' he r pec i f e s bl f c r he c ne, r a t us ofhi i mus bea ded. W aema v.Batn,393F. 471, nd he e ndsght t voi ' tr n ' to 3d 476-77( hCi. 4t r 2 0 )( u tn Grh m, 9 U. a 3 7 (nen lctto so te l4 0 5 q oig a n 4 0 S. t 9 ) itr a i in mitd . a Ass rousa aFourh Ame m e e e sve f r r s tng i de t c am i, hec t ei s t nd nt xc s i o ce e uli n a h l i s t our wil o b lb rt ef csa yf rh r Nofi- n e u yc u dl tnt teu a sie a d o l n t ea o h a t n u te . armid dj r o l i e o h n sald u i s r c di oft se nta f i t r og z t tar l papabl t e tofde t t Hodge a e or ng hi ve nd a l o ec nie ha ea, l e hr a ah o s nd J i w a buta s i- e nd a ule s plt s co way. W e m a notkno pr c s y whe e M a w aspoi i t y w e i el r x ntng he 4Quaiid i ni as a p ist e c s ief r ecams a t is e o e c s i ef r ea d q aiid lf mmu t lo p le o x e sv o c li , nd he su s f x e sv o c n u l e e y f i uniy a enots i e t i a t be<teae a oneque ton,t bede de by t ti off t'Sa irv.Kaz, mm t r o ntrw ned s o ç t d s r si o ci d he rer ac. uce ' t 5 3U. 14(0 ) 3 S. 9 2 01. < aiidi nt s edsg v r me tofcasp ro migdicein r fmcinsfo p ro ai l- mmu iy hil o en n fiil efr n srto ay t to rm esn l ou te c p ct l bit frcvid ma e u d rj1 8 ,n oa a terc n uc d e n t oaece ryetbih d a a i i ly o i l a g s n e 9 3 is fr s h i o d t o s o vilt lal sa ls e y a i s t o yorc tt i rght ofwhih ar s bl pes woul havek Gtl r t onsiutonal i s c ea ona e ron d nown.' mnbel v.Gal y,483F. 'Ca l lowa 3d 2 , 7 (t Ci. 00 )(iainso te ) Too ec meaq aiidi ni d fn e apanifi aj1 8 cs 58 2 0 4h r2 7 ctto mitd . v ro u lfe mmu t ee s, litf n 9 3 ae y mus s t tt defndantsaci de i dt pli ifofapr e e consiu i rghtandt tt rghtwas t how ha he e ' ton prve he antf otctd tttonal i ha he i s cl ry e tbls att tm eoft ta gr s i t tar s bl peronw o d ha be n a r ofi. o ea l sa ihed he i he rns e son ha ea ona e s ul ve e wa e t See Pero v Calh n 5 5U.. 2 , 31 3 ( 0 9; e as Ca b l, 3F.da 271 çlt c no r mutb asn . l a , 5 S 2 3 2 - 2 2 0 )se lo mp el48 3 t . t ls o tus s e a l s fci l cea t tar s bl ofiilw oul unde sa t twha hei doi vi a e t trght Thi i nott ufi enty l r ha ea ona e fca d rtnd ha t s ng olt s ha i . s s o s y t ta ofk i aci i pr e t by qu i edi muniyunls t vey a i i quesi ha pr vi l be n a ha n f al ton s otced alt m i t e s he r cton n ton s e ousy e hel unlwf l...;bu i i t s t ti t lghtofpr xitng1w t unl une smus bea r nt'Hopev. d a u t t s o ay ha n he i ee si a he awf l s t ppa e ' Pezr 5 6U. 7 , 3 (0 2 (i t nsa dq oainso te ) Thsi a nt rq ii ta a of c r a e le, 3 S. 30 7 9 2 0 ) ct i n u tto mi d . i s ki o e urng h t n t e h v ao t i ç a.wan n 't t ei viltn ac n t u i n l ih . i dS a e v La e , 2 U. 2 9 ( 9 7 .d tg n r l ç i r i g'ha h s o ai g o si to a rg t Unt tt s . nir 5 0 S. 5 1 9 ) t e ea fr t e Bu satm e soft l ar noti en l i pabl ofgi ng fi a cla war ng,a i ot ri t nc age r l t e nt he aw e nher ty nca e vi ar nd e r ni nd n he nsa es ne a c tt tona r eale y i ntfedi t de sonall m a a yw ihobvi ca iyt t s ik c onsiui l ul r ad de ii n he cii aw y ppl t ous lrt o he pect onduc i tn q eto e e to g tev r a to i q eto h s(o)pe iu l b e h l u lwf l' o , 3 U. a 7 1 u sin, v n h u h h ey cin n u sin a n t rvo sy e n ed na u. Ho e 5 6 S.t 4 ' (in La e, 2 U.. t2 ) ctto so te .Th rfr,ûfiil c nsil eo n tc ta terc n u t ct g nir5 0 S a 71 ( i in mitd) eeoe < fcas a tlb n o ie h t h i o d c i a o vi a e esa ihe lw e n i nove f t cr olt s tbls d a ve n l acual icumsa s'I tnce .' d. Hee,a t r i no c tt i vi ai t cou te isa l i ofpli if j 1 cai t r r s he e s onsiutonal olton, he r nds t nayss antfs' 983 l m he e. r ol erwhe hetr d i, twe dokn t tHodge al J i wer cos e ev v n ie t bu ow ha s rd ule e l e nough t bene . o xt5 I t wor oft Fourh Cicu t t-he Consiuton smpl doesnotr quie polcet ga bl n he ds he t r i, dl tt i i y e r i o m e wiht i lve ( i e t lvesofot s i t f eofasroust e ofhn m. SeeEli t t her i s or nde d he i her) n he ac ei hrat r ' ' lot v.Le vit99F. 640,641( h Ci.1 6) Ac or ngl t c tga st dee nt a t, 3d 4t r 99 . c di y,he our rnt he fnda s s mmayj d me ta t t ep an if'j1 8 cam. u r u g n s o h litfs 9 3 li 11 1. Pl ntfsa s cli t ,i addii t vi ai t i s sFourh Am e ai if lo a m hat n ton o oltng her on' t ndme rght, nt i s Hodgesi la ef wr uldeah a a sula batr unde Vigi asaelw.W hieûg n s ibl or ongf t nd sa t nd tey r r ni tt a l dal ofie ' la lt f t us ofe si f r et rj1 i notc eel Eo-xtnsve fc rs ibiiy or he e xce sve o c mde 983 s omplt y c e e i wih t co m on 1 t tla lt f ba t r ''Cl m v. be u, o. 1 ,2004 W L t he m aw or i biiy or te y,' e Cor a N 03- 831 906503, t*5(t Ci. i 29,2004)(uoi Fre nv.Fr nz 695F. 485, (t Ci. a 4h r Aprl q tng e ma a en, 2d 492 7h r 1 2:,t leaona eo u c sr f c (s t t hsoneofbot ca e ofa to 'Catr 98 l r s bl r nne esay ore iq he ouc t ur h us s cin.' re v.Rog r ,8 F. 11 11 ( hCi.1 6) Gi t c tsfndi t tHodge di no e s 05 2d 53, 58 4t r 98 . ven he our' i ng ha s d t u ee e sv f rea amatro lw, ofi- n e j r c udtndfrt eplitfso t i s xc sie o c s te f a n armid d u y o l i o h an if n her saelw cams a dtec u t rn st ed fn a t sz r j d me ta t a1o t s tt a li , n h o r ga t h ee d ns l mmay u g n s o l fho e ca m s6 li . 5Pl ntfscai t tt SheifsOfke' f itr t r pondmor q ckl ordifr ntyt t co r ai if l m ha he rf ' f s alze o es e ui y fe e l o he ncens t y e r s e beor t s tng c us t st tont e c ae.Thecam i noto y s c a i buti ma eil he xp e s d f e he hooi a ed he iuai o s alt li s nl pe ultve m t ra t tec utsa ay i o tee c siefrecam. e W aema v Batn 3 3F3 4 , 7(t Ci. 0 5 o h o r' n lss f h x esv oc li S e tr n . to , 9 .d 71 47 4h r 2 0 ) (l h rao a ln s o t of rsa t n i ce tn ted n eo sstaini n tee a toteFo rh <Tle e s n be e s fhe t ' ci s n raig h a g ru i to s o rlv n t h u t t ke o u Amendmenta yss r t r r s bl s i de emi dbas ont i onna i poses e by t ofi ra t nal i; ahe , ea ona ene s s t r ne ed he nf ton s s d he tce t he mo n t a f r ei e l y d' . me t h t o c s mp o e .) ' 6S mmayj d me t loma. ewarne b sdo oh rd fn e t pan if'tt Iw cams Se Va u r u g n as yb ra td ae n te ee ss o litfs sae a li . e . Co eAn . 1 .- 8 4 ( d rVigni lw, nap lc ofc rarssa idvd a frb a ds n af er d n j 82 2 28) Un e ri a a whe oie fie ret n n iiu l o rn ihig i am r o smuae fram,h o t ri i n fo cvlibit frij re o d ahrs tn t tearse i te r i ltd ie r te fke s mmu e rm iil ly o nuis r et eul g o h rete n h a i i coureoft ar s,i t ofierha r s t belevet a r tebr s t tr r wiht i en of s he re t f he fc d ea on o i he rese andihed he iea m t he nt t id cn fa o det o ij r t a te..Bu t c u tidsiu n c sayt a d esto ed fn e . n u ig er f ah r nuy o noh r) the o r fn t n e e sr o d rs h s ee s s I . V Cla l, a f re Ho g st ma eas l -e o u g n i cru tnc st a wee e ry M x o c d d e o k pi sc ndj d me t n ic msa e h t r t t ns unce t n,a r pi y e vi a H odge ' us ofd dl f ce f hi own pr e to e e, rai nd a dl vol ng, nd ss e ea y or or s ot c i n a dt eprtcino J leHars nfo s ro sbo iyh r o d ahwa o jciey n h oe to f ui rio rm eiu d l am r e t s be tv l ra o a l . c r i l, ee a t moinf rs mmayj d me t sg e s n b e Ac o dngy d fnd ns to o u r u g n i r t al li . o lcams Ent D e em be 30, 1 er: c r 201 . MM IED S ' TATESDITRI J S CT UDGE 7Dli oa ag me to temo infrsmmayjd me th c u t o rs v s d fn a t'o n e zng rl r u n n h to o u r u g n te o r n w eole , ee d nsc u sl r co pli d t pl ntfsfld s m ane hat ai if ie ubpoe sduc stcu unde s alt r bypr bii hi r e .I a a sfom a na e e m r e he e ohi tng s eviw t ppe r r r e oft rcor t thei m it ke Thes bpoena i q tonwoul ha bee a cesi et aflri t ca e eviw he e d ha s sa n. u s n uesi d ve n c sbl o ie n he s usng hi orhero i vi PACER a ount l i lkel t tc e us anon-iersPACER a cou numbe i s wn,ndi dual cc . t s i y ha ouns l ed fl ' c nt r i atm ptng t a es t s n te i o cc s he ubpoe hem itkenl beive weeunde s l nas sa y le s r r ea.

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