-RSB Abdul-Mateen v. Phipps et al, No. 7:2011cv00051 - Document 46 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 2/22/2012. (tvt)

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cL s OFFI U. DI C ur ERK' CE S. SX m AT ROANOKE, A V F)ED 4E - I THE UM TED STATES DI N STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF W RGI A CT M ROANOKE DI SI W ON KHALI ABDUL- ATEEN F M FEB 23 2 1 22 J A . DL , ULI CLERK BY; K CASE NO.7: CVO 851 11 Pl ntf, ai i M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI Vm VI PHI c K , CKI PPS, By:Gln E. nr e Co ad ChifUnie St e Dit ktJudge e t d at s s r Dee fndants. l) Khai AbdulM aee aVigi ai t pr e ngpr K ,Eld t sci lrght a ton, lf - t n, r ni nma t oce di o e hi vi i s c i a lgi t tdurng t e M usi Ra le ng ha i h lm mada f ti Augus a Se e be 201 prs om cal a n as n t nd pt m r 0, ion is t Re Oni n St t Prs vi ae hi rghtt fe e r ieofbi r i ousbei f unde t Fis d o ae ion ol td s i o r e xe c s s elgi le s r he rt Ame d n t t eUntd Sae Co si ina d4 U. C. 1 3 a t e teRei iu n me t o h ie tts n tmt n 2 S. j 98 , nd md r h lgo s o La dUs a dI tmto aie Pes nsAc ($ n e n nsi in l d ro z t$ RLUPA', 2U. . j 2 0 c , s n ' 4 SC. j 0 0 c M e . ) Spe t al Abd - a e n alege t tofk il r f K d t c ngehi me c ton s hedul s cik ly, ulM t e l s ha f a s e u e o ha s dia i c eo t thec d r eve hi pr s rbe m e cai durngda i hthour i ke pi wih hi ha oul ec i s e c i d di tons i ylg s n e ng t s f nda , s c r lgi f t1 one de e nt Nur eVikiPhi ,fld am oton t dim is t whih Abdul e i ous as. pps ie i o s s ,o c M a e n r ponde ma ng t ma t Hpef diposton.The c tconcude t tt m oton t e es d, ki he ter or s ii our l s ha he i t dimismus be p a ed i pa ta denid i pa t o s s t nt n r nd e n r. 1 AbdulM a een namest f l ng om cil a def - t he olowi a s s endant t t sl ui: W ar Tr y Ray; s o hi aws t den ac Frd Sc lig, r co ofteOm c ofHe lh S r ie (r HS' f rt eVkgi aDe rme tof e hiln Die tr h e at e vc s t 3 o h ni pa t n Core to C$ r cins VDOC' ;a Viki i s as e vs y n r ea Re Oni Ra an S hilng, o ae ' nd c Phpp , up r ior u s t d on. y d c li wh r ) rprs ne b s pa aec ns ,h vefldamoto f s mma yj gme t Ab - ae nha as fld e e e td y e rt ou el a le in or u r ud n . dulM te s lo le amoinfrpata s to o rilnmmayj gme ta t la lya amotont s n hsde ndfrrle i t r ud n s o ibii nd t i o me d i ma o eif n he com pl nt Thecour p'nt N ur e Phi 'm oton t say he oblgaton t r ai . t a ed s pps i ot r i i o espond t AbdulM a ee s o - t n' motonf rs i o umma yj dm e t p ndi t c tsd csononhe motont dimis r u n, e ng he our' e ii r i o s s. e es l as d t me c sa ft c nget pils hedul t a comm odae hi pr c i oft xpr sy ke he dial tf o ha he l c eo c t s a tce he Ra mada f t Nur ePhi r ple t AbdulM a ee si or c pl n by cic ai a n ms. s pps e id o - t n' nf mal om ait r ul tng me or ndum whi h sa e m a c tt d: TheMusi Ch pe S r ie o Vigni h sa v sdt e( lm a tr e vc s f r i a a d ie h VDOCIt a t o e h th s p riiaig ( Rn d n wo l no b e kt i f s b tk n t erme c to a t p tn i ma a ) ud t ra her a t y a i g h i diain c n wih as lnmountofwa e .n e e or bu e on t si or ton no tm e t mal tr r f e, d hi nf ma i i c nge i pilpas wa ne es a y. ha n l s s c sr ' ' ( No. p.3. ECF 2, ) 0n Augu t18, 0, s 201 AbdulM aten fl ar a greva e,e ani t tf ng or l - e ed egulr i nc xpl i ng ha mki a m e c i w11 any a diaton 11 mountofwaerdurng da i hour vi aedhi Ra a n f tng t i ylght s ol t s m da asi oblgai unde t Qura Thegre nc a ke Re Oni om cal t r lr i ditl t i tons r he 'n. iva e s d d on i s o etzn mme aey o t m e ca i s dul us d durngRa he di ton che e e i madn i pr vi ye r a t pr de AbdulM a e n' n n e ous a s nd o ovi - te s me iaind rngn n m tn h u s Th wad n d e dt el e a c t o n e , ttn ta dc to u i o fsi g o r. e r e e me h v n e mf u d d saig h t f t r as outi i Nure Phi 'r s et t i or c or he e on lned n s pps e pons o he nf mal ompli ,no c ant hanget t pil o he l c ls hedul d i Ra n n wasne es a y.On a al t OHS de m e t gre nc al c e urng m dn c sr ppe , he e d he iva e u f u d d rl n o i o mainfo M u l Ch p e S r ie o Vigna(t CS ' ta n o n e , eyig n nfr to r m si a tr e vc s f r ii E V' h t m M ) i t swho a eilm a be e m pt9om f si a s d c i t t ket i s he ed nma e r l y xe a tng nd houl ontnue o a her c dul me c ton wih a s la ounto wa e durngt da i hour ofRa a n. Des t Abdul di a i t mal m f t r i he ylght s m da pie - M ae n' rp ae rq e t f ra j sme to tepi c l s h d e sa f d n c a g t te te s e e td e u ss o du t n f h l al c e ul, tf ma e o h n e o h l s he edurng Ramada 201 c dul i n 0. AbdulM a e wr t t M CSV a - t en o e o boutt m a tr l Novembe 201 a c plton of he te . n r 0, Aer om e i t Rnma f s , r c veda r pl fom t o g zai n,sai ç e asM usi s ha a he dan a t he e ei e y r he r e to t tng: 1 , W lm , ve fr beleft ta nmountofwae s lowedi e i l ( i da i hour)wil im i ha ny tr wal ntntonaly durng ylght s l i i t t ( mn fs '( No. p.7. 'her pons e esl de edt ta nvaldae he Rs dnn) m t' ECF 2, ) I es e xpr sy ni ha nyone ' 3 9om M CSV had s d ot r s t anyone.2 n eM CSV r s ei c t d t tVDOC ai he wie o e pons ndia e ha ad i sr tveofl i sand Cha an Se viesofAme i adenid a knowldge ofwho m i m nitai tcal pli r c rc e ny e ght havec muni a e t sm ii or a i t ttki or lm e ca i wih wa e durngt da om c t d hi se m ton ha a ng a di ton t t r i he y comple w11 Rs a n f tng pdncpls 'heM CSV r pons sa e t or a z ton id 11 m da Šsi i e.I es e tt d he g nia i i ende t wor wih VDOC ofk i st e ur f ur a commoda i n off si r quie e s nt d o k t t al o ns e ut e c to a tng e r m nt f al i aest ng pr s rbed me c tonsa i c t d:twe ha bee pr ie t tt s or 1 nm t aki e ci dia i nd ndia e t ve n om s d ha hi i ie twil o b r p ae i t ef t r . ( No.2 p. ) ncd n l n t e e e td n h u ue' ECF ' , 7. AbdulM a e a s rst by f lngt cbl g t pilca ls dul durngRa dnn - t en s e t hat aii o m e he l l che e i ma 201 prs oo cil knowi y f c hi t c 0, ion as ngl or ed m o hoos be we f l ng t pr e sofhi e t en olowi he ec pt s r lgi be i sa f e nghi pr s rpton media i a t rs ofs frng adve s he t e i ous lef nd or goi s e c i i c ton t he ik ufe i r e alh c eq nc o ac ptnghi m e c ton i vi a i ofli r i ousprnçpl s Abd - aee ons ue es r ce i s di a i n olton ls elgi i i e. ulM t n co e t t pilc lpolc t plce as tmta bur on hi r lgi belef , n nt nds hat he l al iy hus a d ubsl i l den s e i ous i s i v oaino h srg t u d rt UntdS ae Co ttto a dRIUI a df rta ij r , e i lto f i ih s n e he i tts nsiuin n . PA, n o h t n u y h e se sde lrt r a dij n tv rle a dc mp n ao y a dpmi v d ma e . e k caao y n nu cie eif n o e s tr n t e n g s3 i 2 Th M CS r s ns t Ab - ae n idiae t tS nyt ng(oo wae , diai ) no e V t po e o dulM te n c ts ha ç hi f d. tr me c ton , a matrho s l teq n iyma be itnto lytk n o al wilb e kt fs, ( No. p.8) te w mal h ua tt y , ne inal a e r l l r a he a t' ECF 2, . y ' Ther pons alo i caest when a i a e' teatng physi an de er nest t i ae' healh es e s ndi t hat n nm t s r i ci t mi hat he nm t s t w oul be atrs i he doesnotr cei hi medi i asnor l s d ik f e ve s caton maly chedul durng da i holr ,t s ed i ylght zs hi i t s oudno f s, utma ç k u 'h f i p a tc O e hi h at r tr st no ma.(d.t nmae h l t a t b y ' e p't e utng r cie r s e lh e u n o r l L=a ma 9)Alo iaMu l b l v rsh at wi n t mif ig h ma fe aNo p ro Cgv Fiy ' . s .f si ei e' e l l o tr t utn , e y e d r esn eie d a' m e h l ) a a at r tv b i hec nn a dt gi Flyw hei sil xe fom f sig.(d) s n lenaie, ut f a ot For o ve d s tle mpt r atn t . l a t da i'( No. 3) s mitdmo t O e hi rs on et Nu s Phi 'moi n nç Am vt' ECF 4 , ub te nhs r s e p s o re pps ton t dim is AbdulM a een r s an entr y new cl m r di fee e cie ofhi Ra ada belef o s s, - t aies iel ai egar ng r xer s s m n i s. Specii l AbdulM at cl m st ti 2011,Re Oni s fcalya - een ai ha n d on chedul Ramadan f tng acc modatons ed % i om i f 30 days,des t t f t tundert M usi cal or pie he act ha he lm endar t f tI t f onl 29 da i s eyea , , he as ass or y ys n om rs i udi 2011. He as erst tby ext ndi t f tan exta day,Red Oni om ci sdelyed Abdul ncl ng s t ha e ng he as r on al a M at sEi cel aton t cl e t f t AbdulM at doesnotmove t n end hi c een' d ebr i o os he as . - een o m s ompl ntt add ai o t scam t hslws ta dd sn tal eta a yoft dee n st t slws twa p ro ly hi li o i a ui n oe o l h t n he fnd ut o hi a ui s esnal eq i ved i t saleged i rngem enton h1 r i ouspr tce. Ther or t cour doesnotconsdert s nvol n hi l nf i s elgi ac i ef e, he t i hi lt tl i ue t bepar oft cas bef e t cour her ae-led ss o t he e or he t e. 4 I . Dicus i I s son A . St andar ofR e e d vi w A motont dimisunde Rul 1 b)6)oft Fe a RulsofCi lPr e et t t i o s s r e 2( ( he derl e vi oc dur ess he l gals c e y ofa c pli .Se eg. Bel At.Cor v.Twombl 553 U. 5 553e uo i nc om a nt e, . , l l p. v, S. 44, 63 ( 0 7 .I a d e sn aRue 1 0 6 moin,ith c u t yas c nsd re hiisatc e t 2 0 ) n d rs ig l 2 94 ) to t l e o r ma lo o i e x bt t h d o l a t c he ompli . Unie Stt se r .Cons c o s I v. fI :Co. 313F.Supp. 593, ant' ' t d a e x el % t r . nc. Gul ns , 2d 5 6( D. . 0 4)(iigFa etvi ll v so sv. mmeca Bu les I c, 3 F.d 1 6 9 E. Va 2 0 ctn v tt l n et r Co ril id r. n .9 6 2 4 2, t 1 65(t Ci.1 91 Th c u t tgr t mo int d s s i t ec llt n 4 4 h r 9 :. e o r mus rmt he to o imis f h ompsn a d at c e sdoesnota lge 4 nough f cst s aeacl m t r i ft ti pl usbl on isf ce' ta hm nt le t e a t o tt ai o ele ha s a i e t a .' Giraa v. ol on,521F. 298,302( h Ci.2008)(ntr lquottonsomit ) l artno J ms 3d 4t r i e na ai ted . n c onductng isr viw,ac tmus cons et f c si t lghtmos f vor bl t t pl i if i t e e our t % he a t n he i t a a e o he antf, butt ed notac e a tueunwa r nt i e enc , e onabl c l i ,o a gtme s' ç ne c pt s r ra ed nf r es unr ms e oncusons r r z nt .' I (nt lquottonsomitd) d. i ema ai te . Ano ca c nb hedla l u d rj1 3i hi idv d a c p ct o l i hi i wn o il a e l ib e n e 98 n s n ii u l a a iy n y f s t o i vi l a tons ... olt dt Consiuton. As oA v.I l 556 U. 662,1 S. . ndi dlnl c i vi a e he tt i ' hcr ' qba , S. 29 Ct 1 3 ,1 49( 0 ) 4 -l e ei n vc ro la ii u d rj 1 8 . v n v. a lsCo nv 9 7 9 2 08 . lfh r s o is ius iblt n e 9 3' e e Ch re u t l y 'Re Comm',882F. 870,874( h Ci.1 . s 2d 4t r 989) B. I talM at e s nii tr n ecour g a st m otont dimi sast AbdulM aee scai t tNtr e Phi ' t r nt he i o s s o - t n' l m ha ls pps a tonsc tt ed de i r t i Fe enc t hi s rousme c lne ds i vi aton oft Ei h ci onsiut lbe a e ndi r e o s e i di a e , n ol i he ght Am e e pr bii a ns cr land unus pu s ndm nt ohi ton gai t ue ual nihmen .The c t ompli tc nnsno a n onf i f c uala r e st s a t ve m nt o uppo ts h acli .AbdulM ate as e t i t compl i t tom c as r uc am - t n s rs n he ant bs il pr de a lpr s rbe m e c tonsdu i Rn a n.Thus AbdulM a e n c nnots ovi d l e c i d di a i rng m da , - te n how a ny 5 de i r t i fkr nc t hi s rousmedi lne , r r d t sae a Ei h Amendme lbe a e ndil e e o s e i ca eds as equie o t t n ght nt cam r g r n me ia c r .Se Esel v. mbl, 2 U. 9 ,1 4 0 ( 9 6 . li e adig dc l ae e tl Gn e 4 9 S. 7 0 - 5 1 7 ) e n ecou ta s sndst tAbd - ae c nnotpr vali s ea pe t ofhi r lgi r lo ha ulM ten n e i n om s c s s e i ous rg t cams Net e asaen riso c r a tngi tero ca c p cte aep ro ss be t i hs li . ih r tt o t m e s ci n h i m il a a iis r es n u j c t s tf monear dn gest rj 1 o ui or t y ma mde 983.W ilv. ihi nDe tofStt Polce 491U. 58 l M c aa p' ae i , S. ( 9 9 .Th s t t ee tn ta Ab ulM ae ns e Nms Php si h ro f a c p ct fr 1 8 ) u ,o h x e t h t d - te u s e ip n e fkil a a iy o mo tr d ma e u d r j1 3 t ec u t lp' ttemoi nt d s s, nea y a g s n e 98 , h o r wil a h to o imis n Smial Nu s P p i n ts b e t os i f rmo eayd ma e t e RLUI Thi i lry, re hips s o u j c t ut o n tr s g s md r PA. s s ut doe notau hodz a prva ec e ofa ton f moneydnmage a i tprs pe s ut e s t e i t aus c i or s ga ns ion r onnel f a tonsf n i t i ofi i lca ciis be a et y hav i muniy a ns s h cli s or c i nke n he r tc a pa te , c us he em t gai t uc am unde t Elve h Ame m e . Sos A o v. xas U. r he e nt nd nt s m n Te , S. - - - , 1 S. .1 5 ,1 6 ( rl 0 31 Ct 6 1 6 0 Ap i2 , 2 1; Ma io v Vian a 4 4F.d 1 8 1 3( t Ci. 0 ) Lie s , d lMae nc n o 01 ) ds n . r ii, 7 3 1 , 3 4h r 20 6 . k wie Ab u - t e n n t as e tRLUI c am sf rm one da gesagans Nur ePhi i he i vi lc pact i sr PA l i o y ma i t s pps n r ndi dua a iy n r inceon t Spe ng Clus f c toft sa t 4 Re ma v. Rous 569 F. 1 1 ela he ndi a e ae he tm e. ndel n e, 3d 82, 89 ( hCi. 4t r 2009) Consquenty,hecour pa sNurePhi 'motont dimisa t alof . e lt t nt s pps i o s s s o 1 AbdulM a e n' M UI c am sa i the f rmone e r le . - te s PA l i gans r o t e if n e El nt Am e eve h ndmen doesnotba AbdulM aten' cli unde M UI f t r - e s s ms r PA or ij tver i a ns NurePhi i he ofki c pact SeeLovelcev. ,472F. n unci elef gai t s pps n r t al a iy. a Lee 3d 1 1 94, (t1Ci. ) No doesi ba pli i scamsunde t Fis Ame me 74, 93- 202 41 r 2006 . r t r antŠli r he zt nd nt f m o tr r le agans t def nt i t i i vi xx ca c te o hi c am sf or ne a y e if i t he endn s n her ndi dl l pa ii s r s l i or ij n t rle i t ero ilc p cte .S eI . t1 3 9 . n e eo e t c u t e ist e nu ci eif n h i mca a a iis e - a 9 - 4 ve d r f r ,he o r d n e h 4 N eihert Fourh Cicui nort U nied St es Supr m e Cour hasyetaddr ed t ques i t he t r t he t at e t ess he ton ofwhet a Rt. PA cl m coul ars undert Com mer Cl pori oft s a t Se her UI ai d ie he ce ause ton he t m e. e Rendel man,569 F. at189. AbdulM aeen,howeve ,f l t ale a f ss 3d - t r ais o lge ny act ugges i t thi cl ms tng ha s ai agai tNur e Phi coul qualf asactonabl cl m sundert Comm er Clus s i ofRLUY A. ns s pps d iy i e ai he ce a e ecton 6 m oto t dim isast t eas t ofAbdulM ae sr i i rght c ai sf rt r in o s s o hes pec s - ten' elg ous i s l m o he e%ons t tf l .5 ha olow C.Re i ousRi sCl m s lgi ght ai 1. Applc eLaw i abl TheFis Am e e pr e t a i e' rghtt t fe e r ie ofr lgi U . rt ndm nt ot c s n nmat s i o he r e xe c s e i on. S. Co s. me d. ; u v. t , 0 U. 31 3 2( 9 7 .A sn eep ro a rlgo sb le n ts n 1Cr z Beo 4 5 S. 9, 2 1 7 ) i c r es n l eiiu eif wa r nt t sFis Ame ra s hi r t ndme pr e i r ga dl s ofwhehert bei fi mandaed by a nt otcton, e r e s t he le s t p riua etb ih drlgino hedb amao h o t b le e swi n ar lgo n o sv. a tc lr sa ls e ei o r l y j r y f he eiv r t hi ei in. ma Re iw Bd. fldin Emp o me tSe . v, 5 U. 7 , 6 ( 9 )(i dngt a fd r l ve o n a a l y n c Di.4 0 S. 07 71 1 81 fn i h t e ea c t ar nott stasar t sofr i ousorhodoxy) ours e o i bier elgi t . To sae acli t tprs om cil orr a i ha vi a e a i t srghtt fe tt am ha ion a s egultons ve olt d n nma e' i o r e exe c s ofr lgi apli ifmus pr t the hol asnc r r lgi bele , oppos d t a r ie ei on, a ntf t ove ha ds i e e e i ous if as e o s c a pr f r nc a t tt oë c a aci n o r gulton s bsn ilybm de hi e r s of e ulr e e e e, nd ha he i l to r e a i u t ntal ned s xe cie ta b le . Hem andezv Comm', 9 U. 6 0 6 9( 9 9 .TheSu rmeCo r d tn s h t eif6 r 4 0 S. 8 , 9 1 8 ) pe u t el e . aS u tn il u d n'a o et a G u l)s bsm t l r su eo a a hee tt mo iyhs ç bsn ta b r e ' s n h tt ts u tni p e s r n n d rn o df i s p a be ora t vi aehi be if ,' m % v.Re e Bd. I Empl havi nd o ol t s le s'Tho vi w of nd. ovme Se Di , 0 nt c. v.45 U. 707,71 ( 981,oronet tf ce ape s t l hoos bewe n f l ngt pr c pt of S. 81 ) ha or s ron o ç e t e olowi he e e s c l il eii na df retn ( o e n na)b n s s o teo eh n , n a a d n n o o te l s r lgo n o f i g g v r me tl e e t, n h n a d a d b n o i g ne f h l i p e e t o t s rlgo . . nt oh rha t' Sh r e t . m e , 7 U.. 9 , 0 ( 9 3 . r c p s f hil ei in , o he te n ' eb r v Ve r 3 4 S 3 8 4 4 1 6 ) Pl i ifmus pr notonl t tde e an spl e a s t ilbur n on hi abiiy t antf t ove y ha f nd t ac d ubsmnta de s lt o 5 Som e i or a i i t r d s nf m ton n he ecor uggesst ti t f ur s Re Oninofii sma a j s t t ha n he ut e d o fcal y d u t he pilpas s l s chedul t accom modat t Rsmada f ts eo e he n Šs chedul ast y di f se alyear prort e, he d or ver s i o Rsm adan 2010 and agai i 2011. W ihoutdiec evi nn t r t dence ofapolc c iy hange,how e r,t cour cs ve he t nnot tn a t stmet tAb - te sde n f ijn tv r ifi moo. ld thi i ha dulMae n' ma d ornu cie ele s t 6 The def endnnt ha notque i s ve stoned t si iy ofAbdulM aee ssat beleft the mus he ncert - t n' t ed i ha t f îcom pl el durng t da i hotr ofRnm a as et y i he ylght ls dan. 7 e r iehi r lgi pr c i ,butas t tt y knowi y di s i adve tntorne i nt xe c s s ei ous a tce lo ha he ngl d o; n re glge i e fr nc w11 a i t sr lgi uspr tc doesnotrs t consi i pr tons ntre e e t1 n nma e' e i o aci e ie o tmtonal opori . Lo l c 472 F.d a 1 ve a e, 3 t 94. I e ctng RLUI Conr e sp a e he ghtned pr t c i t i aes r i ous n na i PA, s nt d i e o e ton o nm t ' elgi exer se. '' sam t defnes çr i ous exerci 'broadl t i ude çany exer s ofr i on, ci Ihe t e i telgi se' y o ncl % ci e elgi wh te o n tc mp le b o c n l o as se o r lgo sb l f' 20 0 c ( )A) To eh r r o o eld y, r e ka t , y tm f ei iu ei . e 'j 0 c -57 ( . brng aRLUI c lng t i t m us de i PA hale e, he nma e t mons t a s t talbur n onhi r lgi ka e ubsan i de s ei ous e ecs ,s e i al ,h ta o ca saea to , tlo g a to o sin, p ts s b tnil x r ie p csc ly t a n ë il tt cin ul u h c r miso ' u l) u sa ta r pr s eon anndhe e t modiyhi beha ora t vi ae Msbei f .' Lovel e 47 F. es m r nt o f s vi nd o ol t le s'' ac , 2 3d a 1 7( u tn 'h ma , 5 U. a 71 ) I m s si t i b r e , o rsmu tn t u g t t 8 q o ig r o s 4 0 S. t 8 . n s e sng hs u d n c u t s o j d e he sg f eoft pari a beiforprctcei quesi I a 1 n. (ii Cute v. inikanc he tculr le a i n ton. d. t 87 2 ctng tr W ikn o , 4 U. 7 97 5n.1 ( 0 5 ( tn t a RIUI ' a si uiyit wheh r(h ) lis n 5 4 S. 0 ,2 3 2 0 ) noig h t , PA ç r nq r n o t e t e b beiforprci i t ntal t aprs rsrlgi ' .Oncet i t demons t t t le a tce s ce r 'o ione ' ei on-) ' he nmae laes ha prs om cil pm s apolc knowi t ti pi e a s l nta bur n o i t ' ion as ued iy, ng ha t ac d ubsn il de n nma es snc r l hel r ii pr cie,Lovea e, F.da 1 ( ngt tRLUP A doesnotra h i e ey d elgous a tc lc 472 3 t 94 sndi ha ec n gie tvo ai n o imae ' eii u p a t e ) ted fn a t s c mefr r wih e lg n ilto s f n t s r l o s r ci s,h e e d n mu t o o wa d t g c evi nc de ons r tng t tt polc f rher a c peli s a e i er s by t l s r t i tve de e m ta i ha he i y u t s om lng t t nt e t he ea t esr c i m e . Cute ,544 U . a 723. ans tr S. t 2. Pr m a Faci C l m s i e ai Nur ePhi a s t t ta 1cli sa i thers d bedim is be a eAbd s pps s ers ha 1 am gans houl s s ed c us ul M a e n doesnota lge f c ss te le a t howi t tt polc r ga di whe t co ng ha he i y e r ng n o nduc pilc l durng t l al i Rn a n 201 e a t fom Nur ePhi .M or ove ,s c e t tAbdulM a e n' m da 0 m naed r s pps e r he ont nds ha - te s al tonsdo no de onsr t t tNure Phips r ei c le d pilca ls he i legai t m ta e ha s p ' ol n hal nge l l c dulng 8 c tt e a H ons i usac , r he t n mer neglge e';whi doesnotgi rs t a onsiut d c c o t at r ha e i nc ,' ch ve ie o consiui cli oracli unde RIUI ( No. p. )( i Shl dv. tttonal am am r , PA. ECF 20, 4. quotng bee W i t 885F.Supp.861 868( D. .1 ,ard,1 F. 3( hCi.1 nson, , E. Va 995) t 61 3d 4t r 998:. Co tui t f c si t lghtm os f vor bl t AbdulM ate t c tc l ns r ng he a t n he i ta a eo - e n, he our oncudest t ha heh ssae camsu d rj1 8 a RLUI t a Nm s PMp u o ngyfie t a ttd li n e 9 3 nd PA h t e ps wi l ald o a commodat hi Ra a n bei f .AbdulM a e n al st to he nur est d hi Nm s c e s m da le s - t e lege ha t r s ol m e Phi wa t pe s t m k a pps s he r on o s boutc ngng t Rama n m e cai s he e On t srtda ha i he da di ton c dul. he s y oft f t AbdulM ae sa e i hi i or lc he ms, - ten t t d n s nf ma ompl i t ttki media i durng t f s ant ha n ng c ton i he a t vi a e hi pe s na r i ousbelef ,e ane t ta i or a i t ng a c r posto olt d s r o l elgi i s xpl i d ha ny nf m ton nki onto iin o Rs d nf sigr q rme t wa iv ldu d rt Qu 'n a d ak df ras h d l c n e n ma a a tn e uie n s s n ai n e he ra , n s e o c e ut ha g t ac om moda et e be i s Phi r ple t t ti or lc o c t hos lef . pps e id o ha nf ma ompl i ,sa i no c ant t tng hanget o t pils he ewa ç es a y' b a et ki m e c i dudng t da di notvi ae he l c dul s t nec s r ' ec us n ng diaton he y d olt M usi be if a or ng t i or ai n t VDOC hadr c ve fom M usi au hortes lm le s cc di o nf m to he e ei d r lm t ii . AbdulM a e n as pr e se denc t tt M CSV hŠsde e ma ng t saeme on whih - t e lo es nt vi e ha he ni d ki he t t nt c Phi r i i r usng t c nget pils he e pps eled n ef i o ha he l c dul . AbdulM a e n' aleg to do notme e y a tmptt hol Phi la ef apolcy o r - t e s l a i ns r l te o d pps ibl or i ve whi h s had no c r orf a polcy t ts ba e on ne i nti e r t ton oft OH S c he ont ol or i ha he s d glge nt m e a i he i or ton.Ra he ,heco tGndst tAbd - aee ha sa e apdmaf c ec eunde I l nf ma i t rt ur ha ulM t n s t t d a i as r gba , 1 S. .a 1 49, ha Nur ePhi wŠpe s ly i ved i t de son nott at rt epil 29 Ct t 9 t t s pps s r onal nvol n he cii o le h l pa ss hed ef Ra a n 201 t ts knowi y ba ed t sde son on cont t d s c ul or m da 0, ha he ngl s hi cii ese i or a i a nf m ton boutM us i f tng r quie e s a t ts r f e t c nge t spolc aqe lm % i e r m nt , nd ha he e us d o ha hi iy r 1 Exceptf he ar ent ofno m r onala i entonali vement N ur e Phi doesnot or r gum s s nd nt i nvol s pps , ar t AbdulM at salega i f lt s if t el gue hat - een' l tons ai o ats y he ement necess y t sat ac i s ar o t e tonabl cl m s e ai undert Fis Am endmentand RLUI . he rt PA 9 t fr tda ofRama n i knowi vi a i ofAbd - a e n' pe s lRn a n f tng he is y da n ng olton ulM t e s r ona m da u i be if The e or t cour c l le s. r f e, he t oncudest tAbdulM a e n hassa e a i bl c am sa i t ha - te tt d ctona e l i gans Nur ePhi unde bot t Fis Am e s pps r h he rt ndme a RLUI nt nd PA. 3.Qualfe I i d mmuniy t N tre Phi a gue t AbdulM a e n' cai f m o tr da ls pps r s hat - t e s l ms or nea y mage a ns he s gai t r s d be dim is d on t e gr houl s se h ound ofqualfed i uniy. Shear st tno r as ii mm t gue ha e onabl oo c r e e woul haveknownt tm ant i ngt nor a pilcals hed edurng Rs a n, n r la e on d ha i ani he m l l l c ul i m da i ei nc i or ton Red Oni r c ved fom OHS a M CSV, olt d AbdulM a e n' rg sunder nf ma i on e ei r nd vi a e - t e s i ht t Fis Am e he r t ndme orRLUI nt PA.Theco tc nnota ee ur a gr . H il i l t pr e soo ceswhoc oualted mmlniy otct r ommi c tt ina vi ai butwho,i t onsiuto l oltons n lghtofcla l esa ihed lw,c d r % ona y be ivet tt i aci we elw f l' He y i e ry tbls a oul e bl le ha her tons r a u . ' nr v. ln l, 5 F.d5 4 5 ( t Ci. 01 )(iigSa ce v Kaz 5 3U. 1 4 2 6( 0 ) Pl el6 2 3 2 , 31 4 h r 2 1 ctn u ir . t, 3 S. 9 , 0 2 01, r o e ldi pat yPq ro v Calh n, 5 U. 2 3( 0 9 Qu l idi n t iv ve a v = e n r b a s n . la a 5 5 S. 2 2 0 :. ai e mmu iy n ol s f t -tp iq iy ()wh t e tepanirsalg to saeacam t a d fn a t'c n u t wo se n ur : a eh r h litf l ains tt li h t e e d n s o d c e vi ae aconsi ina orsatt yrghtand( whehe t tdghtwa ce ryetbls d. oltd tmto l t uor i ; b) t r ha s la l sa ihe Siuce ,533 U. a 206. ir S. t The c thasconc ude t tA bdulM a ee hass a e a tonabl c ai sunde RIU I our l d ha - t n tt d c i e lm r - PA a t Fis Ame m e ,i s ts a ton oft frte e ntoft q lfed i unlya l i . nd he rt nd nt n a if c i he ls l me he uail mm ' nays s t M or ove ,t Loveac de i i e t bls d t tde ng aM usi i aet a lt t obs r e e r he l e c son sa ihe ha nyi lm nm t he biiy o e v Rn a f si prncpl pl c as t nta bur n o hi r lgi p a tce Se Loveac , m dan a tng i i es a ed ubsn i l de n s ei ous r c i . e l e 472 F. a 1 89.Formany ye r bef eRs 3d t 88a s or mada 201 prs om ci sha unde sood t t n 0, ion al d rt ha Ra mndn prnci esr r f si M usi t f eg i a ofa lf a wa e durng n i pl equied m tng lms o or o nt ke 1 ood nd t r i da i hthour a had a omm odaedt ebe if by a trng me a me c ton s he e . ylg s nd cc t hos le s le i al nd di a i c duls 1 0 Ofcol Ša tona ac m modatonsmayr r r s bl at r i ,bas d o new l me, dii l co i equie ea ona e le atons e n a r i ei or i Thewe lplade aleg i nsofAbdulM a e n' c pl ntsa et t nd elabl nf maton. l e d l ato - t e s om ai tt ha AbdulM a e n i or Nur e Phi on t fr tda ofRa dant tt i tu ton s - t e nf med s pps he is y ma ha he nsr c i he cai t ha r ceved fom M CSV wasi c ur e a t tt ng me c ton d i l med o ve e i r na c at nd ha nki dia i urng Ra d n f igh m sv oae Abd - ae n sp ro a b le su de t eQm 'n.l t ef c ma a %tn o i ltd ulM t e ' es n l eif n r h a n h ae oft s s ik f c s ar % ona eoë cilwoul ha known t tr f sng t ale t Ra a n he e pec f a t , e bl a d ve ha e u i o tr he m da pils he e vi aedAbd - ae sc tmtonala sa u or rg t feee c s ofhi l c dul olt ulM ten' onsi i nd t t t y i ht o r xer ie s snc r r lgi be if .The e or t cour c nno fnd a t ssa oft ltg to t tNur e i e e e i ous le s r f e, he t s t i t hi t ge he ii a i n ha s Phi i e il d t qualfe i muniy ast AbdulM a e n' cli sf m one a y dn a pps s ntte o ii d m t o - t e s am or t r m ges unde t Fis Am e r he r t ndme .8 nt Fort r as sa e t c tc l est tNur ePhi 'moton t dim ismus be he e ons t t d, he our oncud ha s pps i o s s t pant i pa ta de e pa t Spe i aly,hec td est moton ast AbdulM a e n' ed n r nd ni d r. c fc l t our eni he i o - te s camsf rij cier l ft e 4 U. C. 1 8 a dRIUI a an tNu s Plp si h r li o nun tv ei md r 2 S. j 9 3 n . PA g is re l p n e e i o ca c p ct , n a t li camsf rmo eayd ma e u d rj 1 8 a an t reP ips m il a a iy a d s o l li o n tr n g s n e 9 3 g i s Nu s hp s i ht i vi llca iy,f vi ai hi rghtt fete cs ofhi r i ousbei f The n r ndi dln pact or oltng s i o r xer ie s elgi le s. c tgr nt t moton t dimism t a1 ot ra pe t ofAbdulM a e n' cl ms our a s he i o s s s o 1 he s c s - t e s ai . De e nt R a a Sc li fl a fdavisi s f nda s y nd hilng ied f i t n uppor oft i m oton f s l m a y t he r i or lm r j d me t whihi n w rpef rd s o iinatrc mp ei no ds o ey.I t eitr s o u g n , c s o i o ip sto fe o lto f ic v r n h nee t f j dca e ce y tec u t ldr c Nu s Php st s bn t t ntn ( 0 d y h rrs o s u iil m inc ,h o r wil ie t re ip o u li wi e 1 ) a s e e p n e hi t p an i smoi nf rp rilsl r j o e t n l bit a dt s b ta ya d to a o litŠto o ata l mma y ud n o i l y n o u mi n d iin l a i di pos tve m o i ofhe own i a tm el f s on s t tt c tm a a d a pi c m e s ii ton r n i y a hi o ha he our y voi e e al di pos ton a pr pty r s ve t r m a ni i s s A n a opr a e or rw ile e tts da s ii nd om l e ol he e i ng s ue . ppr i t de l nt r li y. 8 The def e ofqualfed i muniy i nota l e i tcas . . . wh r ij ci r le i ens ii m t s vaiabl n ç es e e nun tve eif s s ul t' Pt ro 55 U. a 2 Un rt sp i i e quaiidi o . a s n. 5 S. t 42. de hi rncpl, lft mmuniyp o de n po d o ' t r vi s o un n whihNurePhi si enilddimis l Abd - ae n' camsf ij ncier le . c s pp s tte s s a of ulv te s li or n u tv eif The Clr i die t d t s c esoft sm e o a l o ni a a ompanyi e k s r c e o end opi hi m r ndlm pi on nd cc ng or rt pl i if de o antf . E ER:w s , dyo y bur, 0 2 xT > a r eray 2 1. ChifUnied St t DikitJ e t aes s c udge 1 2

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