Serdah v. Edwards et al, No. 7:2011cv00023 - Document 61 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 8/30/2011. (eot)

Download PDF
cteRK.Y Fl e :,. I CoeRT c 8 DR A T' I TH E U N I N TED STA TES D I STRI T CO U R T C FO R T H E W ESTER N D I STR I T O F V I G I I C R N A RO AN O K E DIVISIO N M O H AM M ED A .SE RD A H , FKQD ,A V AL 12 2 1 C 01 J UtK BK . ERK CL ( C ER Ci lAc i N o.7: - v- 23 vi t on 11 c 000 Pl ntf , ai if M EM O M N DU M O PI O N NI PETER H .ED W A RD S,etJ/, . D ef endant s. By:Sam uelG .W is l on Unied St es Di t ctJudge t at s ri Thi i a acin byapr s pli if Moha dSeda (û .Seda ',purua t 28 s s n to o e antf, mme r h $Mr r h' s nt o ) U. C. j 1 8 a 1 8 wihs p e na j rs ito a s re o rasae1w itn in l S. j 9 3 nd 9 5 t u plme tl u id cin setd ve tt a ne to a i lci ofe i ldites cai agans dee nt,J yW ila Se d h (t s Sedaf', nfiton motona sr s l m i t fnda s ud lims r a $ . r l ) M hi f me wie, Pee Edwadstt r ' ,heg r a adltm a nt byt s or r f and tr r ç Edwads' t uadin ie ppoi ed he l Roa nokeComt J l a Do si Reai (tDR' c tt r pr e t Seda 'mi t y uvenie nd metc ltons t ' our o e esnt he r hs nor J ) ai , s i t Se d hs c t dy a d vi ia i n di put s ' A c or ng t hi com pl ntz M r. Se da s on n he r a ' us o n st t o s e . c di o s r h' cl i ss e fom a f l e a t da tfl by M s Se da i Fr rkln Count V igi a on Oc obe am tm r a s fi vi ied . r h n al i y, r ni t r 28 201 c a m i t tM r Se da ha t e t ne t ha m hi m i s M s Se da a he , 0 l i ng ha . r h d hr a e d o r s nor on, . r h, nd r 1M r Seda ha fl f urot cvi a tonsi t scou ta ii outofhi domesi diput wihhi f r wie . r h s ied o her i l ci n hi r rsng s tc s es t s o mer f c n enn tec so ya c r o ters n S ra v Ed r , 1 c 2 6( . Va Jn 1 , 1 ( ndn ) o c rig h u td nd ae fh i o . ed h . wads7:1v 7 W D. . u e 3 20l) pe ig ; Sed hv Ro n k Cn'. nt fSo . rs, :9 v , 0 9U.. s. ra . a o e t De 'o c Sev.70 c 712 0 S DitLEXI 21 6 ( . Va Ma . 7 2 0 ) v S 3 2 W D. . r 1 , 0 9. , Sed hv S r a , 0 c 3 , 0 U. DitLEXI 21 4( . Va Jn. 2 2 0 ) S ra v. a o eCn'. ra . ed h 7:8 v 23 20 9 S. s. S 0 W D. .a l , 0 9 , ed h Ro n k t . v De t fS c S r s, :8 v 1 20 8U. DitL S8 0 4( D. . t2 , 0 8 .Toae , eh sn me p'o o . ev .70 c 56 , 0 S. s. EXI 8 0 W. Va Oc. 8 2 0 ) tld h a a d M s Se da i f f der s t a Edwa dsi t . r h n our e al uis nd r n wo. 2On M a c 15,2011,M r Se da m ove f a e enson oftmet tl ar po et Edwa ds motonf rh r h d or n xt i i o 5e es ns o r ' i or . smmayj d me to i teatraie frla et 5l a a n e c mplit T ec u t ete ga tdn r u l u g n , r n h l n tv ,o e v o e n me d d o an . h o rn i r rne o e h de e Se da I vet a end.N e rhee s t c tquesi dM r Se da a l t a t heai o Edwa ds nid r h ea o m ve t ls , he our tone . r h t engh t he rng n r ' moinfrs mmayjd me tfu dhsa s r n al i e erbl, n c uddsenn a p e ibl dfee c s to o u r u g n,o n i n wes ery mp n ta e a d o l icr o p rca e ifrn e bewe t cam si hi orgi compl nta hi frta e d c t en he li n s i nal ai nd s is m nde omplit Thecou tsr as ni i t so nin an . r' e o ng n hi pi o a i wih e pples t qualf c t et rc plit or e o ihe om an . pa e s M r Se da a lgest tEdwa dswa complcti tlng t a fda t3 Edw a dsha r nt . r s . r h le ha r s i i n ii he fi vi. mo f s ved or umma yj r udgme ont g o t theha eihe abs ut orqualfe i nt he r unds ha s t r ol e iid mmuniy, t ha no vi a e M r Se da sf de alc tt i s t ol t d . r h' e r ons iutonalo sa u or rght , nd ha notc m it t r tt t y i s a s om ted he t r ofi t ntona i lc i n ofem oto di tes . Ed a ds ha fl d a a f da tde aii hi o t n e i l nfi t o i nal sr s w r s ie n f i vi t lng s a onsi t m a tr M s Se da who i pr e i di n he te . . r h, s oc ed ngrr s ha a ed Edwa ds m o i a / e, s dopt r ' tons nd rgume s The c tfndseihe t tEd r ha i nt . our i t r ha wa ds s mmuniy a t M r Ser h' f de alca ms t s o . da s e r li ort tEdwa ds unc r di t d afi vi di c os st ta 1ofM r Se da scl i s l c m e i a ha r ' ont a c e fda t s l e ha l . r h' a m a k rt nd e tr s mmayj d me tf rEd r s Thec u t ne ss mmayj d me tf rM s Sed ho nes u r u g n o wad . o r e tr u r u g n o . r a n t m e is he rt . 1. M r Se dahcompli t ton Ocobe 28,201 M s Se dah,wih Edwa ds a ssa e . r ans ha t r 0, . r t r ' s it nc , f s l s or i an a fda ti s por ofa a i ton f pr t tve or rt ton O c obe 21 al e y w e n f i vi n up t n pplca i or o ec i de ha t r , 201 M r Se da ha t ea ene t Se da 'm i rs t tM r Se da w oul kilM s Se da 0 . r h d hr t d he r hs no on ha . r h d l . r h a he pa e s M r Se da a s compl nst Edw a ds who ha s r d asgua di n ad lt nd r r nt . . r h l o ai hat r , s e ve r a iem f t Se da 'm i s n s nc 2007,S t u t d' M r Se da s e f t t m a s le de e or he r hs nor o i e û r c e ' . r h' f or s o r ha vi nc obs s i û ha he w a no pr s nta t l a i w ih hi s on O c ober21 201 ' n he how ng i t t s t e e t he oc ton t s on t , 05 whe aleg y m a t t e t . l edl de he hr a s Ed r sh smo df rs mma yj g n a dflda u c nr d ce a fd vti wad a ve o u r ud me t n ie n n o ta itd fi a i n s uppor oft tm oton. A cc di t Ed a ds a tda t Edw a dsw asnoti ved i t f lng t ha i or ng o w r ' fi vi, r nvol n he ii oft afi vi wih t Fr kln Count co t M s Se da on Oc o r28, 0. H o e r he f da t t he an i y ur by . r h t be 201 w ve , a co di t Edw a ds s r da e r i r on Oc obe 25,2010, w ar ha pe s naly c r ng o r , eve al ys a le , t r Ed ds d r o l i er e e t Se da 'm i s outoft pr s nc ofeihe pa e . The c l w a S r nt vi w d he r hs nor on he e e e t r r nt hid s t y ve 3Alhough M r Se da r i yr f st t sae e sby Edwa dsa M s.Se da a if s 'orçc i i l t . r h outnel eer o he ttm nt r nd r h s tale' ûrm na c r s'M r Se da w a neverar se a t r i not ngi t r c ds ha ge y' . r h s re td, nd hee s hi n he e or howi t hewasc i i l c ge ng hat rm naly har d. ups t' cr ng a t d Edwa dst thi ft rha piked hi up fom s hoolont e'and yi nd ol r ha s a he d c m r c he a tr n ofThur day,Oc obe 21 201 a t e t ne t ha m hi , s Se da a hi fe noo s t r , 0 nd hr a e d o r m M . r h, nd s ma e na gr ndpar nt .Ed r c ude t tt c l wast lngt tut Be ivi i t be tr l a e s wa ds oncl d ha he hid eli he r h. le ng t o i t c l sbes i e es ,Edw a dsa i t ne da t t Fr nkln Co y m ag s r e f a n he hid' t nt r t r ppled he xt y o he a i unt i tat or n e r enc pr e tveor r whiht magsrt is dpurua t Vigi aCodej1 1 me g y otci de, c he itae sue s nt o r ni 6.ankln y o e tve de s o xpie n hr e ys o 253. 4 TheFr i Count pr t c i or rwa t e r i t e da , s Edwa dstl d a 4. r ie peii on Ocobe 29, 0 f apr lm i r pr t c i or rwih t Ro tton t r 201 or ei na y o e tve de t he anokeCoun y J t DR c u t a igj rs ito o e t d metcrlto sc s , n t a c u t nee ap ei n r o r h vn u id ci n v r he o si eain ae a d h t o r e tr d rl ay mi pr e tveor rpurua tt Vigni Codej1 1253untlt ma t coul beheadon otci de s n o ri a 6.i he ter d r N ove be 5, 0. Fr t ttm e on, he m a t rpr e ed i t J R c t The N o m be 5, m r 201 om ha i t te oc ed n he D our . ve r 201 he rng wasc i d t Dec m be 2, 0.M r Se da br 0 ai ontnue o e r 201 . r h oughtanumberofdo um e s c nt t t the rng. Acc di t Edwa ds afi vi i s o ha a i or ng o r ' fda t n uppor ofhi moton f s t s i or umm a y r j d me tEd r sddn t n t p e e t r Sed hfo p e e t t o ed c me t t te u g n, wad i ohig o rv n M . r a rm rs n i h s o u ns o h ng J R cour. l r s D t n e pons M r Se da hasf l d va i usa fda t a doc e s i t s c ur e, . r h ie r o f i vis nd um nt n hi o t s e ng t pr t thene rt e t ne hi m i rs a t thi f e ki o ove ha ve hr a e d s no on nd ha s onne wie' afi vi i r f s tda t s f s. al e I.M r Se dah' j198 Cli Agai tEdwar l . r s 3 am ns ds M r Se da ale st tEdw a dsa M s Se da c pied t vi a e hi r gh sunde t . r h l ge ha r nd . r h ons r o ol t s i t r he Consiuton.Edwadsmanti t thehasa ol ei tt i r i ans ha bs ut mmuniyfom Mr Se da sj1 cam t r . r h' 983 li a t the i e il t pr vai on t unde l ng m e is a w el. The c t r s e t nd ha s ntted o e l he ryi rt, s l our add e s s he i m t iy a m erti s i r ver e or ra c l m m t nd i s ues n e s de nd onc udest tEdw a ds i e il d t s m a y ha r s ntte o um r 4Vi naCo ej1 .- 3( sae ta tan . . gsrt ma is eawrte o orl xpa t e re c r i d 6125 A) tts h tt ly . ma itae y su gi l i n r a e re meg n y t pr e tve or r ... n or rt pr ec t hea t a s e y ofa pe s ' ot c i de i de o ot t he lh nd af t ny r on. ' j d me t ete be a eMr S r a scamslc mei o b c u eEd r si i mefo u g n , i r c us . ed h' li a k rt r e a s wa d s mmt r m h sui.5 t M r Se da s c l or ale tonst tEdwa dsc pie w ih hi f m e w ie t . r h' onc us y l ga i ha r ons r d t s or r f o vi a ehi rght a e e tte t no de e e e a Edwa ds unco r dit d a fda tdicos s olt s i s r n il d o f r nc , nd r ' nta ce fi vi s l e t tEd a ds ha w r --cor e ty ori or e ty- pe c ve a phys c lt e ta ac ed i pend nty a a rcl nc r c l r ei d i a hr a nd t nde e l s guar a ad lt m ,i wha hepe c ve t be t be ti er s oft c l M r Se da s a t mpt di n ie n t r ei d o he s nt e t he hid. . r h' te t pr t the ne rt r a e d hi m i r s a t thi f m e w ie' a t da tw asf l e o ove ha ve h e t ne s no on nd ha s or r f s fi vi as m is t m a k.l ed,agua din ad lt m,a d wih i or i he tndsc e bl t ta s es he r nde r a ie nue t nf maton i r di e ha par n m a phys ca l ha m t m i rt tt g r a ha be n a et y i ly r he no ha he ua di n s e ppoi ed t r pr e , oul nt o e es nt w d be de e i ti nota tng. Sec i a pr t c i or runde t cic s a si no a fontt t r lc n ci urng o e tve de r he r um t nce s f r o he l Co siuin. C o n ttto 6 nsequenty, Ed r si e tte t s mmayj g n . wad s nild o u r ud me t 5s mmayjdg n i po e wh r, iwigtefcsi tel h mo ta oa et tepanitth r i n u r u me t s rp r ee ve n h a t n h i t s fv rbl o h litflt ee s o g g n ieisea t a ymaeilfc a dt emo igp ryi e tt dt j d me t samatro lm 'F d. Ci. e un su s o n tra at n h vn at s nil o u g n a e te f a ' e R. v P. 56c.Th pat mo igfrs mmayj d me t a teiiil td no d mo taigtea snc o aymaeil () e ry vn o u r u g n h sh nta bl e f e nsrt h b e e f n tra r n is off t butnee nots s ue ac d uppor ismoto wih a tda t orohe mae i sne tng t no tt in t fi vis t r tral ga i he nmovi pat s ng ry' cam. ltxCop. cart. 7 U.. 1 , 2 (98 ) On etemo igp ryme t isiia b r e te li Ceoe r v. tet4 7 S 3 7 3 3 1 6 . c h vn at est nt l ud n,h i nonm ovi pa t m a notr yupo m e ealegai ord al c ane i ispladi ,butmus comef nva d ng ry y el n r l tons eni s onti d n t e ngs t o r wihs t ome f m ofe de ir m ae i al dbyRul 56 de or vi nta y tral lowe e monsrtngt e se ofage neis of tai he xitnce nui sue maeila t e urn atilAnd ro v Li rvLo b .n .4 7U. 2 2, 48 4 (98 ) Ceoe , 7 U. a tra fc rq iig ra. es n . bet b y Ic, 7 S. 4 2 - 9 1 6 ; ltx 4 7 S. t 324.A ge neis ofm aera fc e sswhe ar i lfcfnde ,c i rngt evi nc i t s mar nui sue t il a t xit n atona a ti r onsde i he de e n he um y j d me te o d c udfn i fv ro ten n vn p ry Ric v De ea ,1 S Ct2 58 2 7 (0 9. u g n rc r , o l id n a o fh o mo ig a t. c i . stfno 29 . . 6 , 6 7 2 0 ) 6M r Seda mus e tbls f aduepr es cli , t tiheee ssaIberyorpr pet i e e twhih ha bee t sa ih or oc s am ha t r xit i t . r h t o ry ntr s c s n i ef r wihbyt St e'andt t'hepr edu esatnda upont tde i ton we ec tt inal ntreed t he at' ha K t oc r te nt ha prvai r onsiuto ly d fce t' rfo v. t o W i n tn 3 6F.d1 3 14(t Ci. 0 2)(i to o t d ;e as Welrv. eiin 'Baeo t Civ f l ao , 0 3 1 , 2 4h r 2 0 ct in mit l se lo l mi a e e De 'o S c S r s frCivo Batmoe 9 F.d3 7 3 3(t Ci.1 9 )( p irh aigi rq rdwh r pt f o . ev .o t f l r, 0l 2 8 , 9 4h r 9 0 No ro e rn s e uie ee i eme ge y a tonm a benec s y f t pr t ci ofachid,s l ast c tt i r uiement ofnoie r nc c i y esar or he o e ton l o ong he onsiutonal eq r s tc a do p ru i frh ai aep spo e rte t nei nae lfrasbsa tv d epo escam,h tasae n p o tnt o erng r ot n d ah rha l td. o u tn ie u rc s li ta tt y mi ; acorsc uc hasbee ts ki a bir r a e e o ,'Cnt ofSa a nt v.Le s 5 U. 833,8 t ' ond t n thoc ng, r tay, nd gr gius' y. crme o wi, 23 S. 46 (9 8 9o aF u t Ame d n cam,h th r wa a u rao a l siue Cr hv. smoea dCnt. 19 ) fr o rh n me t li ta tee s n ne s n be ez r, o Wet r ln v Chi r n& Yo t S r s,1 3 F.d 1 2 ,1 2 ( dCi.1 9 ) Th saeh sa itr s i p o e t g c i r n i tt le d u h e v . 0 3 1 3 l 6 3 r 9 7 ( e tt a n n e e t n r tc i h l e f t n d i ha s er s bl a a tc abl e de gi ngrs t aras nabl s pii t ac l ...i i i ien s om ea ona e nd riul e vi nce vi ie o e o e us con hat hid s n mm n t d n e ' ; o a e ua p oe to c am. h th t a be n itn i n l te td dfe e ty fo o h r smial a g n' f r n q l r t ci n li t a e t s e n e to al ra e ifr n l r m t e s i lry ) h y st aeda t tt r i nor tona ba i f t difr nc i te me 'VilofW il oo v.Olc 5 U. iu t nd ha he e s ai l ss or he fe e e n rat nt' l. lowbr k e h, 28 S. 5 2 5 4(0 0 .I so tag adina Itm wh c nrns crumsa c ss c a to eEd r s afd vt 6 , 6 2 0 ) n h r, u r a d i e o o fo t ic tn e u h s h s wad ' fia i dicos t thebelev heconfo edandwho s e apr t tveor erhepeceve t bei t be ti ees of s l es ha i ed r nt e ks oeci d r i s o n he s ntr t t m i hehasbe appoi e t r pr s nt ha cos e noco tt ina lne. he nor en nt d o e e e , s r s d nsiuto l i Thec tas fndst tet rEdwa dswasno a tng unde c orofsa e1w or our lo i ha ihe r t ci r ol tt a , a t r tve y, ha he i a ol el i m une f om s tf hi c uc asguar a ad lt m .The le na i l t t s bs ut y m r ui or s ond t di n ie U nied St t s Supr m e Cour ha f und t ta publc de e ri nota s a e a t rbe a e hi t ae e t so ha i f nde s t t c o c us s s ngul raleg a e i t hi c i nt no t t sa e t te pl hi . k Cnt v.Dods 45 i a l i nc s o s le , t o he t t ha m oys m Pol v. on, 4 U. 31 31 -25(981 .A numbe ofcoursha rc z t tac l sguadinadltm i S. 2, 7 1 ) r t ve e ognied ha hid' r a ie s c os l a ogous t a publc de e rbe us hi r pons biii a e t t c l no t sa e. l e y nal o i f nde ca e s es i ltes r o he hid, t he t t Thos c rsha co uded, he ef r t ta g r a ad lt m i no asa ea t f pu pos s e ou t ve ncl t r o e, ha ua din ie s t tt c or or r e ofj 1 3. eKite v.Rai y,326F. 1 8,1 -96( h Ci.2003) M e ke v. rhe , 98 Se rly ne 3d 08 092 9t r ; e r Kec r 78 F. 1 1 (1 t Ci.1 6) Snvde v.Tabo,836F. 2 2d 53, 55 0h r 98 ; r l t Supp.19,2 ( M e 1 . 4 D. . 993) I ThomasS.v. or w, F. 367,3 -79(t Ci.1 ,t FourhCic tf n M m 781 2d 78 4h r 986) he t rui ound t tt g r a ofawar oft sa ewa a tngunde c o o sat lw. ButTho a S.s ha he ua din d he tt s ci r olr f t e a m s i i ppost be a et g r a t r i doubt...( dlc t ofhi wad,' t f l na ie c us he uadin hee t no ha usody s r 'had he ul r ng ofpowe spos i ef a g r a ofawa d oft sa e a hadwor i tnde wih a e r sbl or ua din r he tt , nd ked n a m t saeofi asrgadi t wa d' teame a pl e nt.#. l co r tM s Seda has tt tcil e r ng he r s r t nt nd ac me s J n ntas, . r h cus od oft Se da 'm i r c l m a s m os c c f t chid,a Edw a ds r e a a t y he r hs no hid, ke t hoi es or he l nd r ' ol s guar a ad lt m i es e i ly t tofa a di n ie s s ntal ha n dvocae.The e i nobasst e endt lmie t r s i o xt he i t d hol ng o Tho a S. eltng t t gua di o a wa d oft sat t agua din ad ltm whos di f m s r a i o he r an f r he t e o r a ie e r e i sm pl t a ol s i y o dvoca e. t Ale na i l i Edw a ds wer f m d t be a s a e a t , woul be e il d t abs ut t r tve y, f r e ot o t t c or he d ntte o ol e i mmuniyfom j1 cl msf d i pef medwihi t c i sofhi r easag r a t r 983 ai or utes ror t n he onfne s ol uadin adltm.Se Flmi v.As l,42F. 88 889( hCi.1 (i ni (heg r a ad ie e e nq bil 3d 6, 4t r 994) ç Eve f t uadin ltmjle t t j i openc ts wa sila tnga t guadin,a i i mefom ie id o he udge n our, he s tl ci s he r a nd s mmt r j1 la lt ';Smihv. t 7: v11 200 U. Dit LEXI 76087,a *1 ( . Va 983 ibiiy.) t Smih, 07c 7, 7 S. s. ' S t 9 W D. . Oc.1 2007 .Thi i t 2, ) s mmuniywoul e e t 'uncinss ha t tf ngi c t t d xtnd o t to uc s esiyi n our, f pr e utng c t ornegl c pe ii ,a m a ng r por sa r c m e tonst t co t os c i us ody e t ttons nd ki e t nd e om nda i o he ur i whi h t gua di n ac s a a ac ua f tona y ora oft c t notonl i sa usor n c he r a t s n t l unc i r nn he our , y n tt de nai buti raiy. Gar v. ron,874F. 1 ,1 nomi ton n e lt ' dner Pa s ' 2d 31 44-46(d Ci.1 .Bec us 3 r 989) a e M r Se da s c ai s a i tEdw a ds a 1a i e ou ofhi c e f tons a a gua di n a lt m ,i . r h' l m ga ns r 1 rs t s or unc i s r a d ie f hewe efundt beasat a t f t t olrofsaelw'rquie ntofj1 3,hewo d, r o o t e cor or he i o tt a ' e r me c 98 ul neve t l s ,ha abs ut i m uniy. rhe e s ve ol e m t Acc di y,t c tfndst tEdwar i e ildt s or ngl he our i ha ds s ntte o ummayj me ast M r r udg nt o . Seda sj 1 cl ms r h' 983 ai . 1 1 M r Se dah' j 1 Cli Agai tM s Se 1. . r s 983 am ns . rdah Ms Sed has mo e frs mmayj d me t st Mr Sed h' j1 8 cam ta s e . r a lo v s o u r u g n a o . r a s 9 3 li h t h fl d a f l e af i vi i co c i wih he a i to f t Oc obe 28, 0 pr e tve ie a s f da t n nne ton t r pplca i n or he t r 201 ot c i ha r s t t t , . r s om a nt ovi or r7 A s um i ar ndo t tEdwa dsw a a s a e ac or M r Se dah' c pl i pr desno de . s ng gue m or t n a co l or a l ga i t tEdw a dsa M s Se da c pi e t t l t a l ge y e ha nc us y le ton ha r nd . r h ons r d o i e he le dl f s a fda t a aconcus y aleg ton i e ild t no defr nc i t f c ofac lc i ale fi vi, nd l or l a i s ntte o e e e n he a e onfitng afi vi. H e e, w a ds afi vi de e a i vol e w ha s ver Cons que l i i f da t r Ed r ' fda t ni s ny n vem nt t oe . e nty, t s unc r c ed t tt r wasneihe t c e tofac i r qui e f c piac Sm ih v. ontadi t ha he e t r he onc r ton e r d or ons r y, t M c rhv,349Fe App' 851 858( hCi. ca t d. x , 4t r 2009)( t ce s y ee ntofac pia y' One t sm' lme ne ons rc ' unde j 1 i E me tngoft mi a r 983 s $ ei a he nds mongt g lge co piaor)t vi aet rght of he ale d ns r t s o olt he i s g p anit.)n rsaea to t stsytet oo o saelw'rq ie n o j1 8 . e a lit l', o tt cin o aif h s lr f tt a ' e ur me t f 9 3 S e f ' c W es v. ki ,487U. 42,49( 988)Ct'eta to ldei tonofa tngunderc orofsae t At ns S. 1 -h rdiina fnii f ci ol tt 7M s Sedah, . r who alo i pr e ngpr s ,ado edEdwa ds %motont dim is. A lhough Ed a dsha onl a s s oce di o e pt r 'i i o s s ' t ' w r d y mo infrs mmayj d me t e ig ii c ne t l ce rh tsewa se igafv rbl r l gho v r to o u r u g n p ndn ,ts o txual la ta h s e kn a oa e ui we e y n de i t d. nom na e lw rquiest tt dee nti ajl acinha e riedpowe pose s dbyvit of a e r ha he fnda n 983 to ve xecs r ss e rue s a e l w a m a pos i e onl bec us t w r t t a nd de sbl y a e he ongd ri c ot w ih t a hort ofs a e oe s l hed t he ut iy t t lw.'(nt na quotto maksa cttonomitd) Acc di y,hec tg a sM s a ' i er l ain r nd iai ) te . or ngl t our r nt . Se da sm o i r h' ton. I M r.Se V. rdah' j 1 Cl ms s 985 ai M r Ser h a s a l es i a c us y m a rt thi f m erw ie a Ed a ds . da l o leg n oncl or nne ha s or f nd w r c n pr da ans h m i v oaino j1 8 .Th t e to h scvl ih smo rn st taei1 o s ie g i t i n i lto f 9 5 a s cin a iirg t o i g ha r 1 s t d t dr ggi i e f der lc to uie o a ng nt e a our pposng f ctons i dom esi di put - whe he t y be i a i n tc s es t r he fr e s o m r pous s org r a ad lt . l pr c i , n r l va pa t c piac est obs r t e ua di ns iem t os rbes i e e nt r , ons r i o tuc wines fo t tf ng,s e42U. C.j 1 ( ( ) a ce t nc piacest d prve t ses rm esiyi e S. 9852) 2006 , nd rai ons r i o e i i dvd aso tee ua e j y n o rg t s c rdb lw, e 4 U. C. 1 8 ( )(0 6 . n iiu l f h q l no me t f ihs e u e y a s e 2 S. j 9 5 3 2 0 )To esabihacai unde j 1 apl ntf ( ts a a e me torame tngoft mi by t ls l m r 985, ai if T mus how n gre n ei he nds (he dee nt t vi aet ( ai ifs c tt i lrght. Si t l fnda s o olt he pl ntf') onsiutona i s' mmonsv.Poe 47F. 1 ' , 3d 370, 1 7 ( t Ci. 99 ) TheCo r o Ap asf r h Fo rhCic i h sç p cfc l rj ce 3 6 4h r 1 5 . u t f pe l o t e u t rut a t e iial ee td s y s c i 1 c ai s whe ve t pup ore c pia y i ale i a m e e conc us y m a r e ton 985 l m ne r he t d ons r c s l ged n r l or nne , i t a e e ofconc e e s n he bs nc r t uppori f c s ' 1 ;s e a s A Soc' W ihoutaN a e v. igi a, tng a t . d. e l o ' v t m V r ni 1 1 2011W L 3690000,a *3( hCi.Au 24,2011.Hee,Sedah' algai ag ns 0- 437, t 4t r g. ) r r s le tons ai t hi f me wieandhi mi s sg r a adltm a sri vi ai ofj1 5aenotonl s or r f s nor on' uadin ie se tng oltons 98 r y c us y butrng e pec a l holow und t c r um s a esdi c os by Edw a ds oncl or i s i ly l er he i c t nc s l ed r ' unc r di t d afi vi t the pe c i a phys c lt r taga ns t Ser hs m i s a onta c e fda t ha r e ved i a h ea i t he da ' nor on nd a t d a c di y. Cons que l t c ur gr nt t de e nt m otonsf s m a y c e c or ngl e nty, he o t a s he f nda s' i or um r j d me t u g n. V .M r.Ser dah' C l m s f l e i s ai or nt ntonalI c i ofEm otonalD i t e s nni ton i sr s M r Se da a s r s i en i . r h s e t nt tonali lc i n ofe o i ldit e scl i s a i thi f m e nfi to m tona s r s a m ga ns s or r w ie a Ed a ds H o e r t a fda tEdw a ds s it d i s f nd w r . w ve , he f i vi r ubm te n uppor ofhi m o i f t s ton or s mmayj d me ts o tecamst b fioo s a dt ec u t r n sd fn ns moin u r u g n h ws h li o e rv lu , n h o r g a t ee da t' to s f rs mmayj g n . o u r ud me t To e t bls ac am f i en i i lc i ofe i ldite s M r Se da mus sa ih l i or nt tonal nfiton motona sr s , . r h t s w t tt he w r ho ha s t ongdoe ' co uc i i en i lorr kl s t c r s nd t s nt tona ec es ' he onduc i ou r geo a , t s t a us nd i ol r bl t alege w r ulc nt e a e; he l d ongf onduc a e otona di tes a e ca a l c m e e a t t nd m i l sr s r us ly ol ct d; nd, he dites i sve e'Rus ov.W hie 241Va. 26( 991.W ihr r t t c sr s s e r .' s t, 23, 1 ) t egad o he onduc t r quie e t m er t tous ore n c i i i en i i uf i i nt I a 27. Ra he , he c e r m n , e or i ve r m nal nt t s ns f c e . d. t t r t onduc t mus ha be n t o outa ousi c r c e ,a s e r m ei de ee a t go be t ve e t s r ge n ha a t r nd o xte n gr , s o yond a1 l pos i ebol ofde e y,a t ber ga dedasa r i ,a utery i olr bl i acviied sbl mds c nc nd o e r tocous nd t l nt e a e n i lz c ommuniy. l ( i Rettme ( ond)ofTorsj46( 965). t ' d. quotng sae nt Sec ' t 1 ) Ed r ' fi a i i s p o t fhsmoinf rsl r j dg n i ao es fiin t wads atd vt n u p r o i t o l o mmay u me t s ln u tce to j siys mmayj dg n i ted fn a t' a o .Atami mu i d mo tae ta Ed r s u tf u r u me t n h ee d n s fv r ni m,t e nsrts h t wa d a tdi a o j cieyra o bemame i s e igap oe tv o d r I i a imai ta a ce n n b e t l e s na l r r n e kn r tci e r e . t s xo tc h t v g a da a l e wh a t i a o j cieyr a o a l ma n r op oe t h mi o wh s u r in d i m o cs n n be tv l e s n be n e t r tc t e n r o e t i e es she hasbee a nt d t pr e tdoesnot t r nt r t n ppoi e o ot c , he eby,c m i t t toft nt ntona om t he or t e i l i i l c i ofe otonaldi tes .' Si ia l t a l ga i M s Se da m a w he s a s nti ton m i s r s ' m l ry, he le tons . r h de n he l o s ough a pr ec i or ron hero n be fo Od o r28, 0, e r lda afe Edw a dsha t ot tve de w hal n be 201 s ve a ys t r r d s pa a e y s c ed a pr t c i or r a e i a 1m a e i lr pe t c e i t na ur ofM r e r t l e ur o e tve de , r n l t r a es c s onc m ng he t e . Se da st e t , he s r h' hr a s t mne a t ale t o Edw a dsm a a t ri er e i t Se da 's s he l ga i ns r de f e nt vi w ng he r hs on. There i not ng t r ot y s s hi hat em el ugges st s di notbeleve t M r Ser had m adet . t hat he d i hat . dah hem A ta m i m u ,he c ni m r onduc w a no outa ous wihi t pur i w oft t toft nt nto t s t r ge t n he v e he or t e i nal i i lci no e to a dsrs . Ac o dn l,hec u t le trs mmayj d me t o nfito f mo in l ite s' c r igy t o r wi ne u r u g n fr ' l de e an sast t tc ai .8 f nd t o ha l m VI. Bas d on s antf t a c us r a l a i , r Se da s f m e wie a t r s s e c ac s nd oncl o y leg tons M . r h' or r f nd hei on' gua di n ad lt m ha be n f ce i o f r lcou tt de e t rco r a ie ve e or d nt ede a r o f nd hei nduc durng s a e c t t i t t our pr e di oc e ngs. Fe r c ti nota a t r tve f m t r i e c a m s a pa t hase t rf ie t de al our s n le na i onl o a s l i ry ihe a l d o pr s ntOrl ti a sat cour pr e ng,9and i m os c r a nl i no pl c t f c a f m e ee os n t e t oce di t t e ti y s a e o or e or r s pous t s tl a unf ni he dom es i di put Thi ca e ha a1 t halm ar ofbei no hi e o e te n i s d tc s e. s s s 1 he l ks ng t ng mo eta ta .Fo ter a o ssae a o e t ec u t n ess mmayj dg n frd f n a t. r h n h t r h e s n ttd b v ,h o r e tr u r u me t o ee d n s 7 Ent A ugus 30,2011. er: t UW TED STATES DI CT J STRI UDGE 8Thecou talonoest tlale, m iladi ordefm aor comm uniai ,ev i publs w ihm alcous r s t ha t s f se ng, a ty c tons en f ihed t ii itn, r n tato a ei t yaemaeilo a ma ei t c u s o, u ca o q ai u iil rc e ig' ne tae o cin bl fhe r tra t, nd d n he o re fajdiil r u s- dca po e dn . j ' Lo k e dl o Ma . vs Co. Ma mu .n .2 9Va 9 ,1 (0 0.Co niain ma ei a afd vt c h e nf. mtS . v. xi s lc, 5 . 2 01 2 0 ) mmu c to s d n n fia i aeI e s n tato a ei teafd vta dtep o e dn aei e aa l;..te c nth asn l j iil r i wie o cin bl f h fia i n h r ce ig r nsp rbe ie,h y o side ige udca k pr ee ng,a t a fda tsc muni to a eGpe tne a m ae i t t is 'oft ca e. oc di nd he fi vi' om cains r t ri nt nd tral o he sue' he s Dono Co t hue ns. Co v Mo n Ven nAso s, 3 Va 5 , 3 - 9(98 ) Li te v Os on 1 2Va 1 , ( 9 ) Vigna . . u t r o s c a2 5 . 31 5 8 3 1 8. e n r . b r, 4 . 9 24 125. rii , Co ej 1 12 3r q ie t a amo i n frap oe tv o d r E u p re b a atda i o b s r tsi n i d 6.- 5 e u r s h t to o r t cie r e be ç p o td y n fi v t r y wo n e tmo y n s p ro b fr tejd eo itk o fcn' Asted fn a t' fia i weerq rdt sc r tep oe tv ode, es n eoe h u g r na e fie ' h ee d ns afd vt r e uie o e ue h r tcie r r s t a fda t a t r pe i pr e ngswe ei e rbl;tus comm unia i m adei t eafda t ar he fi vis nd he es ctve oce di r ns paa e h , c tons n hos fi vis e nota tona e. ci bl 9TheRook - dma docrnealo lkel ba ss i no a1ofMr Se da scl m s Cl ry,M r Sedahi erFel n ti s i y r ome f t l . r h' ai . eal . r s chalngi t saeco t'de sons H ealeg t tEdwadsus t i i l ei t Roa keCouny c t t le ng he tt urs cii . l es ha r ed t s nfuenc n he no h t ours o o ti a o d rpo iiigteplitf fo h vn c na t t hss n'( . mpla !9. Th c u t o t ban n r e rhbtn h anif r m a ig o tc wih i o . PlCo . t ) e o rs fhe ' Commo nweat ofVigi aa er ponsbl f t rownor r,nott i vi lltga sort i c e t lh r ni r es i e or hei de s he ndi dua ii nt her ouns l hat a p a b fr te Un e t Ro k rFed nd crn ,e ea dsrc c u td n t a esbe t te p er eoe h m. d rhe o e- lma otie fd rl itit o rs o o h v u j c matr j rs it t h a t ae b o g t ysaec m'lsr c mpann o ijre c u e b saec utu g ns u idci o e rt ss r u h b tt-o to es o liig f nuis a s d y tt-o rj d met on c rn ee b fr tedsrc c u t r ce i sc rme c da divt gdsrc c u te iw a drj cino to e e d rd eoe h itit o r p o e dng on n e n n ii itit o r rve n ee to fh s n j d me t. Ex o Mo iCo p v. a d Bai ld s Cop, 4 U. 28 28 (0 5 .Ev ntifh saec ut u g ns' x n bl r . S u i sc n u . r .5 4 S. 0, 4 2 0 ) e tl te tt-o r ' l d cso wa wr n ,t a (o s n tma etej d me t od b t rl o e t rv ra o mo fc t ni a e iin s o g t t d el o k h u g n v i, u meey p n o e es l r di ai n n h i o a po raea dtmeya p l t p o e dn ' l ( u tn Ro ke v Fiei TnltCo.2 3U.. 3 41 (9 3 p rpit n i l p el e r c e ig.'d.q oig o r . d l' s , 6 S 41 , 5 1 2 :. a ' t v M r Se da esen i l a kno l d a or agum e t thew a c l ngt sat c tsde sonsbec us . r h s taly c w edge t al r nt ha s halengi he t e our' cii a e t y we ealeg y ba edon f s evi es itdby Edwa dsa M s Se da Theve f s h ac le he r l edl s ale denc ubm te r nd . r h. nue or uc halnge i t c tha rndeedt de so ort ap opraesaeappel ec t s he our t t e r he ciin he pr it t t lat our.

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.