-RSB Via v. Wilhelm et al, No. 7:2011cv00050 - Document 38 (W.D. Va. 2011)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 11/9/2011. (kab)
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< cl :eF.$ u. DI * ur eRK' :e :, R ATRQANCKE, A I 'V FI Lt: N0V 29 201 1 I T H E UN I ED STA TES D I N T STR I T C O U R T C FO R T H E W ESTE RN D I RICT O F V I G I I ST R N A R O AN O K E D I I O N V SI JULA C I BY; . L CL EY ERK E B AR R Y L YN N V IA , Pl nt f ai i f, C i lA cti N o.7: vi on 11cv00050 V. M EM O M N D UM O PI I N N O B. .W ILH E LM ,et al, G . By:Sam ue G . is l W l on U nied St D i tri Judge t ates s ct D efendants. Thi i a aci purua t 28U. C.j 1 3br s s n ton s nt o S. 98 ought os byVigi ai t Bar rr e r ni nmae ry Lynn Vi Vi a lgest tt def nda s i vi satt Vigi aDe rme ofCore tons a. a le ha he e nt , ndi dual he r ni pa t nt rci (û ' VDOC' RedOni Stt Prs (t ' ) on ae ion dROSP',a AugusaCo rci Ce e , olt hi ' nd ) t re tonal ntr vi aed s pr dur lduepr es rght whe t y f s l c r ed hi wih a punihe hi f t oce a oc s i s n he aley ha g m t nd s d m or he di c plna y of e e ofti tng t r o orrotng.' 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C. j2 0 c ( 0 )(RLU1 A', n e n n tt to aie ro t f 0 0, 2 S. j 0 0 c 20 6 t d P ' ) t Fis Ame e ,a t Fouree h Ame e by t de e nt 'f l et pr dehi he r t ndm nt nd he t nt ndm nt he f nda s aiur o ovi m w ih hal m e taspa tofhi di t V i s e dn a f t c tt i la s a ut y t al a r s e . a e ks m ges or he onsiutona nd t t or v oain a da ij n to o d rn ted fn a t t p o i eh l l a a pa t ft i lto s n n n u cin r ei g h ee d n s o r v d a a me t s r o he Co m on Far di t The c e i now be or t c t t de e nt 'm o i f r s m a y m e e. as s f e he our on he f nda s ton o um r j d me t Be a eVi ' d ep oc s cam wo l,fe tbih d ne e srl i l t u g n . c us as u r e s li ud i sa ls e , c sa i mpy he y i ldiy ofhi c c i f ti ii t rotorro i 'a be us Vi hasno c nvai t s onvi ton or ûnc tng o i i tng,' nd ca e a t omple id wiht ha se usi r disi edbyHe kv. t he bea xha ton eme e mpos c Humphr v,51 U. 477( 994)t e 2 S. 1 ,he c tgrnt t dee nt'motonf s our a s he fnda s i or ummayj me ont tcl m.Furhe,be us t r udg nt ha ai t r ca e he de e nt ha es a i he t tV D OC ' hal m e tpolc i t l tr t i tve m e nsof f nda s ve t bls d ha S al a i y s he eas es rc i a f t rng a c pe lng gover e i e e t t c tgr nt t def nda s m oton f urhe i om li nm nt nt r s , he our a s he e nt ' i or s mmayj d me t nVi' RLUI A a dFrt n me tcams Fial b c u eVi h s u r u g n o as P n is Ame d n li . n l e a s a a y, nots hown t thei bei te t d dif r nty t sm ia l st t d i t sort any ha s ng r a e fe e l han i lry iua e nma e hat d srmiainwa pupo e u,h c u t rn sted fn a t' to f rs mmayj d me to ici n to s r s f lt e o r g a t h ee d n s moi n o u r u g n n Vi sFo te h Am e e cai . a' ure nt ndm nt l m 1. Vi spr e la duepr es cli na ss ve alde e nt fom Aug t a' oc dtr l oc s am me e r f nda s r usa Core tonal(hest oft dit ba t tuli tl ga rs t t cli ,s vealdee nt rci t ie he sur nce ha tmaey ve ie o he am) e r fnda s fo ROS (h st o tealg dyful p o e dn ) a daVDOC rg o a a miitao .At rm P t e ie f h le e l a t r c e ig , n y e i n l d n sr tr t s s a oft pr ee ng, he cour vi st f c si t lg m os f vor e t Vi . Se hi t ge he oc di t t ew he a t n he i ht t a abl o a es ec, c t v. ri, 5 U. 3 2, 7 (00 ) Vi alg st a ag o po i mae a Au u t ..S ot Hars 5 0 S. 7 3 8 2 7 . a l e h t r u f n ts t g sa e Core tona bega fghtng i hi vi niy o Fe ua y 1 201 Vi s ta at bl s m editnce r ci l n i i n s ci t n br r 6, 0. a a t a e o sa f om t fgh i aspr s gua dsac e t brng t di t ba e unde con r . W hie t g r r he i tng i on r t d o i he sur nc r t ol l he ua ds w o ke t r s or o de , he s t ton m oved i o Vi s i m e a e vi i t and a i a e r d o e t e r r t iua i nt a' m di t c niy n nm t punc hi i t f e. Core tonalOfk e Campbe ls w t punc a ke Vi i hewa hed m n he ac rci t r l a he h, s d a f s o kay,a t d Vi t thewoul vouc t tVi ha notbe n i ve i t fght Vi wast n nd ol a ha d h ha a d e nvol d n he i . a he t ke f medialteam e , ac d on i tga i sa us ta f red fom Augusa a n or c r t nt pl e nvesi tve tt , r ns e r r t Co r c i lt R O SP, a uli a e y c r d wih Gi ii t r o orr o i 'l r e tona o ' nd tm t l ha ge t 1nc tng o i t i tngA c or ng t V i t s e nti tga i a c c di o a, he ubs que nves i ton nd onvi ton wer r pl t w ih ci e e ee t vi a i ofpr e a due pr es ,i udi a l c ofnotc a l ck ofr pr e t ton i ol tons oc dur l oc s ncl ng a k i e, a e es n a i n vi ai ofprs polc a alc ofs cii t i t c r s ( Complc1 1 4 7, olton ion iy, nd a k pe fciy n he ha ge . See . . , -1 ECF no.1)M os i tnty, acamst tt e prs ofi r ga knowi fletsi . tmpora l Vi li ha hre ion tces ve ng, as etmonya t 1A n afi vi fom t hearng of i r fied byt de endant ,sa est s veil e f a fda t r he i fce , l he f s t t hat ur lanc oot ge confnned V i spa i pa i i t dit bance. Theafi tf t sat t tV i di notcom pl wih i a' rtci ton n he sur tdavi urher t es ha a d y t a or sgi durng t dit bance,t tV i di notr ny der ven i he sur ha a d emovehi s ffom t dit banc a t t m el r he sur e, nd ha al c l omplanti eswer s andi a f ng t wal durng t dit ba i nmat e t ng nd aci he l i he sur nce. 2 hi h aig a dt thi flet si n wa s b r e b t iv siai o t r ( e Co . s e rn , n ha t s as e tmo y s u o n d y he n e tg tng f . S e mpl ke c.1 9 2. Vi al st t a t t i si tngofie f outa Ofi e Gl rs l , -1 ) a lege ha, fer he nve tgai fc r ound bout tc r ove ', Ca mpbe ls a W hie' wrte sae e si s l', nd t s itn t tm nt n uppor ofVi t i tg tng ofi e t d t a,he nvesi a i fc r t ha t m c nget i satme so al ' ( he ha her t e nt r ly.' Compl c.11 ) Asar s thecams isg.JE. . l ,2. eul, li ,û t . Gl r A. . m pbe la JD . hie al ga f let tmony t tt y al kne t be f le' ove , D Ca l nd . W t l ve a s esi ha he l w o as .' ( Compl c.1, ) Thedeenda smanti t tVi r eve afi a i ri dicplnay . l 9. f nt i an ha a ec i d ar nd mpa tal si i r hea i a t ts tcinte de e s rng nd ha ufi e vi nc uppore hi c c i Vi sconviton r ule i hi td s onviton. a' c i es t d n s l i t ry da ofr ul r c l- s gl nta ni t da ofgood- i e c e t V i i not os ng hi t ys eg a e las i une nd ne y ys tm r di . a s r ue tng t tt cour r t ehi good-i c e t onl t tt hebe a r d da esf eq si ha he t esor s tme r di, y ha he wa de mag or t pr e alduepr svi ai . he oc dur oces ol tons I hi hal m ea cl m , i a l gesa s pa a e s toff c saga ns a di tnc s tof n s al t ai V a le e rt e at i t si t e de e nt .Hename t ROSP f s r i ema ge ,t ROSP as it ntwa de t VDOC f nda s s he ood-e v c na r he ssa r n, he die t ,a V D OC r onala i s r t , nd a V D O C di tta V i i a M us i w hos f t r c or egi dm ni t a or a e ii n. a s lm e aih r quie hi t ad r t pa tc a dit y r src i . I a at mptt abi by t s e r s m o he e o riulr ear e titons n n te o de he e r sr c i , he e l d i t prs n' C omm on Fa e di ti 2008. Pro t De embe 2,2007, e t i tons r e n 2 ir o c mole n he io s r t tdi ts i Com m on Fa e pa tci nt w ih hal m e ton M onda ,W e s ys a ha e uppled r r i pa s t al a ys dne da , nd Frdays butt e s r ngsha s nc be n r a ed w ih s y- o e n- s d e r es3 vi i , hos e vi ve i e e epl c t o pr t i ba e nt e . a cli , we r t thi M usi fiha t Qurnr uiehi t ea hal me te c da An ams ho ve ,ha s lm at nd he a eq r m o t al a a h y. a fda tf om M a k Enge ke t D ie t ofFood Se v ce f VD O C,s a e t tEnge ke f i vi r r l , he r c or r i s or t t s ha l c ule wih t l a oft l lm i Ce e ofVigi ar ga di Vi sc am a l m e t t ons t d t he e der he sa c nt r r ni e r ng a' l i nd ea d ha 2TheCom mon Far di i desgned t mee t nutii and r i ousneedsofaw i varey e et s i o t he rtonal elgi de it o r lgo g o ,i l i J wsa M usi .Se M a s v. r ni, 4 F.d 1 8 l ( hCi. f eiius r ups ncudng e nd lms e dion ViMi a 47 3 1 , 23 4t r 2 6) Ac olav. el , 7: 1c 01 08 200 W L 93 31 a * ( . Va Se t 1 20 ) 00 . o l Ang one No. 0 -v- 0 , 6 , 87 , t 4 W D. . p . , 06 . 3On Tuesday, Thur day,Sa ur and Sunday,t prs se t har boied eggs or s t day, he ion rves una, d- l , p a tb tr ( f . Br Su M o .S e nu ute . De s' . pp. t umm. . tc 2 3 ECFNo. ) J Ata h. , , 25. 3 t r i no r quieme f M usi st e tme e r day a t t Comm on Fa editd s he e s e r nt or lm o a at ve y nd hat he r e oe , i f c ,me tll mi gui lne .The a fdavi f rhe expl nst tVDOC s nds$190pe day n a t e sn c de i s fi t u t r ai ha pe . r t f e a i t $2. pe da f t Comm on Fa e dit a $5 t $7pe da whe hal o e d n nma e, 85 r y or he r e , nd o r y n al me t sicu e i t edit ( f.Br S p M o. u J Ata h 2 !6 ECFNo. 5) Vi a i n ld d n h e. De s' . u p. t S mm. . tc . , , 2. a s e s$1 0 i c mpe s tr a dp ntv d ma e a da ij n to o d rn h l me tt b e k 0 0 n o n ao y n u iie a g s n n nu cin r e ig aal a o e i l d i hi di t nc ude n s e . Il. V i fr tcl m st the i e il d t da a s f t vi a i ofhi cons iutonaldue a i s ai ha s ntte o m ge or he ol ton s tt i pr s rght dur ng hi i s i ton and c c i f t ncii t r o orr o i ' Bec us oce s i s i s nve tga i onvi ton or t tng o i t i tng. i ' a e V i scl i woul i es a i he ne s a iy i pl t i ldiy ofhi c a' a m d, f t bls d, ce s rl m y he nva i t s onvi ton f t nc tng c i or t ii i t roto r o i ' a bec us V i ha notco ple w ih t ha ase us i n r quie e t o i r i tng,' nd a e a s m i d t he be xha t o e r m n s i e byHe kv. mpos d c Humphrv,hi j1 cli i no vibl a t co tgrnt t e s 983 am s t a e nd he ur a s he d fn a t' to f rs mma yj d me t4 ee d n s moin o u r u g n . W ikns nv Dos n 5 4U. 7 ( 05, si tu tv i ti c s b c u ei c n ies li o . to , 4 S. 4 20 ) i nsr cie n h s a e e a s t o sd r wheheraprs rsj 1 3cli i prcl dbyisitu i upont c eofha asc pus t ione ' 98 am s e ude t nr son he or be or . Tho h ditnguiha eon t f c s t c s i hepf lbe a e i ta est de l e oft ug si s bl he a t , he a e s l u c us t r c he veopm nt he p rie t u ip d n eb gn i wihtesmia d cso o Pr ie v. d iue , 1U. e t n j rs nze c e inng t h e n l e iin f es r Ro ra z 41 S. n 475(1 a asit i fa ngt t or ofhabe s'suehee. 973) nd sss n r mi he t e c a 'is r l Pr ie , he Supr m e Co ti tal c i r t r a i hi be we n ha a c pus n esr t e ur nii ly onsde ed he eltons p t e be s or a j1 nd 983.Thesaeprs r i Prie br tt iones n esr oughtj 1 aci c le ngt 983 tons halngi he c tt i lt ofpr s n di c plna y pr e ngsr s tng i t l s oft rgood-i e ons iutona iy i o s i i r oce di e uli n he os hei tm ce t.Ana l i oft lng ge, so y,a pur esofha asc pusa j 1 de t rdis nayss he a ua hitr nd pos be or nd 983,f d he l 4B .G. ihel , E. over J. . hie, D. W l m J. Gl , D W t A. Campbel,B.Cox,L.M uli ,Tr Ra and l lns acy y, J S.Ga man a et def nt na ed i t spori ofV i scom pl nt ohn r r he enda s m n hi ton a' ai . 4 Cour t fnda i i texc pton fom jl sot iebr ds opef a tonst t1e to i n mplci e i r 983' henvs oa c or ci ha i é t nt coeofha sc pus''W iki o 5 U. a 79( i Pr ie , 1U. a wihi he r bea or .' l ns n, 44 S. t quotng esr 41 S. t 487 .A saeprs nersc l f l wihi t tcoe,a cor ngt t Cour,whe he ) tt io ' halenge als t n ha r c di o he t n C ha l ngest f c ordur ton ofhi c i m ent... nd s e e t i m e a e r l s f o t le c he a t ai s onfne a e ks iher m di t e ea e r m prs n,o t s re ngofhi tr ofc i men.'l (ntr lcttonsa quottons io r he ho tni s em onfne t' d. i ena iai nd ai omitd) Ana tont r t eg tmecedisi i efcta at kont durtonofphysc l te . ci o esor ood-i r t s n fe n tac he ai ia c i nt a t çhePrierprs r c dnotpuruet i cli unde j1 3. 1 onfneme , nd hus t es iones oul t s her ams r 98 ' d. ' A st W iki on Cour no e t Supr m e Cour ' ne pe tne de s on,W olfv. he l ns t t d, he e ts xt r i nt ci i f M c l l418U. 539( 974) éea aedt c o soft sha ascor c e. I Domel, S. 1 ,ilbort he ontur hi be pus or ' d. ' (ntr lq ttonso ted .I W olf a i Pr s r saeprs r c l d,unde j1 i ena uoai mit ) n f, s n eie, tt iones halenge r 983, t çe he û voca i ofgood-i e cr disby m e nsofc tt i l defci ntdi c plna y r ton tm e t a ons iutonaly i e si i r pr ce di . l ( tngW olf 41 U. a 5 .TheW olfCour hel t tPrie pr l d o e ngs' d.cii ' f, 8 S. t 53) f t d ha esr ecude ta ij to r t i g tmei opel tke ''l ( i W olf 418U. a 555) t n nuncin esorng ood i mpr ry a n.' d.quotng f, G S. t . Bu,ast Cour r c e i W iki on,thei t c dus j 1 t obti ade lrto t he t e ountd n l ns i nmaes oul e 983 o an caain t (a ap e iaet t i r q e tdd ma e a r ) h tted s iln r p o e t e wee ûs rd c t o'her e u se a g s wad t a h icpi ay r c dl s r r ivai ' l Th yc ul as s e a ij n to a ans G o pe t ee o c me to ivai n l ' d. e o d lo e k n nu cin g i tl s ci nf re n f n l d. pr v d pr s r gul tons ... I ne t rc e woul vi t y f t pr s r nec s rl ha m e t i on e a i . n ihe as d c or or he i one s es a iy ve an i m edi t r l as ora s t rpe i ofi ar e a i t prs r a t ke onl t w r m a e ee e hor e r od nc c r ton; he i one s tac d y he ong p o e u e , o . .hewr n rs l. l a 8 (nen l iai n a dq oainso te ) r c d rs n t . t o g e ut' d. t 0 i tr a ctto s n u tto mitd . ' Ne , n He k v. xt i c Hum phr v,( heCour c i r adif r nt butr aed,c r umsa e.' e ç t t onsde ed fe e , elt ic tnc ' 1 I He k,asaeprs rs d saeofiil f dn d. n c tt ione ue tt fcas or mage underj 1 cli ngt tt yhad s 983 ami ha he ca e hi c ci by i opel i siai hi ci a detoyi e de e.J= Cii us d s onviton mpr ry nvetg tng s rme nd sr ng vi nc #. tng ç t hoa y pr nc pl t tc vi t ta tons a e nota pr pr a e ve c e f r c l ng ng t t he r i i e ha i l or c i ç r p o i t hi l s o hale i he 5 vai i o o ttn i gci na j g n s' i. q oigHe k, 2U.. t4 6 ,h Co r h l ldt f u sa d n rmi lud me t,'d ( u tn c 51 S a 8 ) te u t ed y ' l ha whe e t s a i hi t bas s f t da a s c ai nec s arl de onsr t t i ldiy t t r e t bls ng he i or he m ge l m t e s iy m t a es he nva i t oft co cin, ...aj1 a tonwilno leE e s...hec ci ors ntnc has he nvito ' 983 ci l t i unls t onviton e e e ar dybe n i ldae ''l (uoi He k,51 U. a 481 2,87 .Con rey,S r t lea e nvai td.' d. q tng c 2 S. t -8 ) ves l ç e he whe j1 a ton,e ni s c su, lno de 983 ci ve f uc esf lwil t monsrt t i ldiyofa outtndi ci na tae he nvai t ny sa ng rmi l j g n . . tea to s o l bealwe t p o e d' l (n en lq oai n o te ) ud me t . ,h cin h u d lo d o r c e . d.itr a u tto s mi d . ' t Fi ly,tnEdwar v.Baio ( U. 641( 9971 t Cour rt ne t t prs nal ç i ds ls k, 520 S. 1 ),he t eur d o he ion dici i r pr e e c e oft ki i ha add es e pr vi l i Pr s ra W olf' s plna y oc dur ont xt he nd t d r s d e ousy n eie nd f. ' W iki on,544 U. a 8 I Edwar , heprs rK ough < de l r ton t tt pr e e l ns S. t 0. n ds t ione d s t a c a a i ha he oc dur s e ly db saeo fcasgod p iehm o g o -i ce is v oae d ep o e s . . mpo e y tt fiil t e rv i f o d tme r dt) i ltd u r c s , . d ma e f ru eo t u c nsi to a pr c d r s (n ja ij n t nt p e e tf tr a g s o s f he n o tt in l o e u e , a d n nu ci o rv n uu e u o vi ai .' J ( i Edwads 520U. a 643) Theco ta idHec a c l d oltons'' - quotng 4a r , S. t . ur pple k nd oncude t td be wast s evehi ef t i ae' c tt i na c le i of ra t prs r ha t as ha he ol cl or he nm t s onsiuto l ha lnge ns a s he ione s htde a a o y r le a m one dn age , be a e t prs r s pr nc palc a m t tt oug cl r t r e i f nd y m s' c us he i one ' i i l i ha he ' de s on m a rwasbi e i e t bls d, oul iç e s rl i pl t i ldiy oft ci i ke as d, f s a i he w d tnec s a iy m y he nva i t he de i to ofgheprs rs good-i cedis''L-a 80 1(uoi Edwads 5 U. a prvain t ione 'l tme r t.' ds t -8 q tng u r , 20 S. t 6 .l ed,çhenat eoft c le t t pr e esco dbes a ne esaiyt 46) nde ç t ur he halnge o he oc dur ul uch s c s rl o i l t iv ldt o tej d me t' Ed r s 5 0U. a 6 5(mp a i a d d . mpy he n aiiy f h u g n . wa d , 2 S. t 4 e h ss d e ) ' Ac or ngt t Cour Pr s r W olf He k, nd Edwa ds t ken t t ri c t t t c di o he q eie , f, c a r ,a oge he ndia e ha , a e prorivai ton,asaeprs ne' j 1 3acini bare - nomatrt r le s ug bs nt i n ldai tt io rs 98 to s rd te he eif o ht ( ma ore tbl r i a nomatrt tr toft prs rss t(tt c da ges quia e eleg nd te he age he ione ' ui sae onduc la ng t e di t c di ori enalprs pr edi l i s ce si t ta tonwoul nec s aiy o onvi on ntr ion oce ngs- f uc s n ha ci d e s rl de ons r t t i ldiy ofc i m e orisdur ton. W ih t l s ofPr s r W olf m t a e he nva i t ontne nt t ai t he es ons ei e , f , 6 Hec a Edwa dsi m i t sc tnow t nst Vi sc am s ki da a sf t k, nd r n nd, hi our ur o a' l i ee ng m ge or he vi ai o hi rg t pr e a duepr e s ol ton f s i ht o oc dur l oc s . I ti c s , ud me ti fv ro Vi wo l ne e srl i l t iv l iyo hs n h s a e aj g n n a o f a u d c saiy mpy he n ai t f i d c ci f incii t ro orrotng'a hema notpr e unde j 1 unls hec n onviton ort tng o it i i ' nd i y oc ed r 983 e s a de ons r t t tt convi i ha pr vi l be i lda e by s c s u a a ,e c i m t a e ha he cton s e ousy en nva i t d uc es f l ppe l xe utve e xpunge nt orby ha sc puspr e ng. Se He k,51 U. a 487.Vi a g t thei me , bea or oce di e c 2 S. t a r ues ha s notrquesi rsorton ofhi good-i ce t tndt a i idi ldai ofhi e tng et ai s tme rdis a hus n mple nvai ton s c ci ,buti i tadmeel s eki da ge f vi ai ofpr edurld pr e s onviton) s nse r y e ng ma s or oltons oc a ue oc s : ç antf ha s t i if s oughtnorle ast hi goodtmeg)hei s e ngda gesf t vi ai ofhi pl eif o s i , s e ki ma or he olton s consiutona rg s' ( pl t M ot Summ.J 4-5, no. ) tt i l iht. Re y o . ' . ECF 36. I i i dt'et tasaeprs ne ma r ove a l s nomi lda gesunde j 1 3 t s ndee l ha tt io r y ec r t eat u na ma r 98 i hepr st tt pr edi whi h de i d hi ofhi good-i c ediswe evi a i of f ove ha he oce ngs c prve m s tme r t r oltve pr e a due pr es wihouta s pr ng t the w a de i oft e cr disundes r edl oc dur l oc s t l o ovi ha s prved hos e t ev y a a s t n i m a t r Edw a ds 520 U . a 6 s ubs a tve te . r , S. t 45. How e r t he nat e oft c le t t ve , t t ur he ha l nge o he p o e u e c u db s c a ne e srl t i l t iv ldt o t ej d me t'J=a 6 5 r c d r s o l e u h s c sa i o mpy he n aii f h u g n . #.t 4 y y ' (mpha i adde .Hee, aalege t tatrt i tgai ofierf outa ttle e ss d) r Vi l s ha fe he nvesi tng fc ound bou lre c rci or e tonalof i r 'w r te s a e e si s fce s it n t t m nt n uppor ofV i ,t i tga i of i e G d t m t a he nves i tng f c r t he ha c hange t rs a em e s or ly.' A s a r ul,Vi c a m s Ssgt J E.Gl ve ,A . .Cnm pbe la hei t t nt a l ' es t a l i , ç . . o r D l nd J. .W hie al g f s t tm ony t tt y al kne t be f l e.' A pl ntf who aleg de i D t l ave ale es i ha he l w o as ' ai if l es ce t a bi s i a pr e ng de i ng hi ofgood-i e c e t a Vi hasher i una e t nd a n oce di pr vi m tm r dis s a e s bl o pr ce dunde j1 bec et epariul algai aes ht tt ywoul ne saiy o e r 983 aus hos tc ar le tons r uc ha he d ce srl i l t iv l iyo tej d me t S ei a 6 ( l igta ap io rsû li fr mpy he n ai t f h u g n . e d. t 48 hodn h t rs ne ' ç am o d c de l r t y r le a m one da a s bas d on a l ga i ofde i a bi son t pa t t c a a or e i f nd y m ge , e le tons ce t nd a he r of he 7 d i i m a rt tne s arl i pl t i ldiy oft pu s e i pos i not ec s on ke ha ce s iy m y he nva i t he ni hm nt m ed, s c z eunde j 1 .Vi salgatonsi ybot bi an de eion t patoft e ogniabl r 983) a' le i mpl h as d c t he z hos i ve a woul i esa ihe ne s arl i pl t i ldiy oft de i ton ofhi nvol d nd d, f t bls d, ce s iy m y he nva i t he prva i s good-i ec edis.Vi scli i t r f ebr htwihi t a tofHe a t E or of tm r t a' am s he e or oug t n he mbi ck nd he s e c ha s ' l i t na ur oft e pa tc r a l ga i t tw oul i pl t i va i t ofhi bea . t s he t e hes r i ul le tons ha ' d m y he n ldiy s c ci a a or ngl Vi ca r c rdn gesunde j1983wihoutfrt onviton, nd, cc di y, a nnot e ove ma r t is s ce s uly c le ng t de i i ofhi g uc s f l ha l ngi he prvaton s ood- i e c e t i a ha aspr ee ng. The tm r dis n be oc di c u th rf r g a t s mma yj d me ti fvo o t d f n a t o Vi' p o e u a d e o r te eo e rn s u r u g n n a r fhe ee d n s n a s r c d rl u pr e scl i . oc s a m 1 1 R I U I ,Fi s A m endm e ,and EqualPr ec i C l m s 1 . U PA r t nt ot ton ai A . RLU I Cl i PA a m Vi ne c a m st tt def nt 's tt i ofs pr e n f r hal m e tvi a e a xt l i ha he enda s ubs iuton oy ot i o al a ol t s RLUI PA.Bec us t def nda sha c e t las r titve me nst f rhe ac a e he e nt ve hos n he e t esrc i a o u t r ompeli lng g v rme t nee t tec u t r n sted fn a t' to f rs mmayj g n o Vi' o e n n itr s,h o r g a t h ee d n s moin o u r ud me t n a s RLUI c a m . PA l i 5 5The Comm on Far di i desi e et s gned t pr o eventvi atonsofa br r nge ofr i ousdi a y ol i oad a elgi etr srct es.Accor ngl al s rber t t Com mon Far dit r dl sofr i on- ar pr bied ti ur di y, l ubsc i s o he e e- egar es elgi e ohi t f om pur r chasi cerai iemsf om t prs comm is y wihoutf f tngt renr l enti t ng t n t r he ion s ar t or eii hei olm n he Com mon Fa e dit V i compl nst t becaus t combi i ofmeatand daiy vi aeskos r e. a ai ha , e he naton r olt her dit y r titons,he i notalow ed t pur e Ebeefande ar esrc i s l o chas d - chees s cks'fom t comm is y.V i e na ' r he s ar a cl m st t spolcy vi a esRLUI ,t Fis Am e ent and t EqualPr ec i Cl e. ai hat hi i olt PA he rt ndm , he ot ton aus Thi cl m i ditngui habl fom Vi sJt/z- e cl m and i wholy fi ous.Unlkehal s ai s s i s e r a' lzt/m at ai s l rvol i al m ea ,Vi doesnotcl m t beefandt a ai hat - chees s e nacksar par ofhi r i ouspr i onl t he s d e t s elgi actce, y hat houl be alowed t eatt becaus doi s doesnotvi ae hi r i ousbelef On t sgr l o hem e ng o olt s elgi i s. hi ound t e ca her n be no vi aton ofRLUI t Fis Amendm e ,ort EqualPr ecton Cl e- prsonshave l ol i PA, he r t nt he ot i aus i ong been alowed t pr crbe i at di s s l ast epr c ptonsdo notvi at sat ol or l o es i nm e et , o ong hos es ri i ol e t ut y consiutonall Thi cl m i t ef e entr y wihoutmertand w ilbe addr ed no f t i t s tt i aw. s ai s her or iel t i l ess urher n hi opi on. ni 8 RLUI pr vi t t PA o des ha : N o g r men s l i pos as tnta bu de on t r lgi ove n t ha l m e ubsa il r n he e i ous e r s ofa pe s n r s di i orc i t a i tt i ... ve i t bur n xe ci e r o e i ng n onfned o n nsiuton e n f he de r s t f om a nze ofge a a i biiy,unl s t go r entde ons r t s e uls r l ner l pplca lt es he ve nm m ta e t ti pos ton oft blr n on t tpe s ha m ii he z de ha r on- ( )i i f t r eofac 1 s n urheanc ompelnggove me a i ers;a li m ntl nt et nd ( i t l s rsrci me nsoff t rngt tc 2) s he eat e titve a urhei ha ompeli lng governm ent i eres al nt t. 42U. C.j2000c 1a.RLUI inc ports'heFis Ame S. c-( ) PA s or ae 't rt ndmentsFr Execie i ' ee r s Clus i t ti i udest s t nta bur nt tus d i t e c tt i li resa a e n ha t ncl he ubsa il de es e n hos onsiutona nquii nd t xpr s y r f st t Fr Exer i e Cl us i a l a i isbur n ofpr . Love ac v. , s es l e er o he ee e c s a e n loc tng t de oof' ' l e Lee 472F.d 17 1 -99& n. ( h Ci.2006) Thepli ifbe r t i talbur nofs ng 3 4, 98 8 4t r . antf as he nii de howi t the s e t e ge i a e r s ofr lgi a t tt cha l nged pr c i s t nta l ha e ks o nga n n xe cie e i on nd ha he le a tce ubsa i ly bur nst te r s j2000c - b) Lovea e, F. a185 7.Oncet pl nifhas de ha xecie. c2( ; lc 472 3d t -8 he aitf esa ihe aprmaf c ec e, he de e nt be rt btr n ofpe s son on whe he t tbls d i a i as t f nda s a he lde r ua i t r he chal nge pr c i i t l s r titvemea off rhe i a c le d a tce s he ea t esrc i ns ' t rng ompeli gove nm e a u lng r ntl i e e t 1 at1 Fort pur e ofRLU I ,a s t nta bur on r lgi e r i e nt r s . d. 86. he pos s PA ubs a i l den e i ous xe c s oc ur whe asa eorl a gove nmentt ss t nta pr s eon an a r t m odiyhi c s n tt oc l r d put ubsa i l es ur dhe ent o f s be vira t vi aehi belef. l a 18 ( i Tho v. viw Bd. l Emp' ha o nd o olt s i s' d. t 7 quotng mas Re e ' of nd. t Se . v, 5 U. 7 7 71 ( 9 :.l e n nn t i q e to ac u t t tatmp t c Di.4 0 S. 0 , 8 1 81 n x miig h s u sin, o r mus no te t o j dg t esg iia c o t eb h viro b l ft t ep io e ' rlgo I . t1 7n. ( u t g u e h infc n e f h e a o r ei o h rs n rs eiin. d a 8 2 q oi e n Cu trv W ikn o , 4 U. 7 9 7 3( 0 5) I fc,ç erlgo p a tc d e n t a et te . l is n 5 4 S. 0 , 2 2 0 ). n a t çh eiius r cie o s o h v o t bem a t byt r lgi i o de f t bur n t bef ndaed he ei on n r r or he de o ound (ubsa il'a t t xtoft s t nta , s he e he RLUI ma scea . ksElv. e ng, 2Fe App' 245,247(t Ci.2007)( tng j PA ke l r' 'Par - Flmi 21 d. x 4h r cii 2000c 5()A). c- 7 ( ) Vi cli st thi dit r lwsr quiehi t de thal m e tda l ' RLUI a am ha s e a y a e r m o ta al a iy.' PA, ho e r m a i c e rt ta pa tc a r lgi p a tc nee notbe m a t d by a r lgi i w ve , kes t l a ha r i ul r e i ous r c i e d nda e e i on n or rf t cour t f nd t ta pr s polc s t nta l bur ns r lgi uspr t c l a 247. de or he t o i ha i on i y ubs a i ly de e i o ac i e. d. t The c tt r f r as umeswihoutde i ngt tt de e our he e o e s t c di ha he f ndan sha s t nta l bt de d t ve ubsa ily l ne r V i sr lgi pr c i e. Buts e M a i v.Sa e ,C. . o. 06- 9-0 1 , a' e i ous a tc e lk br e A N 8: 31 1 - 2007 W L 781 1 640,a t * ( S. M a .1 2007)( di t taprs nersr i ouspr tc wasnots t taly 4 D. C. r 3, hol ng ha io ' elgi acie ubsani l bur dbyal kofhal me t.As umi t n,ha Vi' r ii pr cieha be n dene ac al a) s ng,he t t as elgous a tc s e s t nta l bur ne t def ndan s m us s w t tt polc i que ton i t l as ubs a i ly de d, he e t t ho ha he i y n s i s he e t r s rc i m ea off t i a c peli g e t i tve ns urherng om lng over e i e e t They ha s n a m uc nm nt nt r s . ve how s h. VDOC s e d $19 p rd yt f e a i mae ( f .Br S p M o . t J At c p n s .0 e a o e d n n t. De s' . u p. t Sl mm. . t h. a 2, 6,ECFNo. ) Pr di t CommonFaediti ras t c tpe i t byffy ! 25. ovi ng he r e nce es he os r nmae it p re tt $ .5.( ei. 5) W h n h a me t sicu e i t ed e, siwa u tl ec n ,o 28 Se d ! . e all a i n ld d n h ita t s ni De e r2 0 ,h c s mo eta tils t a a ea eo $ 0 p rd y.( e Lz!5. c mbe 0 7 t e o t r h n rp e ,o n v r g f 6.0 e a S e l. ) VDOC' a oa h t ma gi t c toft prs f s y ha be n t s nd l sont S ppr c o na ng he os he ion ood uppl s e o pe es he m os e ns ve f t xpe i oods w hie s ilhono i nut ii la r i ousr quiem e s By s tt i l tl rng rtona nd elgi e r nt . ubs iutng a pr t i t ti i f ns ve t a br r nge ofr lgi ns V DO C i a e t ke p f cos sa a o e n ha s nof e i o oad a ei o , s bl o e ood t t s t i e l ve . us a nabl e l V i ofe sno alem a i t t sa oa eiheri hi co pl ntor i hi r s a fr t tves o hi ppr ch, t n s m ai n s e pons t eo ted fn a tsmo inf rs mma yj d me t Hecamso l t a t oa pelt c u t a e e h ee d n ' to o u r u g n . li ny h t t p lae o r h s v r n f ound(ha t govenme ' i ers i t or ryad nitai ofisprs ditr s tm i t t he r nts nt et n he del mi srton t ion eay yse s ac l ompelngi e et''( li ntr s.' Complc.2,7. ( i Koce v. van,523F. 789,800(t Ci. . l ) quotng r Br 3d 7h r 2008 Thei ers he e, ve ,i nott a nitain ofaditr pr r m,ti t :. nt e t r howe r s he dmi srto eay og a i s he ma nage e ofc t N um er c t ha r c m nt os . ous our s ve e ogni e prs c tco r a a c pe lng z d i on os - nt ol s om li 10 i ee t Se .e. , t v.Oz nt 578F. 246,252( hCi.2009)(TO me isbur nt ntrs. e M.smih mi , 3d 4t r ç ett de o s o ac mp lngit rs,he(rs ns se s çis j b' stotk t eun e r bese o h w o el ne et t p io y tm'l frt o i t a e h rmaka l tp f i pr di a e a ton f t polc s r s r c i t tt kesi t a ot ta i tt i l ovi ng n xpl na i or he i y' e ti tons ha a n o cc m ny ns iutona ne d . .t c r c t.')( i Lovea e, 2F. a 1 ;Lovelce 472F. a 1 e . o ontol oss'' quotng lc 47 3d t 90) a , 3d t 90 ( tngt tt prs mus pr vi Ea e a to frt polc srsrci t ttkesi o noi ha he ion t o de in xplnain o he iy' e titons ha a nt ac c ounta i tt i lne d t m ai ai good or r s c iy,a di ci i ort c t olc t ' ny ns iutona e o nt n de , e urt nd s plne o on r os s' a t tt te a ton,whe i c s wilbeafo de d de ee ' ;Baa ws v. t nd ha he dxplnai n t ome , l fr d ue f rnce' rno ki Har, l 486F.d 11 1 ( hCi. )(ttngt taprs polc r ae t c r lngprs c t 3 2, 25 5t r2007 sai ha ion iy eltd o ontoli ion oss i ve ac nvol s ompeli gove n ntlitr t;Muhn dv.Sa 388Fed.App' 89 8 lng r me a nees) mma pp, x 2, 96 ( 1h Ci. 01 )(Th ( io s se s b t dafd vt etb ihn t t t p lc o 1 t r 2 0 6 e prs n y tml u mit fia is sa ls ig ha is oiy f 1 e pr di at m a i e r mea sa ve n mea swa t l s r titvem e nsoff t rng ovi ng le tve ntee l nd ga l s he ea t esrc i a urhe i isc t ompeli g nmenali ees i c tc anme .).M orovert sco ti rquiedt lng over t ntr t n os onti nt' e ,hi ur s e r o gi de er nc t t e ana i pr ve f e e o he xpl tons opounde by t def nda s Se Lovel ce 472 F. a 1 d he e nt . e a , 3d t 82 (( econfr e 6 W im mphai lyt ta s tntvee a tonofee byt prs n mus be tcal ha ny ubsa i xplnai frd he io t ve dwi d d fr n e ) iwe t ue ee e c . . h Acc di y, he cour t ndst tt de e nt ha de ons r t d t tt s tt i or ngl t ti ha he f nda s ve m ta e ha he ubs iuton ofs pr t i f hal m e ti t l as r s rc i m e ns off t r ng t c pe lng oy o e n or al a s he e t e t i tve a urhe i he om li gove n e i e es of c r lng pr s c t . The c t he ef e gr nt t de e nt ' r m nt nt r t ont oli i on os s our t r or a s he f nda s moinf rs to o umma yj d me t nVi ' RLUI cam. r u g n o as PA li 6V i al cl mst t de endant a e i vi a i ofa cour or by Judge J on K ier U . a so ai hat he f s r n olton t der acks s , S. DititJ src udge f t W eser Dit i ofVigi a. Theor ,isued i 1 ,comm andsVDOC t make or he t n s rct r ni der s n 991 o varousc i hangest ism enu t accom m oda em e ber oft I ami f t The or i l gel ot o t m s he sl c aih. der s ar y conc ned w ih r ovi por pr er t em ng k oduct fom t ditofl l c adher s. l alo lssa r s r he e sami ent t s it ange off oods t ar i f i t t l l i f t N owher i t or rdoesJ hat e nofensve o he sam c aih. e n he de udgeK i mandae oreven m e i ser t nton hal meat al . B . Fis A m e rt ndm e Cl i nt a m V i ne cl i st tt s tt i ofs pr t i f r hal m e tvi a eshi Fi s a xt a m ha he ubs iuton oy o e n o al a ol t s r t A m e m e r g t t f ee e r i e ofr lgi By m uc t s e r as ng a a nd nt i ht o he r xe c s e i on. h he am e oni s bove t , he c u t rn sted fn n s moin frs mmayj d me to Vi' Fis Ame d n cam. o r g a t h ee da t' to o u r u g n n a s rt n me t li W hie i i tuet tRLUI ma t açt or s a c ng sa r ofr vi w offe l t s r ha PA ndaes tm e e r hi t nda d' e e re e riebtrenst nt sa r usdi parle co tt i lcai ,'i a 1 çunde xecs zd ha he tndad e n all nsiutona l ms' d. t 86,t r l bot sa r )aprs rhasallal esa ihed...ihtt aditc it twihhi ... h tnda ds ione ce ry tbls rg o e onssen t s rlgi sr pls''i a 1 -99(li e i orgi )( tngFor v. cGimi,352F. ei ous c u e ,' d. t 98 elps s n i nal quoi d M r s 3d 58 597( Ci. 2, 2nd r 2003).TheFis Ame me ,lkeRLUI r quiesas ngof ) rt nd nt i PA e r howi s t nta bur n, ,t i RLUI al t taprs rsfe e r s rg sma be ubsa i l de but mlke PA, lows ha ione ' r e- xe cie i ht y r tit t t e e t tprs n polc i d e ona y a pt t a e ng al gii ae esrced o he xtnt ha i o iy s t as bl da ed o chivi r e tm t pe oo ia o jci . I . t 0(uoigYo n v Co h i,8 6F.d5 , 7 ( n Ci. n lgc l be t ' d a 20 q tn u c . uc ln 6 2 67 5 0 2 d r ve ' 1 989:.Th ,heFis Amendme af dsl sp oe tont a i e' feee cs rg s us t rt nt for es r tci o n nmat s r -xerie iht t n d RLU I be aus t Fi s Am e e a ha oes PA c e he r t ndm nt dopt a l s srnge s a r ofr vi w t s e s ti nt t nda d e e hmz t tus i RLUI cl ms r s bl s i t dofsrcts r i I ( i Madionv. ha ed n PA ai :ea ona ene s nsea ti cutny. d. quotng s lie, 5 F.d 31 , 4 5n 1( t Ci. 0 3 ktr 3 5 3 0 31 -1 . 4h r 2 0 :. N et rVi sc ihe a' ompli norhi r pons i opposton t t de e nt 'm o i f a nt s es e n ii o he f nda s ton or s mmayj d me to fr as r do e ie c o a g me tt theFis Ame d n sa d r u r u g n fe s h e f v d n e r r u n ha t rt n me t tn ad hasbe vi a e l f t Vi m e e y m e i a Fis Am e en vi a i w hie f a i hi en ol t d. n ac , a r l ntons r t ndm t ol ton l r m ng s c mpan amo te tr l i tr o RLUI M o e v r a dj t si h sd t e tRLUI A o lit l s n iey n ems f PA. ro e , n us a n i ekin P cl i ,he hasf ie t of e anyt ng i oppos to t t def nda s a tdavisr r ng t am a ld o f r hi n ii n o he e nt ' fi t ega di he ne d f M us i s t ea hal m e tort c tt s y hal m e ta pa toft Co m on Fa e e or lm o t al a he os o uppl al a s r he m r di t Eve i t c ta s l est tt de e n sha i pos a s t ntalbur n on Vi s e. n f he our s lm ha he f nda t ve m ed ubs a i de a' r lgi pr ci e, hedef nda sha e f c i l de e i ous a tc t e nt ve fe tvey monsr t d t tt ha c e a ta e ha hey ve hos n r a o a eme n o f rheigalgtmaep n lg c l b e tv .Ac o dngy tec u t r ns e s n bl a s f u t rn e i t e oo ia o j cie c r i l ,h o r g a t i t d fn a t' to f rs mmayj d me to Vi' FrtAme d n dam. he ee d ns moin o u r u g n n as is n me t i C . EqualPr t c i Cl m o e ton ai Fi ly,Vi ca mst t s tt i ofs y pr en f hal m e tvi aest na l a li hat he ubsiuton o ot i or al a ol t he Fouree h A m e m e r ghtt e t nt nd nt i o qualpr e ton oft l .Thi c ai a s f l . Be a e V i ot c i he aw s l m l o ais c us a ha no s wn t the i bengte t d dif r ntyt n a sm ia l st t i ae o t ta s t ho ha s i r a e fe e l ha i l ry iuaed nm t r ha ny ds rmiainwa p r s f lt ec u t rn sted fn a t' to frs mmayj dg n o ici n to s u po eu, h o r g a t h ee d n s mo in o u r u me t n V i s e lpr t c i cl m . a' qua o e ton ai l or rt s a e a c a m f a vi a i oft EqualPr t c i n Cl us a pl ntf m us n de o t t l i or ol ton he o e t o a e, ai i f t de onsrt t thehasbe teaed dif r ty fom ot rsmia l st t d pa tesa t tt m tae ha en r t fe en l r he i lry iua e ri nd ha he di pa a e t e t e w asa pr s r t r a m nt oduc ofpur e uldi c i i ton.M or i on v. a r ht 239 F. t pos f s rm na i rs G r ag y, 3d 648,65 ( h Ci.2001 (ii CiyofClbur v. e neLi ngCt.l ,473U. 43 440 4 4t r ) ctng t e ne Clbur vi r. nc. S. 2, ( 985) Onl oncet ss ngi ma s dac tpr e t deenni whehe t 1 ). y hi howi s de houl our oce d o t ne t r he ds rt te t nt a b j siidu d rterq iielv l fs r tn I Fu te , e e a ipaae rame c n e u tfe n e h e u st e e o c ui y. d. rh r F d r l Rueo Ci l o e u e5 ()ma ae e tyo s mmayj d me t g i tap rywh t p n l f viPr c d r 6 c nd ts n r f u r u g n a ans a t o t o u moton ...f ist m a as i al o ke howi s fcintt e t bls t e se ofa ee e es e i lt ng ufi e o sa ih he xit nce n lm nt s nta o t tpa t sc e,a on w hi h t tpa t w ilbea t bur n ofpr a t i .' Cel t x v. ha ry' as nd c ha r y l r he de oof t ral' oe Cart.477U. 31 322( 98 ;s aloW iln v. ns n326F. 569,584( hCi. tet S. 7, 1 6) ee s lims Ha e 3d 4t r 2003)(t ho h avai cam f avi ai ofe lpr tci nee notalgedici nai tr ug ld li or olton qua oe ton d le sxmi ton ast def nda ' s em o i i m us a l et r quiiedic i naor i e wih m o et n he e nts ol tve, t t leg he e st s rmi t y nt nt t r ha meec us r a sri .) r oncl oy se tons' . ' Vi hasc plt y f iedt s a om e el a l o how eihe t thei bei te t difr nty fom ot r t r ha s ng r aed fe e l r he sm iary st t d i a e ort ta di c i nai n wa pu pos ul Ac di y, se ua i l l iua e nm t s ha ny s rmi to s r ef . cor ngl hi q l p o e to cam c n o s l v t d fnd ns moi nfrs mmayj g nt r tcin li a n t uvie he ee a t' to o u r ud me . IV .Concl on usi Fort f e ng r a ons t c tgr nt t de e nt 'm oton f s m a y he or goi e s , he our a s he f nda s i or um r ' J udgm e . nt ENTER:Thi 9t dayofNovembe , 1. s h r 201 >-r UN I TED STA TES D I STRI J GE CT UD
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