Roman v. Sam's Club/Walmart et al, No. 7:2010cv00524 - Document 79 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 1/7/13. (sas)
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CLERK' OFFI E U. . ST cotlr S C s DI . l AT ROANOKE, VA FteD t I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRICT COURT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGI A NI ROANOK E DI SI VI ON J 27 2 1 AN 23 auL c. D , cuEM BY; EPUR CLERK ANTH ONY ROM AN, C i lA c i N o. 7: c 524 vi ton : 10- v- Pl ntf , ai if M EM O R AN D UM O PI I N N O SA M ' CL UB/ ALM AR T,e aI, S W t . Hon.Jam e C. k s Tur Seni U ni e St e D i t i tJudge or t d at s s r c D e e nt . f nda s An h n Ro n, s l-r e sd Ch ita wh a pid fraj b a teRoa o eS m ' t o y ma a efp ofse rsin o p le o o t h nk a s Cl cli s t t he was dicrmi t a i t a not hie be a e hi r lgi bei f ub, am ha s i naed ga ns nd r d c us s e i ous le s pr bi hi wor ng on Sunda . s ksr i t rTil V1 oft Ci lRi ht Ac of1 ohi t s ki ys He ee elef mde te 1 he vi g s t 964 (-il VI' , sn nd d 4 U. C. 20 0 e s q. tlte 1' a me e , 2 S. j 0 e t e d) Thi mate i bef e t Cour on De e nt Sam ' Cl s M oto f Su ma y s tr s or he t f nda s ub'l i n or m r J udgmen . t ECF No. Alo be or t Co ti De e ntsM oton f Cont 67. s f e he ur s f nda ' i or emptf rPl i ifs o antf Nonc ompla e wih t Co ts Augus 1 201 Dic r Or r ECF No.55,Pl ntf ' i nc t he ur ' t 4, 2 s ove y de , ai ifs M oton t St i ECF N o.64,Pl i ifs Se ond M oton t St i ECF N o.7 a Pl ntf s i o rke, a ntf c i o r ke, 0, nd ai i f M oton f Sa tons ECF No.71 The is shavebee b if t Cour he r or la g e t i or nc i , . s ue n re ed, he t a d a r um n on De mbe 1 201 a t m a tr i no rpe f diposton.For t r s de c i d ce r 9, 2, nd he te s w i or s ii he ea ons s rbe bel t M oton f Sum ma yJ ow, he i or r udgm e i GR ANTED a al o he m o i a eDENI nt s nd 1 t r tons r ED. 1Plitf sCompli i orecl na séSa ' Cl W am a t'asaD ee nti t sca e. The c r te iy i fnda n hi s anif ant nc r ty me ç m s ub/ l r' orec ntt s Sa ' Ea t I The ohe D eenda snam e i t Compl ntha pr vi l bee dim is d,s e ECF N o.36, m s s, nc. t r f nt d n he ai ve e ousy n s s e e and Sa ' Eas i t onl r mai ng Defndant Fort s ofsmplciy,t Cour wilr f t t De e nta m s t s he y e ni e . he ake i i t he t l eer o he f nda s isa ' Cl 'or$ û m g ub' : s'i t sopi on. Sam'' n hi ni 1. FA C TS I c n iei amoi nf rsl r u g n , c u t s c n ie t ef csa d a n o sd rng to o l mmayj d me t a o r mu t o sd r h a t nd rw a lr s na e i e e esi t lgh m os f vor bl t t no m o ng pa t M a s hia El l ea o bl nf r nc n he i t t a a e o he n- vi ry. tus t ec. l .Co. Ze t Radi Cor ,475U. 574,587( 986) s eas M LC Aut .LLC. Town ndus v. nih o p. S. 1 ; e lo o. v. ofS.Pi ,532F. 269,273( hCi. ) Tha bei s d,t fcsa elr el undiput nes 3d 4t r 2008 . t ng ai he a t r a g y s ed. On Aug t1 ,2 0 ,An h n Ro n tRo n'o ( an if)a pl d fraj b a te us 9 0 8 t o y ma s ma ' r Tlitf ' p i o o t h ç e Ro n k , r ii S m' Clb u i ac mp trb s dj b a pl ain t o .n ta a pl ain a o e Vigna a s u sng o u e- a e o p i to o l I h t p i to , c c he e e e hi wor hit y a a lbiiy.Ro a m a ke on t a i a i t the wa nt r d s k sor nd vaia lt m n r d he pplc ton ha s a l bl M onda t ough Frda , 7 am t 7 pm , a Sa ur y, 7 a t 5 pm . R om a jad vaia e y hr i y 2 o nd t da m o n y wor d a Kr - a g oce y sor wih a a tc ke t oger r r t e t n ta hed f e sa i f t e ye r , wih u l t ton- or hr e a s t l nt r e ponsbiii . e re e i Pr xpe inc n oduce Fr - 3 a d Fue Ce e r s i ltes Rom a s tme atKr r , ontEnd, n n' i oge e nded a pty i M a 2008 whe he ç esg d' fom hi poston bec us ofalege vi a i bnl l n y n ç i ne ' r r s ii a e l d oltons b Kr g ro Oc u ain lS ft a dHe lhAd nitai n(C HA' rg lto . y o e f c p to a aey n at mi srto d OS ' e u ains ) Be ry Gr bbs t Pe s nne M a ge a t Roa ve l u , he r o l na r t he noke Sn ' Cl a t pe s m s ub nd he r on rs e ponsbl f c i e or onduc i t fr toft e i e v e be or a e oye i hie r vi tng he is hr e nt r i ws f e n mpl e s r d, e ewed Rom a s a ia i a not t t he ha e re n' pplc ton nd ed ha d xpe ince i postons f whih Sn ' wa n ii or c ms s c r nty hii - pr e an Fr ure l rng oduc d ontEnd.Cons que l Gr bbs s he e a i e ve wih e nty, u c dul d n nt r iw t Rom a The i e viw oc ur e on Se embe 11 2008. n. ntr e c rd pt r , 2Ro man a e l ma am itke o hi a i to wih r r t hi Saur y wor a lbiiy. H e m e ntt pparnty de sa n s pplcain t egads o s t da k vaia lt a o m a k t he was a l bl 7 a t 7 pm butwas a r nty c us by t us ofm iia y tme on t co put r r hat vaia e m o ppa e l onf ed he e lt r i he m e ba e a i ton.SeeECF N o.68 3a 2. eca ii hi Saur y a lbiiyi hi it r ew.Se ECF No.2- a s d pplcai - t H lrfed s t da vaia lt n s n e vi e 3 t 4.Roma as mar d t the was nota ia e t wo k on Sunda i t cae r grd on one s ci oft n lo ke ha valbl o r y n he lnda i e ton he applcai butc cke aboxbeow t grd i c tngt thewasavalbl t wor on Sund .SeeECFNo.68i ton, he d l he i ndiai ha ia e o k ays 3 a 2. t 3 Fr -End e o est cal ba gr ere a wok ascahir ora t cusome s rvc des ont mplye ypi ly g oc is nd r s e s t he t r e ie k. 2 Fo ra o su k o t t eCo r,Ro ntp -e o d d hsj b itr iw wi Be e l r e s n n n wn o h u t ma a er c r e i o n e ve t v ry h e Gr bbs a atac d a ta c i i of t it r e t hi Compl i .4 Se ECF N o. 2u nd t he r ns rpton he n e viw o s ant 3. Ac or ng t t ta c it t i e ve bega wih pr i na y quesi ,but be or l ng, c di o he r ns rp , he nt r iw n t elmi r tons f e o Gr bbsas d Rom a a uthi wor a Kr r u ke n bo s k t oge . Gr bbs: h dyo qui? u W y' u t Roma Ah bi pr ems 11 l a i t r n: h, g obl . '1 e ve t he e. Gr bbs Oka di you ha pr e swih m a ge sorpr e swih e pl es pa , u : y, d ve oblm t na r oblm t m oye , y ho s orpe s l W ha ? ur , r ona . t Rom a Ahh ... tsmor t n ... tsco i a e i' ac n: I' e ha l' mplc t d;ts omplcaed st ton.... i t iua i Gr b s Ok y l a dy ulf wi u h vn a oh r o . dy u gv an tc ? u b : a ,l n o et t t a ig n t e j b Di o ie o ie mm ho R o a U hh,no. m n: ECF No.2- a 2- ( ges2and3 aerves d fom t i s que ilor ri t Cour' onlne 3 t 3 pa r e re r her e nta de n he ts i nce doc t.Roma di notgi Gnl a r s f why helf Kr r i , t ke) n d ve bbs ny ea on or e t oge, p hough he hassi -. . or l a s d t Co tt ti wasbec us ofOSHA vi ai . aly dvi e he ur ha t a e ol tons Grz ne as d a tbbs xt ke boutRoma swor a ia lt He sa e he c d wo k M o y n' k val biiy. ttd oul r nda t ough Saur y,7 a t 7 pm,butnoton Sl y.J a 4.Afe he ng oft s s wha hr t da m o mda Z t tr mi hi ome t lmie wor a ia lt Gr bbs sr s e t i i td k val biiy, u te s d he mpora e ofs he e te biiy t Sa ' Cl tnc c dul l xi lt o m s ub, e pe al t ne f a ia lt o Frda Saur ay,a Sunda snce t e a e t buse t s cily he ed or va lbiiy n i y, t d nd y i hos r he i s d y o t we k a S m '.L.a 4 5 t u d y ae rq ie . . Th tsj tarq ie n f r a s f he e t a s d t - . t n a s r e ur d . . a ' us e urme t o . a s w o ki f us ' I a 5.l w a a t s poi t i t i e v e t t Rom a m e i d t t t r ng or .' d. t t s t hi n n he nt r i w ha n ntone ha he r as he r quese Sunda of i bec us d ' a Chrsi a we obs r e Sunday a t e on e td ys f s a e ç m l itan nd ev s he Sabbah Da .... J=Het n me i d t ther le on t buss tm a t twa whyhe t y ' #. he ntone ha ' eis he yse nd ha s wast bl t wor pa t7 pm bec us t l s busl a a 7: pm .5Grubbs sa ed a n t t ma e o k s a e he a t e ves t 45 tt gai ha 4 sa , cl a s d t Co ta or la gum e t ti ha ls e t t t pe r or ng a t ti doe no diput m s ub dvi t ho ur t a r nt ha t s i t ned o he a ec di nd ha t s t s e t a ur c oft ta c i i The Cour,howe r hasnothe r t r or ng and r is e usvel on t he cc a y he r ns rpton. t ve , a d he ec di ele xcl i y he ta c i . r nsrpt 5 Alhough t tans rpts e t i c t t t r e e t t bus s tm onl r aed t hi e nig wor t he r c i e ms o ndiae hat he efr nce o he yse y elt o s ve n k a albii a dn tohsS n a woka albly teCo l tk sj dca n t eo tefc ta teb ssse i v i ly n o t i u d y r v i ii ,h u' a e u iil oi f h at h t h u y tm n a t a t t c Ro n k d e no o eaeo S n a .S eh rwww.aly loc e s h d lshm (atviie De e e 2 , a o e o s t p rt n u d ys c o / / v l me .o c e ue .t ls std c mb r 0 e s c d notg r nt e t tR o a w o d have e r Sunday of . L aa 5.She di s y t ts he oul ua a e ha m n ul ve y f 4 t d a ha he woul pa sRo a s i or ton on t t m a d s m n' nf ma i o he nage ,butt ts wasnotoptmitc t tSa ' r ha he i si ha m s woul ha aposto ope frRoma J=at6.Rom an pr esed t thehad lsed 72 avaiabl d ve iin n o n.# ot t ha it l e . hotr of wor but Gr ls k, ubbs r ponde t t Sn ' Cl r quied am os c es d ha m s ub e r l t omplt fe biiy, ee lxi lt es i l on St da : pec aly m ys l wo twor wih t postons 1ha ope be aus a1 t postons t t a e t n' k t he ii ve n, c e l he ii ha r o e yo ha et bea l t wo kS d y . a' s (ije eyj bweh v , o p n, u v o b e o r un a s Th ts o sc v r o a ey u ha t wor Sunda I wor St ve o k y. k mday,e r ne wor Sunda , w e al w or ve yo ks ys l k Sunda .W e wo k 2 a mont we ha t wo k Sunda .So i' pr iy muc ys r h, ve o r ys ts e t h e r ve yonehast ha t tope fe biiy,f a poston t twe ha o n.11 o ve ha n l xi lt or ny ii ha ve pe '1 t l t hi a 1thi know.But m or t n lkey 1m no go have a hi ak o m nd e m , e ha i l ' t nna nyt ng t twilt wiht tlm j tbei honetwihyo Oka ha l k t ha. ' us ng s t u, y? L1 a 6. yt n c l dt i eviw. (, t The he oncude he ntr e Gr bbs t n f wa ded he i e v e not s ECF N o.68 1 a 24,a ong wih u he or r r nt r iw e, - t l t Rom a s a i a i ECF N o.68- a 2, o t a s s a m a n' pplc ton, 3 t t he s it nt nage .ECF N o. 1 G r r 68- , ubbs Af.! 1 , 2 - 2 l h r i tr iw noe , Gn b s n td te t i p o e ' a d f ! 5 9 3 . n e ne ve ts z b o e h ç g rblms' n b ç om plc t st ton'a Kr r t l k ofno i pr de u Roman' r sgna i ç c i aed iuai ' t oge , he ac tce ovi d pon s e i ton, a hi l k ofwor a ia lt on e ni a Sunda Se ECF No.68 1 a 24.She nd s ac k val biiy ve ngs nd y. e - t di notmen i n i l not s t tRom a wa Cl sin o t tt r s he c ul no d to n wr e ha n s ui ta r ha he ea on o d t wo ko S n a wa b c u eh wa Ch ita ECFNo 6 - , bsAf. 3 S eas r n u d y s e a s e s rsin. . 8 1 Gmb f! 0. h lo ç d not co muni a e t a m a ge t t M r Ro a c d not wor o St ys ç di m c t o ny na r ha . m n oul k n mda be aus heobsr edt Sab t 'J Ro n di no r evea he i e vew,norwa c e e v he bah. Z ma d t ec i not r ntr i ' s he uli a e y hie a Sa ' Cl a r s the a ti e t r lgi di c i i ton. tm t l r d t m s ub, e ul trbut s o e i ous s rm na i 2 2 (Theei n sr ieo S n a . .) Bohpat swo l p o by h v ben fmia wi ti fc a d 01 ) d r s o evc n u d ys .'. t ri ud rba l a e e a l r t hs a t n s ' e i h Gr bbsma t ha unde sood Roma sr e e e t r i e on t bus s tm t mea he c d notwor o u y hus ve rt n' efr nc o elanc he yse o n oul k n Sunda onl be us t bus doe notr n o Sundays Consru ng t f ct i t lg mos f vor e t Roman, y y ca e he s u n . t i he a s n he i ht t a abl o t Cour wila s t t busr f e er e sonl t e ni a l lt he t l s ume hat he eernc efr y o ve ng vaiabiiy. 4 R om a s it d a g i vanc t t EEOC ,r c ve hi r ghtt s l te on or about n ubm te re e o he e ei d s i o ue e t r A ugus 30, t 2010,a he f l d s ti t sco ts on afe .Se ECF N o. 1 a 1 nd ie ui n hi ur o tr e 2- t . l. I LEG AL STA N DA R D Sl r j d me ti p o rwheeçh r i n g n ieis a t a ymae ilfc a d t mmay u g n s r pe r û ee s o e un sue s o n tra a t n t t emo ig p ry i e tte t j g n a amatro lw. F d R.Ci P.5 () A g n n h vn a t s n ild o ud me t s t fa ' e . e ' v. 6a . e uie i s ofm ae ilf cte sswhe a r tona f ti r consde i t e de i t s s ue tra a xit n a i l acfnde , i rng he vi nce n he umm a y r j d me trc r , o l fn i fv ro ten n mo n p ry. c i De tfn ,5 7U.. 5 , u g n e o d c u d id n a o f h o - vig a t Ric v. s ea o 5 S 5 7 5 6 ( 0 ) S mmayj g n s o db e tr di teCo r fn , fe asr p l u r ve o 8 20 9 . u r ud me t h ul e n ee f h u t ids a tr c u u o s e iw f t r c r , h tn r a o a l j r c u drtm av r itfrt en n mo i p ry. eEv n v. he e o d t a o e s n b e u y o l eu edc o h o - vng a t Se a s Te h.Applc tons& Se v.Co. 8 F. 954,959 ( h Ci.1 ) Themo ngpa t beast c iai r , 0 3d 4t r 996 . vi ry r he btr n t e t bls eihe t a e of a ge ne is of m a e il f t o t a e e of lde o sa ih t r he bs nce nui s ue t ra ac r he bs nc e de t s vi nce o uppo tt non- o ng pa t s c s M LC Aut .LLC.v.To n of S.Pi s 532 r he m vi r y' a e. o. w ne , F.d2 9 2 ( t Ci. 0 ) 3 6 , 81 4h r 20 8 . 1 1. 1 A NA LY SI S Li r l c t ue Rom a s pr s c be aly onsr d, n' o e ompli pm s s t Til VI eam s agans ant ue wo te I li i t Sa ' Cl a dipa a e te t e c am a a f itr t a c moda e cl m .Se Cham e s v. m s ub: s r t r am nt l i nd alte o c om t ai e l r Tul Co.ofRihmond,1 F.d 1 2,1 7 ( h Ci.1 6)Cfou t hav rc z d t on c 01 3 01 01 4t r 99 rs e e ognie hat e pl sm a utlzet t ore i as e tng r lgi di c i na i cai .Se e. ,M n m oyee y ii wo he i s n s ri ei ous s rmi ton l ms e. g. nn v. a k, F.d 1 6 ,1 6 - 0 ( t Ci.1 9 )(n l zn d srmi ai n s ta i v li t Frn 7 3 3 5 3 8 7 8h r 9 3 a ay ig ic i n to ui s n ovng wo spa aet ore) The e t re ae de nae a t ç s rt teame 'a Galle t e r t he is. s heo is r nomi td s he dipaae r t nt nd fitr o ac ommodae't ores l ' . c t he i .d.) ' A . D i par e Tr m e Cl m s at eat nt ai Til VI pr hi t r lgi us dic i i ton f c r nty e oye a pr pe tve te I o bis e i o s rm na i or ure l mpl d nd os c i e ly e .S e 4 U. C.j 2 0 e .l o d rt r c v ro h sTil VI d s a ae te t n mp o e s e 2 S. 0 0 û) n r e o e o e n i te I ip rt r ame t cai Rom a mus esa ih t tSam ' Cl teae hi dif e l be aus ofhi r lgi i l m, n t t bls ha s ub r td m fer nty c e s ei on n one of t wa :( ) by pr i diec e de e t t hi r i o wa a f t i t wo ys 1 oducng r t vi nc ha s elgin s acor n he deenda ' de son;or () by pr frng i rc evi nce t tco d r a ona y ceae an f nts cii 2 ofei ndie t de ha ul e s bl r t i ee eofdici nai Adn v.Uni ofN.CaolnaW imi t 6 F.d 550,558(t nfrnc s rmi ton. ms v. r i - l naon, 40 3 4h Ci.2011 (uoi Chames 1 F.d a 1 7) Diec e de eofdic i naton i çe de r ) q tng l r, 01 3 t 01 . r t vi nc srmi i s çvi nce of co uc or sa e nt t tbot r l c die ty t alege dic i i t y a tt a t nd t t t me s ha h efe t r c l he l d s rm na or tiude nd hat be die ty on t c e t d e oymen de i i ' Ta orv.Va.Uni Uni ,1 F. 21 ar r c l he ont se mpl t c son.' yl on v. 93 3d 9, 232 ( h Ci.1 4t r 999)(n ba ) a oaae on ot rcr mdsa rc z d i Hilv.Loc d e nc, br td he ot s e ocnie n l khee M a tnLogitc M g .I ,35 F. 277,284- ( h Ci.2004)(nba ) ri sis mt,nc. 4 3d 85 4t r e nc. l Rom a cn f n nnotpr uc die te de ofdicrm i ton,he m us pr e t rt od e r c vi nce s i na i t oce d mde he bur n-hitng fn wor stouti M c de s fi rme k e n DonnelDo lsCo .v.Gre 411U. 792 ( 973 . l uca m e n, S. 1 ) To de o tae a prm a f ci c e ofdipa a e teame i a f iur t hie c am ,Rom a m us m nsr t i a e as s r t r t nt n al e o r l i n t s w t tt 1 h i ame ro ap o e td g o p ( )h a pid f rt ep sto i q sin; ho ha : ) e s ( mbe f r tce r u ; 2 e p le o h o iin n ueto ( )h wa q aiidf rtepo iin; n ( )h wa rj ce f rt po i o t e cr l tnc s 3 e s u lfe o h sto a d 4 e s ee td o he st n md r icl a e i ms gi ng rs t an i er nce ofunlwf ldic i i ton.'Br wn v.M cle 1 F. 898,902 vi ie o nf e a ' s rm na i ' o u aan, 59 3d ( t Ci. 9 8 .tfap i fcec s i p e e td,h bld n s fst t ee ly rt a t ult 4h r 1 9 ) i rma a i a e s r sn e t e t e hit o h mpo e o ri ae l r c a l gii t no s rm i t y r as f t ad r e e oyme a i As lmi t e tma e, ndic i na or e on or he ve s mpl nt cton. sl ng he e pl r m e t t s bur n of pr m oye e s hi de oduc i Che M cDor e l D ougl s f n e k- w ih is ton, t m l a r m wor t t prsz i a blr ns s ppe rs,a t s e rmani is gs dici nai v e lmptons nd zde --dia a ll nd he ol e i ng sue il s rmi ton el n n.' l, 4 F.d a 28 ( u t Re ve v. n es nPlmbn P o s. nc,5 0 U. 1 3 o ' Hi 35 3 t 5 q oi ' l ng e s Sa d ro u ic r d .1 . 3 S. 3 , 1 42( 42- 2000:. The Com tc ondudest tRom a ha notpr ed diec e de e ofd s rm i ton a ha n s oduc r t vi nc i c i nai nd t a l eshi cai unde t M cDonne lDo a f a wor Snm ' Cl doe notdiput hus na yz s lm r he l ugls r me k. s ub s s e t fr tt e e e e s of Rom a s prm a f ci c s but a g s t t t c r um s anc s do not he i s hr e l m nt n' i a e a e, r ue ha he i c t e gi rs t a i e e ofr lgi dic i na i The ta crptoft i t r i w a tc d t ve ie o n nf r nce e i ous s rmi ton. r ns i he n e v e ta he o t Compli bei st sa g e .Gr bbs sa e nt l a t ditnc i pr s i n t tSam ' he ant le hi r um nt u ' t t me s e ve he si t m e so ha s Cl woul nothieape s whoobs r esSt y a t Sa t ç( 1 t postonst tae ub d r ron e v mda s he bbah.çA)l he ii ha r o n y u h v t bea l t wo k S n a . a' s (ile e yj b weh v , o h v t wok pe , o a e o be o r u d ys Th ts o sc v r o ae y u a e o r Su y.Iwor Sunda e r nda k y, ve yonewor Sundays we a1wor Sunda . ewor 2 am o h,we ks , 1 k ys W k nt ha t wo k Sunda . ECF No.2- a 6.Afe Rom a i or e Gr bbs of hi r lgi ve o r ys' ' 3 t tr n nf m d u s e i ous m otva i f rno wor ng on Sunda ,Gr i tons o t ki ys ubbss tne ry t r s oft i e ve dicus i pen a l he e t he nt r iw s sng t i he mpora e ofwor ng on Sunda He sa e e t ts wasnotoptm itct tSn ' Cl tnc ki y. r tt m nt ha he i si ha m s ub woul be a e t ofe Roma a poston ca s c d bl o f r n ii me e onds afe t a tr he bove quot i whih s e n c he r t r t d t i pora e of Sunday w o k. Ba e on Gr bbs' s a e en s t Rom a i t eie a e he m t nc r sd u ttm t o n n he itr iw,te Co r c n l e t a Ro n wa rj ce f rt e p sto l e cru tn e n eve h u t o cud s h t ma s ee td o h o iin md r ic msa c s gi ng rs t a i er nce of di c i i ton a he t s a es a prm a f c e di pa a e t e t e vi i e o n nf e s rm na i nd hus t t i a i s r t r a m nt C ai . lm Si e Rom a ha s a e a prm a f i c a m , t bur n of pr nc n s tt d i ac e l i he de oduc i now s fs t ton hi t o Sn ' Cl t C ri ult a lgii ae,no s rm i t y r a on f t a ve s e oyme m s ub o ç tc a e e tm t a ndic i na or e s or he d r e mpl nt a ton.'Hil 354 F. a 285.The r c d i rf wih l gii ae nondic i i t r r s ns c i ' l, 3d t e or s ie t e tm t, s rm na o y ea o . Ro n h d r sg e o wak d o ftej b a Kr g rafw mo t spro wi u gvngn tc ma a e in d r le f h o t o e e n h ir t t ii o ie ho a d wih u a t e j b ln d u W h n a k d a o th sr a o f rr sg ig fo Kr g r n t o t noh r o i e p. e s e b u i e s ns o e inn r m o e , Rom a a we e i n ns r d ncompl el a be ta e svey a wort The omi et y t s nd va i l t s . noust g pr blm s'a t bi o e ' nd Sc plc t d st ton' be w e n Rom a a K r r coul not ha i pied c i e i t t om i a e iua i ' t e n nd oge d ve ns r onfdenc n he vii ofabrghtf t ef Ro a a Sn ' Cl son i u ur or m n t m s ub. Rom a as had lmie wor a ia lt ir peci ofhi a ia lt o Sunda .He n lo i td k va lbiiy, res tve s val biiy n ys sa e i t i e vew t the woul nee t be of by 7 pm t sx da he w a a ia e t t t d n he nt r i ha d d o f he i ys s va lbl o wo k.Alhough hel t rc am e heco d ha rdde hi bi home, di notm e i t tf c r t ae li d ul ve i n s ke he d nton ha a t t Gr bbs i t i e ve .Se ECF No.2- a 4.Eve i Roman lsed 72 hotr of wo k o u n he nt r iw e 3 t n f it ts r a albit o h sa pl ai n S m' Clbj tfa yp e est ema mu a t o she ue v i l y n i p i to , n s u usiibl r fr h xi m momt f c d l a i c fe biiy on t pa tofis e pl ye s a Rom an' lm ied w or a ia lt w a c r a n t ha l xi lt he r t m o e nd si t k va l biiy s e t i o ve hur hi c nc ofbe ng hie a Sn ' Cl t s ha es i r d t m s ub. Furhe t nnor i i t ontove td by Rom a t tGr bbs di no ma t fnaldecson e, t s mc r re n ha u d t ke he i ii a t hi e oyme .Afe Rom a s it r i w wih Gr ,s f wa de he i e v e not s o s mpl nt tr n' n e v e t ubbs he or r d r ntr i w es a Roman' a i a i t t as itntma ge ,who made t de ii no t i t Roman nd s pplc ton o he ssa na r he c son t o nvie ba k f rt s co oft e i e ve .The i e viw not co ane Rom a ssae e sa c o he e nd hr e nt r iws ntr e es nt i d n' tt m nt bout hi e oyme a Kr ra hi wor a ia lt bu di notm e i Roma sr i o o t s mpl nt t oge nd s k va lbiiy, t d nton n' elgi n r he r as he c d no w o k on Sunda .Gr bbs a s di notve baly c m uni t t s f c s t e on oul t r ys u lo d r l om ca e he e a t o any m anagec. Once t de e n ha pr ed a l ii ae a nondic i i t y r as f t he f nda t s oduc egtm t nd s rm na or e on or he f ilr t hie,çt M c a lze o r she Donne l Do a f a wor - wih is pr umptons a bt de l ugls r me- k t t es i nd l ns r ds p e rs,a d t e s l rmann is e gs d s rmi to v /n n' Re v sv.Sa es n ia p afj n h o e e iig su ij ici nain e o . e e ' nd ro Pl ncPr .I ,530U. 1 1 ( umbi ods. nc. S. 33, 42 2000)(ntm a quotto maksa ciai omit ) i e l ain r nd ttons ted . çn ohe wor ,t btr n s fsba k t ( ç t r ds he zde hit c o Roma t pr by apr pondea oft e de e l nq o ove e rnce he vi nc t t t e oye ' sa e r s ns l r not is t e r as , bu we e a pr t xt f r ha he mpl rs t t d ea o we e t nl e ons t r ee o dic i nai ''Hil 354 F. a 285 ( i Re ves 530 U. a 1 .çllhe btr n t srmi ton.' ls 3d t quotng e , S. t 43) çf tde o de taepr e l r wih t uli ebtr n ofpes di t co tt t(hepli it monsrt etxt meges t he tmat zde rua ng he ur ha t antfl hasbee t vitm ofi e i ldici nai ''I ( tng Tx.De tofCmt Afar v. n he ci ntntona s rmi ton.' d. quoi p' y. fis Bt dne 4 0U. 2 8 2 6 (98 (.t plitf c uda c mpls t sg a ty s o n t tt z i , 5 S. 4 , 5 1 1 t an if o l c o ih hi o l b h wig ha he r 9 A e oye ' pr f e e a ton i unworhy of c e mpl r s ofer d xplna i s t r denc ''Hola v.W as nc on Ho e . e.' lnd hi t m s I c, 7F.d2 , 4( t Ci. 0 7 ( u t Bt dn , 5 U. a 25 ) n .48 3 08 21 4h r 2 0 ) q oi l ie 4 0 S. t 6 . ng r Viwi t f c s i t lg mos f vor bl t hi ,Rom a c nnotm e tt bur of e ng he a t n he i ht t a a e o m n a e he den pe s di t Cour he wa t vitm ofi e i na dic i i i W hie Gnl 'sa e nt r ua ng he t s he c i nt nto l s rm naton. l bbs tt me s i t i e vew c e t an i e enc of di c i i ton, t s i e e n he nt r i rae nf r e s rm nai hi nf r nce be om e c i r bl c s onsde a y out i he whe vi we i c e .I i undiput d t tRoman ha pr e sa Kr r t the we g d n e d n ontxt t s s e ha d oblm t oge ,ha r sgned wihout pr di a nce notc t t he f l t pr de c ei t ovi ng dva i e, ha aied o ovi omplt a we s t e e ns r o Gr bbs quesi abouthi wor a Kr r andt theha lmie wor a lbiiy. u ' tons s k t oge , ha d i td k vaia lt M or ove ,Gr bbs di no m a t hii de s o She m e el c e r u d t ke he rng cii n. r y onduc e t fr tof t d he is t ee i e v ew s and t i pe nce of t as it nt m a ge m ii a ed a di c i i t y hr nt r i he nde nde he s s a na r t g t ny s r m na or a m us diplye by Gnl .The i pe nc of t dec sonm a r i sr e de ofa ni s a d bbs nde nde e he ii ke s tong vi nce lc o itn in ld srmi to Se Hi ,3 4 F.d a 2 6 ( ( ni iiu lalgn ds a ae a k f n e to a ici nain. e l 5 3 t 8 çA1 ndvd a le ig ip rt l i te m entbas upon a pr e e ta tm us pr r at ed ot ct d r i t oduc s fci nt e denc upon w hi h o c d e uf i e vi e c ne oul fnd t tlhe pr t c e ta t...a t ly motva e t e oye ' decson. Ree s 53 U . a i ha t oe td ri cual i t d he mpl rs ii ' ve , 0 S. t 1 (nen lq oainmakso t d.Th poetdtat( th veatal ply darl i 41 itra u tto r mit ) e rtce ri mus a cu ly a e oe n e t empl ' de ii m a ng pr es a ha a de e mi tve i l nc on t out ome. l he oyers c son ki oc s nd d t r na i nfue e he c ' d. (ntr lquoai ma ksa atrtonsomitdl ç sPrc W aehous v.Hopki ,490 U. i ena tton r nd leai te ; . ie tr e f ns S. 228,277 ( 989)t connor J. c uni )( i t tGttme sby no cso kes or 1 o' , , onc ng notng ha sae nt nde iinma r, saeme sbydecsonma r unr ae t t de ii pr s is f( no)s fcet stsy tt nt ii ke s eltd o he csonal oce s tel do t ufi o aif 9 t pli ifsbur n'ofpr ng dici nai ;Kos v.St x I ' Com . 307 F. 672, he antf' de ovi s rmi ton) ki ande ntl , 3d 6 8 (t Ci. 0 )( tn ta t p rie t n ur i wh t rted cso ma e , so po e t 7 7h r 20 2 noig h t he e t n i q iy s ehe h e ii n k r a p s d o n ot r m a er or s di t s va uaed t a i d e oye bas upo dic i na or he nag s ubor na e ,e l t he ggreve mpl e ed n s rmi t y cieil' Ro n ha notdiputd t i pe nc oft a ssa ma rand t t rtra.). ma s s e he nde nde e he s itnt nage hus he Cour i c t s ompel d t c l t tt as itntm a e t whom Gr bbss le o onc ude ha he ssa nag r o u ubmit he not s ted r e a Roma s a i ton wa t decsonm a r a t Ro a Thi dec sonm a r de lne t nd n' pplca i s he ii ke s o m n. s ii ke ci d o ofe Ro a a s c fr m n e ond i e ew wihout any knowldge of Roman' r lgi or t r s nt ni t e s e i on he ea on be ndhi t va lbiiy f St hi s ma ia lt or mday wor k. Be aus Rom a pe f med poory i t i er e a Sa ' Cl s unc r red c e n ror l n he nt viw nd m s ub' ontove t e denc de onsr t s t t t a ua dec sonma r ace wihout a e de e of vi e m ta e ha he ct l ii ke td t ny vi nc dic i i ton, Roma s dipa a e te t e c am f is Ac or ngl t Cour GRANTS s rm na i n' s r t r am nt l i a l. c di y, he t Sam ' Cl s M oton f Sum m a y J m e ast t scl i . s ub' i or r udg nt o hi a m B. Faiur t A c om m odat Cl m l eo c e ai The fam e or of a f iur t a om m oda e cl i i s m ia t t M c onne l Doug as r w k a l e o cc t a m s i l r o he D l l bur n s fi s he e e pl d i a di pa a e te m e cl m .R o a m us fr t e t bls a de hi tng c m m oye n s r t r at nt ai m n t is sa ih p i fcecam b s wi gta 1 ()h . . a ab n fd r l iusb le t a c n lcswi rma a i li y ho n h t ; l e . h s o a i e ei o eif h t o fit t ç g h a e oyme r quie nt ( he...i or dt e oye oft sbeit a ( he( snot n mpl nt e rme ; 2) nf me he mpl r hi lel nd 3) wa hie )f rf itet c mpl wiht c n lci e ly n r q rme t' Ch l r,1 F.d rd o alr o o y t he o fit mpo me t e uie n .' ame s 01 3 t ng ' a 1 t 019.<ft empl xl he oyeeesa ihesaprma f c ec e, hebur n t n s fst t e o rt t bls i a i as t de he hit o ht mpl ye o s how t t i c d notr as bl a co moda e t pl n ifs r lgi ne wiho t ha t oul e ona y c m t he aitf e i ous eds t ut mdue ha ds p.' d. r hi ' 1 Rom a s f l e t a co m oda e c a m f is bec us he c nno es a i h t t r n' aiur o c m t li al a e a t t bls he hid elm e - t the wasnothied be aus he c d notwor on Sunda .The Cour ha ar dy e nt ha r c e oul k ys t s lea 10 di c s d t l gii a e r s s us e he e tm t ea ons Sn ' Cl has ofe ed f nothii Roma a t Co t m s ub f r or rng n nd he ur r i on t e r a ons f t sc a m a we l eles hos e s or hi l i s l . One potnta obsace t t Cour' r la on t e lgii ae r as i t Fo t e il t l o he ts e ince hes e tm t e ons s he urh Cicui' a e pr bii on doi s but on cos r e r ts ppar nt ohi ton ng o, l e xnmi i t e i no a ua naton, her s ct l pr bii n on t e f c s l Cha m e s i di c sng t dif r nc be we n t di pa a e ohi to hes a t . n l r , n s us i he fe e e t e he s r t team e t or a t f l e t a co moda e t or t Fourh Cic t ma t s r t nt he y nd he aiur o c m t he y, he t r ui de hi obs r a i e v ton: I a r i i a com m oda i n c e, a e pl n elg ous c t o as n m oyee ca es a i h a cl i n t bls am e t ven hough s c nnots t tot r (npr e td)e oyee wer te td he n how ha he u otce mpl s e rae m o e f vo a y o c nnot r but a e pl r s l ii a e, non- s r m i t y r a r bl r n e n m oye ' eg tm t di c i na or r as f he di c r Thi i be us a e pl r m us , o an e e ,a tvel e on or r s ha ge. s s ca e n m oye tt xt nt c i y a tm ptt ac omm odae a e oye sr lg o e es i or c te o c t n mpl e' ei i us xpr son onduc e n i, t ve f a e t r i ousmotvai t e pl bs nt he elgi i ton, he m oyee' c s onduc woul s y al tma e t d uppl egii t gr md f dic r ot or s ha ge. For e mpl a e oye who i tr i t d f r f sng t wor on xa e, n mpl e s em na e or e u i o k Sunda ca m a nt i a a com m odaton c ai e n i ot r nonr lgi ys n i an n c i l m ve f he e i ous e oyee we e alo fr d f r f i Sunda wor a e n t h t mpl s r s ie or e usng y k, nd ve houg he e pl r s pr f r r as f t dic r - t r f s lt pe f r r quie m oye ' ofe ed e on or he s ha ge he e u a o ro m e r d Sunda wok- i lgii t a nondici naor ( ca e t St y wor y r s e tmae nd s rmi t y be us he mda k nl a p ist al mpo e s r g r ls o rlgo ) l p le o le ly e ,e ade s f eiin . e 1 F. a 1 01 3d t 018. cl er di oft spas a m a ce t tc t a enotpr bie fom A os ea ng hi s ge kes lar ha ours r ohi t d r c i i l gii t no dic i i t r r a onsi t o i af itr t a omm odae cai but onsderng e tma e, n- s rm na o y e s n ot n a lle o cc t l m, a e ba r fom c i rng t e r as ast y r a e t t r quese a c r red r onsde i hos e ons he elt o he e t d c omm oda i The ton. pr ded e mpl fom Cham e sm a st scea . ti,t l tm a e a nondic i i t r ovi xa e r l r ke hi l r Tha s he egii t nd s rm na o y r as f r dic ge r f red t i t e mpl wast r f a t pero m St y wor Thi e on o s har e e r o n he xn e he e us l o f r mda k. s be vi r al o f m e t bas s f t r ha o s or d he i or he eque t a co m o ton. Thus i a f iu e t s ed c m da i , n al r o a commodat c am ,a e oye c d nota gue t tt r f alt pe f m t Sunda wor c e l i n mpl r oul r ha he e us o ror he y k wasa lgii ae a nondic i i t y r as f dic r ng a e pl e tm t nd s rm naor e on or s ha gi n m oyee who had r que t e sed Sunda of f r lgi r as . Thi i bec us e oye s ha a a fr tve dut t y f or e i ous e ons s s a e mpl r ve n fima i y o a co c mmodae t r Til VI.L. (çA1 e oyer mus,t a e e ,a tvey atmp t t mde te I /. G( n mpl Z t o n xtnt ci l te t o a commodat an e oye s r i ous e esi o co t e n il abs nt t r i i c e mpl e' elgi xpr son r nduc ve t e he elg ous motvai t e o sc i ton,he mplyee' onduc woul s yal tmaegr mdf dic r .'. t d uppl egii t ot or sha ge' ) Not ng,howe r i Cham e sr quiest te o sove l o he l gii aer a ons hi ve , n l r e r ha mpl yer rook t r e tm t e s f dic r smpl be us t e pl or s ha ge i y ca e he m oyee ha m a a r que tf r lgi a commoda i s de e s or e i ous c ton. U nde t s i e r t ton oft l ng r hi nt m e a i he a uage i Cha m e s a e pl r c d pr r y di c r a n l r , n m oye oul ope l s ha ge n e o e wih a pe ng r lgi a co moda i r ue tf a e e im ,poo wor quaiy, mpl ye t ndi ei ous c m ton eq s or bs nt e s r k lt ortle t ni a he e oye bu notb a e t e oye r f e t pe f m t a ton t t lr a e ng not r mpl e, t ec us he mpl e e us d o ror he c i ha wast ba i oft a c moda i r ue t he ss he c om ton eq s. The at r t i e r t ton oft s pas a fo Cha me s le nae nt m e ai hi s ge r m l r --one t two d co e ey ha ul mplt l pr bi r la e on l tma e non- s i naor r a o ,e n t e unr aed t t r quese ohi t ei nc egii t , dicrmi t y e s ns ve hos elt o he e t d ac om moda i woul ha a tr c e nce .I ahii st ton,a e o woul be c tond ve bszd ons que s n rng iua i n mpl yer d r uie t hie a t n a c moda e,an unqua ii a i a s e y be aus t ta ian eq r d o r , nd he c om t lfed pplc nt oll c e ha pplc t m e i d ar lgi r as f a omm odai i t i e v e ntone ei ous e on or cc ton n he ntr i w. l Roma sca e,t Cour cn n n' s he t nnotc i rRom a st vaia lt f Sunda wo k,bu onsde n' ma lbiiy or y r t i i f e t c i r hi a ptr s gnaton f om K r r i m pl t i er e ques i ,lm ie t s r e o ons de s bna e i i r oge , nco e e nt vi w tons i t d e ni a ia lt , a t i pe nc oft de ii a r6 Consde i t s l gii t ve ng val biiy nd he nde nde e he csonm ke . i rng he e e tma e andundiput r a onsSnm ' Cl ha a nce f nothii Roma t Cou tc ude t t s ed e s s ub s dva d or rng n, he r oncl s ha he c otesabls t the wasno hie bec us hec d notwor o Sunda Bec us Rom a nnn t ih ha t rd a e oul k n y. a e n c nnno sae a prm a f c e ca e on hi f l e t a ommodae cai ,t Cour GRANTS t t tt i ai s s aiur o cc t l m he t he M oto f r Sum m a y J in o r udgm e on t scl i . nt hi a m 6The a ssa m a gers c i r to ofRom a suna l lt on Sunda , e wihoutkn ng t r i ous s itnt na ' onsde ain n' vaiabiiy y ven t owi he elgi moi ton f t t una l lt as vi aed t quot lngua fom Chame s The ot r e de i t tva i or ha vaiabiiy, lo olt he ed a ge r l r. he vi nce n he r or i udi t de sonma ' consd aton oft Kr err i i i ec d- ncl ng he cii kers ier i he og esgnaton, ncompl eit e quesi ,and et neni w tons e ng a lbiiy- pr des a s f entbass fr t Cou t c l t tRoma c no s tsy t t r veni vaia lt ovi ufki i o he rt o oncude ha n an t aif he hid ee e oft t t lm nt he es. 12 I . V O TH ER M O TI NS O Al o be or t Cour a e Def nda ' M o i f Cont m pt f Pl ntf s s f e he t r e nt s ton or e or ai i f Nonc ompla e wih t Cour' Augus 1 201 Dic r Or r ECF N o.55,Pli tf s i nc t he ts t 4, 2 s ove y de , a n if M oton t Sti ECF No.6 Pl ntf Se nd M o i n t Sti ,ECF No.7 a Pli tf i o rke, 4, ai ifs co to o rke 0, nd a n ifs M oton f r Sanci ns ECF N o.71 The Cour has t oughl e mi d t m oto a f i o to . . t hor y xn ne he i ns nd or good ca e t e m otonsa e DEN I . us , hes i r ED V. C O N CL USIO N TheCour g a st M oton f Summ a y J m e i ise ie y.A1 o he m oto ar t r nt he i or r udg nt n t ntr t 1 t r i ns e de e An a oprae Or rs l is t sda nid. ppr i t de ha l s ue hi y. E n > NTER:Thi % - dayofJ r 201 s anua y, 3. # H . a C. zk J mes Tlr Se o Unie Stt sDititJ ni r t d a e src udge
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