-RSB Desper v. Lee et al, No. 7:2010cv00473 - Document 73 (W.D. Va. 2011)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 10/20/2011. (tvt)
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CLERKSOFFS U S. ST. CE DI COUC AT ROANOKE! VA FI ED L 2CT 22 2 1 21 I TH E U NI N TED STA TES DI RI T CO UR T ST C FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRI T O F V I G I I C R N A R O AN O K E DI I O N V SI JAM I PAUL DESPER, E JULA I BY; L CL EY, ERK CASE NO.7: 10CV0047 3 Pl nt f , ai if M EM O M N D UM O PI I N N O VS. SUPEW NTENDENT JACK LEE, AL , ZI By:Gln E.Conr e ad C hi fU nied St e D i t i tJudge e t at s s r c D efendant s. J m i PaulDe pe ,aVigni i t pr ee ng pr K , i e t s c vi r g s a ton n e s r r i a nma e oc di o t l d hi i l i ht c i . purua t 42U. C.j1 a t Rei ousLa Us a l tt i i dPes Ac s nt o S. 983 nd he lgi nd e nd nsiutonalze rons t ( PA) wi u idcinv se pzs n t 28U.. j1 31a d j1 43 De p ralg s RLUI , t rs ito e td l ua t o hj r SC. 3 n 3 . s e le e ta j io fcasitree wihh sa iiyt prciehi rlgo sb lesb f ri ghm t h t al fiil ne frd t i b l o a tc s ei iu eif y o cn i o t wac t l vii n pr r m m i ofa he r lgi de i ton a t e t ni hi wih l k th e e so og n ng not r e i ous nom na i nd hr a e ng m t oc d wni h ddn t e fr a sg e ce nn d te o hsSa b t o f e i o p ro m sin d la ig uis n i b ah.Hea s c mpan ta j i lo o lis h t al ofi il de e hi l ga ma e i l a a oprae f s r c Def ndan sha fl m otons fca s nid m e l t ras nd ppr i t ood e vie. e t ve ied i f rs mmayj dg n , r un t t s e ' camsaet x a tdu d r4 U. C. o u r u me ta g ig ha De p rs li r me h use n e 2 S. j 1 e()orwiho me i.Des rhasr ponde ma ngt motonsrpef diposton. 997 a t ut rt pe es d, ki he i i or s ii U pon co i r ton oft r c d, he c tc l st tt def nda sar en il d t ns de a i he e or t our onc ude ha he e nt e tte o sl r j g n a t De p rsrlgo rg t camsa dt t s e ' rmanigcams l mmay ud me t s o s e ' eiin ih s li n ha De p rs e i n li m us be s m a iy di m i s d. t um r l s s e 1 Pl i if s A lea tonsa Cl i s . a ntf l ai nd a m l hi s c am e d c pl i ,D e pe c r t i shi s l a a a r ntoft n s e ond nde om a nt s r ha ac erze m e f s n dhe e he Se nt DayAdvenit( ve hts SDA)r lgi fih.Asa SDA, beivest tSaur yi t ei ous at n he le ha t da s he Sa t whe be i ve sar t r f a n fom wor and bus ne st r s a w or hi God. W hie bba h, n le r e o e r i r k i s o e t nd s p l h wa ic re ae a t eM id eRie Re in l al MRRJ i 2 0 De p rf u dta c ran e s n ac r td t h d l v r go a J i I I n 01 , s e o n h t e ti j i p lce ween tc nsse t t hi S b l f.J i o fcasr q ie i mae t ce n al oiis r o o itn wi s DA ei s al fiil e urd n t s o la h e t i own cel dal and t r ae dal ce lbl k clani dute .De pe t d ofi r t t he r ls iy o ot t iy l oc e ng is s r ol fce s ha cea ng o hi Sa t da vi ae hi SDA bei sa as d t thenotber uie t c e n l ni n s bbah y olt d s lef nd ke ha eq r d o l a on t tda Ofi e st d hi t ti her f e t cea on hi a sgne ce ngday, he e ie ha y. fc r ol m ha f e us d o l n s s i d lani t ntr c l bl k ofi t swoul be Coc do ' c us ofhi .De pe wori t tot el oc nma e d t ked wn'be a e l m s r red ha her i aeswoul be a y a t e t n hi s f t i hi r f s lt c e n on hi Sa t day c us nm t d ngr nd hr a e s a ey f s e u a o l a s bbah a ed t m t be l ke do he o oc d wn. De p ras ds g e dwiht j i' p lc drcigta o S n a mo nng , nofie s e lo ia re t he als oiy ie tn h t n u d y r i s a fc r woul s tt celbl k t l vii t t c c c nne t tpl ye pr r co de r lgi d e he l oc e e son o he hur h hn l ha a d e e r d e i ous Am r nie.l ' or ng o s r hi s r i eswhih Des rde c i asC ih M e mo t ' Acc di t De pe , t s e vc c pe s rbes ç s p o rmmi gdncu e d ve t a h (iln tfn a p o raeo i l wi hi o r g n n ç ld g l iws h t e dd o i d p r p it r n i t s wn i ne h bei f .'2 Ofk i l t eaene i aeswih punihme i t c ng t c nne ort ne le s ' t as hr t d nm t t s nt f hey ha ed he ha l ur d t t l son of .De pe t d ofk e st thi l i swe ebei vi a e ' t spr c i he eevii f s r ol t r ha s s ght r ng olt d'by hi a tce. r De pe c s r ompli t ti t a M M RJc d notg t t lw lbr r t do l al a ns ha nma es t oul o o he a i a y o eg r s a c polc r quie t m t fl r ques sw ih l w lbr y s a ff co esofs cii c e e r h; i y e r d he o ie e t t a i ar t f or pi pe fc ode s cinso c u t e iin , n tej i ddn t r v d aj i us at r yt h l imae wi e to r o r d cso s a d h al i o p o i e al e tone o ep n ts t ho h lg l tes I Jme2 0, s e s n r q et t teji lw lb ay saf a kngfrs e i e a matr . n t 01 De p r e t e u ss o h al a irr tf, s i o p ct k l ga ma e i shewa e t s e, ea e t hi sae c i na pr e ngsa hi ci lrght .He e l t ral nt d o e r lt d o s t t rmi l oce di nd s vi i s 1Dee d ns atd visa dt j iopeaigprc d ei caet tt tlviinprgrmmi fn a t' fi a t n he al rtn o e ur ndi t ha he ee so o n ng pr de on Sunday m or ngsf i eswastnon- nom i i .' Des doesnotpoi t a ovi d ni or nmat ç de natonal' per nt o ny pari aras tcul pectoft pr am t tcaus hi t bele i w asAm ih M e he ogr ha ed m o ive t s nnonie. t 2 I hi r pons t def s' i , n s es e o endant m otons Des ralo alegest tofk i sr use hi i e pe s l ha t al ef d s nmat r ques t i ementan SDA r i ouss vie f i es l i cl t he di notcom plt t e t o mpl elgi er c or nmat . t s ear hat d e e he g iva epr c s a t t i cam be o eflngt lws t a r q r p s a tt 42U. C. 1 e a, re nc o e s s o hs li f r ii he a ui, s e uied uru n o S. j 997 () and he doesnotas t a endt ac i t brngt saddii cl m . Accor ngl t cl m i not ko m he ton o i hi tonal ai di y, he ai s pr l bef et cour and w ilnotbeaddr s her opery or he t l es ed e. a s as d f l gali or ai pe t ni t anot ri t sc e. St f r ponded by a ki lo ke or e nf m ton rai ng o he nma e' as a f es s ng how t r se ie sr a e t Des r sown lgalmate s sncehewasnotal he eque td tm elt d o pe ' e tr , i lowed t as it o ss o he i t swih l lm a tr . Hea s rst tbe a eheha i de t a ce st l l t r nma e t ega te s s e t ha c us d na qua e c s o ega maeil a M M RJ hewa u a l t mo n a t d q aed fn ei hi ci n lra gn )wa tras t , s n be o u t n û e u t ee s n s rmia til a d s a s ntnc d t 80ye r wih 60yea ss pe e e e o as t r us nded.' ' De pe a s f s r lo ound f s r c a M M RJt belcki J i sa fs r edm easc d a ood e vie t o a ng. a l t f e v l ol nd r us t a l i t t he tt m i t uni mi r ves s r edm ea t twasnotc ef ed o low nma es o a he n he t c owa ; e v t ha ooke d t oughl s r d ou da e orr t n s l d orfui;s r e onl t m e spe day o t hor y; e ve t t d ote a a r t e v d y wo al r n he wee ndswiho s fc e l i r sngt pori sze s ast pr de a qua enutii , ke t ut ufi i nty nc ea i he ton i s o o ovi de t rton' a on oneocc i s r d f wih m a si i. nd ason, e ve ood t ggot n t De pe a s M M RJofki l ve baly a t ough i ae r ques f s r dvied t a s r l nd hr nm t e t onnsa nd gre ivmwest thewasa SDA a t ti vi ae hi belef t c e n on Saur y a t be ha n nd ha t ol td s i s o l a t da nd o f c t w a c non- A pr a m i on t l vii Uns ts i d w ih ofk i l 'g i vanc or ed o t h SD ogr m ng e e s on. a i fe t t a s r e e r pons ,Des ras d f ra alf ms bu di notr c vet m .Des rt n fl t scvi es es pe ke o ppe or , t d e ei he pe he ied hi i l rg sa ton.l hi s co a nde c i ht c i n s e nd me d ompli ,fl d on Dec m be 1 2010, as e t t ant ie e r 0, he s rs he f l ngnumberdcams ( )Dee nt t xecie delbeaei fe e et ( s olowi e li : 1 fnda s t r s d i rt ndifr nc o hil e c ompl i sa c e sa ant nd onc m bouthi r i o be i sa pr tc s n vi a i ofDe pe ' s elgi us lef nd ac ies' 'i olton s rs rgh sunde RLUI t Fr Execiea Esa ihme Cluss3( Lil a Ni s it r PA,he ee r s nd tbls nt a e ; 2) ly nd cholon i ere e wih De persrgh t a ce st c t by de ng hi r quessf rl li o ma i nt f r d t s ' i t o c s he ours nyi s e t o ega nf r ton; ( dee nt weedelbeael i fee t Depe' ç alhco ensf t ki off t 3) fnda s r i rt y ndifrnt o s rs t t nc r or he nd ood he he 3 I t sat e ofhi r i ousri scl m , Des m e i onl t Sunda mor ng n he t em nt s elgi ght ai per ntons y he y ni t evii pr amm i The de endant i er e t cl m asalo chalengi t cl ng polcy. el son ogr ng. f s nt pr t he ai s l ng he eani i j i sr e . De p rs e smo eayd ma e a dij n tv r l ft c re tte ep o lmsf r al e v s' s e e k n tr a g s n nu cie ei o o rc h s r be o ' e ot M M RJ i at 4 her nm es. I . Di c son I s us i Ana r o s mma yj d me ti a p o raewh n 'hep e dng ,hed s o r a d wa d f u r u g n s p r p it e ' la i s t ic vey n t dicoslem aera son fl a a afi viss s l tr t il ie, nd ny tda t how t tt r i no ge nei s ast a ha he e s nui s ue o ny maeil a t ndt a t emo a ti e t ldt j d me ta amatro lw. F D. Cl P. tra f c a h t h v n s ni e o u g n s te f a ' E R. V. t ' 5 () Fo apat se i e c t rieag n i is o maeil a ts fiin t a od 6 c . r ry' v d n e o as e une sue f tra f c u fce t o v i s mmayj d me ti mus bet u hta ar a o a l jzyc u dr tr aved c f rt en n u r u g n ,t t l c h t e s n be t o l eu n r it o h o s r movi pa t ' Andes v. be t Lobby.I .477U. 242, (1 .I ma ngt s ng ry.' ron Li rv nc, S. 248 986) n ki hi de e m i ton,ç he co ti r quie t vi w t f t a dr w r s bl i e e es i a lght t r na i é t ur s e r d o e he ac s nd a ea ona e nf r nc n i mos fvorbl t t nonmovi pa t ' Sha v.Stoud,1 F. 791 798( hCi.1 . t a a e o he ng ry.' w r 3 3d , 4t r 994) A p rys e i sl r j d me tb a steiiil u d no s o n tea e c o a a t e kng t mma y u g n e r h nta b r e f h wig h bsn e f g n ieis eo maeil a t Ceoe Co . Car t, 7U. 31 , 2 ( 98 ) The ,he e un su f tra fc . ltx m v. te t47 S. 7 3 3 1 6 . n t bur n s f st t nonm ovi pa t t s de hi t o he ng r y o how t ts h a i s doe ,i f t exi t Se ha uc n s ue s n ac , s . e M as s i Elc l d s Co.Lt . Ze ihRa i Co .4 5U. 5 4, 8 - 7( 9 6 .To tu ht e .n u . e d v. nt do m , 7 S. 7 5 6 8 1 8 ) a f rsal l r j dg n ,h n n vigpa t mus s t o t mo et naç r . s itla o e tlsl y u me tt e o mo n ry t e f rh r ha û e . cn il mma me . ofe de .'Ande s 477 U. a 252.Att ve y l s,t no vi nce' r on, S. t he r ea t he nmovi pa t c nnotd r t ng ry n t eae c a genui i s ofm a e i f c t oug m e e s cul ton ort buidi ofone i e enc upon ne s ue t ral a t hr h r pe a i he l ng nf r e a t e . Be l v. r v, 6 F.d21 , 4(t Ci. 9 5 ( igBa wikv. ltx Co . noh r' ae Had 7 9 2 3 21 4h r 1 8 ) dtn r c Ceoe m , ' 736F. 946,963( h Ci.1 ) 2d 4t r 984). 4 D es notfed t courti Fe uar 20l1t he had been tansf r t M eckl per ii he n br y hat r er ed o enbur g Co r cina Ce tr aprs n fclt op r tdb teVigni De rme tofCo rc i ( re to l ne , io a iiy e ae y h r i a pa t n re tons VDOC) . A . Pr lm i r M a t r e i na y te s Asani talmatr Des rc nnotltgaehi j 1 camsonbehafofot ri tsa nii te , pe a ii t s 983 li l he nmae t M M RJwhom hebe ivesha be orm a be, r by t c le d polci . Se le ve en, y ha med he hal nge i es e Humme v. lon,657F. 621 625- ( hCi.1 1 ( di aprs ne pr e ngpr . r Dat 2d , 626 4t r 98 ) hol ng io r oce di oK m a nots ve asa tkni e r nt'f ot ri a e , m a o y s e t e or e hi o n y er t ght r a ' or he nm t s but y nl e k o nf c s w rg t) l mae v Owe , 61F.d5 0(t Ci. 9 7 (osaecv l ih scam, anifmus ih s; n ts . ns 5 2 6 4h r 1 7 ) t tt ii rg t li plitf t aleg f c sde l e a t monsr tng t the hi s l ha s t ne orwils t i de i ton ofrght ta i ha m e f s usai d, l usan, prva i i , prvieg ori miy s urdbyt c tt i orfdeallw) Se as M oos LodgeNo. i l e mmt t ec e he onsiuton e r a . e lo e 1 7v.r i, 7U..1 3 1 6( 9 2 ( ltg n ç a sa dn t s e rd e sf rij re d ne 0 lvs 40 S 6 , 6 1 7 ) a i a ts s tn ig o e k e r s o n u is o i h t hm, u ma n ts e r d e sf rij re d n t oh r' Ac o dngy t t ee tn ta o i b t y o e k e rs o nu is o e o te s). c r i l ,o h x e t h t Des rs kst vi c t t rght ofot i t s hi c pe ee o ndi a e he i s her nma e , s ompli tm us bedim is an t s s ed. Al n t e esmeln s b c u eDep rh sb e ta serda di n lng rs j c t o g h s n i e , e a s s e a e n rn fre n s o o e ube to t ej ipoiista h c aln e h r , i camsf rijmcier l f s b ds se a h al l e h t e h le g s e e h s li o n t tv ei mu t e imisd s c e m moot5 Rendel an v Rous 569F.d 18 18 8 ( h Ci.2009)(i ngtanse rndeed . e, 3 2, 6- 7 4t r fndi r fr e r . mo tap io e ' camsfrij n tv a dd caao yrle, u n thscamsfrmo eay o rs n rs li o nu cie n e lrt r eif b t o i li o n tr d ma e ) Th r f r , s e ' camsfrij n tv r l f s b d s se n g s. e eo e De p rs li o nu cie ei mu t e imis d. e 5 De p rag st thi camsf ij nci rle aen tmoo,bea eh mih ha e s e rue ha s li ornu tve eif r o t c us e g t v pr emsexer sng hi r i ousbelef a t i tt i w her he i now confned. Thecourtfndsno obl cii s elgi i s t he ns iuton e s i i m ertt t sa gum ent Thedef ndant i t sl ui,who a e M RRJofk i s have no aut iy over i o hi r . e s n hi aws t r t al , hort condii orpolci athi c r prs f lt whi i oper t by t VDOC.Rendel tons i es s urent ion aciiy, ch s a ed he man,569 F.da 1 6- (ee tngimae' cam t tta frfo saet fdea prsnrgadi rlgou 3 t 8 87 rjci n t s li ha rnse rm tt o e rl io e r ng eii s exer s wasnot( cie t capabl ofr ii yetevadi r e 's ast pr e epetton ng eviw' o o eventpl ntf ' cl m sf ai ifs ai or ij tverle u e RLUI fom ben r nd rd moo b ta f r.M orov r Des e ma no a d nunci e if nd r PA r ig e e e t y rnse ) e e , p r y t voi d s sa o hsij ncier le camsa i tt eMRRJofiil o t es c ltvec n et the imis l f i n u tv eif li gans h fcas n h pe uai ha c ha mi tber t r dt M RRJa s metmei t ft r .I u av. mit 50 F. 281 2 ( hCi. gh e une o t o i n he u u e nc ma Oz n , 7 3d , 89 4t r 2 ) 007 . 5 B . Relgi Ri sCl i s i ous ght a m RLU I Cl i s PA a m Seci j2000c - ( )ofRLUI pr bissaeprs nofiil fom s tnily ton c1a PA ohi t tt io fcas r ubsa tal bu de nga i t se c s ofhi snce el hed r i ousbe i se e by t l s r ni n nma e' xer ie s i r y l elgi lef xc pt he ea t r src i m e nsnec s r t f t ra c e titve a es a y o urhe ompeli govem me a i e es. The saut doesnot lng nt l nt r t tt e , howe r a horzec am sf m one dn a ag ns prs pe s ve , ut i l i or y m ges ai t ion r onnelf a tonst n i t i or c i ake n he r ofkilc pactes M a s v. r i a, F. 11 1 (t Ci. t a a ii . dion Vicni 474 3d 8, 33 4h r 2006) Mor ove,t . e r he U nie St t s Co tofA ppe l f t Fo t Cic thasnle t tRLU I doe no a horze t d a e ur a s or he ur h r ui l d ha PA s t ut i ca msf mone dnmage a i ta ofk ilwho i s d i hi i vi lca iy i r la li or y s gans n t a s ue n s ndi dua pact n e ince o t Spe ng Cl us f e oft sa ut 6 R e de m a , F.3d a 1 Cons que l t n he ndi a e ac t he t t e. n l n 569 t 89. e nty, he c u t o cu e t t ee d n sa ee tte t s mmayj d me ta t De p rsRLUI A o r c n ld s ha d fn a t r n i d o u r u g n s o s e ' l P camsf rmo eayrle . Se as J b a v. r t, 10 c 2 6( E/ li o n tr eif e lo a b r BunetNo. :9 v 4 TS TCB) 201 W L , 0 3 7 1 5 * ( D. . 01 )( a n mo tr camst e RLUI a an t al ro e 6 1 5 , 9 E. Va 2 0 b ni g nea y li md r PA g i s j ipes nn l a tngi ofki ori vi c pa iy) M uwwa lv. ohns No.7: ci n t al ndi dual a ct ; kki J on, 09CV0031 201 W L 8, 0 3 8 9 3 * n 6( . Va 2 0 ( rn igs mma yj d me ta t RLUI camsfr 5 5 8 , 6 . W D. . 01 ) g a tn u r u g n s o PA li o moneaydn ges. tr ma ) 2. Fr e Exe c s Cl m s e r i e ai The Fis Am e rt ndmen pr t c san i vi ua ' rghtt t fe exe cieofr lgi n.U. t oe t ndi d ls i o he r e r s ei o S. Cons . m e 1 To sae ac am t tp ion ofk i l orr ultonsha vi a e hi rg t fe t a nd . tt l i ha rs t a s eg ai ve olt d s i ht o r e exe c s pli ifmus fr tpr t the hol asnc er lgi be if aso r ie, antf t is ove ha ds i er e i ous le , ppos t a s ul ed o ec ar 6 N eihert Fourh Cicui nort Unied St t Supr Courthasyetaddr s t quesi t he t r t he t aes eme es ed he ton ofwhe heraRLUI cl m coul a ie unde t Com mer Cl epori oft sat e. See t PA ai d rs r he ce aus ton he t ut Re man,569 F. at189. Des ,how e ,f ist alege any f ss ndel 3d per ver a l o l act uggesi t thi compl nt tng ha s ai s agai tM RRJofi al coul qualf asactonabl cl m sundert Com mer Cl e s ton of ns fci s d iy i e ai he ce aus ec i RLUI . PA 6 pr e e ,a t tt ofi a a ton orr gul ton s t i l bur d hi e r s oft ef r nce nd ha he fcil c i e ai ubsantaly dene s xe cie hat beif Hena v. le . r ndez Comm',490U. 68 699( 989) c di t t SuprmeCour, r S. 0, 1 .Ac or ng o he e t ats tntalbur n'i onet tç lls tnta pr s eo a a rntt tubsa i de 's ha t s ubsa il esur n n dhee o put modiy hi be vi a t vi a ehi be if ,' f s ha or nd o olt s le s'Thomasv. viw Bd.ofl Re e nd. Empl ntSe Di , U. 707,71 ( 981,oronet tf ce ape s t oyme c. v.450 S. 81 ) ha or s ron o ûc shoos bewee f l ngt pr c pt ofhe r i i a f f ii e t n olowi he e e s r elg on nd ore tng (ove nme a)beneis ont oneha a a g r ntl ft, he nd, nd bandoni oneoft pr e sof ng he ec pt h rrlgo . . nt oh r n , S eb r v Ven r 3 4U. 3 8 4 4( 9 3 . e eiin . o he te ha d' h r e t . r e, 7 S. 9 , 0 1 6 ) ' Lovea ev.Le 47 F.d 17 1 ( hCi. lc e, 2 3 4, 87 4t r 2006) Pli ifmus pr notonl t t . antf t ove y ha de e nt plce a s tnta bur n on hi a lt t e cs hi r lgi pr c ie,butalo f nda s a d ubsa il de s biiy o xer ie s ei ous a tc s t tt y knowi l di s i dve tntorneglg ti e f r nc wih a i a e' r lgi ha he ng y d o; na re i en nt re e e t n nm t s ei ous pr c i e doe notr s t c tt i lpr po tons l a 1 a tc s i e o ons iutona o r i . d. t 94. I de er nc t t e rieofprs ofk i si ma ng t ditc tc l sof n f e e o he xpe ts ion t al n nagi he fi ul halenge prs a i sr ton,e n whe aprs polcy s tntaly btr nsa i ae' abiiy t ion dm nitai ve n ion i ubsa i l zde n nm t s lt o pr c i hi r i o belef , he polc w ihs a a Fi s Am e a tce s elgi us i s t i y t t nds r t ndm e c le s l a i i nt ha l nge o ong s t s r tonaly r a e t f r he a ofa l gii a e g a i l el t d o u t r nce e tm t over m e a i t r t O ' n nt l n e es . Lone v. Es a e of tt Sha z 482U. 342,349( 987) Tur rv. fe 48 U. 78 8 91( ) l Tume ,he ba z, S. 1 ; ne Saly, 2 S. , 9- 1987 . n rt Supr m eCour i ntfed f z f c or r e n t dee m i ng t r as na ene sofac le d e t de ii otr a t s elva t o t r ni he e o bl s hal nge prs r gulton:( )whehe at i rtona c ci 'e ssbewe nt r ultona a ion e ai 1 t r l d,ai l onne ton' xit t e he eg ai nd val lgtmaea dn u rlg v r me tlitr s' b wh te atr aieme n o e ecsn te e ii t n e ta o en na nee t ( ) eh r len tv a s f x r iig h , a sre c tt i rg rmanope t i t 'c)whehe ac ommodai t ase td se td onsiutonal iht e i n o nmaes ( , t r c tng he s re rghtwilhavea ad rei c onsaf i t , prs rs zc ;a ( whehe i l n ves mpa t tf,nmaes and ion e olres nd d) t r a t m a i m e ur ar r adiy a ia e t a es pr s c le tve as es e e l va l bl o ddr s i on once sw hie a s ac om m oda i m l lo c tng t i at sr i ouspr i he nm e' elgi actces. 482 U . at89S. 91. A ppl ng t s pr nc pl he e, he c tc l st tt def nda s a e e il t yi he e i i es r t our onc ude ha he e nt r ntted o s ummayj r udgmen ast Des rsr iiusrg sdamsunde t Fis Ame me .Depe ' t o pe ' elgo iht i r he rt nd nt s rs s r e f c ualalega i do no i c t t the a a tm e, xpl i d t t def nda s i a pa s a t l tons t ndi a e ha , t ny i e a ne o he e nt n ny d tit s cfctn t of sS rlgo sb l f o h w a yof h c le g dj i p lce ealhe pe i e es hi DA ei iu ei s r o n t e haln e al o iis e s t ntal bur nedt ebe if . I hi i e c m pl nt a gre nc s he sm pl satd ubsa i ly de hos le s n s nmat o ai s nd i va e , i y t e t tasa SDA, ç e vl Saur y a t Lor sda 'a c ane t tofies ha n he l r edl t da s he d' y' nd ompli d ha fc r obs çhrae edlt l ( mldownwhe ( di no cla on ( s rlgi da 'a çor d û e tnl o ock hi t n he d) t e n hi) ei ous y' nd i ce f g m)t wac 'heSunda mor ngrlgi t e sonpr r m. hi o th't y ni ei ous elvii og n Def nda sof e unc r di t d e de e t ti a es c e ni dute a e ne es a y i e nt f r ont a c e vi nc ha nm t ' l a ng i s r c s r n o d rf rt j it p o d as f, la a petfe e vr n n f ri mae i c mp in e r e o he al o r vie a e ce n, nd s-re n io me t o n t s n o la c w ih a i bl he lh a s f t s a r . U nde t c e ni s he e,D e pe w o d onl t pplca e a t nd a e y t nda ds r he l a ng c dul s r ul y oc sona l ha pule t c l bl cea ng dut on hi Sa h,whe hi as i ne da f l ca i ly ve l d he e l ock l ni y s bbat n s sg d y el, by c ncde e,o Sa ur y.Hedoesnotal gef t i c tngt tt de e oi i nc n t da le acs ndi ai ha he f ndant we ecl ry s r ea l notfe ho t e s m pl ,pe i c cl ani dute s t ntaly bur ne hi r i ouspr c i e. i i d w hes i e r odi e ng i s ubsa i l de d s elgi a tc Dee da t as o frt ip td e ie c ta ji p lc d dn trq r imae t fn ns lo fe mds ue vd n e h t al o iy i o e uie n ts o w a c t St da m or ng r i i uspr r m m i t tofi e sm e e y t ned i o a ce ti t h he m y ni elg o og n ng, ha fc r r l ur t n t ra n tm e a madehe phone a ia ef i aeswho wa edt he rt s i s nd ad s va lbl or nm t nt o a he ound ta k oft rc he pr r .7 Des rdoesnota lge f t i c tng t tt br dc toft r lgi pr a i og am pe le ac s ndia i ha he oa as he ei ous ogr m n t celbl k hn pe ed hi i a wa fom pm i pa i i ot ra i te durng t ttm e he l oc m r m n ny y r ci tng n he ctvii s i ha i . He a s doe notpoi t a pa tc a as c oft pr r m i t tw a of e i o c r y lo s nt o ny r i ul r pe t he og am ng ha s f ns ve r ontar t hi ow n be i f . I ed,he doesnote a n ho he l a ne oft vi w se e s on t o s le s nde xpl i w e r d he e xpr s ed he pr n t es hevolmt rl donne hea ogr m ml s t a iy d dphone t lse t t evi . s o it n o hos ews M or ove , pe doesno c e r Des r t ompli t tt c l d M M RJpolci i e f r wih a n ha he halenge i es nt re ed t hi a lt t worhi a hes w ftonhi Sa ur y Sa t l s q he smpl doesno f e s s biiy o s p s a i s t da bba h. n hor i y t or ca t 1 The M RRJ I at Handbook sat t dchur s vi wilbe br nm e t es hat t ch er ces l oadcas overt t evi on t he el si o e c p de eyS n a a c rant s'h th s srie aeç o d n miain l' n ta n a h o v l u d y t eti i y ta tee evc s r G n e o n t a, a d h t me ' n o ' tgl mae wihl t wac t ss r iema d s ' ( No. - a 7. Gin t s s ng o th hi e vc y o o. ECF 40 1 t ) ' e denc by whi hhec d pr t tdef nda swe eon notc t t c lnge polces vi e c oul ove ha e nt r ie hat he hale d i i s t nta l btr nedhi SDA r lgi pr c ies ubsa ily lde s e i ous a tc .Het f l t de onsr t t tt i hus ais o m ta e ha her chal nge a tonsconsiut d a hi mor t n i dve tntorneglg i t re e e wih hi le d ci tt e nyt ng e ha na re i ent n e f r nc t s e r s ofhi r lgi bele s a ass h,f l t sa ea c tt i na cli . Lo l e, 47 xe cie s e i ous if , nd uc ais o tt onsiuto l a m 8 ve ac 2 F. a 18 a 1 4. 3d t 7 nd 9 Fu t r o e de e nt ha de rhe m r , f nda s ve monsr t d t t polci De pe c le ta e hat he i es s r hal ngesar e r as e onabl i lg oft f Tlr rf t s 482 U . a 89- . Kee ng t pr s e n i ht he our lne ac or . S. t 91 pi he i on e vio me tce nf rh r t ej i' ce ra dn ur ln ee t i p e e tn is c o r d n n r n n la u te s h als la n e ta itr ss n r v n ig n e t r o e t i e t tons a wel as e i i tng hea t r s f i a esand s a f D e e nt alo of e nf s a i s l lm na i lh iks or nm t t f . f nda s s f r e de t tkee ng aunior cla ng r a i a ong i t i t c l bl r duce vi nce ha pi f m e ni otton m nma es n he e l ock e s c omplc tonsf t s f s r n sma gi t r t ton,who mus a r ad de lwih ia i or he hit e gea t na ng he o a i t le y a t she ui d fiul e c usdb i t atiini t lc l alstig Th S nd ymo n n c d l ifc t s a e y nmae trto n he o a j i etn . e u a r i g ng i t l vii polc f rhe sal tma egove n e a i e e taswe l M a ngt r lgi e e son iy u t r egii t r m nt l nt r s l. ki he ei ous p o rmmiga albl t imae o Smd ymon n s vi h a ph n s a de s st ej i' r g n n v i e o n ts n t a r i g , a e d o e , d r se h als a c tt i lr ponsbiiy t pr de r as bl a omm odai n f rt bei f ofi aeswho onsiutona es i lt o ovi e ona e cc to o he le s nm t w a t w a c r i ouspr r m m i on St nt o t h elgi og a ng mday m or ng, hie l vi o he i a es lke ni w l ea ng t r nm t , i D e pe ,t f e c ce t w a c a ls e t t pr n ort i e i. Cha ng t c ea ng s r he r e hoi o t h nd it n o he ogr m o gnor t ngi he l ni a t lvii polc e woul a r e y i nd ee son ii s d dve s l mpac ot ri aesa sa f by complc tngt t he nm t nd t f, ia i he 8 Asa atr tvego df s mmayj dg n,d fn nt aee ildt q lfe i niy. n lenai run or u r u me t ee da s r ntte o uaiid mmu t A gover nmentofk i r vesqualfed i muniy agai tc ai sf dam a t t ext t hi f al ecei ii m t ns l m or ges o he ent hat s Ec lonductdoesnotvi at clary esabls s ut y orconsiutonalrght ofwhi a r onabl ol e e l t ihed ut or tt i i s ch eas e pe s nwo dha kn ' Hal v. tm r l 4 U. 8 0,81 ( 9 ) Hef fiss h i niy ro ul ve own. row Fiz e ad, 57 S. 0 8 1 82 . oret uc mmu t ' onl i Ehec t r oft rg (r ls fi inl cla t tar a o beofiilwo dun rt n t a y f ç onou s he iht ae u fce ty e r ha e s na l fca ul de sa d h t t wha h i doi vi ae t trg . And ronv. eg t n, 3 U. 63 638( 98 ) De pe ha n t e s ng olts ha iht' e s Cr ih o 48 S. 5, 1 7 . s r s ot ' demonsr t t thepr ded def ta ed ha ovi endant wih s fci de aisaboùthi r i ouspr i s ast s t ufi ent t l s elgi actces o o m ake t awar t tt c l hem e ha he halenged polci vi at hi rghtt fee e cie ofhi belef i t prs i es ol ed s i o r xer s s i s n he ion cont xt e . 9 cea ng s hed ea ei nai t r i oust e son opton t ts ei a e ma de ie. l ni c ul nd lmi tng he elgi elvii i ha om nm t s y sr Assa e De pe f ist demonsr t t hehasno ot me ofexe cii hi own SDA tt d, s r a l o ta e hat her ans r sng s r lgi belef ,s h asw or hi ng on Sa tr y,s udyi a pr yi Fi ly, f ist e i ous i s uc s ppi tlda t ng, nd a ng. na l he a l o de ons r t a l s r t i tve aler tve polc t tw o d a s ac om pls t s m e pr s m t a e ny e s es rc i t na i i y ha ul l o c i h he a i on o j cie . b e tv s A c di y, he c tc ude t tDes r f ist s a e f c s de ons r i t t cor ngl t our oncl s ha pe a l o t t a t m tatng ha de e f ndan sknowi y t k a ton s t nta l bur ni hi r i o pr tc a de enda s t ngl oo c i ubsa i ly de ng s elgi us ac ie, nd f nt aee tte t sl r u g n a t h sj 1 8 camsu d rteF e Execs Clus . r nild o lmma yj d me t s o i 9 3 li n e h r e r ie a e 3. Es a i hm e Cl us Cl i t bls nt a e a m D e pe alo a s t t tt r i oust l vi i pr n m i polc vi a e hi rght s r s s ers ha he elgi e e s on ogr m ng i y ol t d s i s unde t Es a i hm e Cl us ,bec us he w asaleg y t or e ' o w a ch r lgi i s wih r he t bls nt a e a e l edl d c d' t f t e i ous dea t w hi h he di nota e The c t i no co tt i lc ai her . c d gr e. our f nds ns iutona l m e The prnc pl t tgove nm e m a a om m oda e t f ee e r i e of i i e ha r nt y cc t he r xe c s r lg on doe nots r edet fmdame a lmi i i ei i s upe s he t nt l i à tons mpos byt ed he Es a ihm e Cl us l i be t bls nt a e. t s yond di put t t a a m i m um , he Cons iuton s e ha , t ni t tt i g r nt est tgove n e m a notc r a ua a e ha r m nt y oe ce nyone t s o uppor orpa tc pa e i t rii t n rlgi orisexecie orot r s ac i awa whihGetbls sa(t el ei on t r s , he wie t n y c tsa ihe sat r lgi orr i ousf t o t nds t do s ' e i on elgi aih, r e o o. ' Leev.W es n,505U. 577,587( 992)( tngLync v. nnel 465U. 668,678 ima S. 1 quoi h Do ly, S. ( 984).l Lee t Supr Co tr edt ti l ngprye sbyar bbidurngpublcmi e 1 ) n ,he eme ur ul ha ncudi a r a i i ddl s hoolg adua i c r oni svi a e suden s rght t de t Es a i hm e Cl us bec us c r ton e em e ol t d t t ' i s m r he t bls nt a e a e t prye , e e edbyt shoolsc ence i wass nove telgi e r iei lll he a r pr s nt he c ' hos lrc, t a r r i ous xe cs n a' l e r ntwhee...s l c ri prsur e s a wheet gii nt ha nor l nvionme r ubte oecve e s es xit nd r he ltga l d ea aler tvewhihwoul ha alowe he t a dt fc ora rnc ofpa tcpai ' J-a t nai c d ve l d r o voi he a t ppeaa e rii ton. ., t '4 588. On t o he ha a pr s spolc ofbr dca tng Clr s i n r i i pr n sasone of he t r nd, i on' iy oa s i li ta elg ous ogr m s ve a cha e r l nnelc c s on t prs st l vi i ne wor di no vi a e t Es a i hm ent hoi e he i on' e e s on t k d t ol t he t bls Clus .Se He ronv. a 1 Fe App' 5 5 1 ( h Ci.2006) I t f l t a e e nde s Frnk, 90 d. x 07, 09- 0 7t r . nmaes aied o de ons r t a ad r e ac i n t ke aga ns t m f f ii t w a c t r lgi m t a e ny ve s to a n i t he or a lng o t h he e i on pr r m m i a t prs pr de ot ropporunii sf re r s ofr i ousbelef , og n ng, nd he ion ovi d he t te o xe cie elgi i s i l ng non-elgi pr n mi I TheEsa ihm e çclus doesno r quieaprs n nc udi r i ous ogr m ng. d. t bls nt i a e te r io t pr dei ntca worhi opport ii sf e r r lgi s torg oup, butne d onl o ovi de i l s p t te or ve y ei ous ec m r ' ' e y pr de a lprs r w ih G ea ona e opporunii ' t e r s t i r lgi usf e dom . Cr v. ovi l i one s t t s bl r t tes' o xe ci e he r e i o r e uz Beo 4 5U. 31 , 2 n. ( 9 2 (e c ra . t , 0 S. 9 3 2 2 1 7 ) p r u im) D e pe ' a l ga i a e no s t i ntt s s r s le tons r t ufk e o uppor an Es a i hm e Cl e c a m t t bls nt aus l i co e ni t M RRJ Sunda m or ng t l s on pr n m i D e pe of e sno e denc i nc r ng he y ni e evi i ogr m ng. s r f r vi e n s uppor ofhi as e ton t thewasf c orr quie t wac a lse t t r lgi t s s ri ha or ed e r d o th nd it n o he ei ous pr a s o t the f ce a s t puni hm e or s nc i i he f ie t do s The ogr m , r ha a d ny or of s nt a ton f a l d o o. r uie e t ti t sc dno c eq r m nt ha nma e oul t hanget t l vii c nne o Sunda mor ng doe not he e e son hn l n y ni s e t w ih a m a t t tt y ac ualy pa a a t nton wha s ve t t pr n be ng qua e t nda e ha he t l y ny te i t oe r o he ogr m i br dc t Des a s f l t a l ge f c s de onsr tng t the ha no r s bl o r unii oa as . per l o ais o le a t m ta i ha d ea ona e ppo t tes a M RRJ t exe cie hi own r i ousbe i f . Fi ng no m a e i f ti di put t co t t o r s s elgi le s ndi t ral ac n s e, he ur c n ld st tted fn n saee t ldt s mmayj d me ta amatro 1w a t De p rs o cu e ha h ee da t r ni e o u r u g n s te f a s o s e ' t Es abls entCl us c ai . t i hm a e lm C . Fa lle t Exha tA d i s r tve Re e e itr o us m ni t a i m di s ThePrs Lii tonRefnn Ac (t ion tgai o tû PLRA' pr de ,a ngot rt ngs t ta ' ovi s mo he hi ,ha ) prs rc nnotb i aci la ton c ione n rng vi c i once ni prs c tonsuntlhehasfr te used r ng ion ondii i is xha t a ia ea nitai rme e .Nusl v. t ,53 U. 51 5 ( valbl dmi srtve e dis se Porer 4 S. 6, 24 2002) Toc ywih . ompl t j1997 a,a i t mus f l ea hse oft esa ihe a nitai pr dur t tt e() n nmae t olow c tp he tbls d dmi srtve oce e ha he prs npr de t prs sandmee aldea i wihi t tpr dur befr flnghi j1 io ovi s o ioner t l dlnes t n ha oce e o e ii s 983 11 a to Se W o d o dv Nc 5 8U.. , 0 9 ( 0 6 .< na mi itaierme yi n t cin. e o f r . o, 4 S 81 9 - 4 2 0 ) ; d nsrtv e d s o A) c i r t ha be n a ia ei aprs ne ,t ough no f ul ofhi own,wa pr ve e fom onsde ed o ve e va lbl f io r hr a t s s e nt d r a lnghi efofi. M ooev.Be te,51 F. 71 725( hCi.2008) vaii msl t' ' r nnet 7 3d 7, 4t r . I mae arvn a M RRJaeo ine t t ej i' imaeg iva c pr c d r a d n t s ri ig t r re td o h als n t re n e o e u e n r ceveac oft l ae Ha boo whi h i ude ade a ld des rpton oft g iva e e i opy he nm t nd k, c ncl s t ie ci i he re nc pr dur . A n i a e who w a st fl a gre nc m us tr tus pr r m e nst r s ve t oce es nm t nt o ie i va e t i s e ope a o e ol he is i or l I t sfr tse i uns ce s u , hei ae ma tl agreva e,t whi s ue nf maly. f hi is tp s uc s f l t nm t y ie i nc o ch ofi i l mus nor a l r s fc a s t m ly e pond i wrtng wihi t n da . An i aewho dia e wih t n ii t n e ys nm t s gr es t he g iva er s eha 24ho sfom r c p oft tr pons t a al usng t a a f m re nc e pons s ur r e eit ha es e o ppe , i he ppe l or pr ded. The a a r s ovi ppe l e pons i a fnalde s on on t i s es i ci i he s ue. Ac or ng t def nt 'e de ,Des ' gre ncefl r te t t thefld i t c di o enda s vi nce pers i va ie el c s ha ie nma e gre nc /11 on Aug t1 201 c iva e / 754 us 0, 0, ompl i ngt tofi e sde e hi r s sf s c fc ani ha fc r nid s eque t or pe ii l lm aera sbef et da e a i t greva e #1 ega t il or hat t , nd nma e i nc 2622 o Nove ber5,2009, n m c ompl ni t thi f wa nothote r m e la t thewa s ppos d t r e vedoubl ai ng ha s ood s ve y a nd ha s u e o ec i e pori off on Sa lr y and Sunda tons ood tzda y.He a s pr e sevi ncet the s itd i t lo es nt de ha ubm te nma e gre nce#1 64 on Nove be 28,201 c i va 21 m r 0, ompli ng a ani boutfndi m a si hi f i ng ggot n s ood.Afe tr ofke sr pondedt t e gre nc ,De pe ha 24 hour t a a , di notdo s f r es o hes iva es s r d s o ppe l but d o. Def nda sa guet tbec us De pe di nota alt g ivanc r s ns , f ie t e nt r ha a e s r d ppe he re e e po es he a ld o e us t a l eadmi srtverme e a M MRJ, rquie underj 1 ( ,a t xha t he vaiabl nitai e dis t as e rd 997ea) s o how cams( )a d () c n e n lg l trasa f o sr ie9 D e p rc n ends, ever t t li 2 n 3 , o c mig e a maeil nd o d e vc . s e o t , ha hec d nota oul ppea t s gre ncer pons swihi t 24- sal ted t rt M M RJ l he e i va es e t n he hour lo t mde he pr ed e ,be a e of i er deni d hi r que t f t nec s r a a f m s Taki t e oc ur s c us fc s e s e s s or he es a y ppe l or . ng hes 9 The def endant do notcont t tDes rf ld t exhaus a nitatver edi ast s end ha pe aie o t dmi sr i em es o Cli ( ) am 1. 12 f c a al ga i i t lg mos f vo abl t Des r t co ttndsa ge ne is of a m l le tons n he i ht t a r e o pe , he ur i nui s ue m a e i lf tast whe he t a a por i oft M M RJ r m e es s hem e w asa ia e t t r a ac o t r he ppe l ton he e di c va l bl o De pe . Se M oo e,51 F.d at7 s r e r 7 3 25.Thus t c t us de def nt 'm oto f , he our m t ny enda s i ns or s mmayj dg n un e j1 9 ea a t tecamsrie i h sg iva c s u r u me t d r 9 7 ( ) s o h li as d n i re n e . Def nda sofere de et tDes r sgre nc fl doe no i c t t theptrue e nt f vi nc ha pe ' iva e ie s t ndia e ha ls d i a e g i va esc e ni t l c ofa 1 w lbr r l c ofa l las i t n , a oft nm t r e nc onc r ng he a k a i a y, a k ega s s a t deni l he rghtt a s s ot ri a esw ih l lw o k,o deni ofl galm a e i l he r ques e a t r i o s i t he nm t t ega r r al e tra s e t d fe Aug t201 Thevarousûnm a er quess'Des rcl mst ha s il a us 0. i s t e t' pe ai o ve ubm ted boutt s i he e m a t r a e notS i va es ' t r quie fr ts e i a e m us t ket e us ad i s r tve te s r t e nc , he e r d i s t p nm t s gr ' t a o xha t m ni t a i r e e unde t M R RJ pr dtr D e pe of e sno e a ton f hi f iur t pur ue em di s r he oce le. s r f r xpl na i or s a l e o s giva e .Thus t t e e Des rse t r iej1 3cli ont ematr i t s re nc s ,o he xtnt pe e ks o as 98 ams hes te s n hi lws t s c camsmu t edimis dwi o t rj dc , t s n t j 1 9 ea , o fit et a ui, u h li s b s se t u p eu ie pl ua t o 9 7 () f r alr o h r l e us ad i s r tve r m e esbef e flng t sac i xha t m nit a i e di or ii hi ton. D.Cli t beDimis dt r28U. C.j 1 5A( () ams o s se mde S. 91 b) 1 The c ti r uie t di m i sa a i or c a m f l d by a prs raga ns a our s eq r d o s s ny cton l i ie i one i t gove ment e iy orofi e i t co tde e mi st aci n o cai i fi o , ai i , nl al ntt fc r f he ur t r ne he to r l m s rvol us m lcous orf l t saeacai onwhi rle ma begrntd.28U. C.j1 5 b)1 .Tos vi ais o tt l m ch eif y a e S. 91 A( ( ) ur ve s re igu d rj 1 5 b () t ep an ifsû ta t l l g to mus b e ug t r iea ce nn n e 91 A()1 ,h litf çl cua al ains t e no h o as g e rg t r i a i ht o elef bovet s c a i l ve , t onet ti C a i eon isf c 'r t rt n he pe ultve e l' o ' ha s t usbl pl t a e, a he ha ' meeyl o ev bl. Bel l Co p v. mby 5 0U. 5 4, 7 ( 0 7 .W h l t ec u t rl t nc ia e' l At. r . Two l, 5 S. 4 5 0 2 0 ) ie h o r c ' m us c tue f cua alegai i t pli ifsf vora te tt m a t u t cour nee not t onsr a t l l tons n he antf a nd r a he s r e, he t d t e tt c pl i ' l galc us ons a t u Es a e Cons r Co.v.M il r& Sm ih H ol na r a he om a nt s e oncl i s r e. t t t. le t di Co. 1 F.d21 21 1 (t Ci.1 4) Cuse v.Swee v,8 F. 1156,11 ( hCi. , 4 3 3, 7- 8 4h r 99 ; tr ne 9 3d 63 4t r 1 )(nRul l b)6)a l i,c tne nota e astuepl ntf' l ra e 996 i e 2( ( nayss our ed cc pt r ai ifs é unwarntd de tons ' tf l s c us ons ofl w ,' d w e pi l galco l i c ti t f m of duc i ,' sootes oncl i a ' or t e ng e s nc us ons as n he or fcua algai ' (ntr lquoai a cttonsomitd) Afe arviw ofDepe ' a t l le tons' i ena ttons nd iai ) te . tr e e s rs s ubmisons t c u'concudest the f ist al gef ct sa i a pl usbl c am s i , he ot t l ha al o le a s t tng ny a i e l i a tona et j 1 rgar nghi rquessf lga maei sandhi c ai sa utt ci bl mder 983 e di s e t or e l tral s ompl nt bo he f s r i e. ood e v c 1. A c s t Cours Cl m s ce s o t ai l a e ha a c tt to lrg t r as bl ac es t t c t, t rg doe nm t s ve onsiu i na i ht o e ona e c s o he ours but hat i ht s no r quieprs t a l i aesphysc ac es t al w lbr r o t r ceveunlmie t e r ions o low nm t ial c s o a i a y r o e i i td c esofcodes ci orc tde ii .Se Le sv.Casv,51 U. 343,35153( 996) opi e tons our csons e wi e 8 S. - 1 ; Boundsv.Smih, U. 81 8 ( 977) nor rt pla acam t tdee t 430 S. 7, 38 1 .I de o e d li ha fndant'pas s t a tonsde i d pl ntf ofa ce st t cours pli tf mus i ntf wih s ik iy,anonci prve ai if c s o he t, a n if t de iy, t pect t fi ouslgalcai t tde e rvol e l m ha f ndan s a tonspr ve e hi fo ltg tng. Chrsophe v. t' ci e nt d m r m ii a i it r Hablr 536U. 403,41 ( r zv, S. 5 2002) Le s 51 U. a 353n.3.ll a andc us y ; wi, 8 S. t lvlgue oncl or al gai ofi onve e eorde a i hi i tga i orpr e uton ofl la tons' r not le tons nc ninc l y n s nsi ton os c i ega c i 'a e s fkin t stsyt i ij r ee n o t ecam . Go fe v. a h n tnCo mt . u t e t o aif h s nu y lme t f h li dr y W s i go t y VA. SheifNo.7: c 001 2007W L 24057 a #1 ( . Va 2007) Sfhef tt ta rf, 06-v- 87, 28, t 3 W D. . . l' ac ha n i em a notbe a e t ltgae i e tyt m a rhedesr si nots fce t nmat y bl o ii t n xacl he nne ie s ufi int o d mo taet ea ta ij r ee n o a a c s t c u t cam. I ( u tn Le s 51 U. e nsrt h cu lnu y lme t f n c e s o o rs li ' d.q o ig wi, 8 S. ' a 354) t . l imaeg iv n e/1 7 4, s e c mpan dt a j i o t asr f e t p o i ehm n n t re a c / 1 5 De p r o lie h t al fkil eus d o r v d i w ih a c ofV igi a Code 53. - 76. a a co tde i i f om t U nie St t s Cour of t opy r ni 1 1 2 nd ur c s on r he t d a e t Appe l f t Thid Cic tf om 1 1 Hi s i s onsa s i l c pl i t t tM RRJ a s or he r r ui r 98 . s ubm s i l o nc ude om a n s ha 14 ma lpolc pr ve e hi fom r c vi a lga book t ther quese 1 and t thewasnot i iy e ntd m r e ei ng e l ha e td 0 ha alowe t us Blc sLa Ditona y. De pe doesnote a n a s c fcr pe ti whih l d o e a k' w c i r s r xpli ny pe ii es c n c l c oft e ma e i sa r el a f t hi abiiy t pr pa ehi l ga de e e i t c i i l a k hes t ral dve s y feced s lt o e r s e l f ns n he rm na pr e ngsorhi s isonsi t sci lrgh slws t l t d,hem a ba d c us r oce di s ubm s i n hi vi i t a ui. nsea kes l oncl o y sa e t t tbe aus hi a e st de ie lga m a e i swaslmie he ha t hie a t t men s ha c e s cc s o sr d e l t ral i td, d o r n a t ne and w asunabl t a d a l ngt c i i s t nce' he e t s tor y e o voi e hy rm nal en e , s m uppored a s r i nsnee t t s e to d n tb tk na tu fcs Th c u t ld s s Cli ()wih u p eu ie p ru n t o e a e s r e a t. e o r wil imis am 2 t o t rj dc , u s a t o j1 A( ( ) f f l et saeacli 915 b)1, or aiur o tt am. 2. Food Se v c Cl i s r i e am TheEi h Am e ght ndmen pr ec sprs r fom c ue a unus lvi condii .1 t ot t ione s r r l nd ual i ng tons 1 SeeRhodesv. pma 45 U. 337( 981. Topr aconsiutonalcam rlt t a Cha n, 2 S. 1 ) ove tt i li eaed o n t aej i c n iin h we e , s e mu ts w ta ted fn a to fca a tdwih ms f al o dto , o v r De p r s ho h t h ee d n fiil ce t d lb rt i ifrnc - h t ek e s b e tv l ,h c ndto p e e tdas b tn il iko eieae ndfee e t a h n w, u j ciey t e o i n rs ne u sa ta rs f i s r o ha a ne t es f ie t t ke i ea ona e m ea ur 't ale a e i . Fa m erv. e i us nn nd verhel s a l d o a ç s bl r s es' o l vi t t r Brl n,511U. 8 835- ( 994) Posi ene ie ebyofi il smpl doesnotgi ema S. 25, 37 1 . sbl glg nc tcas i y ve rs t a consiutonalcam a tona eunde j1 3. Se e. ,Cot v ofSacn nt v. ie o ny tt i li ci bl r 98 e, g. mt rme o 1 D es ral alegest t 0 ha mai polcy pr nt hi fom r vi r i ous educ i l i eve ed m r ecei ng elgi , pe so l atonal m at i st her eral hat equesed. Thi is i notcl l pr ent aspar ofhi r i ousrght cl m,and t s s ue s eary es ed t s elgi i s ai def nda sdi notr pond t i ass e nt d es o t uch. l any eve ,becaus he doesnotalegef si catng any n nt e l act ndi i r pecti whih t l oft em at i ss untaly bur es n c he ack hes eral ubs i l dened hi SDA r i ouspr tces he f l t s elgi ac i , ais o sat aconsiutonalcl m t def nt enf cementoft m ai polcy r es ed a know i te tt i ai hat enda s' or he l i epr ent ng vi aton ofhi f eeexe cie rght SeeLovel e,472 F. a 1 a 194. ol i sr r s i s. ac 3d t 87 nd 1 l i notcl f om t alegatonsi t compl ntwhet Des , att tm e he com pl ned 1 ts ear r he l i n he ai her per he i ai aboutM RRJf s vi wasa pr raldet ne oraconvi ed i at s vi a c m i s enc ood er ce, eti ai e ct nm e er ng ri nal ent e. Cl m sconcer ng confnementcondii i pos upon pr raldet neesar t be eval ed undert ai ni i tons m ed eti ai eo uat he DuePr es Cl e,r hert n undert Ei h Amendment whi applest c ct i aes See oc s aus at ha he ght , ch i o onvi ed nm t . Bel W o ts 441U. 5 535 5 ( 97 ) Duepr c s p os rbe p s me tofadeane b f r lv. lih, S. 20, - 38 1 9 . o e s r c i s unih n ti e eoe prpe aj iai ofg lha be na c mpih d.L- Asapatc l te, we e,h c ntur o o r dudc ton uit s e c o lse d a rcia matrho v rte o o s f pr ti det nees'rght unde t DuePr sCl ear coext i wih t Ei h Am e eral ai i s r he oces aus e ensve t he ght ndment pr tci sa lc bl t c n ce i ts Se , g.Hil Niod mus 97 F. 987 99192( t Ci. oe ton ppia e o o vitd nmae . e e. , lv. c e , 9 2d , - 4 h r 1 92)( dial e ) 9 me c ne ds . Le s 5 3U. 8 3, 4 ( 9 8 (( h Co t ui nd e n tg aa t ed ec r o t p r o wi, 2 S. 3 8 9 1 9 ) t T) e nsi to o s o u rn e u ae n he a t f f t sae ofi i l ; ibiiy f ne i nty i lced ha m i caego ialy bene t t t es d'of t t fc a s la lt or glge l nfit r s t rc l a h he hr hol ' c nsiuina p oe o s.P an ifmus as s w, be vey,ha h s frd as ro ij r o tt to l r tdin ) litf t lo ho o j di l t t e ufee eius nu y fom t uns f condii Sti e v. ae s 989F. 1 1 1 ( h Ci.1 . r he ae ton. rcklr W tr, 2d 375, 380- 381 4t r 993) De pe ' a lga i do nots ts yt elmen soft sEi h Amendme sa r As s rs le tons a if he e t hi ght nt t nda d. sa e he c tt d, ompl i a ans boutr c vi col mea s notge tng do epori dlrngwee nds e ei ng d l, ti ubl tons zi ke wh nt j i sr e o l t me l p rd y a drc ii gfo wihma g t i i o o yo e he al e v d ny wo as e a , n e ev n o d t g o s n t n nl ne t, oc aso 1 Not ng i hi c pl i s c i n.2 hi n s om a nt ugges s howe r t the pe s ly s f r d a s rous ve , ha r ona l ufe e ny e i ij r fo t e ef o sr iep o lms o t t alofcask e t a t esz o t ewe ke d nu y r m h s o d e vc r b e , r ha j i fiil n w h t h ie f h e n pori nsort t m pe a ur oft f s r e pr e e a s g fca r s ofhn m t a to he e r t e he ood e v d es nt d ny i nii nt i k r o nyone. I Thus De persf s vie cai sf i t rbot pr d. , s ' ood er c l m a l mde h ongsoft a i bl c tt i l he pplca e onsiutona sa d r , n t ec u t ls mmaiyd s s t e ecamswih u p eu ie p ru n t tn a d a d h o r wil u rl imis h s li t o t rj dc , u s a t o j 1 5A( ( ,f fiur t saeacai 91 b)1) or al e o tt l m. lll Fo t er a o ssae t ec u t l g a td f n a t' to f rs mmayj dg n a r h e s n ttd,h o r wi r n e e d n s moins o u r u me t s l t Des r sr i ousrg sc am sandwils o pe ' elgi iht l i l umm a iy dim ishi r mai ngcl m swiho rl s s s e ni ai t ut p eu ie pls a t oj 1 5 b ( ) n 1 9 ea .Plitf sp n igmo inst c mp l rj dc , t u n t j 91 A()1 a d 9 7 () an if e dn to o o e r addii lr s ns t hi di c r r ue t w ilbe d ed, c us he f i st de ons r t t t tona e po es o s s ove y eq s s l eni be a e a l o m ta e ha s hr s uc e pons w e e ne es a y f pr pa a i ofhi oppos ton t def nt 'm o i f es r c s r or e r ton s ii o enda s tons or 1 l hi gre e on t sis , Des adm it t thenevers maggot on hi own f 2 n s ivanc hi s ue per ted ha aw s s ood t a Furher e, hi alega i t tkic wor sf l t pr nti ec t nt f f om bei r y. t mor t s l ton ha t hen ker aied o eve ns t ai ed ood r ng s ved on one occasi i plc esneglge att m os ,and notdelber e i fer er on m i at i nce, he t i at ndif ence asr r d t equie o s a ea consi i cl m . Far ,511U . at 835tt tmtonal ai mer S. 37. S mm ayj d me tl s eFE R. v. 5 ( )(e uiign n vigp ryt s o byafd vi u r u g n .3 e D. Cl P. 6d rq rn o mo n a t o h w fia t whyi c tpr e fcsne esayt oppos t moton) t nnno esnt a t c s r o e he i . The Cl r i di e t d t s nd co esoft sm em or ndum opi on a a om pa ng ek s rce o e pi hi a ni nd cc nyi or rt pli ifand c m s lf rde e nt . de o a ntf ot e o f nda s EN TER : Thi W s 3 ay ofoco e, 2011. tb r (-. z , ajox a.z, . .. z . . . . .- - Chi fU nie St t D it i tJ e t d a es s r c udge 1 The cour alo fndsno r pe i whi any addii dicover r pons a e war a ed. 3 t s i es ct n ch tonal s y es es r r nt Des ' fis moton t compels per s r t i o eeksaddii r ponsest ce t n i erogat i ,whi ar tonal es o rai nt r ores ch e a gum e atve,r t t se ng di c r ei or a i orwhi r a et cl mst t cour has r nt i a her han eki s ove abl nf m ton, ch elt o ai hat he t s mma iydimis u e j 1 5 u rl s sed nd r 9l A. Des sot m oton as f pr per' her i ks or oducton oft pr e ded chur s vi t tM RRJplyed i i he er cor ch er ce ha a n hi pod,aspr t tt s vi w asAm ih M ennonie,r hert n nondenom i i ,asdef s oof ha he er ce s t at ha natonal endant s cl med. Becaus Des f l t alegeany f ct i diput ofdef ai e per ais o l a sn s e endant 'evi s dencet he wasnot hat f c t wat t t evied r i ouss vi however t r i ousvi sexpr sed on t vi ar or ed o ch he el s elgi er ce, , he elgi ew es he deo e n r lva tt t ec ur' deemi tont tdee a t aee ildt s ot ee n o h o ts tr na i ha fnd n s r ntte o ummayj dg n a t De p rs r u me t s o s e ' r i ousrght cl m s elgi i s ai .
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