Andrews v. Staples The Office Superstore East, Inc., No. 7:2011cv00037 - Document 26 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 7/1/13. (med)
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A ERK' A / O N .: + Tc < S oi tA U . . ou TRcE OKE,V . A FI LED I TH E U NI N TED STA TES D I STR I C O U RT CT FO R TH E W ESTER N D I STR I O F VI G I I CT R N A R oanoke D i si vi on J 21 2 1 UL 93 JUL 1 D ny' .l h ; , , cLERK DE U dL M AR G A RE T A . N DR EW S, A CA SE N O . 11 V00037 7: C Pl ntf , ai if M EM O M N D UM O PI I N N O VS. STA PLES TH E O FFI SU PER STO R E CE EA ST,I C . N , By:Jam es C .Turk Seni Unied St es Di t ctJudge or t at s ri D efendant . Pli tf M ag rt An An rws (An r ws' fld t i a to a ans he f r r anif r ae n d e s d e ' ie hs cin g i t r o me t ) e o e , fnd n Sa lst eOfieSu eso eEa t I c (ûtp e ',a s rig an mbe o mply r Dee a t tp e h fc p rt r s, n . û a ls' se t S ) n u rf e ly n-eae cams t wi:()ah siewok e vio me tcam u d rTil Vl o te mpo me trltd li ,o t 1 o tl r n r n n li n e te I f h Ci lRi sAc of 1 4,a a nde 42 U. C.j 2000 basd on he s a ii fom t vi ght t 96 s me d, S. e, e r ex, rsng r he c n u to amaec wo k rt a s ecamswa n t e d e a trs ec mpli da o ti; ( ) o d c f l o- r e h t h li s o r me id fe h o ane b u tl 2 a hosiewor e r e cai ba e on he r i o Cl si t a ii fo a i i nti tl k nvionm nt l m s d r elgi n, ui taniy, rsng r m n ncde n whih s e rppe o a page fom her Bi e a t t Bi e a a he i whih c om one i d ut r bl nd ook he bl, nd not r n c s one c tt c d t t r di on whih s s tme lse t Clrsin musc;()a ome u he or o he a o c he omei s itned o tita i 3 cam f ritn in lifito o e to a d sr s u e Vigni lw;a d ( )a cam t a li o ne to a n lcin f moi n l ite s nd r r i a a n 4 li h t St pl s r t la e a i the whe s r pored t ale ha a s nt by r i he wo k a e e a it d gans r n he e t he lged r s me educng r r hour ,i vi l ton ofTil Vl. s n oai te I Andrews v. Staples The Office Superstore East, Inc. Pe dn beo eteCo r i Dee a tStp e ' moinf rs mma' j dg n . No. n ig f r h u ts fnd n a lss to o u l u me tECF y Doc. 26 1 .S a lsc ne d t ti i e tte t j d me ta a ma tro lw a t alo An rwss 6 tpe o tn s ha t s n ild o u g n s te f a s o l f d e ' 1 A Sdicus ed i mor de ai he ei , t conduc by t mal co- or , Jacob Elas, i uded s s n e t l r n he t he e w ker i ncl r t d i dent whe e he changed i o hi wor unior i t br k r epea e nci s r nt s k f m n he ea oom oft sor i f ontofhe he t e n r r and ot em pl her oyeesaswel asot rbeha ordiec edt l he vi r t owar hert Andr f d hat ews ound t ea e ng or hr t ni ha as i Se i r a 4r sng. e nfa t 8. Dockets.Justia.com . t isc n iu d t c n ei t eb'a r o ' J- se as De n Af. 3 (x anigt a,i ç a o tn e o ha g n h l k o m. #s e lo a f ! e pli n h t n El e ' ; rs e pons t Andr s s c pl i ,t s or m a ge e t a c e o ew ' om a nt he t e na m nt e m ouns l Ela nott cha i e ed i s o nge n t bra r a ma a he s ce a ia e t hi f c ngi t ma ge ' r ; he e k oom nd de not r pa valbl o m or ha ng, he na rs oom) ECF No.21 Ex.C,W rghtAf.! 5 (xpli ng s ) Acc di t And e ,ho ve,t , i f e ani nme. or ng o r ws we r he m a ge ' r m whe e Ela w a pe m it d t c nge had a gl s w i na r s oo r i s s r te o ha as ndow i i. On n t a o m a e y t ee oc as o ,s w a ke up t t doora c d s Ela i hi boxe s t ppr xi t l hr c i ns he l d o he nd oul ee i s n s r hors t o h t wi hr ug he ndow.ECF N o. , B a 3; A a 2. 21 Ex. t Ex. t Stri i ea l J y,t r wasa pe i ofm o hs whe e Andr wsdi nots e Elasa a tng n ry ul he e rod nt r e d e i t a l a di no obs r hi e ngi cot s l, nd d t e ve m ha ng l he .ECF No. ,Ex. a 2;Ex. a 3. n,a s 21 A t B t The t ome p itte ma a e ' r o wa t o v re it a tc r o t tx c mp trsa d t ( l) on h n g rs o m s t n e td n o e h o m o i o u e s n he mae c e oyeewor ng t r ...yel a Elasa t d hi he c d no c ng t r a s d mpl ki he e led t i nd ol m oul t ha e he e nd houl c ngei t bahr m.'ECF No.21 Ex.C,W rghtAf. 5. t tpoi ,whihwa lkel i ha n he t oo ' , i f! At ha nt c s i y n l t Se e be o e r y Oc obe , i a r n l bega c ng ng i t br a r a e pt m r r a l t r Elas ppa e ty n ha i n he e k oom aga n. i Theonl tndls)tmeAndrwsobs ve Ela c ngi cohesi t bra r m wa y a at i e er d is ha ng lt n he e k oo s on Oct r 1 2009.On t t da e,A ndr w s was l vi wor a w a he di t t l unge a obe , ha t e ea ng k nd s a ng o he o s a he e pl ,J m e Cha l wa sa ng be we n t hal a t br a r m .Cha l not r m oyee a s nnel, s t ndi t e he l nd he e k oo nnel lo e a h ra s ewa h a i it telu g a d si ,t , o d y u'ej ti tmef rte o k d t e s h s e dng n o h o n e n ad < g o , o r us n i o h Oh pa s s w . And e De 37 38.As Andr ws wal d t t r fi r t ,s t ned a o nt ho ' ' r ws p. e ke o he e rge aor he ur r und a s i ç ha ?'a t n s w J e tki hi cot of .Ac or ng t Andr ,bo h nd ad ; t ' nd he a a ob a ng s l hes f o di o W ews t Cha l a Elas s a t l ug ng a s r n outof t l m ge c yi She a r nty l f t nne l nd i t red a hi nd he a he ol r ng. ppa e l e 4 he sore i m edi el w ihoutt lng a m anager w hat had happened,and w as s tups ' t she t m at y, t eli o t et' hat s is eportaboutt s behavi t hi or o S d t go sr i htt t docor .'J at40.She al o m ade her fr tr û o ha ta g o he t s'J -. . St pl ' H um a Res c de rm e t t da pr vi l ha ng c pl i d onl t s o e a es n our es pa t nt ha y, e ous y vi om a ne y o tr m anagem ent . She a s t d herhus nd wha ha ha ned. M r Andr w s w as u eta w e t t l o ol ba t d ppe . e ps nd nt o he sor t t k w ih Ela s t e o al t i s oon a t r A nd e s ha l f t go t t doc or s ofi .At s e poi fe rw d eto o he t ' tce om nt dtrng hi vi i,e t r M r A ndr w s or t s o e m a ge ca l t polc A c or ng t Dea li s st ihe . e he t r na r led he i e. c di o n, M r A ndr w s a rved a t s o e a w a e t s a w ih Ela ,a a s i or ed D e n t the . e ri t he t r nd nt d o pe k t i s nd l o nf m a ha woul bec li t Roa d alng he nokeCount Polc a posi ec r s( t ri c nte tr y ie bout sbl hage whehe nde e xposle ors xua ha a s nt.SeeECF No.1 Ex.A t Ex.2,Dea Sttme . polc we ec l e l r sme ) 8, o n ae nt The ie r aled, at lhough t r i a di put ove whe he Dea ca l t m , as a s e r o w he he M r he e s s e r t r n led he af gua d, r t r . And e s di The polc i e vi w ed bot M r Andr w s a Ela and no c r w e e e rw d. i e nt r e h . e nd i s ha ges r ver br htag ns a neasar ul oft i de .Seej a oug ai t nyo es t he nci nt . l W ih r ga d t a1 oft cl hesc ng ng i de s i i worh e m i ng i s t e r o l he ot - ha i nci nt, t s t xa ni n ome de al ti te mn ne i whih t e t o p a e S e i c l t e s mmay j d me trc r ,icu i h n r n c h y o k lc . p ct al h u r u g n e o d n ldng i y, Andr w s s de ii t s i o e ' pos ton e tm ny, r fe s t t dif r nt e pl es wer pr s nt dlrng t e l ct ha f e e m oye e ee z i he dif r t c o he - ha i i i en s a t t Ela c ng d cl t i f on of bo h m a e a f e en l t s c ng ng nc d t , nd ha i s ha e o hes n r t t l nd f m a e e pl s Elasal o co i t nty ofe e t e a ton t the di notw a t c nge e l m oyee . i s ns se l f r d he xpl na i ha d nt o ha i t r toom be us i was t d ry,a r s unr l t d t ge n he esr ca e t oo i t ea on e a e o nder Se A ndr w s D e 3 . e e p. 4. Andr ews a it t tEla wasnotna d a a poi durng t c ot - ha i butw oul dm ted ha i s ke t ny nt i he l hes c ng ng, d srp down t hi boxe s t.ECF No.21 Ex.B,AndrwsSttme a 2 (ee ng t Ela ti o s r hors , e ae nt t rfni o is srppi downt hi û r ''ECFNo.21 Ex.C,W rgh Af. 4 ( s rbi Ela c ngi ti ng o s d s', boxe l , i t f ! de ci ng is ha ng do t hi S rs t'.Theei no e de et tEla ma a co nt,saeme s or wn o s t boxe hors' ) r s vi nc ha is de ny mme s tt nt, gesur s of a s xualna ur or ot r s - a a y tm e w hie cha ng,nor di he wal a ou t ee t e he wi e t n i l ngi d k r nd i a st e of undr n at ess. See A ndr s D ep. 39- A ddii l Andr s t tfed t Elas ew 40. tonaly, ew es ii hat i c nge clt r ai l quikl AndrwsDe 3 3 40(epo ngt q si a how ha d ohes eltvey c y. e p. 4, 9, r s ndi o uetons bout l Ela wasundr s e be or heputhi St pl t f m on,Andr wssa i ' ong is esd f e s a es mior e t tng ' Howe rl ve ong itkess t a omebodyt putt i cl he on.'. o her ot s ' ) A fe t O c o r 1 2009 cl hes c ng ng i de a And e s s r por t H um a t r he t be , ot - ha i nci nt nd rw ' e t o n Res zc , Tr c y W ila s f o t St pl ' Hum a Re o c s D e rm ent s olr es a e li m r m he a es s n s ur e pa t poke w ih t Andr w s di e ty. A fe i s i tng, W ila s a s d s or m a gem e t i s Elas a e r cl t r nve tga i li m dvi e t e na nt o s ue i wr te co m s i c er ng cha ng i t br k r ,w hi w a done.ECF N o.18,Ex.2, it n t elng onc ni ngi n he ea oom ch s De n Af.!5.i a Ex. W ila Af. 1 1 Afe t tc ms lngwa is d,heewee a f , d. t 3, lims f !! 3- 5. tr ha ot ei s sue t r r no f rhe i i t of Ela c ngi c ot s i t br k r u t r nc den s i s ha ng l he n he ea oom or e s w her w he e And e s le e r rw c d obs r hi .Andr wsalo a knowldged t tmana me ma s m e a tmpt t ke p oul e ve m e s c e ha ge nt de o te s o e he a Elas a r i Oc obe a N o m be 2009, a r ng ng t i s he e s t tt y di r nd i pa t n t r nd ve r by r a i he r c dul s o ha he d no ove l p.A ndr w s De 76.Som e i e ,ho e r he w o d c e i e ry anyw a a s t ra e p. tm s w ve , ul om n a l y, nd he woul s hi J d ee m.. Z A t he de ii M dr w s t tfe t t her a l ga i of s xua ha as m e wer r poston, e es ii d ha le tons e l r s nt e ' xcusvel r aedt hi undrsi a c ngi cot i fo ofg rl'And e De 51. t l i y elt o s e sng nd ha ng l hes n r nt he ,' r ws p. e She m e i ntoned a tona be vi r by Ela t t bo he e her how e r a a r nty now ddii l ha o i s ha t r d , ve , nd ppa e l c e t the hos ie w or e r nm e c ai i l est sad to lbe vi .Spe i a l ont nds ha r tl k nvi o nt l m nc ud hi dii na ha or c fc ly, boh An rwsa d W rg th v prvie a fd vt i c nu cin wi t es mma yj d me t t d e n i h a e o d d fi a is n o j n to t h u r u g n h m o i n t tde c i Elas c i up be nd onl f m a e em pl s a s r a i s t o ha s rbe i om ng hi y e l oyee nd c e m ng udde y i nl n anatmptt fi e t ECFNo. ,Ex.C,W rghtAf. 1 seas AndrwsDe 44te o rghtn hem. 21 i f ! 3; e lo e p. 45. l t i s a e e s bo h w om e ave t t Ela di not do t s t m e 5 A ndr w s a it , n he r t t m nt , t e dm ted n r ha i s d hi o n. how e r t tElasenga d i sm ia i m a ur t s ng-ype be vi wih m a e e pl es as ve , ha i ge n i l r m t e, ea i t ha or t l m oye , 5 A s poi ed outby Def nt endant i is r pl , Andr n t e y ews t s ii at her de ii t t s was e tfed poston ha he unawar of whe her he alo a t ed t f i en any ot empl es mal or f m al t tf ng t I e t s tempt o rght her oye , e e e, esiyi ç don' know i he di i wih ot r peopl 1was i t bac m os oft tm e.'A ndr ws Dep.45;ECF t f d t t he e. n he k t he i ' e No. a 2( tplssr pl b if r frncn t si y) 22 t Sa e ' e y re ee e ig etmon . we l Fore mpl Andr wst tfed t tEla oncehi a m ae c wor r sc i i t c ii l. xa e, e esii ha i s d l o- ke ' har n he e lng oft br k r . ndr w sD e 45- Ot rbe orby Ela die t d a A ndr w s whi h s he ea oom A e p. 47. he havi is r c e t e , c he consnz d as t untng,i l de hi s ng t he t m i s you s m uc 'w he he c m e t t t e a i nc u d m ayi o r i s l o h' n a o he sor o a d hewa of fom wor grz ng orsa i a he a ohe tm e ,a lughi whe t e n ay s fr k, imi trng t r t t r i s nd a ng n s as he ked,t o you ha a pr bl m ? ' r ws D e 49- 9 93. $ D ve o e ' And e p. 50, 2Fi l bot A ndr w s a W r g t tfe t t s m e of t m e i t w or a naly, h e nd i ht esii d ha o he n n he kpl ce (ncl ng Ela )us d f ,c relngua a s a wor fe nty a t tma oft i udi is e oul oas a ge nd we r ds rque l nd ha ny he wo n i t wor a ewe eofe dbyi.ECFNo.21,Ex.C,W rg Af.! 1 ,t.,Ex.D, me n he kplc r fnde t iht f 5. t k And e Af.! 9. Alho h Andrws doe not a r t t s c ane t a r ws f t ug e s ve ha he ompli d o nyone i n ma nage ent a m bout t us of s h l g ge W rgh t s i i d t t s t d Dea i ha A M he e uc ml ua , i t e tfe ha he ol n t t t Andr a ot r wome ha s i t we e ofe d by ghe fe nt us of fula ews nd he n d ad hey r fnde t rque e o nd ofe i lng gebyElasa s ot rmaee oye ja t tma ge nts dputa fnsve a ua i nd ome he l mpl es nd ha na me houl so t i,butt tma e ntdi nohi 'ECF No.21 Ex.C,W rghtAf. 1 tp o t ha nag me d t ng. ' , i f ! 5. C . A le i o R e i ousH ar s e l gatons f lgi as m nt And ews as as e t a hosie wo k e vionme c am ba e on he r lgi She r lo s rs tl r n r nt l i sd r e i on. e anst the c wor r knew s wa a Chrsin be us s wo d s ei e lse t a xpl i ha r o- ke s he s ita ca e he ul om tm s itn o Chr s i r di sato a w or s r ad he Bi e durng br a or l h,a s w o d pr y itan a o t i n t k, he e r bl i e ks unc nd he ul a bef r s a e.A ndr w s D e 53- 4.I he de ii n,Pl ntf t s ii d t tt onl i de s o e he t e p. 5 n r pos to ai i f e tf e ha he y nci nt s pori he r lgi dici nai cam i ve ()a i ienton De mbe 1 2009i up tng r ei ous srmi ton li nvol d: 1 n ncd ce r 6, n whih s c omeonec t c d t he rdi ( whih s s tmeslse d t Chrsin musc ; ut he or o r a o on c he omei itne o ita il a ( a i i ton De e r21 2009,i whih s onetr apag ou ofhe Bi ea nd 2) n ncden c mbe , n c ome oe e t r bl nd t pe i t he des a t n s ol t Bi e.Andr w s D e 5 55,59.Andr a d t o r k, nd he t e he bl e p. 4ews s pe t t ti us c s ha t w asElasw ho com m it bot act ,butshe w as unabl t pr i, i ted h s e o ove t 8 The De embe 1 2009 i i nti ve he r di buta s ot rpr ry ofhe s On c r 6, ncde nvol d r a o, lo he ope t r. t tda e A ndr w s r pored f w o k a di c r d t ti om e ha c up a lt pi t esof ha t , e e t or r nd s ove e ha s s one d ut l he c ur ( r hus nd a t e yea- d da trt tghejke on ( r de k i t wae e.The hej ba nd hre rol ughe ha s pt hej s n he rhous pice weesr a r st de k.Thepes s hadaloc t po rco dst my rdi cD e s r tewn c os he s ront) s ut he we r o a o/ pl yer hea er a des f n, ECF N o. 21 Ex. B. A nd e s St t e a 4. A nd e s w a a , t , nd k a ' ' , , rw a em nt t rw s e r l upsta tcidg r e out'1 Shei dit yrporedt i i n t As itnt xtemey e nd sre hel yes . d. mme ael e t he ncde t o ssa ' M a ge De n a when s a ked i J ob ha c na r a nd he s f ac d ome i t ni htbe or ,De n S n he g f e a ' te t t admitd ha Ja ob ha c c d ome i of t coc t hel a c t r' Shet d De n s woul ha t t ket n f he l k o p usome . ' ol a he d ve o a he day o f a l f . She alo r po t d t i de t Cli ' i St pl s' Hum a Res c s f nd e t s e r e he nci nt o t-na ' n a e n our e depa t e t tm or ng.She eve ua l s rm nt ha ni nt ly poke w ih W ila s w ho t d he t Com pa w a t li m , ol r he ny s s il i tga i t i de .1 A ndr w s t tf e a he de ii n t t w hoe r c m it d tl nves i tng he nci nt d. e esi i d t r pos to ha ve om te t ac ofc tng up he f m iy' pi t e w a s nglng he ou t s ar ,i i i t ,a t r orze he t uti r a l s c ur s s i i r t o c e ntm da e nd e r i her Andr w s D e 8 83.She s i t t s t t c uc t be di e t a he s c t c ly, . e p. 2a d ha he ook he ond t o r c ed t r pe ii a l andnotbec us s wa afmaeo aChrsin.. at83. a e he s e l r ita J Z On D e e be 21 2009, ndr w sr t d t wor a f cm r , A e epore o k nd ound t ts e ha om body ha rpped a d i page f om her Bi e a t pe i t he de k.A ddii l he Bi e w a g r bl nd a d t o r s tonaly, r bl s one a a r nty nd ppa e l hasno be n r co r d.ECF No.21 Ex.B,Andr ws St t me a 5.She a i r po td t t e e ve e , e a e nt t gan e re he i de t De n,whoçre t c l g r down'be us s C ss ki a cyi s ba ' nci nt o a d id o am heq t ' ca e he t ha ng nd r ng o d. wa ' J. Shet d hi s ha t la a got t docor t whih De n a r ty rs .s 4 ol m he d o e ve nd o he t , o c a ppaenl eponde t t d ha heû ss r a t thewoul haet wor a asor whee hewa beng haa s d. J She d ory nd ha wa d t o k t te r s i rs e ' Z ' a s r pore t i i ntt Stpl ' Human Re o ce ho lne a i JJ Andrwst tfe a lo e td he nc de o a ess s ur s ti gan. I . e esiid t . herde ii t t s neve l a ne t r uls of a i s i ton t t St e c uc ed,but poston ha he r e r d he es t ny nve tga i ha apl s ond t s e s c nc d t t i was Elas who c m it d t a t ,poi i o t t he w a t he onl e m onvi e ha t i om t e he c s ntng ut ha si t y 9 e pl m oyee wih a motve'a t the E d t opporuniyr ashe wa i t sor dtrng t t i ' nd ha d ha he t t ' ' s n he t e zi he tm e ea h oft i i nt oc ur e 1 a 4. i c he nc de s c r d. d. t Pl ntf a s t tfe t tElas o e s i t he ,t ai i f l o es ii d ha i nc a d o r t s dn' be ls e ng t t t suf you houl t i t ni o ha t f he e' i r f r nc t t Cl sin r di sai n s wa lse ng t butt ts Cgnor d' hi r r' n e e e e o he ui ta a o t to he s it ni o, ha he ç i e ' m a co ane t no one a utt s c nd mpli d o bo hi omme t J. a 53- Andrwst tfe t t wih t n .-. t 54. ps e esiid ha, t he e pton of t t o r a k by Ela , no r a ks we e e r m ad t he by a St pl xce i ha ne em r is em r r ve e o r ny a es e pl e a m oye bout he r lgi a ut he r a ng he Bi e a w or o a ut he lseni t r e i on, bo r e di r bl t k, r bo r i t ng o Chrs i n m us c a w or l a 58 59. i ta i t k. ds t - l h rsae nss mitd wi h rs mmayj d me to po iin s eas r frn e n e ttme t ub te t e u r u g n p sto , h lo e ee c s h a tonal i i nt t t i ve t de t uc i of he pr pe t a s now c a m s o of ddii nc de s ha nvol d he s r ton r o ry, nd he li ne t m a s i pa tof he r i ous ha as me cai .6 Ecy N o. 21 Ex.D,AndrwsAf.!5. he lo s r r elgi r s nt l m , e f Spec f c ly, a s e poi i A ugus , he Bi e was m i s ng f om he des W ih W r g ' ii a l t om nt n t r bl si r r k. t i ht s a ssa e,s wasabl t fnd t Bi e i ar pl tct t çi a obs tr l a i hi h on t p s it nc he e o i he bl n ed asi o e in n cle oc ton g o ofa c e i t w a ehous ' She s a e t ts wasve y u e a d r e w he i w a m i sng. ag n he r e. ' t t d ha he r ps t nd t i d c n t s si ' ' l !6.Agai s al est ts c anedt Ho r whos saeswa ç s t tc d. n, he leg ha he ompli o wad, he tt s c ympahei not a di not ng. l !7,seas ECFNo.21 Ex. W rghtAf.!9. nd d hi ' d. ' e lo ' , D, i f D . Change i W ork Schedul and A leged R et i i n e l alaton I e ry 2009,be or Ela was e n hied, ndr w s r que t t c nge f om a f ltm e n al f e is ve r A e e s ed o ha r ul-i pos ton t a pa ttm e s hed e,i or r t s nd m or tm e w ih he da t r w hi h H ow a d ii o r-i c ul n de o pe ei t r ugh e , c r a o d.Andrws De 27- At s poi i mi o lt Oco r (fe Andr wsha ppr ve e p. 29. ome nt n d- r ae tbe a tr e d 6The ot i de ,w hi s doescl m washar s e bas on he r i on orgender her nci nt ch he ai as m nt ed r elgi , occ r a ound t end ofJul ore l Augus . She r ur t he des aferbei a ured r he y ary t et ned o r k t ng way f abouta or halfhourw or ng and s eone had dumped s edded pa on herdes and foorand alo on t wal ki om hr per k l s he l co k.S c an dt ç n . . rHo r 'bu a c r ngt An e ,çn ohigwa do . ECF lc he omplie o i Dea . o wad, t c odi o drws ç j t n s ne' ' l ' No. , D, r wsAf. !3- s eas ECF No, ,Ex. W rg Af. 8(ee e i s me 21 Ex. And e f ! 49 e lo 21 C, iht f ! r frncng a i i nt. ncde ) 10 r pe t l c ane a utEla )Andrwst dHowadt the docorr omme dt s e aedy ompli d bo is, e ol r ha r t ec nde hat he no wor a t c t k t he opy c nt r or a t c s r s e a pr duc d a not t t t e f c .7 I e e t he a h egi t r nd o e e o ha f e t n r s ns How a d r duce he w or t 1 ho s pe w e k f o he m or t pi a 25. H e e po e, r e d r k o 5 ur r e r m r e y cl expl ne s woul ha t l ave w o k at 11: a. .i t ad of he us l de rur tm e of 1 ai d he d ve o e r 00 m ns e r ua pa t e i is e e e c dul ppr m t l t r P. . The f r t we k ofherr duc d s he e was a oxi a e y Oc obe 30, 2009.He t d her m 8 ol t t i s c d not r n a ca h r gi t r he woul ne d t end he m or ng s f a 11 00 am ha f he oul u s e se , d e o r ni hi t t : bec us ,a t rt ttm e t s o e w oul be bus a S r ne s d be r ady t c e up a a e f e ha i , he t r d y nd ' m eve houl e o om nd hel out' Andr De 60,83 8 86 88.Andr wsa knowl ed i he de ii n,mor ove , p .' ews p. - 4, e c edg n z posto e r t tç ve yo ' wasr quied t wor on t ca h r git r a pr de ba p a ssa e i t t ha i r ne' e e r o k he s e se s nd ovi cku s itnc n ha ar a w he ne es a y t pr de a s sa e f c t m e s Andr e, n c s r o ovi s i t nc or us o r . ews D e 70.I ed,whe s p. nde n he w a as d why s be i ve t the hour we e r duc f om 25 t 1 hour ,s t s ii d t i s ke he le d ha r s r e ed r o 5 s he e tf e hat t wa tb e a s (h ) c ln' wok te rg se o c p c n e 'An rws De . 8 , 8 . s t q c u e s e oud t r h e itr r o y e tn' d e r p 0 3 Addii ly,And e di notr ca lt li Hu a Re our e t the hour had bee r duce tona l r ws d e l e lng m n s c s ha r s n e d ort ts beleve t r duc i wasr t la or A nd e sD e 1 ha he i d he e ton e a i t y. r w p. 02. E. A ndrew s' D i lt Leave and Separaton from E m pl entat St es s sabiiy i oym apl A ndr w s s htm edi a tea m e f s r s a a e y s wase re i as a r ul e oug c l r t nt or te s nd nxi t he xpe i nc ng es t of t al ge ha as me o s ve a oc sons i udi i ea l J l a i Ocobe .On he le d r s nt n e r l ca i , ncl ng n ry u y nd n t r D e e be 22,2009,s s w Dr D a d K eim a a Le i Gal Clni f C ut s r s or a cm r he a . vi l n t w s e i c or i e t e s s nd ac a e y. Hi not s f om t tvi i i l r f r nce t ha as m e a w or H e co i nxi t ' s e r ha s t nc ude e e e s o r s nt t k. ' ntnued he on r 7Appar l , no s doct s not a enty uch or' e ppear i St es' empl e fl f Andr and one s n apl s oym nt ie or ews has notbee pr ed i di n oduc n scover None hel s Andr was çpr t s e' t s obt ned s a y. t es , ews s et.y ur ' hat he ai uch not and gave i t sor managementi ea y Oct .Andr Dep.67. e to t e n rl ober ews 8I l r o oston t Dee d n ' s mmay j dg n,Pl n iftk s is e wi t e s h due n z pp ii o fn a ts u l u me t aitf a e s u t h c e l e h c ng ,no j ta rt lain, tas - s e ngy ass met eo f iu et a c mmod t he me c l ha e t us s eaito bu lo e mi l- o yp f alr o c o ae r dia c ndiin.ECF No.21a 8 (ç a c mmo to wase ro fr d t h rf t sme c lc ndiin.) o to t ç c o dain No ve fee o e or hi dia o to '. ' The compl nti t scas doesnotass rta el m bas on a diabiiy or f l e t a ai n hi e e ny ai ed s lt aiur o ccomm oda e her t diabiiy,s t Cour consi sherr ton i hour s el ast bassf a r t iton cl m . s lt o he t der educ i n s ol y he i or e ala i ai 11 Pr aca prs rbedt a eyme c i Xa x.ECF No.21a 1 11 t-a Ex.B a 5oz nd e ci he nxit diaton, na t 0- , ps t ' t 6. O n D ec m be 24,2009,A ndr w s r ques e di a lt l a as a r ul of he d pr s i n and e r e e t d s biiy e ve es t r e e so a e y,w hi s t t o h M a c 15, 0. nxi t ch he ook hr ug rh 201 ECF N o. Ex.B a 6.W hie outon di a lt 21, t l s biiy l a , And e s r e ve ps ho o c cou e i a w as di gno e a s f r ng f o pos e ve r w ec i d yc l gi al ns lng nd a s d s uf e i r m t ta tcsr sdior r(C rumai tes s de C PTSD' asar s tofwor a eha a s nt1 a 5' ) eul kplc r sme .d. t 6. O n ora boutM ar h 1 201 A nd e sr t ne t w or a a c c 6, 0, r w e ur d o k nd oupl ofw e ks l t r Elas e e ae i c m e i o t sor a a oa he he whie s wa t l ng wih a c wor r He t d he he a nt he t e nd ppr c d r l he s aki t o- ke . ol r w a pl nni t w o k at a hos t l or ot r m e ca f ciiy t t s m m e a t n t ne t s a ng o r pia he di l a lt ha u r nd he ur d o s et And e sa a ke tle Al ,do yo wan t donae s body pa t?'L,s at6.Thi ups her r w nd s d,çl y m u to t ome rs ' d . a s r por e i t A s it ntM a ge Pic r buts a l ges no hi w a done.l A nd e s nd he e t d t o s s a na r l he , he le t ng s d. r w doe not r por a f t r i i nt of ha a s e a tr t t tm e. l a a s t t Elas s e t ny urhe nc de s r s m nt fe ha i t ppe r ha i vol a iy l thi e pl en a St pl s i a oxi a el A pr l201 a has notw or d f unt r l ef s m oym t t a e n ppr m t y i 0 nd ke or St es snce. See A ndr s Dep.111. apl i ew And e s how e r c i d t wor a St e f m o e t n a ye r a t r Ela qui a rw , ve , ontnue o k t apl s or r ha a fe i s t nd no camss ewa d o sr cieyd shag dd et e to lnu is' nJ n 21 2 1 ECF w li h s i n tu tv l ic r e u o moina ij re 'o u e , 01 . c N o. a 11 She t tfed t ts c i d t s f rf om t ile f c s oft prorha as m e 21 t . es ii ha he ontnue o uf e r he 1 f e t he i r s nt andt the ps hol s a s t twor ng a Stpl swasdoi herha a t ts s d ha r yc ogit dvied ha ki t a e ng nn nd ha he houl no l rw or t r She e a ned i he de ii t t a t onge k he e. xpl i n r poston ha , lhough Ela wasno l rw o ki is onge r ng t r ,he w oul c i t f e ntt s or She d ve kne whe he w oul w a k i 'a t t he e d ontnue o r que he t e. d r w ne n d l n' nd t i tnii ( r. AndrwsDe 11 Stpl camst tAndrwsvol aiyr ine a de es e fed hej' ' e p. 3. a es li ha e untrl esg d nd ni t t t s t ton t r c e t d a s fc en l s ve e s t ton s as t c tt e c tuc i ha he iua i he e r a e ufi i ty e r iua i o o ons iut onsr tve dic r .I de ci she rsgnai f f a ofs ei Ela ,whoqui hi j bmor t naye r s ha ge t s rbe r e i ton or e r e ng is t so e ha a 12 e rir a t x rme s b e tv ra to ' ECFNo. 8a 2 n. 9 ale , n t te , u j cie e ci n' e . 1 t 0 4. I .AN A LY SI l S A . Sum m ary Judgm entStandard Summa yj r udgme i pr pe wheeEheei noge neis ast a maeilfc a nt s o r r t r s t nui sue o ny tra a t nd t emo a ti e tte t j d me ta amatro lw. Fe R. v. 5 () A g n ieis o h v n s n i d o u g n s te f a ' d. Ci P. 6 a . e un sue f l ' m a e i f c e s s w he a r tona t i r of f c , c i r ng t e de t ral a t xi t n a i l re a t onsde i he vi nce i t r or a a n he ec d s w hol c d fnd i f vor of t non- ovi pa t Ri c v.D est f no, 557 U . 557, 58 e, oul i n a he m ng ry. c i ea S. 6 ( ) dslmmay j me s a oprat o y i tki t e d nc az al ras bl 2009 . t l r udg nti ppr i e nl f a ng he vie e td l e ona e i e e e dr w n t r f om i t lgh m os f vor bl t t nom novi pa t ; m a e i lf c s nf r nc s a he e r n he i t t a a e o he ng ry, no t r a a t a ed s u e a dt emo igpat i e tt dt j d me ta amatro 1w.' n vv. r el r ip td n h vn ry s n ie o u g n s t f a ' He r Pu n l, l e ' 65 F. 524,531( h Ci.2011 (n ba )( tng Aus nna v.Ba ofAm.Cop. 35 2 3d 4t r ) e nc quoi he n nk r, 2 F.d8 6 8 9 (t Ci. 0 ). tdfee ty s mmayj d me ts o l bee trdi t eCo r 3 9 , 9 4h r 2 03) Pu ifrn l, u r u g n h ud n ee f h u t fnd , fe arviw o t erc r a awh l, h tn ra o a l j r c u dr tr av r itf r i s alr e e f h e o d s oe t a o e s n b e u y o l eu n ed c o t non- ngpa t Se Eva v.Te hs Applc tons& Sev.Co. 80F. 954,95859 ( h he movi ry. e ns c . iai r , 3d - 4t Ci.1 . r 996) M o e v r ap ry o po i gs mma yj d me tt yn tr s u o temeealg to ro e , a t p sn u r u g n i ma o e t p n h r le ains orde a sofhi pl a ng,bu ...mus s tf t s c tc f c s s wi t tt r i a ge ne ni l s e di t t e orh pe ii a t ho ng ha he e s nui is f til'Andes v.Li rv Lobby,l ,477U. 242,248 ( 986 ( t i omi e . sue or ra.' ron bet nc. S. 1 ) ciatons t d) l çl m e e e s e e of s e a l d f ct l di put be w e n t pa tes wil not de e t a s-he r xit nc om lege a ua s e t e he r i l fa n ot r s pr ry s re moto f rs mmay j hewie ope l uppo td in o u r udgme .'And s n,47 U. a 247nt' ero 7 S. t 48. l t a t non- ovi pa t m us pr uc ds g f c nty pr ba i e de e' f o whi h a ns e d, he m ng ry t od e di nii a l o tve vi nc ' r m c 9A ccor ng t St pl , Andr di o a es ews f t r t tfed t s has not s urhe esii hat he ought wor anywher el k e se snce l ng St esbeca e s has r i eavi apl us he emai d f f t Elaswoul appeara herne wor ace at ne earul hat i d t w kpl a mo nt ECF No.1 a 1 (ii An e De .11 ) TheCo r i un bl t veiy t sa s ri ny me . 8 t 5 ctng drws p 7 . u t s a e o rf hi s eton becausepage l17 ofAndr sde ii wasnotatac asa exhi tt Def nda ' moton. ews' poston t hed n bi o e nts i 13 ra o a ejzy c u dr tr av r iti hsfv r Ab o Co v. I tl l c,91 F.d 9 4 e s n bl l o l eu n ed c n i a o . c r m. AM n '. n . 6 3 2 r ( t Ci.1 9 ) Th ,çthes mma yj d me tiq r ...s rtnz st eplitf sc s t 4h r 9 0 . us ç l u r u g n n uiy l cu iie h an if a e o deemi whehe t pli if ha pr frd s tce pr l i t f of ad si e tr ne t r he antf s ofee ufi int oot n he onn misbl e de e,t tco d ca r t bur n ofpr ofhi c a m a t i l' M ic l v.D a a Ge Co . vi nc ha ul r y he de oof s l i t r a .' t he l t n, m , 1 F.d 1 0 1 6 (t Ci.1 9 ) d hl c u t mu ttk s e ilc r wh n c nsd rn a 2 3 31 , 31 4 h r 9 3 .ç ie o rs s a e p ca ae e o ie ig W mo inf rs mma yj d me ti adic i n to c s b c u emoiei o tnt c ic lis e to o u r u g n n srmiain a e e a s tv s fe he rt a su , i s ummayj d me tds o i o rmansa p o raei t plitf c n tp e ala amatro r u g n ip st n e i p r p it f he an if a no rv i s i t f e l w . Eva ,80 F. a 958 59. a ' ' ns 3d t B . H os ie W or Envi onm e m ara s e Cl m s tl k r nt s m nt ai A snotd,Andr wshasbr htcai so a hosie wor e r nm e bas on bot he e e oug l m f tl k nvio nt ed h r s x a he r lgi Bot c a m sa e gove ned by t s m e l ga s a r .To s e d on e t r e nd r e i on. h l i r r he a e l t nda ds ucc e ihe he s xual ha a s e or r lgi r e r s m nt e i ous ha as m e c a m , A ndr w s m us de o t a e t t a r s nt l i e t m ns r t ha r a o a l j r c u dfn teh rsme t ( )u wec me ( )b s d o h rg n e (rr lgo l e s n b e u y o l id h aa s n : 1 n lo ; 2 a e n e e d r o ei in ; d ufi inty s ve e or pe va i t at t c tons of pl i ifs e oyme a t i fce l e r s r sve o ler he ondii antf mpl nt nd o ce t an a i wok e r mne t' a ( t tt r i s ba i f i i la lt t rae busve r nvio n i nd 4) ha hee s ome ss or mputng ibiiy o ' pli ifs e oye.Mos -Gr tv.Ciy ofHa rt antf' mpl r bv an t cesown,630 F.d 326,334 ( h Ci.201 3 4t r 0) ( uotngEEOC v.Ce r lW hol alr,I ,573F. 1 1 (t Ci.200 An afr tve q i nta es es nc. 3d 67, 75 4h r 9:. fimai def ns i a ia e t e pl r t td a de ons r t ,by a pr ponder nc oft evi nce t t e e s va l bl o m oye s ha d n m ta e c e a e he de , ha ( )ghe Sxecie r s bl c r t prve a c re tpr l a haasi be vi ' 1 t yl e r s d ea ona e a e o e nt nd o rc ompty ny r sng ha or; a ( t pl ntf S r a ona y fie t tke a ntge of a prve i or c rci nd 2) he ai if un e s bl ald o a dva a ny e ntve ore tve opporunii pr de by t e oye or t a d ha m o he wie.' Jl a 1 ( i t tes ovi d he mpl r o voi r t r s '' c t 86 quot . ng - Bu lngonI .l .v.Ele t 524U. 7 7 ( 998). ri t ndus,nc lrh, S. 42, 65 1 ) 14 1 H os ie W ork Envi nm e Bas o Se . tl ro nt ed n x The Cour t ns fr tt And e s s c a m of a hos ie w or e r e ba e on he s x. t ur is o rw ' li tl k nvionm nt s d re A s t t s c ai ,t Cour nee no de enni whe he t r i a bas s f i putng la lt t o hi l m he t d t t ne t r he e s i or m i i biiy o St pl s a r quied by t f ur h e e e ,nor whe he St pl s has e t bls d is a fr atve a e s e r he o t l m nt t r a e s a i he t f im i de e e by tki pr f ns a ng ompt co r tve,a ef e tve a ton a t r Pl i i f c pl i 1 be us r ec i nd f c i c i f e a ntf om a ned,0 ca e , t Cour co udes t tPl ntf has f ied t de o ta e t s c he t ncl ha ai i f a l o m nsr t he e ond a t r e e e s ofhe nd hi d l m nt r Cj *n. .r al Tur ng fr tt t t r el m e t A ndr w s ha f l d t s ni is o he hid e n , e s aie o how t tt of e ng c ha he f ndi ondud w a ts f c e l s ve e or pe v s ve t ale t c to of pl i if s e pl e a t s çuf i i nty e r r a i o t r he ondii ns a ntf m oym nt nd o c e t an a i wor envionm e t' M os rae bus ve k r n .' by-Gr nt 630 F. a 334.Even i ac e e astue i a , 3d t f c pt d r n t i e iey (ncudi t algai i he afd vi a sae ntt t EEOC) Pli ifs her ntrt i l ng he le tons n r fia t nd ttme o he , antf' ale tons of ha a s e do not m ee Til V l ' de a ng s a r f a hos ie w or l ga i r s m nt t te l s m ndi t nda d or tl k e r e ,W hie t Cour i no way co nes t alege t e t e of t Pl i if a nvionm nt l he tn ndo he l d r a m nt he a ntf , nd 1 St Pl cont ndst tt e i no bassf i i labiiy t i, be e i aced pr 0 a es e ha her s i or mputng i lt o t caus t t ompty t l o end t har s e once Andr w s r t i.Andr w s sr he as m nt e epored t e tenuousy diput t , and poi s t her l s es hat nt o r t d com pli saboutElast sor -evelm a epea e ant i o t el nagementbegi ng i Apri and contnui i Juneand nni n l i ng n J y each tme t t Elas changed i o hi unior i t br r .l i cl t t s e seps wer ul i ha i nt s f m n he eak oom t s ear ha om t e t ken t r a o emedy t cl hescha ng i dent ats poi ,even i t y wer notcom pl el efec i he ot - ngi nci s ome nt f he e et y f tve i soppi Pl ntf fom s ng Elasc n t ng ai if r eei i hangi cl hes.Forexampl alhough Andr hast tt t ng ot e, t ews esiied hat t e was no r pons f om manage ent a er t frt i dent a s e poi afe t J and J y her es e r m ft he is nci , t om nt tr he une ul i de s,s or managem e pr ded Elas s e r ele t change,and t e wer no mor i dent nci nt t e nt ovi i om whe e s o her e e nci s i t br r n he eak oom f mont Pl ntf t tfed,however t s s ilacci or hs. ai if esii , hat he tl denu ly obs ved Elas i a l er i n s a e of undr s on se aloccasons t ough a wi tt es ver i hr ndow i t ale na i r ' door Then,afert n he t r tve oom s . t he alenai plc El ha be n gv n be a una ia l ( et te ma hewa c n ng i fon o tr tve a e i d e ie c me valbe du o h n as s ha gi n r t f obetng,he o e a i c n d i t bra ro But atrt Ocob r 1 20 9 i ie ta d jci ) nc gan ha ge n he ek o m. , fe he t e , 0 ncd n n Andr sr tt St pl sHum a Res cesdeparment Elasw asgi n a wrten couns i and no ews' epor o a es' n our t , i ve it elng, addii tonali de s i vi hi cha ng cl hes occ r Thi may have been s f entt r ive nci nt nvol ng m ngi ot ured. s ufki o ele St esofr ponsbiiy,alhough t Cour need notr h t tis her Cf.Xe xesCor ,639 F. a apl es i lt t he t eac ha s ue e. r p. 3d t 67 (ç anif ofe f e ta t ere o rc l h ved nemor t r me yt a v ree f cso t 4 ç itfs tn e l h t h i mplye oud a o pl e o e d he d e s fe t f he empl oyee' conduct ButTil V1 r quiesonl t t e pl t sepsr asonabl lkel t sop t s . te 1 e r y hat he m oyer ake t e y i y o t he haa s n .) r sme t' . ' 15 whie m uc of Ela ' be vi w as i ppr pr a e a i m a ur i he e i a lne be w e n w ha l h i s s ha or na o i t nd m t e, d r s i t t e t c nj siibybec l ds x a h r sme t ndwh ti meeycu eb ha ir'Zikev Mi t, a u tfa l al e u l a a s n a e a s rl r d e v o . s i . nea ' 547 F. 220,228 ( h Ci.2008 .I e Til V1 i nota t ne a ci lt code'be a ei 3d 4t r ) nde d, te 1 s l r l viiy ge ' c us f t tweet c ed wo dbeltg tngpas s ha r he as t we ul iiai t undowni e rs ma cic tnc s'Ln ve o ny rumsa e .'ds u Sinfc n l, whi tee i n l e ie e ta Ela ' c n u t wa s b e tv l g iia ty l h r s mpe v d nc h t iss o d c s u j ciey e u et g t An rws t b a t n be t e c n u t mu t as h v b e o j ci ey ps ti o d e , o e ci a l, h o d c s lo a e e n be tv l n o u e ona e.1 The Fourh Cic t has sa e t tt dee ne whe he a r as nr as bl 1 t r ui tt d ha o tnui t r e onabl pe s n e ro woul fnd a wor e r m e hosie,c t l i t a1 t cicu sa s i udi t d i k nvion nt tl ours ook l 1 he r m tnce , ncl ng he a f eque r ncy of t di c i i t y c he s rm na or onduc , is s rt whet r i i phys ca l t ea e ng or t t eve iy, he t s i ly hr t ni hu ii tng, or a m e e of e i ute a e; a whet r i unr as m la i r f ns ve t r nc nd he t e onabl i e f r wih a y nt r e es t n empl swor pe f ma ' Si et v.Den' o Cor.Educ. l1 F.App' 119,1 ( h oyee' k ror nce. ngl on ' tf r , 5 x 22 4t Ci.2 0 ) ( n u ls e ) ( u t Faa h r v Bo a Rao 5 4 U. 77 , 7 7 8 ( 9 8 r 0 4 u p bih d q oi ng r g e . c tn, 2 S. 5 8 - 8 1 9 :. A not rf c ort be co i e i t r l tve pow e be w e n t ha as e a t vi tm . s e he a t o nsder d s he e a i r t e he r s r nd he c i Ziki , 5 F. a 22747 3d t 28. He e,t c r he onductalege by Andr s i l des Ela ,a m al c w or r c ng ng i t l d ew nc u is e o- ke , ha i n he br a r e k oom o a pr m a el s n oc as o . M os oft s i t e oc r ed ove a pe i of n p oxi t y eve c i ns t he e nsanc s cu r r r od we ks butt n t r wasabr a o s ve a m o hsbef r t fna i i nton Ocobe 1 2009, e , he he e e k f e r l nt o e he i l ncde t r , 1 Plitf mit k nl r l s o W rg ts afd vi a pr oft tt e c ndu twa obe tvey 1 an if sa e y ei n ih ' fia t s o ha h o c s j ci l e unr onabl and specii l on he t tm ony t tl my opi on a bas on my expere as a eas e, fcaly r es i hat çn ni nd ed ince Hu n Re o r e Su e vs ra S r (o o ye r,t a rge wo n woul be o fnd d b Ela ma s u c s p r io t eas f r ne a q he ve a ma d fe e y is cha ng hi cl hesand pa si al ton,lket br ak r ,wher ot em pl ngi s ot nt n oca i i he e oom e her oyeescoul s hi .. d ee m 'ECFNo. , C, rg tAf. 1 's eas i ( issc nd tSsce ryofe iet mos wo n, ' 21 Ex. W i h f ! 1 e lo /s Ela ' o uc d lal fnsv o t me , i a i was o ousy o fnsve t And e a a woma ' .An e ' r la e o t st si n i nd t bvi l fe i o r ws s n' drwss einc n hi e tmo y s ) . m ipl ed f a l tt r ons.Fis ,t det m i i ofwheherconduc i s fci l s ver and s ac or t eas wo eas rt he er naton t t s ufi enty e e p l sv t ce t a obe tv l ho tl o a sve wo k e r me r q rs t Cou tt c sde eva ie o r ae n j ciey si r bu i e r nvion nt e uie he r o on i r v rou fco s a dic s d h r i Cf Ho kisv. li r Ga a Elc.Co.77F. 7 ,75 ( h a i s a tr , s s use e en. . p n Batmo e s nd e , 3d 45 3 4t Ci. 1 6) Th ,W rg ' pes a o nin a u wheh r o i i n mi tbe o fnsve t mo t r 99 . us ihts ron l pi o bo t te ne ncde t gh fe i o s wom en i notdiposii Second- and t lngl nowhe e i W rght' afi vi does s s y t t s s tve. eli yr n i s fda t he a hat he cl hes changi i f tofended he orany ot wom an ot t Andr w s See gene aly i ot ng n ac f r her her han e . r l d. 16 and afe t t t r we e no m o e cl hesc ngi i i nt .Ela a s woul co e up be nd tr ha , he e r r ot - ha ng ncde s is lo d m hi he a s r m t f i e he ,a t s c r nd c ea o rght n r nd hi onduc oc ur e a ut o e a w e k durng t m on hs t c r d bo nc e i he t s s hi . H e a s w oul s m e i es s a e a grn a he .Andr w sal o f tha as e by t he aw m lo d o tm t r nd i t r e s el r s d he me i t sor (ncudi Elas usng c reand cudelngua at ug s a ted t t n n he t e i l ng i ) i oa s r a ge, lho h he dmit ha s ne rc pli d a he ve om a ne boutt sco uc t a hi nd t o nyone.She a s poi st t i i n s o pr ry lo nt o he ncde t f ope t t m pe i as S r s m e y' pl nl sa e i he de ii n t ts di notc i rt e t a rng d a s nt' but ai y t t d n r pos to ha he d ha ons de hos o be ha a s e ba ed on he ge r r s m nt s r nde . A lhough A ndr w s t s ii d t t s f t phys c l t ea e d by Ela ' co uc , he t e e t fe ha he el i aly hr t ne i s s nd t r de ci i ofhi c s rptons s onduc ( i ng,sai s yi C misyous muc 'a e t cl hes t grnni trng, a ng û s I o h, nd ven he ot ' c a ig d no i v leo j ciey ih e tn n 'c n u t p y ia o oh r s . in fc nl h ngn ) o t n ov b e tv l d rae i g' o d c, h sc l r t e wie S g iia ty, t mor over t r wasno physc c a ta a tme bewe n Elasa Andr ws hene rm a e , he e i al ont c t ny i t e i nd e , ve de a s xua c m e s t w a d he ,a he neve e ny e l om nt o r r nd r xpos d hi ge t la t he .A ndr w s D e 51 e s nia i o r e p. 52. M o eo r t s oc asona i i en s s e d overa pe i ofm ont a e no s fci ntt r ve , he e c i l nc d t pr a rod hs r t uf i e o c e t a wor pl ce t t i d r e t d w ih di c i i t y i i i a i n,r di ul a i ul.' rae k a ha s i m a e pe t s rm na or ntm d t o i c e nd ns t' Ha rsv Fokl tS . I c,5 0 U. 1 , ( 9 3 (n en lq tto sa d ctto so te ) ri . r i ys, n . 1 S. 7 21 1 9 ) itr a uoai n n iain mi d . f t Rah r te aee mplso t r d b h vir'ç o il sr a teS c a i n lo fc lr o e te ,h y r xa e f d u e e a o , k rsme s' nd h i c so a f-oo j k c ' bo ' o or c m e ' t t t Fourh Cic thas f m d i uf i i ntt gi r s t a Til V 1 cl m of a om nt' ha he t r ui ot ns fc e o ve i e o te l ai hosiewor e r nme .Ziki 5 F. a 228.M or ove , her l tveç tl k nvio nt s e, 47 3d t e r t e ai ç powe ' bewe n Ela r' t e i s a Andr ws does no c rbut t ma ng t c uc mor svee. Se j a at 227nd e t onti e o ki he ond t e e r e; 28 .. (xpli ngt sf dor.Ela wa ac woker no as r s ,hewa yo rt n Andrws e ani hi a ) is s o- r , t upevior s unge ha e ked n f er m s by about ffeen year 1 t ey w or i dif ent depart ent , and A ndr s w as a l t it s,2 h ew ong-enn 1 A 1dr 2 1 ews De . 5 ( srbi hes f a 38 y a s od) ECF No.21 Ex.B a 2 ( r ws p 3 de ci ng rel s er l , ' , t And e e tmai J c b wa i hi lt te ore ry 2 ) si tng a o s n s ae e ns a l 0s. 17 em pl oyee a t c pa whie Ela ha onl be n e pl d t r f a f w m on hs w he t t he om ny, l i s d y e m oye he e or e t n he cl hes c ngi i i nt be n ha ni ot - ha ng nc de s ga ppe ng. The onl f c or t t s y a t ha uppor s a tndi o s ve e a pe v i c t i ng f e r nd r asve onduc i t t t t s ha he co nduc a is he e di i f c i e f r wih Andr wsspe f ma e ofhe dute ,bec us i t t s ue r d n a t nt re e t e ' ror nc r is a et w a s ups t i t he . The Cour ha t ns t not t t i does not doub t s ve iy o s o e tng o r t se o e ha t t he e rt r ge ne s of A ndr w s' r ac i n t M r Elas s c nui nes e s e t o o . i ' onduc , or t t i i nt i vi t t o he nc de s nvol ng he desnz ton of he pe s na pr pery. I d, s ha pr e a e e de e t t t s t ci r r o l o t ndee he s oduc d mpl vi nc ha he e i de s we e ge ne y u e tng t he .1 Butnote r w o k a e agg a to gi r s t a nci nt r nui l ps ti o r 3 ve y r pl c r va i n ves i e o n a to be lg lcam.S eEEOC v.S n etRe tl,l c,5 F.d 3 6,31 ( t Ci.2 0 ) cina l e a li e u b l n as n . 21 3 0 6 4h r 0 8 (i o k a e aen tawa sh r no slc ls a d e e icd nsta wo l o j cieygv s rplc s r o l y amo iu o ae , n v n n ie t h t ud b e tv l ie W rs t br s or w ounde f e i wil no on t t ac ot t s t s y t s ve e or per a i i e o uied d e lngs l t ha c m a i f he e r v s ve sa d r .S me r lig wi t e p n h si fc o wo k lc lf.) I ta ,te o j cie tn a d o oln t h u c e sa a t f r pa e ie' . nse d h b e tv h ' pr ong of t t t i û i d t di f vor c a m s bas d on a i vi ' hy r s nstviy.' he es s t gne o s a des li e n ndi duals pe - e ii t ' EEOC v.Far ook M ed.Clni P. ,609 F. 320,328 ( h Ci,201 ) The Cour t ibr i c. A. 3d 4t r 0 . t hus c n ld s ba e o al h r lv n f co s ta t eei n te o g e ie c fo wh c aj r o cu e , s d n 1 t e ee a t a tr,h t h r s o n u h vd n e r m ih u y c d tnd t c oul i he onduc a i s t be s t c e l s ve e a pe va i t be a tona e. t t s ue o ufi i nty e r nd r s ve o c i bl Se nd,Pl i ifhasf ie t pr e s fc e e de es co antf al d o oduc ufii nt vi nc howi s ng how t tt al ge ha he le d ha a s e w a be aus of he g r s m nt s c e r ende a ' r s m e due t pe s iy c lc s w il no r nd û a s nt ha o r onalt onfi t l t s t c ' Zi ki 5 F. a 226. se a ned by a t rdi ti tc t ufi e. s e, 47 3d t ' A xpl i no he s r c our , t r a e a l a t t e pos i e e de t a y a nues ope t a he e r t e s hr e s bl vi n i r ve n o pl ntf t dem onsra e t t aleged har ai if o t t hat he l assers conduct w as ' çbecaus of sex.'Fis t pl ntf m ay show t t aleged û e ' r t, he ai i f hat he l har ers behavi ass ' or constt ed iut an ea t s rnes exual 1 Def da r er 3 n r em i sor e buse s f r by Pl ntf . See uf e ed ai if en nt ef encesi gene altr sa prorhit y ofs xuala ECF No.1 at 15 & n. An i vi 8 2. ndi dualwih s a hit y mi wel experence t i dent atisue t uch s or ght l i he nci s s he e dif r l t aper on wihouts a hit y. r f e enty han s t uch sor 18 s iia i Se ond,t pli tf m a de olct ton. c he a n if y monsr t t tt ha as e ta e ha he r s r diply d ag nea ho tl y t ge ls i te wo k lc . id, s a e e rl sit o fmae l n h r p a e Thr i und ce t n c r um s a es a pl ntf m a of e diec er rai ic t nc ai i f y fr r t com pa atve e d e a r i vi enc bout t ha as ers t e t e of m e a he r s ' r a m nt n nd W 0m Cn. Engls v.Pohal o Cha il l ,1 F.Supp.2 833,8 ( D.Va.2002) (ntr ih rka f ntlvs nc. 90 d 43 E. i enal t al nc. 21 3d ciains paenheial and fot e omit )1 Se as Sunbel R ent s. l ,5 F. 306 tto , r t tc s o not ted .4 e lo ( h Ci.2008 (s mpl nt pr mied on not ng mor t n nz te t ntby cowor s 4t r )k co ai s e s hi e ha de r ame ker, ca l be vi by one s s r or ,or a r i di f r e of opi on a pe s iy c l c lous ha or ' upe i s outne fe enc ni nd r onalt onti t wihone' s nis aen0 a tona eunde Til V1' (ntr lctto a qu ain maks t s upe or r t ci bl r te 1' i ena iains nd otto r ) omitd) te . I t sc s , an ifh sn to frd s fiin p o ft s n h rc s t aj r u d ra y n hi a e Plitf a o fee u fce t r o o e d e a e o u y n e n of t e t e e de i y i s . Fi s , t r i no e de hes hr e vi ntar s ues r t he e s vi nce a a l t t a hi Ela di t 1 ha nyt ng i s d c tt t d a e r t s ons iu e n a nes exua s i ia i n a not ng a l olc t t o nd hi bout t m a r i whi h he c nge he mw n c ha d cot s wa s xua o vul r M or over Elas m a no c l he s e l r ga . e , i de omm e s t he r r ng s x or nt o r ega di e r ga di he ge r no a c m e sa a 1t he ofa s xua na ur ora uthe ge e r ng r nde , r ny om nt t l o r e l t e bo r nder . Sec t Cour c l est r i i ufi inte de et tElas( ot r a Stpl ) ond,he t oncud hee s ns tce vi nc ha i or hes t a es dipl yed a ge r lhos iiy t w a d w om e i t wor ac A lho s a ne a tlt o r n n he kpl e. t ugh And ew sc pl i now r om a ns t t t r w e e m e usng coa s or c ude l ngua i t w o kpl c s ne r c pl ne ha he e r n i re r a ge n he r a e, he ve om ai d about t t be vi t a ha ha or o nyone i m a ge e w hie e pl d nor di s of e a s ii n na m nt l m oye d he f r ny pec fc exam pl t i cat t cr l es hat ndi e he ude anguage w as di ect t ar wom en or i ved com m ent r ed ow d nvol s aboutw om e eihe ge r ly or a n, t r ne a l bout he i pa tc a . A s a he c tf c w ih s m ia r n r i ul r not r our a ed t i l r f t r s d,C t acs ea one t hough ghe t tmonyesa ihest tt ofe i lng gewaspe v sve, Al t ) esi tbls ha he fnsve a ua rai 1 Alhough t Engls cour a m os oft cas cied i t f egoi quot i wer deajng 4 t he ih t nd t he es t n he or ng aton e i wih s e-ex har s ent t s t am s as m , he umm ar ofm ehodsf pr ng har s e wasçbe e ofs 'a e not y t or ovi as m nt d caus ex' r lm ied onl t s i t y o ame- ex har s s as mentc es as . . 19 i as s t lo howst tt lnguage wa ge r i d s a i notdie t d ve ba at c bas d on ha he a s ne alze we rng, r c e r l ta ks e s orr lgi pl ntf ha nots it a a f da tnoran ot r e denc s ex e i on; ai i f s ubm ted n f i vi y he vi e ugge tng t tt s i ha he pr a l ng ge was di e t a he be a e s w a a w o a o be us s w a a Chr s i n. of ne a ua r c ed t r c us he s m n, r ca e he s i ta The ef e pl n ifs c ai ...f l t ove co e s onzt tm ony i t r c d esa i hi t t r or , ai t f l m ais o r m w es i n he e or t bls ng ha t of e i l ngua a i s w a m e e y t ge r us of pr a t t t pl i if f he f nsve a ge t s ue s r l he ne al e of niy ha a ntf ound o fn ie' W i ims v Ha v y 2 0 W L 2 5 4 6 a * ( D.Va Aug 21 20 6 .i fe sv . l a ' l . re , 0 6 4 6 0 , t 7 E. . . , 0 ) d. , (esi t tmony sai : 1 ofc sng washa ni 'wa i ufi e t e tbls ahosiewok ttng û ot usi a ppe ng' s ns fcint o sa ih tl r e vr n n) Ho kn v. li r Ga a d Elc Co.7 F.d7 5 7 4 (t Ci.1 9 )(-il n io me t; p is Batmo e s n e . , 7 3 4 , 5 4 h r 9 6 tlte dV I was no d i ne t c ea e a f r l r m ed f a lof e i l nguage a c 1 t es g d o r t ede a e y or l f nsve a nd onduc i t t n he wokplc ';s as Luc s v.So h Nasa Co r a e.' ee lo a ) ut s u mmuniisHos ,54 F.Supp.2d 1 ,1 tq p. 41 48 ( D. Y. 1 E. N. 998) ($ e ei s a c mme s utee by t pa tes whih miht be $ The xpltve nd o nt trd he ri , c g c i r c ude a vul r whe f lng on ve t le r ,m' unf t t l al t co m onpl e ons de ed r nd ga n ali s a a s e oruna e y l oo m ac i mos c rntvoc to .) The ei smpl not ng i t r or t s n t ure ains' . r s i y hi n he ec d o uppor a s ng ofa ' t howi g ne a hos iiy t a d wom e i t w or a e, Ela orby a e r l tlt ow r n n he kpl c by i s nyone e s a St pl . l e t a es Fi ly,Pl i if has no s na l a ntf t hown t t Ela e ged i t aleg ha as m entonl wih ha i s nga n he l ed r s y t wom e a not wih me Alhoug t r was s m e e de e t t Elas s k up be nd n nd t n. t h he e o vi nc ha i nuc hi women a not m e - a s r n e t fi en t m, Andr ws a s t sii t t Elas - nd n nd c e m d o rght he e lo e tted ha i enga i sm iart ged n i l ypes of i aur be vi o pr nks s h a hi ng a mal c wor rs mm t e ha or r a , uc s di e o- ke ' c i .Si ia l Ela a r nty w a notpa tc a a ha r m l r y, i s ppa e l s ri ul r boutt ge r of pe e he c nge i he nde opl ha d n f ontof a t undi put evi nc s st the c nge i f on ofbo h m e a wom e cor , s he s ed de e how ha ha d n r t t n nd n wokes Se e:. La k v.W alMa tSt e .l ,240 F. 255,26 ( h Ci.2001 (mpl e r r. e. . , c - r ors nc. 3d 2 4t r ) e oye f l t s aied o how har m ent because of s where s ass ex upervior w as Ci s m i el vul and s dndi cri nat y gar ofe i 'a tobnoxi t me and wome ai ' .Do lsv.La se Comm.Coleg fnsve' nd l ous o n n lke' uaa ) nca tr l e, 20 9 0F. u p. 4 , 6 ( . Va 1 9 )(mpo e wa e tte t sl r u me to ho tl9 S p 4 7 4 3 W D. . 9 7 e ly r s n i d o t l mmayj dg n n si e e r e c ai a i i out of on a l ga i t t pl i if s w s r s f l- ke nvi onm nt l m r s ng le tons ha a ntf a upe vi or s f na d ha (ha ng hi cot s i hi ofiey wheehe dmike a lug ddurng gre ehe rngs c ngi s l he ) n s fc ' r t r d nd a he i ivanc a i ' s i l ng t pl ntfl'a whee a he s r s c le he a d th,'be us t r wa nvovi he ai it' nd r not r upevior ald r t c ' ca e hee s bi i uf i i nte de t tt c ns f c e vi nce ha he onduc w asba ed on s x;t r w a C hi ove ty s xuala t s e he e s d ng r l e not bout t e ns' a no e de e t te nt t plc C a e t pli ifwas a wo n.) he ve t,' nd vi nc ha ve s ook a e t us he antf bec ma ' . ' Li w i e,t l t r co ke s he a e nduc i vi t de t uc i o Pl i if s pr pe t e n as u i i t nvol ng he s r ton f a ntf o ry, ve s m ng t w as done by Elas,does notr l or show a bi agai tw om en buti t i ef ect as ns ns ead,a per sonalgr udge or bi s a ns Pl i t f . l e eve A ndr w s ad it d t t s eone c he f m iy pi tze a gai t a n i f nde d, n e m te ha om ut r a l c tr s not bec us s w a a f al or a Chr s i n, but s m pl t t ntm i t a t r or z ' her a e he s em e i ta i y o ç i da e nd e r i e ' . i A ndr sD ep.82ew 83. l s tt Cour c ude t tt r i smpl i ufiinte de efom whihaj y n hor,he t oncl s ha hee s i y ns fce vi nc r c ur c d co l t tt ale d i i nt he e w e e be us ofPl i t f s s x. Giln v.Sout oul nc ude ha he l ge nc de s r r ca e a n if e li m h CaolnaDe .ofJ nieJ tc 474 F. 1 1 (t Ci.2007)(i ngpl niff l t ri pt uve l usie, 3d 34, 42 4h r fndi aitf aied o pr harsme wasbas o ( ndelbe aus s ofee nodie tevi ncet tc ove a s nt ed n ge r c e he frd r c de ha onduc wa t s motvae by g nde l a most a i ncl or sae nt,wihout s cii e de ir i td ge r ni iy nd s us y ttme s t co pe fc vi ntay s r,ca s uppo t nnot uppor a a tona ecli f haa s nt'(uoi Ca e v. l 16 F.d t n ci bl am or rsme ' q tng us v Baoq, 2 3 795,801( h Ci.1 ) Andrwsshosiewor e r ntcl m basd o sxt fisasa 4t r 988). e ' tl k nvionme ai e n e hus al matro lw, n t Co r g mzsDee d n ' s mmayj d me tmo ina t t scam. te f a a d he u t r t fn a ts u r u g n to s o hi li 2. H os ie W ork Envi tl ronm entBas on R elgi ed i on l he de ii A ndr w sw a ve y c e ra utt alega i nst ts w a r l ng on t n r poston, e s r l a bo he l to ha he s e yi o s upporthercl m ofrelgi ha m ent: ai i ous rass Q. So wha i de s do you cam exhi t r i o t nci nt li bi elgius di c i i ton? s rm na i 21 A.n De e e (0 9 .. Ic mei a d s me o y h drp e a l c mb r 2 0 1 . a n, n o b d a ip d pag ou ofm y Bi e a t pe i t m y de k a c t c d on e t bl nd a d t ö s nd ut he or m y r di c t c d on m y - wel, do you wa t r s , a o, ut he or l nt he e t e r hi t y di ve yt ng he d? Q. wan a1t l t l he A .Jus f relgi t or i ous Q. rlva f cswihr pe tt - ee nt a t t es c o A . i ousdic i i ton, Relgi s rm na i Q.Yes . A . The t ti i . n ha s t Q.Tha t y t ea pageouto yo Bi e c tt c d t you t he or f ur bl, u he or o r r di a w a t r a hi e s a o, nd s he e nyt ng l e? A .N o. Andr s D e 5 5 La e ,s w as as d,t ve you t d m e e r hi a ew p. 4- 5. t r he ke t ha ol ve yt ng bout yo r lgi ur e i ous dici nai a (ilcam?'a s rs srmi ton nd sc li ' nd he e ponde ' . AndrwsDe 59.Sheas t tfed d,' ' Yes ' e p. lo esii i he de ii t t Elas onc m a a r m ar t he t t s s d not be ls e ng t n r pos ton ha i e de e k o r ha he houl it ni o Chr si n m us c i t s or A c r ng t he ,s i nor t s r m ar and di notr por i t i ta i n he t e. co di o r he g ed hi e k d e tt o a nyone i m a em e ; s a s di no i l e t t i he ls of a l to of r lgi n nag nt he l o d t nc ud ha n r i t lega i ns e i ous di c i i t o A s pr vi usy not how e r s di no m e i a a tm e i he de ii n s r m na i n. e o l ed, ve , he d t nton t ny i n r pos to a ea le i de i w hi h he Bi e was hi de l w a not un i s tl d he a f da t i n ri r nci nt n c r bl d n. t s t l he i e r f i vi n o po i o t s mmay j dg n ta s e r frn e t e Au u t2 0 i ie ti whc he p st n o u r u me t h t h e ee c d h g s 0 9 ncd n n ih r i Bi e w a t ke f om he des a hi n i t w a e bl s a n r r k nd dde n he r hous butuli a e y r ove e e, tm t l ec r d. Bec us A ndr w s m ay not c r c he own c ea a une voc l s n t tm ony, a e e ontadi t r l r nd qui a wor es i t Co tw ilno cons de t ea le aleg i de i w hi h he Bi e w a hi en.Se s a he ur l t i r he ri r l ed nci nt n c r bl s dd e upr a n. ( tng Ba wik,736F. a 960) l tad,t Cour i lf wih acl m o ahosiewor t 3 cii r c 2d t . nse he ts e4 t ai f tl k e r ntbasdonr lgi prmiedo yon:( )t Dec mbe 1 2001i whihpit e of nvionme e ei on e s nl l he e r 6, n c curs her f iy w er cut up and l on her des and cor w er cut t her el r c equi ent am l e eft k, ds e o ect oni pm , 22 i l ng he rdi 1 a d ( t De mbe 21 2001 i whih he Bi e wasde e rtd a ncudi r a o;5 n 2) he ce r , n c r bl s cae nd s ol t en. St pl a gues t t t e t o i ol t d i i e s a e i ufi i t t gi r s t a hosie a es r ha hes w s a e nc d nt r ns fc en o ve i e o tl w or e r e c ai be a e t y a e nots fc e ty s ver orpe va i a t tm a w el k nvionm nt l m c us he r uf i i n l e e r s ve, nd ha y l bea urt Se e. , W halyv.S. De tofPu Saey, cc ae. e. c. te C. p' b. ft 2006W L 391 8239,a *7- ( S. t 8 D. C. Se .1 2006 (mpubls )(e va ofaBi ea rlgousrs arh booksfom pli ifs pt , ) t ihed rmo l bl nd eii e e c r antf' des a s r s r ' t e t t d s plne hi i he di c s f ih- e a ed m a t s w hie a k nd upe vi o s hr a s o i ci i m f s us ed a t r l t ter l t wor i a to t va i e l a c k, n ddii n o rous mais nd omm e st hi t dic i dic sng hi r lg on nt o m o s ontnue s us i s ei i a s r c m e s he o r a d ca lng hi a r lg o f na i w e e not s f c e l s ve e nd eve al om nt ve he r li m e i i us a tc r ufi i nty e r a peva i t esa ih ahosiewor e r nme t.Bu t Cour nee notrs vewhehe nd r sve o tbls tl k nvio n) t he t d e ol tr Pl i ifc n esa ih t c antf a t bls he onduc wa t e r orpe v i , bec us i c l st tSt pl ' t s d ve e s r asve' a e t onc ude ha a ess ' S C Z a g l e i PC SOS C Tha i,e n i And e c n esa ih s tcen l s ve e or C OC f tm nt S C I X . t s ve f r ws a t bls ufi i ty e r p r sv h r sme t s do rlgo , a lsi e tte t s mmayj d me t c u et eei eva ie a a s n ba e n ei in Stp e s nild o u r u g n be a s h r s no bas sf i putng labiiy t S a e . i or m i i lt o t pl s I t ca e of ha a s e by e pl s a o n he s r s m nt m oyee , s ppos t m a ge e , t m pl r a e ed o na m nt û oye s r e la e onl f t i own ne i nce i f lng,al racua or c tuci knowldge t t ke i bl y or her glge n aii fe t l onsr tve e ,o a pr ompta a quat a tont sop ghehaasme j' kel v. t ofDur m,l8 F. 323, nd de e ci o t t r s nt.'Mi s Ciy hn 3 3d 332 ( h Ci.1 . FM hemor whe e a e oye ' rs ns t rpore haasme i 4t r 999) r e, r n mpl rs epo e o e td r s nt s 1 Ast t Decembe 1 , 2001 c tng oft cor t her r o,i i ques i 5 o he r 6 uti he d o adi t s tonabl whe hert s e t hi w as a ac ofr i ous dicrm i ton.Si fc l t s was t sa e i de i whih s n t elgi s i nai gniianty, hi he m nci nt n c omeone alo s cuthe hea era f cor and cutup pi ur ofherf iy. I i difc tf t Cour t s a e out r t nd an ds ct es am l t s f iul or he t o epar t t r o c d bei cutas a s a e a ofr i ous dicrm i ton t i s he adi or ng epar t ct elgi s i na i hat s omehow ditnctf om t si r he desr i ofher ot bel ngs l appear m or lkel t whoe r com mit t e act di s as tucton her ongi . t s e i y hat ve ted hes s d o, Andr adm il f pur es ofever hi exceptt r o,t i i da e or s e he Cf Andr ews ted or pos yt ng he adi o ntmi t car r. . ews De 8 - 3.I a y e n ,f r pu p e of r ig o te s mmay j me t mo in,te Co twil p. 2 8 n n ve t o r os s uln n h u r udg n to h ur l pr esum et tt ac ofcuti herr o c d w asbas on he r i on. ha he t tng adi or ed r elgi 23 ha e i ac r nc wih t c ndl d n co da e t he ompa s esa ihe polc a i ude conduci a ny' tbls d iy nd ncl s tng n i tga i a t ki ac i t a r s t fndi s i a pr pt m a r s h c uc i nves i ton nd a ng ton o dd es he i ng n om mw , uc ond t s (r onabl cal at t end t har sm ent and, t ef e, r onabl as a m at er of l .' çeas y cul ed o he as her or eas e t aw ' EEOC v.XexesCor ,639 F. 658,671( h Ci.2011. Thi i tu e n i t haa s nt r p. 3d 4t r ) s s r e ve f he rs me s eq n l r oc ur . 1 ubs ue ty e c s d. Pl ntf ha f ied t r ut St pl s' e de e t t is i tga i of Pl i if s ai if s a l o ef e a e vi nc ha t nves i ton a ntf ' c pl i s a om a nt boutt dn ag t he pr pe t w a pr pta s tc e t a a m a t r ofl w . Fi s , he m e o r o ry s om nd ufi i n s te a rt St pl 'hasa polc pr bii r i o ha a s e a a pr e e i pl ce f r po tng s h a es i y ohi tng elgi us r s m nt nd oc dur n a or e r i uc haasme .ECF No.18a Ex.3,W ila Af.! 7- a Ex.B t rt a 9,11 1 1swrte r s nt t lims f ! 8 nd heeo t - 2.t itn handbook a s pr c ude t m pe i w ih ordes r to ofano he as oc a e' pe s lpr l o e l s a r ng t t uc i n t r s i t s r ona opery. t l at Ex.B a 3 A fe Pl i i f c pl i a t t e t o i i nt , i i undi put d t t d. t 2. t r a ntf om a ned bou hes w nc de s t s s e ha Tr ce W ila s of St pl ' Hum a Res c Depa t e t c a y li m a es n our es rm n onduc ed a i s i a i W hie t n nve t g ton. l t r w as no m i t n r por pr he e te e t oduce oft t i tg ton,W ila s a r t t s i e vi w e d ha nvesi a i li m ve s ha he nt r e d sor m a e s a e oye , r viwe so e s he es a ve ii d t t t r we e no t e nag r nd mpl es e e d t r c dul , nd rfe ha he e r c measi t a e i quesi ECF No.1 a Ex.3,W ila Af. 1 Andr ha ofee n r n he r a n ton. 8t lims f ! 6. ews s frd not ng t diput t tt s i si a i was do ,ot r t n t a e e ofa wrte r po t hi o s e ha hi nve tg ton ne he ha he bs nc it n e r. A lhoug A ndr w s s pec e Ela wa t pe peta o ,W ila sw a unabl t de e m i t t h e us t d i s s he r r t r li m s e o t r ne t who w a r s nsbl ' or éo Ss t nta e A ndr w s s pi i t t Elas was r pons bl ' I ' s s e po i e ' t tubs a i t e ' us c on ha i es i e. d. ee ' 7 alo ECF No.18,Ex.2,De n Af.!9 (xpli ngt the wasno a et deemi who wa s a f e ani ha t bl o tr ne s r pons bl f t i de i w hi h a pa f o Pl i if s Bi e ha bee r m o a t r t es i e or he nci nt n c ge r m a ntf bl d n e ved nd he es oft bookwa misng .M oeo r i i undipue t tafe t De e r21 2009i i nt he s si ) r ve,t s s td ha, tr he c mbe , ncde , t e w er no addii her e tonal i dent of any r i ous har sm ent or any addii nci s elgi as tonal i dent nci s i vi t des r i of Pl ntf s pr nvol ng he t ucton ai if opert Bas on t s pr pt r edi acton by y. ed hi om , em al i 24 St pl s t Co tc udes t t t labiiy cn no be i putd t i f t e a t .Xe xe a e , he ur oncl ha he i lt n t m e o t or hes c s r s Cor ,639F. a 674 (l il V1 r quiesonl t tt e oye tkese r s na y lkeyt p. 3d t tfte 1 e r y ha he mpl r a tps ea o bl i l o so t h r sme t). c r i l ,h Co r ga t De e d n ' s mmayj d me tmo ina t p he a a s n . Ac o dngy te u t r ns fn a ts u r u g n to s ' t Pl ntf ' r lgi usha a s e c a m . o ai i f s e i o r s m nt l i C . R et i on Cl m alati ai Top o aprmaf cec s f rrtlain, n e ly emus s w t a: 1 s ee g g d r ve i a i a e o eaito a mpo e t ho h t ( ) h n a e i apr eced a tviy;( t e oy t a ree o ntacin agans t e o ; n ot t ci t 2) he mpl er ook dves mplyme to i t he mplyee a () a s fce c us con ci exit bewe n t pr ece aci t a t a re nd 3 ufiint a al ne ton ss t e he ot td tviy nd he dve s emplyme a ton.Lete iv.Egua t l ,478F. 640,649- & n.2( h Ci. o nt ci tir n .nc. 3d 50 4t r 2007) Br n ; va t v.Ai n Regi M edialCe e s l ,333 F.d 536,543 ( h Ci.2003 .$ft pli if ke onal c ntrs nc. 3 4t r ) f he antf l e tb ih s(1p i fcec s , h b r e s i st tee l y r.. ûoa t u aealgtmae sa ls e a rma a i a e t e u d n hf o h mp o e . t ri lt e ii t, l c no s rmi t yr a onf t a ree oyme a to '' tir,47 F. a 6 ( i ndici naor e s or he dves mpl nt cin.'Le tei 8 3d t 46 quotng Hilv.Loc dM a tnLogsisM g .l ,35 F. 277,285 ( h Ci. 4)( nba l;s e l khee ri itc mts nc. 4 3d 4t r 200 e nc) e as j .a 651(ppl ngt prtxta l i t rt itoncli . xt Ehebtr nrt nst t lo . t é . a yi he ee nayss o ealai am) Ne ,ç lde eur o he t pl i t f t s a n i f o how t t the e pl rs pr f r d pe s i e r a on f t ki a a r e ha t m oye ' of e e nui sbl e s or a ng n dve s e o nta toni a t ly aprtxtf dici nai ''L a 646( i Hil 354F. a mplyme ci s cual ee or s rmi ton.' 4. t quotng l, 3d t 285 . l arce de son,t SuprmeCour hase ) n e nt cii he e t mphasze t ta Til V1 rtlain cl m i d ha te l eaito ai r uiest tt c pl i t be t butf c us oft r t la or a ton.U ni of Tx.Sw .M e eq r ha he om a n he - or a e he e a i t y c i v. d. Ct.v.Nasa, r sr S.Ct ,201 W L 315 . 3 5234,a *1 (une 24,201 .Tha i,a Til Vl t 6J 3) t s te 1 r t la i pli ifmus esa ih t tI rpr t c e a tviy wa abutf c us oft a l ed e a iton antf t t bls ha t he o e t d c i t s -or a e he leg a rea tonbyt e oye,' ndnotmeeyad i tngfcor'Se j. dves ci he mpl r'a rl d vai a t .' e l. mot a Onc a de e nt ha m e is bur n of pr e f nda s t t de oduc i a a tcul t d a l gii a e ton nd ri a e e tm t nondi cri i t y r on f an adver em pl ent acton, ût M cDonnel D ougl f es m na or eas or se oym i dhe l as ram 25 wor wih is prs mptons a bur ns sppea gl a t s e r mai ng is (s k t t e u i nd de --dia rs, nd he ol e ni sue i) dici nai vel non.'Re ves 530 U. at 1 (ntr quotto maks a cttons srmi ton ' e , S. 42 i enal ain r nd iai omitd) Cl uli t bur ofpe s di t tiroffc t tt defnda itntonal te . d- tmae den -he rua ng he re a t ha he e nt ne i ly dic i naed g rtlae a ns t plitf r mansa a1 tmes wih t pli if' Tx. srmi t or eaitd) gai t he anif e i t l i t he antf.' De tofCmt Afar v.Bur ne 450 U. 248,25 ( 981.Onc t dee ntpr uc sa p' v. fis di , S. 3 1 ) e he fnda od e nondi c i i t y e a ton, t pl i if i a f r d t o runiy t pr ve by a s r m na or xpl na i he a ntf s f o de he ppo t t o o pr pond a e oft e denc t tde e nts e a t o i m e e y a pr t xtf r di c i i ton e er nc he vi e ha f nda ' xpl na i n s r l e e o s rm na i d s i t t t e pl r s pr f r e a t o i unw o t of c e nce. Re ves 530 ç how ng ha he m oye ' of e ed xpl na i n s by r hy r de ' e , ' U. a 1 ( tng Bur ne 45 U. a 256 .il uli t quesi i whehe t e oye S. t 43 quoi di , 0 S. t ) s- tmae ton s t r he mpl r -he i e to ly geaitdl a pr t tûhe e oye ' pr fr ras i unpes sve,or ntninal rtlae , nd oof ha t mpl rs ofeed e on s rua i e n obvi l co rved,does notne es a iy es a i h t t t pl i i f spr f e r as ... ve ousy nti c s r l t bls ha he a ntf ' ofer d e on i c rc .'Re ves 530U. a 1 47( i S . a ys 5 U. a 524) çti no e h . s ore t'' e , S. t 46- quotng t M r ', 09 S. t .ç s t noug l t dibe i ve t e pl r t f c tnde m us be i ve t pl i if s expl na i ' of o s le he m oye ' he a ti r , t le he a ntf a ton' ret i i St M ary' ,509 U . at519. alaton. . s S. A s di c s And e s a l ge t ,a a r ul ofhe co pl i s a utElas c ngi i s us ed, r w le s hat s es t r m a nt bo i ha ng n t br k r ,St pl r t laed a i the byr ducng he ho sfom a oxi ael 25ho s he ea oom a es e a it ga ns r e i r ur r ppr m t y ur pe w e k t 15 hour pe w ee f t pe i be w e n Oc obe 30,2009 a D e m be 22, r e o s r k, or he rod t e t r nd ce r h u 20 ,6 At t e s mmay j dg ent heming, Ande ' c t e d s rb d h r alg to a 091 r u m rwss oms l e cie e le ain s es e i ly be ng t t s t l St pl s s c d notw or i c t i a e s bec us s nee d t s nta l i ha he o d a e he oul k n era n r a a e he de o avoi Elas and m anagem entr ponded by cuti herhour d i , es tng s. St pl s a g st tAndr ws c nnotesa i h a pr m a f c e c e be us s ca ts a e r ue ha e a t bls i a i as ca e he nno how a ca a lnk be w e n her c pl i s and he s he e Alhough And e s t s ii d t t i was us l i t e om a nt r c dul . t r w e tf e ha t 1 Andr t tfed t s wor d hera oxi el 25 hour weekl bef e Oct r 30, a 6 ews esii hat he ke ppr mat y s y or obe nd aferherr ur fom herdiabiiy l t et n r s lt eave i M ar 201 untls s r ed fom empl e . n ch 0 i he epa at r oym nt 26 d s bl ' t the c pl i s a i i e ' ha r om a nt boutEla r s t i he r uce hotr ,A ndr w s D e 10 s pos i s e uled n r ed d ls e p. 5, he ha not pr s nt a ot r e de e ot r t n he o n s c ato M or o r St pl s has s e e ed ny he vi nc he ha r w pe ul i n. e ve , a e s c s uly a tc a e a A e tm a e nondi c i i t r r as f t adve s e pl m e uc es f l ri ul t d û gii t , l s rm na o y e on or he r e m oy nt a ton' ha A ndr ci ' t -t ews c d no wor durng t bus e tpe i be aus he doc ort d he s oul t k i he i s r od c e r t ol r he c d no wor i t c oul t k n he opy ce e or a t c ck- t a e .1 I poi s t A ndr w s s ow n nt r t he he ou r a 7 t nt o e ' t tm ony t ts t d he m a ge s s c d notw or i ce t n a ea ,a he c es i t t es i ha he ol r na r he oul k n rai r s nd r onc s on ha pr di bac i t e a ea wasr quie oft ve yone'a pa t t i du i . ovi ng kup n hos r s e rd û r e ' s r of her tes Andr wsDe e p. 70.She wa t d w he s s a e s c d notw o k i t e a ea t the hour w oul hav t s ol n he t t d he oul r n hos r s ha r s d eo be c be us t 11 a - 1 pm tm e f a e t tus d t be pa tofhe s hedul was a bus tm e ut ca e he m i r m ha e o r rc e yi t tr r d e r ne t be av l e t w or i t c s e a e a c py c nt ra ea. ha equie ve m o aiabl o k n he a hi r r a nd o e e r The e i s m pl i ufi e e de e t t t s e a ton was a m e e pr t xt f r s i y ns tci nt vi nc ha hi xpl na i r e e or r tla i Fis, t f c t t Andr ws had r pe t dl co ai d a ea iton. r t he a t ha e e a e y mpl ne bout Ela ' c ot s i s s l he - c ngng i i nt monhseale (n J a J y)a herhour we eno c a t tpoi ha i ncde s t rir i une nd ul nd s r t ut t ha nt u nni s a a gum e ofpr t xt l t d,he hour we e notc untls t d t sor s nde ne ny r nt e e . nsea r s r ut i he ol he t e he was una e t pe f m dutes e c e of a 1e pl es durng t s or s bus hour .N ot bl bl o r or i xpe t d 1 m oye i he t e' y s a y, m or ove , ndr doe notpoi t a ot re pl e w ho r f e t wor i t e a e s a e r A ews s nt o ny he m oye e us d o k n hos r a nd w ho w a pe m i t t s ilw or durng t e hotr . s r ted o tl k i hos ls A ndr w s poi st he t tm ony t t r a e ot r a ea s c d ha wor i t d e nt o r esi hat he e r he r s he oul ve ked ns ea andt the prmayj di noti udewoki i t eaea .Stpl mihtha be n betr ha r i r ob d ncl r ng n hos r s a es g ve e te s r e (nd i d,avoi d art itoncl m alogehe)ha i pennitd Andr t co i e v d a ndee de ealai ai t t r d t te ews o ntnue 1 St pl makesr 7 a es epeat r f encest t f tt t act doc or, not i noti t r cor . ed e er o he ac hat he ual t s e s n he e d Forpu po esofs r s umma yj dg n,h ve ,heCo t e tee d n ei t lgh mos fvo a et r u me t owe r t ur viws h vie c n he i t t a r bl o Andr w s t non- ova . See Henr 652 F. at531.She has t tfed t s i çpr ty s e' s e , he m nt y, 3d es ii hat he s ç e t ur ' he pr ded a doc ors not and has r pea edl r f e d t t i was a medialr r m ent t s not ovi t ' e e t y e er nce ha t c equie hat he wo ki t os ae s Thu ,aj ' c ul s fn r n h e r a . s ul o d o id. y 27 t w o k he f ls he e a t wor i t e ot rar a .Bu ispolcy i no s r d c ousa t o r r ul c dul nd o k n hos he e s t t i s t o i i ul so be e de l pr t xt a t Cour ' vi w of t w i dom of t s pari ul r de i i n i vi nty e e ual nd he ts e he s hi tc a c so s ir l va ,s l ng a t dec s on w a not m a t r a i t a i t Andr w s f he co pl i r e e nt o o s he i i s de o et la e ga ns e or r m a nt aboutEla .Cf De ale t v.Cor ng l ,1 F. 293,299 ( h Ci.1 )(i-l sCour is . l rlte ni . nc. 33 3d 4t r 998 kg-hi l t does no s t as a ki of s pe - r om w l de t e w e ghi t pnz nc of e pl e t i nd u rpe s parm nt i ng he de e m oym nt dec s onsm a by fr s c r ed w ih e pl e di c i i ton ....l i no o pr nce t ii de im ha g t m oym nt s r m na i t s t ur ovi o det r i w he he t r s n w a w ie,f i,o e n c r c ,uli a e y,s l a i t u y w a e m ne t r he ea o s s a r r ve or e t tm t l o ong s t r l s t r s n f t ' ad re aci (ntr quotton maks a cttons omi e .Hee he ea o or he' ves ton) i enal ai r nd iai t d) r, l A ndr w s a it t t t ve yone' ha t w o k i t e a e , a t t f c t t St pl s e dm ted ha d r e ' d o r n hos r as nd hus he a t ha a e co d have alo e he t w or e s w he e doesno m ea t tr us ng t a l he t do s w a ul lw d r o k le r t n ha ef i o low r o o s a rt it y a ton.l s tt r i no s fcente de e fom whih aj y c d c l ealaor ci n hor, hee s t ufii vi nc r c ur oul oncude t tt r s he hour w e e c w a be us s c pl i d,ort t St es gi n r as i a ha he ea on r s r ut s ca e he om a ne ha apl ' ve e on s m e e pr t xtf r a i ton. r e e Or et la i Fo te er a o s t eCo r g a t d fn a t's mmayj d me tmo in wi r s c r h s e s n , h u t rn s ee d n s u r u g n to t epe t h t J ndr A s' r t i ton cl in. o t e v s e ala i ar D . lnt onallnni i ofEm otonalD i ress enti ct on i st Pl n i f s fnal c a m i a cl i f r i t ntona i l c i of e o i ai t f i li s a m o n e i l nti ton m tonal di tes .U nde sr s r V igi a co m on l w ,a pl ntf a l gi i e i li lc i n ofe otonaldi t e sm us pr r ni m a ai i f le ng nt ntona nf i to m i sr s t ove: ( he wr s t ongdoer s c ' onduc i i e i na orr c e s t c t s nt nto l e kl s , he onduc i ou r geo or i t e a e,t t s t a us n ol r bl he a l ged w r ul c le ongf onduc a e otona di tes a e c us ly comz c e a t di tes i t nd m i l sr s r a a l e t d, nd he s r s s s vee'W oma kv. drdn 21 Va.338,3 ( 1 .' a lt ha be n f ndonl whee e r' c El i e, 5 42 Va. 974) ' biiy s e ou Li y r t conducthas been so out ageous i char er and s ext em e i degr ast go beyond al he r n act , o r n ee, o l possbl boundsof decency,and t be regar as atoci ,and utery i ol abl i a ci lzed i e o ded r ous t l nt er e n vii 28 c m uniy. 1 Thi t tûi C f vor d' i t l w . Rus o v. W hie,400 S. 2d l 16 om t ' d. s or çs not a e n he a ' ' ' s t E. 60, 2 ( 1 ) ctngRut v. ec r 377S. 2d41 41 ( 1 ) Va. 991, ii h Flthe , E. 2, 5 Va. 989 . A s r l va he e, a pl ntf who f is t e t bls c e e nt r ai i f a l o s a ih onduc s fci nt f a hos ie t uf i e or tl e r e cam cn ,asa m at rofl esa ih a ca m f t i e i li lc i of nvionm nt li nnot te aw, t bls li or he nt ntona nfiton emotona dites ba e on t tsmec i l sr s s d ha a onduc.Ha telv.Duplx,1 F. 766,774 (t Ci. t rs l e 23 3d 4h r 1 ) Assae i Dwve,i i unras bl f acam of f tage nes't pe ss o et 997 . ttd n r t s e ona e or li s r ous s'o rit nc he ou di t i t cour ha de e ne t t t co s rc t s t nni d ha he nduc was no s fci nty eg e ous f a c ai of t t uf i e l r gi or l m çhosie'e r nt Dwve v.Smih,8 F. 1 1 4 ( h Ci.198 .Ast Co tfnds t tl' nvionme . r t 67 2d 84, 9 4t r 9) he ur i t tSt pl s s c ha a e ' onduc di no c ea e a hos ie wor e r e ,ba ed on e t r s x orr lgi t d tr t tl k nvionm nt s ihe e e i on, t Cour a s fnds t tt A ndr w s scl i f i e i li lc i ofem otona di tes f is he t l o i ha he e ' a m or nt ntona nf i ton i l sr s a l as a mat of lw. Cf t. The c ter a . qs onduc alge hee smpl doe t le d r i y snotrs t t lvelo ie o he e f out a ous s r quied t s t i s h a c a m . r ge ne s e r o us a n uc li 1 1 CO N C LU SI N 1. O For t sae r s ns dee nt' s he ttd ea o , fnda s ummay j r udgmen moton ( . No. 1 i t i Dkt 6) s G R AN TED i ise ie y.The Cl r i diec e t s nd co e oft sm e or nd o ni n a n t ntr t e k s r td o e pi s hi m a um pi o nd a om pa ng or rt a 1c m s ofr co d. cc nyi de o 1 ot el e r E T RTi( dyfu,03 N E :hs' aoJl21. f y Z J Jm a . lk Ttr Se orUnie St e D it i tJ ni t d at s s rc udge 29
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