City National Bank v. Tress et al, No. 7:2011cv00073 - Document 62 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 7/26/13. (med)
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CLERK' OFFI U,S, S7 COURT S CE Dl . AT ROANOKE.VA FI LED J 26 2 1 Ut 93 I TH E U NI N TED STA TES D I STR I T C O UR T C FO R T H E W ESTER N D ISTR ICT O F V IR G I IA N RO A N O K E D I ISIO N V C I NA TI N A L B AN K ,a natonal TY O i banki as oc at o as ac r of ng s i i n, qui er cert n ass from t FederalD eposi ai ets he t I nsurance C orporat on actng as i i r ce ver ofI pe i C a t Bank, e i m r al pi al Pl ntf , ai i f J ULW DUD BY; C. D E . , CLE RK d // E LR Ci lA cton N o. 7: cvvi i : 11- 73 M em orandum O pi on ni By:H on.Jam es C .T urk Seni Unied St es Di t ctJudge or t at s ri M O I E TR ESS & Y EH U DA SH DA C H S, D ef endant s. Thi m a t r i bef e t Cour on Ciy N a i l Ba s M o i f Sum m a y J s te s or he t t tona nk' ton or r udgm e nt ag ns D ef nt Tr s ECF N o.53,a De enda t Tr s ' M o i n f Sum m a y J m e . ai t enda es , nd f n e s s t o or r udg nt ECF N o. 57. Thi c s c e ns a $3, 000. c 1 s a e onc r 200, 00 omm e cal l n t t Tr s pe s ly r i oa ha e s r onal gua a ee The prm a y bo r r def ule a Ciy Na i l Ba s ks t e or e t r nt d. i r rowe a t d nd t tona nk ee o nf c he gua a y. For t r s r nt he ea ons s t f r h be ow , t Pl i i f s M oton f Sl m a y J e ot l he a ntf i or z m r udgm e i nt s GR ANTED a t De e n ' M oton f Summ a yJ nd he f nda ts i or r udgm e ti DENI n s ED. FA CT UA L A ND PR O C EDU R AL BA CK G RO UN D I c n ie ig amoin frs mmayj d me t dhec u t sr q rd t ve t fcs n o sd rn to o u r u g n , t o r i e uie o iw he a t t a dr w r s bl i e e es i a lght m os f vor bl t t no ovi pa t ' Sha v. nd a ea ona e nf r nc n i t a a e o he nm ng r y. ' w City National Bank v. Tress et al Stoud 1 F. 791 798(t Ci.1 .On Dec mbe 27,2006,I ilCa tlBa l ne r , 3 3d , 4h r 994) e r mpera pia nk oa d Doc. 62 $3, 00. t Roa 200, 00 o noke Hol ngs LLC (i noke Hol ngs'.Dee nt Tr sa Da hs di , s Roa di ' fnda s es nd c , ) on be l ofRoa haf nokeHol ngs sgne aprmis r not (ç e' i fvo ofl ra Ca t di , i d o soy e $ ' n a r mpe il pial Not ) 1Thi Cou tpr o l gr e Pli ifs uno s r eviusy antd antf' ppos d M oto f Sum m ay J e in or r udgm e agans D e e ntDac . nt i t f nda hs EcF No. 28. Dockets.Justia.com . Ba pr sngt rpa t l nsont tr a c tonssae t r n. ac ton of nk omii o e y he oa he ems nd ondii ttd heei As ondii Roa noke H ol ngs r e vi t l n,I pe i l Ca t Ba a s r qui e pe s di ec i ng he oa m ra pial nk l o e r d r onal g r ntes ua a i fom Def nt Trs a Dac td mAy'l Defnda sagee t pa t moni d t r r enda s e s nd hs s Guar t '. e nt r d o y he es ue mde t Not s ul Roa he e, ho d nokeHol ngsde a t di f ul. On ora trNove be 1 2009,Roa fe m r , noke Hol ngsce s d ma ng payme son t No e di ae ki nt he t a D e e nt Tr s a D a hs ha not m a a pa e t a pe s na gua a or of t nd f nda s e s nd c ve de ny ym n s s r o l r nt s he N ot e. Soon a trma ng t l n,I ralCa t lBa we ti o r everhi a t Fe r fe ki he oa mpe i pia nk n nt ec i s p nd he de al De i I ur eCor ai (d C' wasa i e t r c i rf l ra CapialBa post ns anc porton $ FDl ' ) ppontd he e eve or mpeil t nk. ECF No.59- ! 6.Thus t FDI be a t o rofaloft ba sases.1 U. C.j 1 , he C c me he wne l he nk' s t 2 S. 18 ( ( ( .Ciy Nai lBa k (t ' t n purhaed fom t FDI ce ti a s t, 21d)2)A) t tona n ( CNB') he c s r he C ran s es i l ngt Not a Guaa y a is hee.ECFNo.59- j8.CNB aleg t ta al tme ncudi he e nd rnt t sue r 1g l es ha t l i s r e tt t s m a t r as a quierof c rai as e s f o t FDI a tng a r ce ve ofI pe i l el van o hi t e , c r e t n s t r m he C c i s e i r m ra C a t lBa i i a orw as t ow ne ,hol r a o pe s e il t enf c t N ot a pia nk, t s nd/ he r de , nd/ r r on ntted o or e he e nd G uar y. ant I1. LE GA L STA ND A RD Su r j d me ti a r prae whee te mo a ti h ws t tt r i no g n ie mmay u g n s pp o it r h v n < o ha hee s s e un ds t a t a ymaeil a ta dt emo a ti e tte t j g n a amatro lw. Fe R. ipue s o n tra fc n h v n s n i d o ud me t s te f a ' d. l ' Ci P.5 a.A ge ne is ofmaei fc e sswhe artona fdfnde ,c i rngt v. 6( ) nui sue tral a t xit n ai l a i r onsdei he e ie c i t es mmayj d me tr c r , o dfn i fvo o t eno mo igp ry. c iv. vd n e n h u r u g n e o d c ul id n a r f h n- vn a t Ric Destfno.557 U. 557,586( ea S. 2009) Thus s . , ummayj r udgme s d be e tr i t Co t nt houl need f he ur fnds a tras r o rviw oft r c d,t tnor s na ejuy coul rt n avedi f i , fe eupulus e e he e or ha ea o bl t' d eur r d or t no movi pa t Se Eva v.Te hs Applc tons& Sev.Co.80F. 954,958 (t he n- ng ry. e ns c . iai r . 3d -59 4h Ci.1 ) r 996 . W he c i rng cos - insf s n onsde i r smoto or umma yj me ,t c tmus a yt sme r udg nt he our t ppl he a st andard and cannot r ol genui i ues of m at i f M onum ent Pavi & Excavatng. es ve ne ss eral act, al nc i l v.Pa Mfs'As' l .Co. 1 F. 79 797 ( h Ci.1 ) Thec r s d i onsde nc. . r sn ns , 76 3d 4, 4t r 999 . ou t houl t i r c a d r l u n e c pa t smoin s p rtl a d d tr n wh t r su may j d me t i n ue po a h ry' to e aaey n eemie ehe tn r u g n s a opr a e ast e ch unde t Rul 56 s a ar ' I ppr i t o a r he e t nd d. d. ' 11 1. AN A LY SI S Be aus t Cour'j iditoni ba e ont di riyoft pa tes t Cour a i c e he ts urs ci s s d he ve st he ri ,he t pples t c c ofl w r e ofV igi a,t f um s a e.t r ni l w l he hoi e a ul s r ni he or t t i gi a a ooks f vor bl upon c c of vi a a y hoi e l w cl us i a co r c , gi ng t m f l e f c e e i unus l c r um s a s' H ia hi a a es n nt a t vi he ul f e t xc pt n ua ic t nce . t c ' Cr di Am.Cop .v.Si tBank,1 F. 61 624 ( h Ci.1 ) Bec us t pa tesc e et cne 66 3d 4, 4t r 999 . a e he ri hos t l ppl r ni ubs a i a vi gi a 1 w i t c r c , t e Cour w ila y V igi a s t ntve l w . r ni a n he ont a t2 h UnderV igi a l ,a guar y i r ni aw ant s a i pende c r c ,by whi h t gua a or unde t ke , i m i i upo a n nde nt ont a t c he r nt ra s n tng, n s f c entunde tki t be a wer bl f t d t o f t pe f m a of ufi i ra ng, o ns a e or he eb , r or he r or nce s e dut i ca e oft f iur of s e ot r pe s n w ho i prm a iy la e t om y, n s he a l e om he r o s i rl i bl o pa or pe f m .l a a i n t e or e a i pe nt c r c of g r nt t y r or n n cto o nf c n nde nde ont a t ua a y, he oblgee i pr e ng o t g r nt not o t I de l ng not Thus t i s oce di n he ua a y, n he m r yi e. ,o r c r on a g r nt t o i e m us esabls a o ot t ngs t e ove ua a y, he blge t t i h, m ng her hi , he e s e e a o ne s p of t guar nt conta t t t r s of t pr m a y xi t nc nd w r hi he a y r c , he e m he i r o i ton a de a t on t t oblg ton by t d or a no ym e of t blga i nd f ul ha iai he ebt , nd npa nt he a ountdue f o t g r nt unde t t nnsoft g r nt c r t m r m he ua a or r he e he ua a y ontac . 2Un e S cin F u te (4 o teGu rny,h g rny kh lb g v r e b telwso tej rs ito i d r eto o re n 1 ) f h aa t te uaa t t al e o en d y h a f h uidcin n s wh c t La i l c t d (h ç o e t J rs it n ' ' ECF No 5 Ex.C,5 1 .Un e p r g a h B o t e ih he nd s o ae t e ç p ry u id ci ' . pr o l' . 4, 4 d r a a rp fh Gu rny tnnsn td fn d i teGu rny ae d fn da i te S c rt lsnl n.ECF No 5 ,Ex.C,!B. aa t, e o eie n h aa t r eie s n h eu i n t me t y .4 Unde pa a aph A of t Guar nt t Se lrt I tum e i t de of t u t e cut d b Roa r r gr he a y, he c ziy nsr nt s he ed r s xe e y noke H ol ngs di , LLC, No 5 ,Ex. !A, n t ef v ro t e o i ia ln e t s c r t er p y n o t en t . No 5 , ECF . 4 C, i h a o f h rgn l e d r o e u e h e a me t f h o e ECF . 4 Ex C, A.n scin1t o teSe ui l srme tt tr tand'sd tn da teln d srb di Ex iiA . ! l e to () f h c rt ntu n ,he em ta 'i ei e s h a d e cie n hbt y l teeo, ih i i Ro n k ,Vigna ECF No. 4 Ex B,j 1t.T rfr,h pat sc o eVigna1w i te h rt whc s n a o e rii. 5, . () heeoe te ri h s r ii a n h e Gua a y. r nt M c n l v.Na' En es Ic,5 7 S. 2 2 4,2 7 ( .2 01 (ne n lctto s o t d . Do ad tl tr. n . 4 E.d 0 0 Va 0 ) itr a i in mit ) a e Thus t rcove o agua a t a oblge mus etbls 1 t e se eml ownes p oft ,o e r n r ny, n i e t sa ih: ) he xitnc d rhi he g rnt co rc;2)t tr oft prma y oblg ton;3)dea ton t toblg ton by t uaa y nta t he ems he i r iai ful ha iai he de or a 4)nonpayme oft a bt ; nd nt he mountd fom t guaa o unde t tr oft guarnt ue r he rntr r he ems he a y conta t I r c . d. CN B ha m e is i ta bur n of s i t a e e ofa ge ne i s ofm a e i f c s t t nii l de how ng he bs nc nui s ue t ral a t as t e c of t f M c o ah he our Dona d el m e t i pa tby pr uci t g r nt co r c bea i l e ns n r od ng he ua a y nt a t rng Tr s s gnat e. See ECF N o. 54, Ex. C . l t Guar y, Tr chos t ûabsol el ess' i ur n he ant ess e o d ut y, unco tonal a irvo bl guaa e )t Le rt f l a pr ndii ly nd re ca y rnteg o nde he ul nd omptpa me whe d ' y nt n ue. ' J s t!B,j2. tr o teNoea d Gu r nyaece ra du a iu usyde n taete .a t l The e ms f h t n a a t r la n n mbg o l mo srt h t r s of t a ee en . I i undiput d t t R oa ke H ol ngs LLC, de a t d on t l n. em he gr m t t s s e ha no di , f ule he oa Dee f ndan Tr s 's gna ur a a son t N ot a t Guar n y a a not y publc a t t d t t e s i t e ppe r he e nd he a t nd ar i tes e o hi s g t e on t Gua a y. Fi ly, neihe Tr s no Dac a gua a or ha pa d t s i na ur he r nt na l t r es r hs s r nt s ve i he a ount due unde t t r s of t Gua a y.The Cour f nds t t Tr s s gne t pe s l m r he e m he r nt ti ha e s i d he r ona Gua a y a i t r f epe s l r ponsbl f t l n m a t Roa r nt nd s he e or ronaly es i e or he oa de o nokeHol ngs LLC. di , I c r t De e nt Tr s m a s tlee a gum e s i s n ontas , f nda e s ke lr r nt n uppor of hi M oton f t s i or Sum m a y J r udgm e . r t Tr s a g st tde e t i t N ot st a f r and t c i oftte, nt Fi s , e s r ue ha f c s n he e' r ns e , hus ha n il f om I pe i l Ca t l Bn t CN B voi hi o i ton unde t Gua a y. Rel ng o r m ra pia nk o d s blga i r he r nt yi n M cDonal Tr s as e t t t S f t r i no oblga i on t pa tof t prnc palo i ,t n d, es s r s ha , s he e s i i ton he r he i i blgor he t r i a s none on t guar nt . M c he e s l o he a or' Donal 5 S. 2d a 207.A c or ng t Tr s i or r ' d, 47 E. t c di o es , n de f CN B t bec e t l w f hol r oft N o e,l pera Ca t Ba s ul ha Sbut di Or o om he a ul de he t m i l pial nk ho d ve, d not pr l endors t N ot B ecaus an oblgaton depends upon t exi t , oper y e he e. e i i he s ence of a l awful SA tt tm e t tTr saguest o i na lnders d ha e s t N oe, t orgi l nde had ale he i ha es r he rgi l e houl ve ndored he t he i nal e r r ady gonei o r ei s p;t FD I wasa ntd r ei rand s dase s i udi t Guar t t Pl ntf. nt ec verhi he C ppoi e ec ve ol st ,ncl ng he any, o ai if hol roft Not t a e e ofs h lwf hol ri t sc e e i s t oblgai of de he e, he bs nc uc a ul de n hi as xtnguihes he i ton t prncpaloblgor( nokeHol ngs a co eq tyt g rntrTrs . he i i i Roa di ) nd ns uenl he uaa o e s A n a l i ofM c onal how e r s st ta oblga i n i t co e ofa gua a y na ys s D d, ve , how ha n i to n he nt xt r nt a ualy r f r t t f ct l ques i of w he he a de r m ai l pa d. l M cDonal t ct l e e s o he a ua ton t r bt e ns m i n d, he def nda M c ona d co e e nt D l nt nded t t t pl n if pur ha e of hi not a gua a y fom t ha he ai t f c sr s e nd r nt r he or g na l nde ' r c ve c d not pr e o t g r nt a ee e i pa t be aus t i i l e r s e ei r oul oce d n he ua a y gr m nt n r c e he pl i ifdi no ha pos es i oft o i i lNot I r s e t Vigi a Supr me Co t antf d t ve s son he rg na e. n e pons , he r ni e ur de i d a g r nt unde V igi a 1 w a f ne ua a y r r ni a s a i pe nt c ta ,by whih t g r nt t n nde nde on r d c he ua a or mdera ,i wrtng,upon a tkes n ii s t intunde tki t be a we a e f t de ,orf t pe f manc of ufk e ra ng, o ns r bl or he bt or he ror e s e d y,i ca e oft f iur of s m e ot r pe s who i pr m a iy la e t om ut n s he a l e o he r on s i r l i bl o pa o pe f m .l an a ton t e o ce a i y r r or n c i o nf r n ndepe nt c r tof gua a y,t nde ontac r nt he oblge i pr ee ng on t gua a y, no on t unde l ng no e. Thus t i e s oc di he r nt t he ryi t ,o r cove on a gua a y, t oblg mus e t bls a ong o he t ngs t e r r nt he i ee t sa ih, m t r hi , he e se e a owne s p of t gua a y c r t t tr s of t prm a y xit nc nd rhi he r nt ontac , he e m he i r oblgai and de a ton t t o i ton by t de or a nonpay e of t i ton f ul ha blga i he bt , nd m nt he a ountdue f om t g r nt t de t t r soft g r nt con r c . m r he ua a or m r he e m he ua a y t a t M c nad,5 S. 2d at207 (mpha i adde (iainsomitd)(ntr lquotton maks Do l 47 E. e ss d) ctto te i ena ai r omit . The Suprme Co t of Vigi a c i rd bot t Not s pose son and ted) e ur r ni onsdee h he e' s si e or ea lt ir l va t r c y unde a gua a y,whi i by de i ton a i pe nt nf c biiy re e nt o e over r r nt ch s fnii n nde nde c r t The c tc i d: ontac . our ontnue gl ag ng ot r s Mc l c us s t dif e e bewee t in r ui he wie, Donad onf e he fernc t n he e ore lt oft Not a i tgheorgi lnder,a t quesi whehe nf c abiiy he e gans t i nal e j nd he ton t r t de ha be n e i s d,ie. whehe t r i a oblgai on t pa tof he bt s e xtnguihe . , t r he e s n i ton he r La a t e The non- nf c biiv of a no e as t t m a r do no ne s a iy f ye t . e or ea lt t o he ke es t ce s r l extnc s t obla i H owe r i t r i no ob i ton on t pa t of t i ui h he i aton. ve , f he e s lga i he r he pr nc pa oblgor t n t r i a s none on t g r nt . i i l i , he he e s l o he ua a or I (mphassa )(iai omitd) A dic son o t M c d. e i dded cttons te . susi f he Donal dee ntsfiur t d fnda ' al e o pa f l s t cied pori n,f r he i c tng t t Tr s ' c t d s n e m e ns s m pl t t i y olow he t to u t r ndi a i ha e s ie e t nce a i y ha f t de has be n e i s d by pa e , t gua a o be r no oblga i n. l t s ca e, he bt e xtnguihe ym nt he r nt r a s i to n hi s be aus t Roa c e he noke Hol ngs d bt r mai outtndi CNB a hol r oft Gua a y c n di e e ns sa ng, s de he r nt a p o e d a ans Tr s a g aa t r Th ,j s a te S p e Co r o Vigna h l i r c e g i t e s s u rn o . us u t s h u rme u t f r ii ed n M cDonal t f c t tt CN B pos i y c nnote or e t N ot aga ns Tr s has no bea i d, he a t ha he s bl a nf c he e i t es rng on whe he i c n e or t Gua a y,a i pe ntco r t t r t a nf ce he r nt n nde nde ntac . Sec ond,Tr sar s t tCN B c nnote or e t G ua a y a ns Tr s bec us he di es gue ha a nf c he r nt gai t e s a e d note e sy a ee t t N ot s a s g e , hi h he cl i s i a m odii a i oft G ua a y. xpr s l gr o he e' s i nm nt w c am s f c ton he r nt Trs rfr t Paa rp Thre n ( 3 o t e Gu rn y whih p o d st a Sn et e ti e s ee s o rg a h ite 1 ) f h aa t , c r vie h t s l i r h s l h Guaa ynora ofispr so ma be( modiid,a nde ... e by a a e me ti rnt ny t oviins y j fe me d, exc pt n gre n n m ii sg byt pa t a i twhiht e oce ntoft ( modi ai ame tng ined he ry gans c he nf r me he 1 fc ton, ndme ,.. nt . i s ug ,a t nonl t t e e s tf t i t tagre nt'ECFNo.58,Ex. !B,j 1 s o ht nd he y o he xtnt e orh n ha e me . ' 2, 3. Thi ca e, howe r mus be r ad wih t whol Gua a y a e nt whi h r a i s lus ve , t e t he e r nt gr eme , c e ds n Paa rp Twev ( 2 t tt etvn e ma a sg isrg t u d rt i Gu r nyi wh l o i r ga h le 1 ) ha h û e d r y sin t ihs n e h s a a t n oe r n l pa ta upon a s h as i e ,a lt t r s a pr s ons of t s Gua a y s li e t r nd ny uc s gnm nt l he e m nd ovi i hi r nt hal nur o t be ftofs h asi t t e en s a sg 'l !B,j 1 l i ce r t t tTr s he nei uc sgnee o he xt t o s ined. d. ' 2. t s la ,hen,ha es a r a e e sy ag e d t tt orgi lnde wa a t i d t a sg is rght t r t le dy xpr s l r e ha he i nal e r s u horze o s i n t i s mde he Gua a y. r nt Dee d n Trs ' ls ag me t i b sd o te d crn o r s j d c t.As sae fn a t e s a t r u n s a e n h o tie f e u iaa ttd p e iusy, hsCo r st n i dv ri j rs ito a p istelwso Vig na a d te eo e r v o l t i u t it g n i est u id cin p le h a f r i i, n h r f r i y Vign asd crn o rsj iaa g v r i ti c s .Se Blc v Lo g Be c Mo t.Lo n r ii ' o ti e f e udc t o ens n h s a e e ik . n a h rc a Tr t2005- L3,3: - 00002,201 W L 1 9369,a * ( . us W 13CV3 31 t 2 W D.Va M a.29,201 .The . r 3) undel ngprncpl ofr j c t i t t ryi i i e es udiaa s ha çgl r ltg nts d ha op t t t pr s whae rgre nc hema ieve y iia houl ve poruniy o eent tve iva e y have' buti gi an opporuniy t do so and dhavi f l t avai hi s fofi, ' f ven t t o s ng aied o l m el t hemus ac e t c eque es'Thus t 'fè /o t c pt he ons nc . ' , he ' /c fafnalde r ei notonl t c ce s yo conc u t pari as t e r que ton acualy r s d and de de butas t l de he tes o vcy s i t l aie ci 4 o 6 c cy cam whihprpe l b ln e t t s be to lt a in a wh c te vr li c o ry eo g d o he u j c f ii to nd ih h g pa te,A t e r ieo e s na l dl n e mi t a er ie a tetme' ris y he xecs fr a o be ii c , gh h v as d t h i . ge ' Str abucks Cofee Co.v.Shy,734 S. 2d 683,689 ( .Ct App.201 (iai omitd) f E. Va . 2) cttons te ( i Br k v.Voih Sime Hvdr Powe Ge rto 71 S. 2d 48 488( Ct App. quotng oc t e ns o r neain, 6 E. 5, Va. . 2 1 . sj dc t tusfclttsc rany i t eetb ih n o lg lr lto sa d efce t 01 ( Re u iaa h a iiae e tit n h sa ls me t f e a eain n f in 9 ltg ton whie r duc ng t a lt ofpa test c ii a i l e i he biiy ri o onduc r pe ii a har s i ltg ton.Bil t e ttous nd a sng ii a i l Gre Cop. Ta wel tlBa 5 S. 2d854,856( 1 ) e ver v. ze lNa' nk, 04 E. Va. 998 . The docrne o r sj c t i Vigi a i govened by Rul 1: oft Ruls oft ti f e udiaa n r ni s r e 6 he e he S p e Co r o Vign a Br c , 6 SE.d a 4 8 l o d rt a sr r sj iaau d rRul u r me u t f r ii . o k 71 . 2 t 8 . n r e o se t e udc t n e e 1: t pa t s ki t i 6, he r y ee ng o nvoke t prnc pl m us s he i i e t how t t ha ( )t r wasaprorcli f r le de de on t meisby a vai a fna 1 hee i am or eif ci d he rt ld nd i l j d me t ( )t epate ae ie tc lo i p i t wi e c o h r a d ()te u g n ' 2 h ris r d n ia r n rvi t a h t e; n 3 h , y h c am m a i t lt r s t a ies fom t s m e co li de n he a e ui rs r he a nduc , ta aci o t r ns ton, r oc ur e e a t cl i i t tr ts t c r nc s he a m n he i s ui. Blc 201 W L 1319369,a * Va.Sup.Ct R.1: a .SeealoCa ron v.A. M a sy Coa ik, 3 t 2; . 6() s pet T. se l Co.l ,740 S. 2d 1, ( 201 ( s usi rsj c t elme sbeor Rul 1: . . nc. E. 7 Va. 3) dic sng e udiaa e nt f e e 6) Tr s ag e t a r s u iaas ul a l t b rCNB fo p o e dnga an tTrs i e s r u s h t e j d c t ho d ppy o a r m r c e i g is e s n t s m e l w s tt tCNB i ta e a ns bot c d e nt . e s a s r s t tCN B s ks t he n a ui ha nii t d gai t h o- ef nda s Tr s s e t ha ee he s m e r i f om D e e nt Tr s a D a hs i t s m e ac i n on t s m e i t u e , t a elef r f nda s es nd c n he n to he n nsr m nt he Gua a y.Tr s t r or c a m s t t he i i prviy w ih hi c de e n a Gua a y c r nt es he ef e l i ha s n i t t s o- f nda t nd r nt o- sg rDa h , n t ee oet eu p s dg a to s mmayj d me ta ans Da hsb f r h ine c s a d h rf r h no po e rn f u r u g n g i t c eo e e wa p o ry sr e c nsiu e afn lj d me t p e l ig CNB fo c niuig te lws i s r pel ev d o ttts ia u g n, rcudn r m o tn n h a ut aga ns co- f nda tTr s . e sdi notpr de a s po tng ca e l w , e r t s w t t i t de e n e s Tr s d ovi ny up r i s a how ve , o ho ha alow i pr c us on durng t orgi ltga i n c tt e a a c pt bl a i to of r l ng e l i i he i nal ii t o ons iut s n c e a e pplca i n es j dc t i Vigni. tre tnsvers ac t i Co r i u a et fn e e o e i tn eo u iaa n r i a Afe xe i e e rh, hs u t s n bl o i d v n n nsa c f t docrneofrsj caabenga idwihi t smelws t he ti e udi t i pple t n he a a ui. l a ii t t lc ofs ppo tng ca e lw,Dee ntTrs 'rsj c t apl t n ddton o he a k u ri s a fnda e s e udiaa r men fisb c us t eg a to s mmayj d me ta an tTr s'c - ee da td rngt elws i d e al e a e h rn f u r u g n g i s e s o d fn n u i h a ut o s n tc n ttt a v l a d fn lj d me tu d rVigna lw.Tr s p it t Fe ea Rul o o o siue ai n ia u g n n e r ii a d e s on s o d r l e f Ci lPr dur 5 b)f detr nain ofwhe t j vi oce e 4( or emi to n he udgme be mefna, tVigi ar esof nt ca i lbu r ni ul fna iy gove n t s di r iy s t l V igi a, i lt r hi ve st ui. n r ni a fna or r i a e sntalee ntf t rsj caa ba t a y.Ciy of i l de s n se i lme or he e udi t r o ppl t Vici aBe c v.Ha s 5 S. 2d239,244( 2000) $ dece i tna o y r ni a h ni, 23 E. Va. .d A re s i l nl wh n i ds s so t whoes be t g v sa1terle t ti c ne ltd a d e t ipo e f he l u j c, i e l h eif ha s o tmpae n l a no hi t be done by t c ti t c us e e m i s e i le uton. e ves t ng o he our n he a e xc pt ni t r a xec i ' ' Br v.Roa Count SmzttonAut ,11 S. 2d 758, ( 1 . ooks noke y iai h. 4 E. 760 Va. 960) Cl ev.Ciy ofNorol No.CL 09os t f k, 4055,2011W L 291 3225 ( Ci.Ct Apr 1 2011.l Va. r . . 2, ) n t s c e,CN B i ta e t s a ton a i tbot D e e nt Tr s a Dac ,a a t hi as nii t d hi c i ga ns h f nda es nd hs nd lhough t he Cour grntd s t a e ummayj r udgmentt CNB a t Da hs t tde e di notdipos oft whol o s o c , ha cre d s e he e s be to t s i. tal ftec ne ae rle s ug ti t eCo lith db e gv n;h u jc f he utNo 1 o h o tmpltd eif o h n h mp an a e n ie te orgi l c e r m ai d pe ng a CN B con i i na as e ne ndi s tnued t s e r le f om c de e nt Tr s .Re o e k ei f r o- f nda es s j d c t b d fni o b r r l iai no t esmecam, u tel iain o ta cam wa si u iaa y ei t n a s ei g to f h a li b t h i g to f h t li s tl i t t l i p o r s h r . alw t eDee a tt a s r r s u iaawhe teo iia l iainh sn t n r g e s ee To lo h fnd n o se te j dc t n h rgn l i g to a o t c l d woul be t de i CN B oft opporuniy e r ltga t s d ha t pr e hi onc ude d o prve he t t ve y ii n houl ve o es nt s gr e nce.St r i va a bucks Co f e Co. 734 S. 2d a 689. fe , E. t IV . D A M A G ESJ LIAB I LITY l is reques f dnm ages CN B aleges t i has s f n t t or , l hat t uf ered dam ages i t nm ount of n he $2, 2, 05 a ofOc obe 1 2011 wih i e e tt r on a t c r c ua r t ofeiht n 48 621. s t r 7s , t nt r s he e t he onta t l ae g ee ( 8)pece tpe n z uni f l pad.TheCour ha e mi d t c rc,ECF No.1 Ex. 1 r n r nnlm tl uly i t s xa ne he onta t 4, A , t affdavi pr ng dam ages, ECF N o. 14,and ot r evant docum ent and fnds t he i t ovi her el s i he CN B ' r ue t f d m ag t be t pr r m e tr The e or t Cour g a s s l m a y S eq s or a es o he ope asze. r f e, he t r nt lm r j udgme t CNB i t a un of$2, 62105asofOcober1 2011 nt o n he mo t 482, . t 7, . CN B hasst ed t t cont ualdef tr e of 18% i t pr at hat he ract aul at s he operm eas e ofdnm ages. ur l t s di riy a ton,t Cou tas a i Vigi a 1w a t prj me i ees.See n hi ve st ci he r lo pples r ni a s o eudg nt ntr t Hia h Cr dtAm.Co p,1 6 F.d a 6 3 (vigni lw g v r st a r o p eu g n tc i e i r . 6 3 t 3 i r i a a o en he wad f rj d me t t itr ti adi riy c e' 'Unie Stt v.Dola Re A Ca SyssI ,71 F. 938,940 nees n vest as .', td aes ) lr nt r . nc. 2 2d ( h Ci.1 ) (çsjae 1 a i t quetons i vi prj 4t r 983 tg tt aw pples o si nvol ng eudgmen i ees i di riy t ntr t n vest ca e .)( tng c es.The a i bl Vigni saut go r ng prj s s' cii as ) ' pplca e r i a tt e veni eudgme i ees i Va nt ntr t s . Co An j801 38 W h t e p eu me titrs s o l b a r e u d rj801 3 2 i a de n. . - 2. eh r rj dg n n eet h u d e wa d d n e . - 8 s m a t r w ihi t s te t n he ound di c e i of t dit i t c t Se Ha n A r s r s r ton he sr c our . e nno m t ong & Co. v. Sumiomo Tnzt& Ba nc Co. 973 F. 359,3 ( h Ci.1 ;Dar and l .Co.v. t s nki , 2d 69 4t r 992) iyl ns Dout t 449S. 2d79 801( 1 4) Ast t prpe i ee trt,j8. -38 pr vi st t ha, E. 9, Va. 99 . o he o r ntrs ae 01 2 o de ha f negotabl i t m en s t r t ofi e es s lbe t tt a e s ii i t i tum e . l i or i e ns nz t , he a e nt r t hal ha t t pec fed n he nsr nt' t s r ' unc e t t tt r t pr vi d f i t i t u e was 18 pe n num .Se ECF N o.1 ont s ed ha he a e o de or n he ns r m nt % r n e 4, Ex.A,! 8.Theefr ,t itr tfom Ocobe 1 2011untlt daeoft e r oft sor r r o e he nees r t r 7, i he t he nty hi de s l be 18A.Theorgi a o of$2, 62105, us 1 i e e tfom Oc obe 17, 1t ha l 0 i nal m unt 482, . pl 8% ntr s r t r 201 o t da eoft enty oft so de ,yil at t ln he t he r hi r r e ds o a mountof$ 275, 51 3, 971. . Fe r lw,r t rt n sae lw,go r t c c ai ofpos-udgmen i e eti deal a ahe ha tt a vens he alulton tj t ntr s n di riy ca e .SeeFor tSalsCom.v.Be ncfed,881F. 11 11 ( h Ci.1 .The vest s s es e di il 2d 1, 3 4t r 989) a i abl f de a s a ut pr de f r i e e t a a s c fe r t c m onl r f r e t a t pplc e e r l t t e ovi s o nt r s t pe i i d a e, om y e e r d o s he lg l ae 28U. C. 1 61 Th r fr ,n ee t ntej d me ta trted t o tee tyo ti e a rt . S. j 9 . ee o e itrs o h u g n fe h ae f h n r f h s or rs l be t l alr t de ha l he eg a e. V. C O N CL U SIO N The Cour G R ANT S t Pl ntf ' M oton f Sum m a y J m e ,ECF N o.53,and t he ai if s i or r udg nt DENI t Dee nt M oi f Summay J ES he fnda s ton or r udgme ,ECF No.57,and e e sj nt ntr udgme nt a ns Def nda Tr si t a oun of$3, 971. , usi e e ta t lgalr t un i f l gai t e nt es n he m t 275, 51 pl nt r s t he e a e tl uly pa d. i ENTER: s L Q da ofJ y, Thi y ul 2013. Z ŠHo sC .Tur k Se orUnie St t s Di t i tJ ni t d a e sr c udge 10
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