-RSB Martin v. Mathena et al, No. 7:2011cv00010 - Document 37 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 01/09/2012. (kab)

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CL SOFFI U. Dl COURT ERK' CE S. sm T M NVI , VA Fl I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT FO R TH E W E ST ER N DI STRI T O F V I G I A C R NI R O A N O K E D I ISIO N V JJI!' Z A D JU BY: VI STO N SH YR O CK M A R TI , N Pl nt f , ai i f By: LE M EM O M N D UM O PIN IO N R. M ATH ENA,etaI, C. . D ef endant s. , c Ci lA c i No.7: c 00010 vi t on 11- v- V. Du . DEP H on.Jac on L.Ki e ks sr Se or U ni e St t s Di t c Judge ni t d a e s ri t V i t Shyr k M a tn, Vi gi a i a e pr ee ng pr K ,fl a ci lr g s c pl nt s on oc r i a r ni nm t oc di o ied vi i ht om ai p rua tt 42U. C. 1 8 wi j rs ito v se i 2 U. C, 1 4 Plitf n me a te us n o S. j 9 3 t u idcin e td n 8 S. j 3 3. anif a s s h h c r ctonaldef nt R . M a hena W a de ofKee M ou a n Cor e i or e i enda s C. t , r n n nt i r ctonalCe e nt r (d CC',a Frd Sc li t He lhSewi sDiecoroft Vigi aDe t ntof t KM ' nd e hilng,he at l ce r t ) he r ni parme Co rcin (t re to s i VDOC' a dna sa t eme ia d fn a t Mr W htd, r gsee n re a d ' n me s h dc l ee d n s . ie a e itr d u s , n ) Le tr al e s dp a tc ln reC$ '.Plitf alg st a t d fn a t we ed lb rtl se , i n e r cia u s LPN' an if l e h the e e d n s r ei eaey c ) e i f e e t a s rousm e c lne d, n vi a i n oft Ei ht Am e m e oft U nie St t ndif r nt o e i di a e i ol t o he g h nd nt he t d a es Co t u in.Thed f n a t fldmoinst ds s a df rs nsi to t ee d n s ie to o imis n o ummayj d me t a p an if r u g n , nd litf r ponde m a ng t m a t rr pe f di pos ton. A fe r vi w i t r co d,1g an es d, ki he te i or s ii t r e e ng he e r r t def nda s di pos tve m otons a s r ke t ca e f om t a tve doc t e nt ' s ii i nd ti he s ' he c i r ke . The r or r vea st f l i f d s i a lg m o e f vor bl t pl ntf . Pr o t ec d e l he olow ng a n i ht r a a e o ai i f i r o M a ch 30,201 i a e a KM CC coul a r 0, nm t s t d ppea a t medialpilcalwi r t he c l- l ndow la sgn u f r nd i p o am e c la nt nt cal d atsc c l't bee l t d f a il s . M a he i tt e a di a ppoi me , le iik al, o ' vaua e or n lne s t na ns iut d polc asofM a c 30, 0, ha i a esco d notr ques a s c c l a t pil c l w i iy rh 201 t t nm t ul e t i k a l t he l- a l ndow but i t a m us de i a sc c lr que tf m i a dr box l t out i t di ng ha lbe or ns e d t pos t i k- al e s or n op oca ed sde he ni l f e br a as.l t a e notpe mit t l vet i housng a e st go t t de i bo wiho e kf t nma es r r ted o ea her i ra o o he post x t ut pr ora ovalvi a m edi la nt e pa s t i pas ,o m a t rpa s i ppr a ca ppoi m nt s , r p s r s e s . OnM a 31, 0,pl ntf e re dSr ewih ( s at 'a fld asc c l y 201 ai if xpeince t oubl t hi) shma' nd ie ik al t r ques i t dr p box outi t di ng hal Pl i ifnot i t r ques t thewoul bei e t n he o sde he ni l. antf ed n he e t ha d n t 1w lbr r bewee 9: a 1 45 a. .Pl ntf r t nedt hi housngt tby 11: a. . he a i a y t n 30 nd 0: m ai if eur o s i mi 00 m , buts a fdi nots m on hi t t m e c de r m e f rhi s c ca l tf d um m o he di al pa t nt o s i k l. On J 1 201 saf r t ne pli tf sc c lr s wih anot s yi t thedi une , 0, t f eur d a n ifs ik al eque t t e a ng ha d nots how up f hi sc c l a nt e a c d r fl a sc calr ques i hesilnee dt or s ik a l ppoi m nt nd oul e ie ik l e t f tl de o be e l td.Pl i iffld a i or a gre nc t ne da t compl n t tm e c lsa fdi vauae antf ie n nf m l i va e he xt y o ai ha di a tf d nots r h f hi a t 1 lbr r ea c or m t he aw i a y. On J 2, 1 pl ntf fl d a s c sck c l r ques.M edialsaf c le f hi a une 201 , ai if ie e ond i a l e t c t f a ld or m t 140 p, .and c r cto lofier es re hi t t media de rm e .LPN Le trs w : m , ore i na fc s co td m o he c l pa t nt se a pli tf butt d hi t ts wo d notte thi a t r t n t ne m or ng.Core tona a n if ol m ha he ul r a m nd o eur he xt ni rci l ofk e se c t pl i ifbac t hi ho i a e La e t te ng, antf r eve hi sck t r s ored antf k o s usng r a. t r ha veni pl i if ec i d s i c l r ques fom t tm o ni t ts dhef ie t s a l e t r ha r ng ha ai a ld o how u f hi medi la nt e . p or s ca ppoi m nt On J 3,201 pl i iff l d hi t r s c c lr une 0, a ntf ie s hid i k al eque t s atng t the w a e re i s , t i ha s xpe i nc ng t obl wih r s a t ' Laert te ni pli ifrc vedNureW hie sr s ns t t ems t hij shma. t ha ve ng, antf e ei pr ' s td' epo e o hi J 1 201 i or c ai .NureW hie t dpl ntf,tl e polc youaet sa s une , 0,nf mal ompl nt s td ol ai if tplr iy r o ty i yourhous ng uni untlc l f ori i c i r d a no s .l you a e ha ng pr e s o n i t i aled or t s ons de e how f r vi obl m r c r rpo tt me c sc c l a sa i youljc luntlcald f .Tha i y oncens e r o dial ik al nd ty n r el i le or t s our rs nsbiiy. ( .sEx.C. epo i lt ' P1' ' ) 1The pilca lwi l- l ndow i whe e i a esque t r ei t i va i medi tons. s r nm t ue o ec ve he r rous ca i On J 4, 0, antf r c ve ar s et hi t r sc c lr que t t li hi une 201 pli if e ei d e pons o s hid i k al e s , elng m t the' tdr t srqueti ghe orng bo outi o c haldurngcho tmei t ha s mus op hi e s n t l a e x sde f how l i w i n he g r ngj l you f lyou aeha nga e r nc rques a e r nc g iva ef m. mo ni . f ee r vi n mege y, e t n mege y re nc or ' ' ( .sEx. ) P1' F. K M CC w e o l kdo n on J 7,201 a i a esw e e no a l e t l a t i nt n oc w une 0, nd nm t r t low d o e ve he r housng unisun i J 1 201 i t tl une 6, 0.De piet l ckdo pl i iffld hi f rh sc cal s t he o wn, antf ie s ou t ik l compl ni t thast en e re ng a t ac ai ng ha t be xpe inci shm omplcai . Nur eW hie ha t sc c l i tons' ' s t d d he ik al r ques r t nedt pl i ifbec us hedi notputi i t d op bo at e t eur o antf a e d t n he r x, lhough pl i ifc d not antf oul l ve hi housng ar a and w a f d i hi c l. ea s i e s e n s el On J 1 201 pl i iff l a r gul r g i nc t W a de M a he c pl i ng une 5, 0, a nt f ied e a reva e o r n t na, om a ni a boutha ng t fl f s c c l r ues sa a s r i t tt l ck ofm edi lt e t e vi o ie our i k a l eq t nd s e tng ha he a ca r a m nt c tt t a vi ai oft Ei ht Ame e .On J 1 201 pli ifexpe i e a onsiu ed ol ton he g h ndm nt une 6, 0, antf renc d n at shma a t k a wasr he t t m e c de rm e .A nur e e m i pli if de e m i d tac nd us d o he dial pa t nt s xa ned a ntf, t r ne heha a upperr s r t y i ec i a i se e abr ahi te t e ,is d a i hae , nd d n e pia or nf ton, dm nitr d e t ng r am nt sue n n lr a pr c i d a antbi i a l of n. es rbe n i otc nd bupr e M ahe r ponde t t r ul rg iva eon J y 1 201 fndi t gre nc t na es d o he eg a re nc ul 9, 0, i ng he iva e unf ounde a sng pl ntf t the s ul fl a e e ge y g iva e i hee re e a d, dvii ai if ha ho d ie n m r nc re nc f xpe i nc s n at shma at c a i t m us r m an i t i ho i unisuntlm e c lsa fcalt i ae ta k, nd l es t e i n he r usng t i di a t f l he nm t una f a sc c l a or i k a l ppoi m e . Pl i i funs e s uly a al d M a he sr po e t de e nt nt nt a ntf ucc s f l ppe e t na' es ns o f nda Sc li a g ng t tKM CC pole doe no r quiea i a tt sa i hi ho i a e whe hilng, r ui ha i y s t e r n nm t o t y n s usng r a n hi s ck cal r si l eques i pendi . ts ng l 1. PLAI FF FAI TO STATE A CLAI A GAI THE M EDI DEFENDANTS. XTI LS M NST CAL The m e c lde e di a f ndant fl d a m oton t di m i s 1m us di m i sany a ton orc a m s ie i o s s. t s s ci li fl b a i a e i Ide er i t t a ton orc a m i f i ousorf ist s a e a c a m on ied y n nm t f t m ne hat he c i l i s r vol al o t t l i whihrle ma begrntd.Se 28U. C.jj1 5()2) 1 A( ( ) 42U. C.j1 c eif y a e e S. 91 e( , 915 b)1 ; S. 997e() c. Thefr tsa r i l sc am sba ed upon t n i s a y m e il sl lt ol 't am sof is t nda d ncude l i s d ndiput bl rtes ega he y ' d i a cl i rnge e ofa l li t e twhi h c e z y doe no e s , orc a m s whe e t i a t l nf i m nt ega n er s c la l s t xi t' l i ' r he l c ua f contntonsaecl rybas e s' Netkev.W ila , U. 31 327 ( 989 .Thes c e i r eal els . iz ' lims 490 S. 9, 1 ) e ond sanda d i t f mii rsa r f am oton t dim isunde Fe r lRul ofCi lPr e e t r s he a la tnda d or i o s s r de a e vi oc dur 1 ( )6 , c e tn apli ifsfcua alg to sa tu .A c mpan n e sE s o t n p an 2 b ( ) a c p ig antf a t l l ain s r e o lit e d $ h r a d li e a sae n oft cam s ngt tt plade i e ildt r i ' nd s fcenttrj t l ttme t he li howi ha he e r s ntte o elef a ufii tfacua ale tons.. t r iea rghtt r i abovet s c a i l ve .... Bel At.Cop .v. lga i . o as i o elef he pe ultve e l ' ' l l Two l , 5 U.. 4 5 5( 0 7 (nena q o ainmak o te ) A panifsb ssf r mb y 5 0 S 5 4, 5 2 0 ) itr l u tto r s mitd . li tf a i o r le t eq r s m or t n l be sa c l i ns . . l The e or a pl ntf m us t leg e i f t uie r e ha a l nd onc us o . . ' d. ' r f e, ai if tt l e a fcss fcintt saea1t elme sof(he)cai ' Ba sv. 1 DupontdeNe r & Co. a t ufi e o tt l he e nt t l m. s E.. ' mou s , 324F. 761,7 ( hCi.2003) 3d 65 4t r . D e e m i ng w he he a c pl i s a e apl us bl c a m f r r le i ta c e - pe i i t r ni t r om a nt t t s a i e l i o e i f s ( ont xt s c fc ts t a r q ie t rviwigc u t od a o isj d ca e p re c a d c mmo sns . ak h t e ur s he e e n o r t r w n t u iil x e in e n o n e e' ' As c o t . q a, 5 U. 6 2, ,1 9S. . 9 7 1 5 ( 0 9 .Th , c u t ce nn a h r f v l b l 5 6 S. 6 2 Ct 1 3 , 9 0 2 0 ) us a o r s r e ig c antunde Rul 1 b)6)c ni ntf pla ngst taenote ildt a asumptonof ompli r e 2( ( a de iy e di ha r ntte o n s i t h because t consi ofno m or t l s and cond usi . J , Al rut hey st e han abel ons . é t hllbeal houg i rly constue pr y.qc r o . ompli s Hanesv. r er 404U. 51 520- ( 97 , donota ta t ant, i Ke n , S. 9, 21 1 2) l c s he i t sa nma e' dvoc e,s s nt de l pi sa u or and c tt i lcai st i ae f ie t at ua po e ve o ng tt t y onsiutona l m he nm t ald o ce l rieont f eoft co ant lary as he ac he mpli .SeeBr kv. rol,l F. 241 243( h Ci. oc Car l 07 3d , 4t r 1 ( tg,J,c lrng) Bea t v. t ofHa on,77 F. 1 997) Luti . onctri ; udet Ciy mpt 5 2d 274,1 ( hCi.1 . 278 4t r 985) Seeas Ggr v. ke,574F. 11 11 ( hCi.1 (ec zi t tadititc t lo don Lee 2d 47, 51 4t r 978) r ogni ng ha src our i note c e t a s e t r e ofa s xpe t d o s um he ol dvoc t f a pr j plitf) a e or o q anit. - To sat acam u rj1983,apl ntf mus algeQt vi ai ofarghts c e by t e li nde ai if t le û olton he i e urd t Cons iu i n a l soft U nie St t s a m us s he tt t o nd aw he t d a e , nd t how t tt a l ge de i ton was ha he le d pr va i c ommitdbyapes a tngunde c orofsael ' W e tv. ki ,487U. 42,48( 988) te ron ci r ol tt am ' s At ns S. 1 . A pli tf m us s w t tadef nta t d wih de i r t i fe e et as ro m e c a n if t ho ha enda c e t lbe a e ndif r nc o e i us dial ne t s a e a cl i unde t Ei ht Am e e f t uncons iutona deni ofm e c l ed o t t am r he g h ndm nt or he tt i l al di a asitnce Eselev.Gmnbl 429U. 97,1 ( 976) lbe aei fee erquie apublc ssa . t l e, S. 04 1 .Dei r t ndifrnc e rs i of i i lt ha bee pe s l awar off c si c tng a s t ntalr s ofs r ousha m ,a fc a o ve n r onaly e a t ndi a i ubs a i i k ei r nd t of i i lm us have ac ualy r ogni d t e s e e ofs h a r s Fa m e v.Br na 511 he f c a t t l ec ze he xi t nc uc i k. r r en n, U. 825,838( 994) lDelbeaei fee ma bede tae byet racuali e tor S. 1 . i i rt ndifrnce y monsrtd ihe t ntn r kl sdir a d. M iterv. or 896F. 848,851( hCi.1 .Se Pars e r lLe ec es seg r ' li Be n, ' 2d 4t r 990) e rih x e. e v.Clvea 372F. 294,303(t Ci. e lnd, 3d 4h r 2004)(çT) e de mus s t tt ofiili tL he vi nce t how ha he fca n q e to s b e tv l r c g z dta h sa o swee( a p o raei l h o ta rs .'. u si n u j ciey e o nie h t i din r i p r p it n i t f h t ik'' n g ) de e nta sr c es l b dir ga di as t n i lrs ofda rt ti et rkno t t f nda ct e kl sy y s e r ng ubsa ta ik nge ha s ihe wn o he de e ntorwhih woul bea r ntt ar as bl pe s i t def nda ' posto .'' f nda c d ppa e o e ona e r on n he e nts ii n M it e ,896 F. d a 851- A hea t c r pr de m a be de i < t y i f e e w he t li r 2 t 52. lh a e ovi r y lbe a el ndif r nt n he t e t e pr vi i s g os l i om pe e ,i de e, exc s ve a t s k t c c e e r a m nt o ded s o r sy nc t nt na quat or es i s o hoc he ons i nc ori i olr bl t f me a f r s LL a 8 s nt e a e o unda ntl aines. I t 51. Cli ofme c lmal a tc a negi ntdignossaeno cog za ei aj1 ams dia prcie nd lge a i r t ni bl n 983 pt ee ng.I a 1 06.Se Sosbe v. urhy,797F. 1 181( hCi.1 ) J on oc di d. t 05e e e M p 2d 79, 4t r 986 ; ohns v.Oui ,1 F. 1 1 69(t Ci.1 )( i t tteai doco smus a t l nones 45 3d 64, 68- 4h r 998 notng ha r tng tr t cualy dr w t i e e e t ta i a e' s pt s s gniy t pr e ofa pa tc a c ton a a he nf r nc ha n nm t s ym om i f he es nce ri ul r ondii nd t ta f l e t dr w s h a i er nc m a pr s nta cl i f neglge e, nota cl i und ha aiur o a uc n nf e e y e e a m or i nc but am er t Ei hAme he ght ndmen) A prs rsdiagee ntwihme ca perome o t cols of t. ione' s r me t di l s r l ver he tre hi teame doesnotsaeaj 1 cai W rchtv.Coli ,7 F. 8 ,8 ( h Ci. s r t nt tt 983 l m. i lns 66 2d 41 49 4t r 1 ;Rus elv.Shefe ,5 F. 31 31 ( h Ci.1 ( ro im) A me e ne d 985) s l fr 28 2d 8, 9 4t r 975) pe ura . dial e s rous e ei nough t gi r s t a c tt i lcl i i vesa c ton t tpl e t i a e a o ve i e o ons iutona a m nvol ondii ha ac s he nm t t a s t nta r s ofs rousha m ,us ly l soflf orpe m a ntdi a lt o a c ton f ubs a i l i k ei r ua l os ie r ne s biiy, r ondii or whi h l k oftea m e pe pe ua e s r pa n. Sos be 797 F. a 1 1 83. c ac r t nt r t t s eve e i e e, 2d t 8 To s a e a uncons iutona m e c lt e t e c ai ag ns no m e c lpr s n tt n tt i l di a r a m nt l m ai t n- di a i o pe s nne , a ntf m us s w t ts h o t c a sw er pe s ly i vol d w ih a de a of r o l pl i if t ho ha uc fi i l e r ona l n ve t ni l t e t e ,de i r t l i e f r d w ih apr s doc or stea m e , t cil a hor z d orw e e r a m nt lbe a e y nt r e e t i on t ' r t nt or a ty ut i e r dei r t y i fe e t t prs physcan' m ic lbe ael ndifr nt o he ion i i s s onduc wher e a1 ype s woul t e ven a r on d unde sandt tt m e c c epr de i bengdelbe ae yi fe ent M ite ,8 F. a r t ha he dial ar ovi r s i i r t l ndif r . lir 96 2d t 85 Supevior prs ofiil aee ttedt r l ont pr f si l udgmen oftane 4. r s y ion fcas r nil o ey he o e sona j t ri d med c lpe s i a r onne . l Supe v s y la lt i no esabls m e e yby s wi t ta l d. r ior ibiiy s t t ihed r l ho ng ha s di t wasdelbe a ey i fe e t apli ifsme c lne 1 ubor nae i r t l ndif r nt o antf ' di a ed. d. Pl i if s f s c c l r ques s f l t i or LPN Lesera N ur e W hied t the a ntf our i k- a l e t aied o nf m t nd s t ha s f r d f om a s t nta rs ofs rousha be a e ofhi m e c lc ton. Pl ntf uf e e r ubs a i l i k ei nn c us s di a ondii ai i f wr e C ' satngt ha toubl wih myat 'i hi frtr ques'ç a e re elng! ot,t m tri o ve r e t l shma'n s is e t ( m xpe inc i ,1 pr e sw ih m y a t a ' n hi s co r q s ';la e r e ng pr em sw ih m y a t a ' obl m t s hm ' i s e nd e ue t t m xpe i nci , obl t shm ' i hi t r r n s hid eque t and E ha bee e r e i a t a com plc tons'i hi f t r ues . s' , t ve n xpe i nc ng s hm l i a i ' n s ourh eq t ( .sGre nce ( 1 1 3,5,7- ) LPN Lese r po dt t s c r ques,andNure Pl' iva s no. - ) 8. tr es nde o he e ond e t s W hied r ponde t t t r and f t r ue t .2 N ot ng i t s l tt e r ques si c t t es d o he hid ourh eq s s hi n he e as hr e e t ndi a e a s rousmedi lne d bec us pli tf onl ge r ly des rbe pr emsr l t t hi ny e i ca e a e a n if y ne al c i s obl e aed o s ch o c ashm a. A s hm a i co tons b t m s l do no s a e a s r ousm e c lne d. Se z ni t t tc ndii y he e ves t tt ei di a e e Bae v.Suli n, F.App' 425,428( h Ci. )(i ngnoEi hAme ts lva 6 x 7t r 2001 fndi ght ndme cli nt am w he pl ntf a l e onl t the w ass f rng br a hi pr e s w he he r que t d a n ai i f leg d y ha uf e i e t ng obl m n e s e nd d nidh sil lra dt t es f rds o te so b e t a he d c e ) Hil O' in, . e e i r e n ha h ufe e h rn s f r ah nd a a h s; lv. Bre No ha 7: -v08c 00283,2011W L 1 238038,a * ( . Va.Apr 4, 1 (i ngnoconsiui l t 7 W D. . 201 ) fndi tttona de i ton when a i a e r pe t dl as d f a i l r di notde c i a s rouss pt , prva i n nm t e a e y ke or n nha e , d s rbe e i ym om a wa de i ofa i lrf onl as ti l Harsv.Andes No.2: c 001 nd s prved n nhae or y hor tme ; ri ron, 07-v- 86, 2009W L 1 0446*4( D.Tenn.J 26,2009)(i ngno c tt i lcai whe t 85 E. une fndi onsiutona l m n he i t ddnoti o m me ca safhewa a t ly s frnganat at k) Bluntv. nmae i nfr di l tf s cual ufei shma tac ; o W ila , 7: c 00556,2007W L 951 a * ( . Va. a . 2007)(i ng lims No. 05-v555, t 9 W D. M r 23, fndi pli ifse e bat a t as pt s whih aleg y r quie hi t us hi i l rmor a ntf ' xac r ed shm ym om , c l edl e r d m o e s nha e e feque l weenots tce l s ro t saea Eiht Ame r nty, r ufi inty eius o tt n g h ndme vi ai ;Calsev. nt oltonl ril Goor No.9: c 00296,2007W L 2769566,a *1 1 ( D. Y. pt 21 2007)( anifs d, 03-vt 4- 5 N. N. Se . , plitf ashmacondii wa nots fcentys rousf pumos soft Ei hAmendmen) St ma t ton s ufii l ei or e he ght t; one n v. Thomps No.3: c 00 6,2005W L 3881 a *4( D. .Apr 1 2005)(çhe on, 03-v- 71 432, t E. 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Th c re to a d fn n stldamoin frs mmayj d me t A p ryi e t ldt e o r ci n l ee da t ie t o u r u g n . a t s ni e o o t s mmayj d l n tft p e dng ,h d so e ya dd s ls r mae il o fl, n a y u r u gne t s he la i s t e ic v r n ico u e tras n i a d n i e a fda t s fi vis how t tt ei no ge nei s ast a y m aera f c a t tt movanti ha her s nui s ue o n t il a t nd ha he s e il t j me a amatroflw.'Fe .R.Ci P.56()3 M aei f t aet e ntted o udg nt s te a ' d v. c . tral acs r hos ne s a y t es a ih t e e e s ofa pa t s c us ofa t o ce s r o t bls he l m nt ry' a e c i n.A nder on v.Li r v Lobbv,l . s be t nc , 477U. 242, ( 986) A ge neis ofmaeilfc e ssi,i viwi t rc da al S. 248 1 . nui s ue tra a t xit f n e ng he e or nd l r as bl i er nce d a n t e r i a lg m os f vor e t t non- ovi pa t a e ona e nf e s r w her f om n i ht t a abl o he m ng ry, ras bl fc-i rc drt naveditf t non- nt Jl Themovi paryhast e ona e a tfnde oul eur r c or he mova . -s t ng t he bur n ofs i - ç ha i , ntng outt t di t i tcour - t tt r i a a e of de how ng ç t s poi i t o he s rc t ha he e s n bs nce e de e t s vi nc o uppo tt nonm o ng pa t sc e. Ce ot x Cop . C a r t , U . 31 325 r he vi r y' as ' l e ' v. te t 477 S. 7, ( 986 .l t movants tsi t sbur n,t nt non- va mus s tf t s cfc, 1 ) f he aifes hi de he he mo nt t e orh pe ii a i s bl f c st tde ons r t t e s e e ofa ge ne i s off c f r ti . Fe R.Ci P. dm s i e a t ha m t a e he xi t nc nui s ue a t o ral d. v. 56( ;Ceotx, U. at322- A pa t i enildt sl r udg nti t rc dasa c) l e 477 S. 23. ry s tte o tmmayj me f he e or whol c d notl d ar tona tiroff c t fnd i f voroft non- ova . W ila v. e oul ea a i l re ato i n a he m nt li ms Grfi 95 F. 8 8 (t Ci.1 ) ifn, 2 2d 20, 23 4h r 991.Conves l s rey, ummar udgme i i ppr it i yj nt s na oprae f t e de i s f e e f a r s bl f c -i rt r t n a ve di i f he vi nce s uf i i nt or ea ona e a tt nde o e ur r d n avoroft no he nm ovi pa t Ande s 47 U . a 248. ng ry. r on, 7 S. t Eve i t r i nodiput ast t e de ir fcs s n f hee s s e o he vi ntay a t, ummayj me i as no r udg nt s lo t a o i t whe et uli a ef c ua c l i nst be d a a ei diput . O ver t eetv.K v. ppr m a e r he tm t a t l oncuso o r wn r n s e sr 3Thepa tesr ei d r s bl andexplctnotc t tt c tm a conve tam o i t dim ist tr eenc ri ec ve ea ona e ii ie ha he our y r ton o s s ha efr es matr o tiet pla ig it amoinfrsmmayj d me t nteClr is e at l Ro e r n tc . tes usd he e dn s no to o u r u g n whe h ek su d i y sboo oie me S eFe R. v. 1 ( ) Ros b r v Ga rs n, 28F.d 3 9 3l ( t Ci.1 7 ) e d. Ci P. 2 d ; e o o . rio 5 2 0 , 0 4 h r 9 5 . 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Sc tv.Ha s 55 U. 372,380( ) Furhemor apa t l a ce t a udg nt' ot ' ni, 0 S. 2007 . t r e, ry t nnot rae c ge neis ofm ae ilf c t ough m e es c ai n ort buidi ofonei e e eupon nui s ue tra a t hr r pe ul to he l ng nf r nc a o h r' Be l v. r y, 6 F.d 2 3 21 (t Ci. 98 ) Th rf r ,çmjr u s p re n t e . ae Had 7 9 2 1 , 4 4 h r 1 5 . e eo e t ee n u po td ' l s c lto . .sn t no g t d fa as mmayj d me t to ' En sv Na 'As ' o pe u ain . i o e u h o e e t u r u g n moina ni . tl sn f ' Bus & Educ. oal ,53F. 55,62( hCi.1 . A pli ifc nno rl onar pons . Radi nc. 3d 4t r 995) antf a t ey es e t amoi f s o ton or ummayj r udgme t a tasa a ndmen t c rc deii i i ac ant nt o c n me t o ore t fcences n ompli c le g db ad fn a tsmo inf rs haln e y e e d n ' to o ummayj dg n .S eGimo rv. ts M c n l & r u me t e l u Gae . Do ad Co.38 F. 1 2,1 ( 1hCi.2004)(C pli ifma notn , 2 3d 31 315 1 t r E antf y A mendhe co antt o h r mpli hrug agumen i ab ifo i s r t n re pposng ummayj r udgme .'' r a W hieSka ka I v. tel nt' , cly t ns anc. Batle l Ba M e l n t, 6 F. p' 5 6 5 3& n.6( t Ci. 00 )@ o. 7 1 4 , v ia l a 2 08W L m'I s.2 2 Ap x 5 , 6 1 4h r 2 8 0 - 08 ) a alb e t 0 238562,a * 2008U. App. t 6, S. LEXI 1 6,a *1 - ( i t tot cr uissmial S 91 t 820 notng ha her ic t i lry p o i iapâniffo r iign w camsi o p sto t s mmayj d me ta dn tn t a r h bt litf r m asn e li n p o iin o u r u g n n o ig h t ditktc urswihi t FourhCicuiha ado e Gimour. sr o t t n he t r t ve ptd l ) 10 The c r tona de e oreci l f ndant a guet tpl i iff ie t e us hi a i sr tve s r ha antf al d o xha t s dm nita i r m e esa tK M CC polc e . Be i de c i ng hi m uli e s c c l r ques s pl i if e di bou i i s4 s des s rbi s tpl i k a l e t , a ntf aleg i hi r gul rgreva ,i e a i t the û ied a i onna c pl i a l ed n s e a i nce nt r la, ha t l n nf f l om a nt boutt s c e t d hi r a e K M CC s t m f s c c l t tde e a del ys a c st m e c lca e b t us ofa m e c ys e or i k a l ha ni d nd a c es o di a r y he e di al dr box a t KM CC del a e a t iy t s urt s af w ho w e e notm edi ly tai d op nd he eg t d u hort o ec iy t f r ca l r ne pr es i l who us t i own o ni naeddi gnossi de e mi ng i amedialpr e i of sona s e her pi o t a i n t r ni f c oblm s s ro e ug t al a i t t got media. ( .sGre nc s1 ) eius no h o low n nmae o o c l' Pl' iva e 0. 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' df d N o, 548U. 81, ( S. 90 2006) her t prs pr desa a mi srtvegiva pr ed e,he .W e he ion ovi n d nitai re nce oc ur t i a e m us tl a g i va e r s ng a pa tcul rcl i a pur ue i t oug a la ia e l vel nm t t i e r e nc ai i r i a a m nd s t hr h 1 va l bl e s ofa alt C o rye us. J Di v. ge, F. 485,490- 1( hCi. ppe o i pel xha t' Z; xon Pa 291 3d pr ' 9 7t r 2002) An . i a e' f iur t e nm t s a l e o xhaus i a af im a i de e e a t bur n i on t de e ntt pr t s n fr tve f ns , nd he de s he f nda o ove t f iur t e us . J s v.Boc 5 U . 1 , 21 ( he a l e o xha t one k, 49 S. 99 6 2007) . 4Thecore tonaldefnda sa i t tpli ifexha td a i sr tverm edisa r ci e nt dm t ha antf use dm nitai e e bouthi r aedsc c l s epe t ik al r quessa Lese ' a w hied' r pons st t . e t nd trs nd t s es e o hem VDOC Op rtngPr c d r Cr P' 8 6. in t Gre n ePr c d e'i a eai o e u e ' 6 1 t mae iva c o e ur, s ) l ' m ec ni m f i a est r s ve c pl i s appe la i s r tve de i i ,a c l ng ha s or nm t o e ol om a nt , a dm ni ta i c s ons nd hale e polc esa pr e r s The pr e spr de c r tonala i s r t r m e ns t i ntf i i nd oc du e . oc s ovi s or ec i dm ni t a o s a o de i y pot ntalpr e s a i ne s al c r c t epr e s i a tm el m anne . A l i s a e e i obl m nd, f ce s y, or e t hos obl m n i y r 1 s ues r g i va e e pti s a re bl xce s ues boutpolcis pr e es a dec sonsoft Vigni Pa ol Boa d; i e , oc dur , nd ii he r i a r e r di c plna y he r ng pe tesa / pr ed ale r s s a e a f r lc tde i i , a s s i i r ai nali nd or oc ur r or ; t t nd ede a our c s ons l w , a r gul tons and ot m a t r be ond t V D OC ' c r . nd e a i ' , her t e s y he S ontol I a esa e orent d t t i ua e g i va e pr e e w he t y ent rt V DO C. 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A f c lt s W ar n or Supe i e ntc i nc y ec i hr e e s e e a iiy' de r nt nde onduc s t t fr t û ave I' e ew oft greva e. l t i a e i di s t s i d w ih t Leve Ir vi w , he is , t e l ' r vi t he i nc f he nm t s s a i f e t he l e e he m a a a t de e m i i t Le lI ,whi h i done by t Re onalD iec or Form os y ppe l he t r naton o ve 1 c s he gi r t . t is , ve 1 i t tnallve ofr viw .Fort f w is sa a a et Le l11 t De y s ues Le l 1 s he i e l e e he e s ue ppe lbl o ve 1,he put D ie ororD iec oroft V D O C c r ct r t he ondud st fna r vi w oft r ul rgr e nc he i l e e he eg a i va e. 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Pl ntf sbrefde c i i ofhi di s ts a ton w ih us ng a a l e o ovi di al a e ai i f i s r pton s s a if c i t i dr box a ne di pa s s f om corec i lofi e s di nota er pr s of i i st thi op nd e ng s e r r tona f c r d l t i on fc al ha s greva e i l d OP 720. orha ng t sa i hi housng uni untlca ld f hi m e c i nc ncude 1 vi o ty n s i t i le or s dial a ppoi t e .6 Pl i if s f iur t s i s pa a e g i va es a n m nt a ntf a l e o ubm t e r t r e nc boutt polci sr quii he i e e rng i a est de i s c ca lr ques f r s i a dr box l a e out i t di ng hal bef e nm t o pos t i k- l e t om n op oc t d sde he ni l or br akf s ort r e a t o emai i a housng uni untlc ld f am e c la n m e di no a e t nn i t i ale or di a ppoi t nt d t l r prs ofi al oft e is .Acc di y, ai ifdi notpr pe l e us a ia e ion fci s hes s ues or ngl pl ntf d o ry xha t valbl a i sr tve r m e esa dm nita i e di boutVDOC a f c lt polc e ,a t c r tona de e nt a e nd a iiy ii s nd he oreci l f nda s r e tte t s mmayj g n . n ild o u r ud me t The c tfnds t te i he ha e used a ia e a i sr tve r m e e , a ntf our i ha ven f d xha t va l bl dm ni t a i e di s pl i if f ist s a e a c a m s a ns t c r c i lde e a l o t t ny l i gai t he or e tona f ndan s Pl i ifcl m st tco r tona t . a nt f ai ha r ec i l ofi er i pr r y s r e m e c lr quess buthe f ist r l t t c r tona de e nt t fc s m ope l c e n di a e t, a l o e a e he or ec i l f nda s o t scl i . Pl i i fdoe notna e a r l van c r tona of i rasa de e nt a he hi a m a ntf s m ny e e t or ec i l fce f nda , nd a know l s t tc r tona ofi e spe m it d hi t go t m edi alde rm e . N e t r c edge ha or ec i l tc r r te m o he c pa t nt ihe M a he nor Sc li had a pe s li ve e w ih pl ntf sm e c lc t orw e e a a e t na hilng ny r ona nvol m nt t ai i f di a a ' e r w r t tpl i ifha any dit uly s hedulng a m e c la ha a ntf d fk t c i di a ppoi m e . Pl i i fa know l dg t t nt nt a ntf c e es ha Sc li di notcr a e t f ciiy polc ofw hi h pl ntf c pl i . hilng d e t he a lt iy c ai if om a ns 6Pl ntf c lnged OP 720.lf t frttme i hi a loft Le lr ew.Any Gs uenotadd e s d i te ai if hale or he is i n s ppea he vel evi çs i rse n h o i na greva w ilno be co i ed i a appea .' ( 8 6. (o 3 -)3. Th rfr, anifsdsuso o r gi l i nce l t nsder n n l ' OP 6 1 n . 03 ) eeo e plitf' ic sin f OP 720. i t a alofhi r gulrgre ncedoe no c tt epr re usi ofhi a i srtverm edi 1 n he ppe s e a iva s t onsiut ope xha ton s dm nita i e es a cor ng t OP 8 1 c di o 66. . 13 Pl ntf a s f l t e t bls how t dr box polc vi aespli if sco tt i na ai if lo ais o sa ih he opi y ol t antf nsiuto l r g s es i l s nc pl ntf doesnotha a c tt i lr ghtt a es a gre nc or i ht , pec aly i e ai i f ve ons iutona i o cc s i va e medialc ls tm.Ada v. c ,40F. 72,74( hCi.1 4) Se e. ,Sa nv. c al yse ms Rie 3d 4t r 99 . e, c. ndi Conne, r 515U. 472, 486- ( 995 .Pl ntf i c tt inal e il t me ca caet prve S. 484, 87 1 ) ai if s onsiuto ly ntted o di l r o e nt c u a unus puni hm e bu nota c st a l s i ls t m c ea e by s a e ofi a st r el nd ual s nt t c es o ogi tca ys e r t d t t tci l o pr ve c u a unus punihm e . Ther cor e t bls st tde e nt we eno e nt r el nd ual s nt e d sa ihe ha f nda s r t delbe a el i f e e t a s r ousm ed c lnee a pl i if s c pl i t a i r t y ndif r nt o e i ia d, nd a ntf om a n s bouta ce sng t c s i he me c a nt ntpr dur do notpr s nta c tt i ( am . dial ppoi me oce es ee onsiutonal : i 7 l 11. 1 Fort f r ng r s ns 1gr ntt m e ca de e nt 'm o i n t di m i sa t he o egoi ea o , a he di l f nda s t o o s s nd he c re to l e e d n s mo inf rs mmayj d me t anifsmoi nt p e evei d ne o r cina d fn a t' to o u r u g n .Plitf' to o r s r s e id a m oot and pl ntf ' m oton f s nc i i de e asm e il s s , ai i f s i or a tons s ni d rtes . TheCl r i die t d t s c e oft sM e or ndum Opi on a t a c e k s r c e o end opi s hi m a ni nd he c ompa ng nyi Or rt pli ifa c de o a ntf nd ouns ofr or f t def nt. el ec d or he enda s EN TER :Thi s .- day ofJanuar 2012. .. y, u- Se i U nle St t i ti tJ or t d a es s r c udge ?Th , Mat us henaa Sc li a ealoenttedt qu ii i nd hilng r s il o alfed mmuniy. Se S u ir 5 3U.. t2 001(ttn t e a ce, 3 S a 0 - saig defndantgove n entlofii r ei squaiid i m uniy i apl ntf f l t des i how t ofk i vi aed e r m a fcal ec ve lfe nz t f ai if ais o crbe he t al olt - tepanifsc n tuin lo sauo' rg t. h lit ' o si to a r tttl ih) f t y

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