-RSB Hall v. Hopkins et al, No. 7:2010cv00393 - Document 63 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 1/9/2012. (tvt)

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CL Y OFFI L. Dl COLf ERK CE $ ST. I ' ;. U ATROANOU :k 'A FIED w i/J. L . - J 29 2 % AN 21 I TH E U N I N TED STA TES D I STRI T CO U R T C FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STR I T O F V I G I I C R N A ROA N OK E D I I V SION A NTH O NY H A LL, B:A . y-r,L K YU CD '/ E J DEPUUCt t U 7C R Cas N o. 7: 0- v- 393 e : 1 c 00 Pl i if a ntf , M EM O M N DU M O PINIO N V. By:Jam e C . k s Tur Seni U ni ed Stat D i ri Judge or t es st ct M R .H O PKI S,e al, N t . De e f ndant . s Pl i ifAnt a ntf hony Hal, Vi gi a i a e pr e ngpr s br ugh t s c vi rg s l a r ni nm t oce di / e, o t hi i l i ht c anta i tKe n Mounti Core tona Ce tr(t CC' ,ismedial ronne,a a ompli gans e an rci l ne $ KM ' t ) c pes l nd prs n g r al ng,ntrala, he f ie t ade t l pr de f hi medialne ds The io ua d, legi i e i t y a ld o quae y ovi or s c e . Cour ha pr vi l tr naedKM CC,heVigi aDe rme ofCore tons(i t s e ousy emi t t r ni pa t nt r ci 6 VDOC') a ', nd t pr s gua d,Lt Co a Def nda s Be or t Cour i r a ni D e e he i on r . x, s e nt . f e he t s em i ng f ndan s Ge a d T. t' rr Hopki ,Debo a Ba l M a sBoyd,Ca e Ha ,W a Shet a Euge W hie ns r h l, vi r y wks nda lon, nd ne td (oleci y,heçM e c Dee nt' sM oto f SummayJ c l tvel t û dial fnda sl' in or r udgme ( No.51.I nt ECF ) n rs e pons t t M edi lD e e nt dipostve m oton,Pl i ifHal w ass r e w ih a e o he ca f nda s' s ii i a ntf l evd t Rosb r n tc ( No 5 ) Hals b e u nl fldaM oinf rEx e so o Ti t e o o oie ECF . 3 . l u s q e t ie y to o tn in f me o Re p n , c ti Co r g a td( No . 4, 6 .Plitf te fld aRe p n e( No s o d whih h s u t rne ECF s 5 5 ) an if h n ie s o s ECF . 55 a t matri now rpefrde ii Fort ra onsdic s dbel t Dee ns ) nd he te s i o cson. he e s suse ow,he fnda t' M oi ( No.51 i GRANTED. ton ECF )s FA CTU AL A ND PR O C ED UR AL BA C K G R O U N D The c pl i i t s c s i l ngt a na ess ve a de e nt . A lbe alr a ng oft om a nt n hi a e s e hy nd m e r l f nda s i r e di he Pli ipsco ant( No.) de lrtoni s antf mpli ECF 1, caai n uppor ofhi motonf ij tverle ( t s i or nunci eif ECF No 12 , e i e sae n ( No. ) a da n me t t h sc mpan ( No . 5 2 ) . -) v rt d ttme t ECF 2 , n me d n s o i o li t ECF s 1 , 0 i gl eanst f l i fact , pr ent her i t lghtm os f abl t hi . See Char he olow ng s es ed e n he i bonnaaes t avor e o m l deFrnc v.Smih,597F. 406,41 ( hCi.1 .De piebenglmie t t ealgai a e t 2d 4 4t r 979) s t i i td o hos le tons pe ti ngt t M e c lDef nda s wha f lw si ane es a iy lngt r c tton oft rani o he di a e nt, t olo s c s rl e hy e ia i he f t . Pl i i fHal i a i a e a KM CC .H e waspr vi l a i m a e a Sus e 1 St t ac s a ntf l s n nm t t e ous y n n t t s x 1 a e Prs Ct s x1' .W hiea Suse l, dia saffundheha sgniia po arc ion suse 15 ) l t sx lme c l tf o d i fc nt diti pr e s i l ng c oni pa n. Se Pl' V . a 2 obl m , nc udi hr c i e .s S. t 2-23. I 2003 a 2006, he Pl i tf ha n nd t a n if d s r re t cor tdefr tesofc ranofhi t sa rmo bu ons Hopki Af.!9.On u geis o rec o mii e ti s oe nd e ve ni . ns f De e be 7,2005,Sus e 1 m e c sa fa s r quesedt tco r tona ofie sgr ntPl n if cm r s x 1 dial t f lo e t ha reci l fc r a aitf Halag o l ve ,bo t terc la sgn e andabotom bunk be ac om moda i on l r und-e l tom i el s i m nt l d c ton a cou ofhi me c lpr blm s SeePl' V. a 21 l 2007,whie sila Sus ex I, an if c nt s di a o e . .s S. t . n l tl t s 1 Pl itf r que t d t the be t a por e t a out i o t di c i c t be fte wih s c a e s e ha r ns t d o n sde r hope c lni o it d t pe i l orhope cf t a .Pl ntf sr s wasde e b hi prm a y c r doc ora Sus e 1 t di oo we r ai if eque t ni d y s i r a e t t s x 1 be us M r Ha lsorho di s g n di no i c t t s cals swe enec s a y.See ca e . l' t pe c ur eo d t ndi ae hat pe i hoe r e sr I a e Re ,a t c d a Ex.B t W hie Af ECF N o. 5,a 1 Pl ntf wasadvi e t t nm t q. ta he s o t d f, 37- t 1. ai if s d ha he c d pur has s c a a hl tc s oul c e pe i l t e i hoesf om t c m i s r 1 r he om s a y. d. Ats omepoi t e fe ,Pl ntf wa r oc t d t KM CC, r hi i tnttoubls nt her a tr ai if s el a e o whe e s nsa r e be n. Pli tf wa s n by De e ntBalo M a c 1 201 a r quese apr c i i f ga a n if s ee f nda l n r h 0, 0 nd e t d es rpton or orho di s s whi h s r us d t is P1' V . a 1 I t a s s heduld hi f ra t pe c hoe , c he ef e o s ue. .s S. t 9. nse d, he c e m o f l up a olow ppoi t en on M a c 24,201 Att M a c 24 a nt e ,Def nda Ba l nm t rh 0. he r h ppoi m nt e nt l 'The Pl ntf sf ai if onnalcompl nt at ou s nni 3 pa e a dcoa d i l a j r o i lr ey ai , lh gh pa ng 0 g s n l ke n eg l a g n, s a g l ber tofac ualf ualale tons.A ss t Cour t nst t e ot document ,mos fl ef t act lga i uch, he t ur o hes her s t ied concom ia l wih t c t nty t he ompl nt t gai an undert ng oft f saleged. ai , o n sandi he act l o frdt p e cietePlitf Ne r ni2f rhi pai , whihh r f s d Bal f!9 Bal fee o rs rb h an if u o t o s n c e e u e . l Af. . l n t n a s Pl i ifHal t the c d pur ha ei pr e fom t prs c mis r Pl' he dvied antf l ha oul c s bu of n r he ion om s a y. .s V . a 20. O n M ay 20,201 Pl i iffl a i or a c pl i a l gi c l or l t t S. t 0, a ntf ied n nf m l om a nt le ng, onc us iy, ha KM CC wasf lng t pr de hi a qua e m edi a t e t e . f a 27. On M ay 26, ai if aii o ovi m de t c l r a m nt #. t Pl ntf fl d a i o m a r que tas ng f a bo t bt k as i m e a o t di s s 1 a 26. ie n nf r l e s ki or tom m s gn nt nd r hope c hoe . d t Se r lda lt r Defnda W hied r s ve a ys a e , e nt t e ponde t bot Pl ntf' M a 20 a M a 26 d o h ai ifs y nd y c r s nde e,nsr tng Hal t theco dpur ha ebo sfom t comm is r a t t ore po nc i tuci l ha ul c s ot r he s a y, nd ha snc Ha lha ne rr que t abotom bu snc hehadbe n a KM CC,i tuce Ha lt i e l d ve e sed t nk i e e t nsr td l o sgnup f sc cali a or ncewih pr e e.I a 26 i or ik l n cc da t oc dur d t -27.On J ne3,201 Pli iftl u 0, antf ied ar gul rgre nc ,c e a iva e ompl ni t tme c lofi i svi aedhi consiutonalrght by ai ng ha di a fcal olt s tt i i s r f i t gr nthi a botom bunk a sgnm e ,ta por a i n t a ç rhopedi s s p, e us ng o a m t si nt r ns t to o n û t o c hoe ho ' ' a t Opporuniy t s ea s i it I a 1 nd he t t o e pecals . d t 2.Thi g i nc wa notac e e a i f c s reva e s c pt d nd n a t r ur d t hi be aus i wasc tu asar q s f rs r i s a t Pli tf wa ad s et ne o m c e t onsr ed e ue t o e vce , nd he a n if s vied t sgnup f sc c l. 1 a 1 Her evedt s mer pons t aJ 1 g i va o i or ik a l d. t 3. ec i he n es e o une 3 re nce.I a d t 28. OnJ 7,201 Pl i iff l d up on hi J 3 gre nc by flng a i or une 0, antf olowe s une iva e ii n nf mal co pl i tr s a i hi c e ns a e phaszi t tt de ay i ge tng m e ca a t nton was m a n e t tng s onc r nd m i ng ha he l n ti di l te i ca i hi pa n,s f i a emoto ldites .I a 30.Prs a horte a i t d hi usng m i uferng, nd ina sr s d t ion ut iis ga n ol m t s i asc c l r ques.1 Thes meda Pl n ifs m itd a he I onnalRe s, o ubm t ik a l e t d. a y, aitf ub te not r nf que t whe eheappa e l at mpt t r que tasc cal I a 3 De e ntW hie r s r r nty te ed o e s ik l. d t 3. f nda t d e ponde by d i t u tng hi t dr hi r ques i t m e c box durng m e ltm e orha i t a nur e nsr c i m o op s e t n he di al i a i nd t o s 2N eur tn i t br name ofa dr cont ni t ac i i edi gabapentn. Gaba i i us ug ai ng he tve ngr ent i on i s he and pentn s ed, i e ala,f t teat ntr i or he r mentofneur hi pai Na ' l t ofHealh,U. NatlLi a y ofM edi ne, opat c n. t l ns . t S. ' br r ci Gab pe i PUBMED HEALT (ul 1 ,2 1 ) a ntn, H J . 5 0 l, hlpr/ /- . . m . h. pubmedhealtpM Hoooog4o/ ncbinl ni gov/ t . du i t m or ng pilc l .1 Pl ntf fl d a he i o m a com pl nton J 28,2010. 1L r ng he ni l a l d. ai i f ie not r nf r l ai une 6 a 7.Thi compl ntwasrj ce a Plitf tmeyfldargulrgre nc o J y 8 201 t s ai ee td, nd anif i l ie e a iva e n ul , 0, whihwa as rj ce I a 6.Pli t fa p ae t t en x a d fn llv lo a mi srtv c s lo ee td. d t ani p e ld o h e t n i a e e f d nitai e f r m edy, nd wasag n r f d. I a 3. e a ai ebuf e d t On J y 1 201 Pli iffl d a e e ge y grev nc c ul 4, 0, antf ie n m r nc i a e ompl ni off pai a ai ng oot n nd r que tngm e ca a t ton <a s aspos i e' I a 1 e si di l ten i ts oon sbl .' dL t 7.Def nda Ha r s e nt wks e ponde l s d es t n an ho lt ,die tng H a lt sgn up f s c c l i t m o ni 1 Pl ntf t l d a ha ur a er r c i l o i or i k a l n he r ng. d. ai if i e n am os-de i a e r nc g i va fveda lt r o J y 1 201 1 a 1 Thi tme l ti ntc l me ge y re nce i ys a e , n ul 9, 0. d. t 6. s i , Dee ntBoyd r ponde t thi c ndii wa n lf -hr ae ng a t the s d sgn up fnda es d ha s o ton s ot ie t e tni nd ha houl i f sc c l i t mor ng.f ;BoydAf. 6. or ik aln he ni #. f! A s m ia s e r o pl ye outo A ug t5, 0,wih t Pl i ifflng a e e ge y i l r c na i a d n us 201 t he a ntf ii n m r nc g iva c re nce ompli ng ofhi f pa n a De e ntShet r pondi t the ne de t sg ani s oot i nd f nda lon es ng ha e d o in u f rsc c l. P1 sV.. t2 Sh lo Af. 6 Dee da tS lo as e a n dP anif p o ik al . S a 4; etn f! . fn n hetn lo x mie litf ' Halon Se e be 20, 0f hi co antoff pai Sher c l ptm r 201 or s mpli oot n. e omm e ndedt thebep i ha ut n me ia o s r ainu tl ewa s e b ap y iin.S et nAf. 7 e n ie o J l 21 d c l b e v to n ih s e n y h sca h lo f ! .M a wh l, n uy , t Pl ntf fld a i or r que t w ih prs a horte r quesi a i medit sc c l he ai if ie n nf mal e s3 t ion ut iis e tng n m ae i k a l a nt e tf f tpa n.P1' V . a 1 Hewa ag n t dt s i a sc c lr ues i t ppoi m n or oo i .s S. t 1. s ai ol o ubm t ik al eq t n he m or ng. 1 ni d. De e ntHa f nda wkss w Pli ifon Se e r22,201 f hi c a antf pt mbe 0 or s ompli off tpan a ant oo i nd Ha rco nd hebes nbyDefnda Bal wksAf. 7.Pli ifHalwass e wks e mme ed ee e nt l.Ha f! antf l en a n by D ef nda tBal on Se e be 2 201 She pr c i d i of a a se oi b gai e n l pt m r 2, 0. es r be bpr uen nd t r d, ut 3An 6l f çn onualReques' i a r t' s eques f s vi sand i or i . l i dif entt an çi or al t or er ce nf maton t s fer han çnf m grevanc 'i t ti i notpal oft adm i s r i r medy pr essatKM CC. i e' n ha t s 4 he nitatve e oc a anr f sdt rfrh m t apr vd ro tiet ep io S eBal f ! 1 Co . g i e u e o ee i o o ie u sd h rs n. e l Af. 0; mpl& Tr a m e For , tac d a Ex.B- t W hie Af . ECF N o. 4,a 7. e t nt m a t he s 2 o t d f, 37- t On Odobe 1 201 Pl ntf wass e by De e n Dr Ho ns Dr Ho ns r 4, 0, ai if en f nda t . pki . . pki e l t d t Pli ifa or r d ar di r phofhi f e . Thex-aywascomplt d a a va uae he antf nd de e a og a s et r ee t n ousdemedia ci c.Hopki Af. 1 Upone l tngt rdi r phsa a compa ng ti c l lni ns f! 6. vauai he a og a nd c nyi rpor, fnda Bala npl e t Pl ntf onals t bese byDr Hopki .BalAf.! e tDee nt l gai ac d he ai if it o e n . ns l f 1 Pl i ifstou e c i d i oNove be ,whe eagan De e ntW hiedr s nde t 2. antf r bls ontnue nt m r r i f nda t e po d o hi i or a r s s wih a die ton t the s d s g up f s c c li or rt s e t s nf m l eque t t r c i ha houl i n or i k al n de o e he doc or Se l .Re Fo m s a t c t P1' Su Com pl, t . e nf q. r , ta hed o .s pp. . ECF N o. a 1 -1 Pl i if 20, t 4 5. a ntf a r nty di s g up f sck c l i a or nc wih W hie si tuc i ,a onN o m be ppa e l d i n or i a l n cc da e t t d' nsr tons nd ve r 24,201 s w Def nda Shelon d i sc c l. She t pl c Hal' na e on t ls t s e 0, a e nt t ur ng i k a l lon a ed l s m he i t o e Defnda Ho ns ShelonAf.!9. e nt pki . t f On Dec mber1 201 Pli ifs w Dr Hopki a a i r quese orhope cs . e 4, 0, antf a . ns nd ga n e t d t di hoes Hopki Af. 1 Dr Hopki f t tt Plitf ha ak l f tdeor t 'but ns f! 7. . ns ound ha he anif d t d oo f miy,' mi c l ed t ti w a no s ve e e onc ud ha t s t e r nough t war a a r f r ort pr s rpton oforhope c o r nt e eral he e c i i t di f ot ar f How e r Dr H opki di notpr ve t Pl i iff om pur ha i s c als o we . #. ve , . ns d e nt he a ntf r c s ng pe i hoes fo t co say,abeta hi owne ns I ! 1 r m he mmis r l i t s xpe e. d 9. Thi ac in wasorgi ly fl d i t Cl r sOfieon Se e r3, 0. Pl i ifs s to i na l ie n he e k' fc pt mbe 201 antf o i na Compl i a lgedt tt De e nt di notpr ry te thi f tpr e s f ld t rgi l ant le ha he f nda s d ope l r a s oo oblm , aie o pr dehi wih o t di s es r us d t r e hi t a ou sdes c a it a alo r f e ovi m t rhope c ho , ef e o ef r m o n ti pe i ls, nd s e us d t a horze te t e by a out i orhope c s ci ls . On J nua' 1 201 t M agit a e o ut i r a m nt n s de t di pe a i t a l 3, 1, he y sr t J udge gr nt d t Pl i t f sm otonst a e hi or g na Com pl i . Se ECF N o. The a e he a n i f i o m nd s i i l a nt e 22. 5 M e ia Dee d n sb o g taM oinf rS mmayJ dg n o J n 2 2 1( No. 1, dc l fn a t r u h to o u r u me t n u e 3, 0l ECF 5 ) whih i pr s nty be or t Cour. c s e e l f e he t 1. l STAN D AR D OF REV I EW û- h f n to o amo inf rs mmayj d me ti t s k o tit eei a yc s , çf e u cin f to o u r u g n s o mo e u f h r s n ae gl i .a yg n ied s u ea t a ymaeilfc, n ,f h r i n c s ,oc nsr ej dca tme . , n e un ip t s o n tra a ta d it ee s o a e t o e v u iili e a e r y by a di anunne es a y ti la by pr vi ng as edy a e fce s nd ne g voi ng c s r ra nd o di pe nd fi int umm a y r diposton. Blndv. rol & S. R.Co.406F.d 86 8 ( h Ci.1 .l c i rng s ii ' a No f k ' R. , 2 3, 66 4t r 969) n onsdei as mmayj g n mo in,h Co r v e tef cs a da yifr n e t bed a fo u r ud me t to t e u t iws h a t, n n n e e c s o rwn r m t ef c s i t lghtm os f vor bl t t nonm o ng pa t Se Unied St t sv.Dibol hos a t ,n he i t a a e o he vi ry. e t ae e d. l .3 9U.. 5 , 5 ( 9 2 ( e c ra .Su r j d me ti a p o raewh r te nc, 6 S 6 4 6 5 1 6 ) p r u im) mmay u g n s p r p it ee h m ova ç how st tt r i no g ui di put a t a m a e i lf ta t m ova i e il d nt t s ha he e s en ne s e s o ny t r a ac nd he nt s ntte t j d me ta amatro lm ' Fe R. v. 5 () A g n ieis eo maeil a t xss o u g n s te f a ' d. Ci P. 6 a. e un s u f tra fc e it wheera o a l j r r c u dfn ta t en n vn p ryi e tte t av r iti h sfv r r e s n b e u o s o l i d h t h o mo ig at s n i d o ed c n i a o . l And ronv. bet Lobby,I 477U. 242,25 (986) Themo ngpa t beast i tal e s Li rv nc. S. 21 . vi ry r he nii bu d ofs r en howi t lck ofage nediput a t t m ae ilf t i t c e. Ceot x ng he a nui s e s o he tra ac s n he as l e Cop. Cart, 7 U. 31 , 2 ( 9 6 .On eamoinf rs mma yj d me ti p o el r v, te' 4 7 S. 7 3 3 1 8 ) c t to o u r u g n s r p ry ma a s de nd uppo td, re howe , ha bur n s fst t nonmovi pa t M a s hia Elc. ver t t de hit o he ng ry. tus t e l .Co. Ze t Ra oCop.475U. 5 587( 98 .A movi pm' i e ildt ndus v. nih di r , S. 74, 1 6) ng t s ntte o y s mma yj d me ti terc r a awh l c ul n tla art na tirof a t ofn i fv r u r u g n f h e o d s oe o d o e d ai l re f c t i d n a o o o ten n mo n .W i imsv. ifn, 5 F.d 8 0 8 3(t Ci. 9 ) f h o - va t l a l Grfi 9 2 2 2 , 2 4 h r 1 91 . 11 1. DI SCU SSIO N A . D elberat lndif i e f erence t Pri oner' M edi N eeds o s s cal 6 ThePli ifheebrngsacam unde 42U. C.j1 f vi ai ofhi cvi rghs antf r i li r S. 983 or olton s i li t be a et me c lsa fa KM CC di notpr c i hi orhope cs sorr f rhi t a c us he di a t f t d es rbe m t di hoe ee m o n orhope c s ci i tdes t hi c oni pa n a r pea ed r ue t t tt y do s I or rt t di pe als pie s hr c i nd e t eq s s ha he o. n de o s a e a c za e Ei h A m e e c ai f de a ofm edi alc r ,a pl i ifm us ale t t ogni bl ght ndm nt l m or ni l c ae a ntf t l ge a t s fc entt e nc de i r t i f e e e t a s r ousm edi alc c s ufi i o vi e lbe a e ndif r nc o e i c ondii ton. See Es ele v. tl Gambl 429U. 97,1 4 ( 976 . Toetbls dei rt i fee e apl ntf mus pr e e, S. 0 1 ) sa ih lbeae ndifrnc , ai if t esnt f c st ndi t de onsr t t te h oft na e De e n sc ci l dir r d a a t e ng o m ta e ha ac he m d f nda t ons ousy sega de s bsa ta rs o s ro sham.Fame v. e n n 5 1U. 8 , 3 - ( 9 4 .l o d rt u tnil ik f e iu r r r Brn a , 1 S. 25 8 9 40 1 9 ) n r e o etbls acai s hast onePli ifHalbrngshee,û ( dial ne mus bebot sa ih l m uc he antf l i r the me c j ed t t h a r nta s i ,a t de alofa t n i m us be bot de i a e a w iho l gii a e ppa e nd erous nd he ni te ton t h lber t nd t ut e tm t p n lgc l be t . Gry o v P e ,1 5F.d6 2 6 5( t Ci. 9 9 (ii M a t v. e oo ia o j ci ' a s n . e d 9 3 9 , 9 4h r 1 9 ) ctng ri ve ' n Ge tl, 49F2 8 3 8 0 71( t Ci.1 8 ). M eemap a tc o t p r o me ia n i 8 .d 6 , 7 - 4h r 9 8) e r lr cie n he a t f d c l pe s r onneli i ufi i ntt s a e a c a m unde t Ei h A m e s ns fc e o t t l i r he ght ndm e , t le, U . a 1 nt Es e l 429 S. t 06, a dq eto so me ia j d me taen tg n rlys be toj iil e e Ru sl n u sin f d c l u g n r o e eal u j c t udca rviw. sel vs efr 5 F.d31 , 9( t Ci.1 7 )( e czim) l e aei dfe e ei at -a t .h fe , 28 2 8 31 4h r 9 5 p r l a .Dei rt n ifrnc s wop r r b a ay i wi as be t a da o j ciec mp n n .Esel, 2 U. a 1 4 Th Co r wil n l ss t u j ci n n b e tv o o e t tle 4 9 S. t 0 . e u t l h ve a ay et eo j ciec mp n n frta dt e tr t tes be tv c mpo e t n lz h be tv o o e t is n h n u n o h u j ci e o n n . 1 Se i us M e c N e . ro di al ed TheDef nt a gue t tt Pl n ifsc enda s r ha he aitf' ompli tmus f lbe us hedoesnotaleg an t ai ca e l e t ta s fci nty s r ousm e c lne d t co e w ihi t a bi oft Fouree h A m e e . ha uf i e l e i di a e o m t n he m t he t nt ndm nt The Co tt i i onl c er d w ih delbe a e i f e e e t a prs r sm edi alne ds ns iuton s y onc ne t i r t ndif r nc o i one ' c e wheet ene a eG ei . Huds v. c ila 503U. 1 20( 992) Esel,429U. r hos eds r t rous' s ' on M M lin, S. , 1 ; tle S. a 1 W hehe o nota i t sme c ne aetsrous'i a obeci mea t e nota t 05. t r r n nmae' dial eds r iei ' s n j tve sl , r 7 s be tv o e Esel, 2 U. a 1 4 Th Fo rhCic ideie asro sme ia n e a u j cie n . tle 4 9 S. t 0 . e u t rut fn s ei u dc l e d s t t tha be n di gnos by a physci n a m a tng te t e orone t ti s obvi t ha s e a one ed i a s nda i r a m nt ha s o ous t te n a l y pe s w oul ea iy r c ni t nec s iy f r a doc o ' a t nto ' I v. ha ve a r on d s l e og ze he e st o t rs t e i n. ko ' Shr ve 5 5F.d2 , 41( t Ci. 0 8 (i to o te )4 l ab o ds n e t eij re f r e , 3 3 25 2 4 h r 2 0 ) ct in mi d . n r a e s ,h nu is o a t whi h t Pl i ifwass e ng m edi a a t nton w e e t podi ti pr em s a i i outofa c he a ntf e ki c l te i r he a r c obl rs ng nd r l tng t hi s ge y. Thi i noti d s e De en nt ad i t tt Pl ntf ha be n e a i o s ur r ss n i put . f da s m t ha he ai i f s e di nos d w ih bia e a halu val s z ag e t l t r l l s gu ndpenpl s Def . M ot f Sum m .J a 3. The m or anu . s' . or .t e n a c dq sinf rti Co r,h n,stelv lo g n r l ya whc t eo j ciep o g u n e ueto o h s u tte i h e e f e e ai t ih h b e tv r n t a i s t ti , ve t s c fc m edi alne ds f w hi h t de e n s e a l galr m e pple - ha s ha he pe ii c e or c he f nda t e ks e e dy be n dignos by aphyscin? Or ale na i l aet y s s fcinty obvi ust ta1 y e a ed ia , tr tvey, r he o ufi e l o ha a pe s woul r ogni t ne s iy f adoct ' a tnton? The c ux ofPli ifscai i r on d ec ze he ce st or ors te i r a ntf l m s t the w a de e a o i t m e c lt e t e - t ti ,p e c i i orho di s s a a ha s ni d ppr pr a e di a r a m nt ha s r s rptve t pe c hoe nd r f nal o a orhopedi s ci ls out i t pe ls t m - i s t oft g e tpa n due t ee t n t c pe a it sde he na ys e n pie he r a i o t es m e c is s Ther or be or t Co t e l t tM r Hal wage apr onge hos nme dial s ue . ec d f e he ur r vea s ha . l d ol d c mpagn t ty t ob a n apr s rp i f orhope c s a i o r o ti e c i ton or t di hoesa a orho di r f ral The nd n t pe c e e r . j siiain frt e erq e t wa teP anifsc r ncf o p i KMCC' o p y iin, . u t c to o h s e u ss s h litf h o i o t an. f S wn h sca Dr Hopki ,aDe e an i t sca e, m ist thedi nos d M r Ha lwih c oni f pan. ns f nd t n hi s ad t ha ag e . l t hr c oot i Hopki Af. 1 Be aus Hal' c oni fotpanha be ndignos dbyaphyscin,t ns f! 5. c e ls hr c o i s e a e i a he Co r fn st a i c n tttsaCe iu me ia n e 't a stsisteo j ciep o go te u t id h tt o siue û ro s d c l e d'h t aife h be tv r n f h s de i r t i f e e e t s . lbe a e ndif r nc e t 4l i oneoft l ng cas i t Fourh Cic ton t s i medialneed pr ofdelber e ko s he eadi es n he t r ui he erous c ong i at i f er ndif ence,and posda est cas i t Def ndant 'brefby mor t adeca The Cour t t he es n he e s i e han de. t or na l pr er t ltc elty t rown cas and make t rown sr t c decii buti a a l di riy ef s o e ouns r hei es hei taegi sons, s t oss ast why Def o endant do notatem ptt ditngui oreven r s t o si sh ecogni t exit nceoft spr ze he s e hi ecedent . Thi i pariul l unhel uli apr secas s a t swher couns ' opponenti notlar i t s s tc ary pf n o e uch s hi e els s e ned n he l and i I s lkel t beabl t pr de s cia i hi el. aw s es i y o e o ovi uch t tons ms f 8 2. D elberat Indi erence i e ff Ho ve, p tt panif s as me t h s b e tv p o go t a ay i.Th we r a u ai litf mu t lo e t e u j cie r n f he n lss e ve Pli ifmus s w t te h oft De e nt kne ofa dir ga de t rs pos d by t antf t ho ha ac he f nda s w nd s e r d he ik e he Plitf so j ci eys ro sme ia n e s Fame, 1U.. t8 7 Bu ( e l e c o anif be tv l ei u dc l e d . r r 51 S a 3 . t t gi n e r n g map a t eo tepat f. d co si misn ()da n ssd e n t b i ef s p o t n lrci n h r o . o t r n s ig a ig o i o s o , y t l, u p r a c . s i ee eofdei rt i fee .' o onv.Qui ,1 F.d 1 4,1 (t Ci.998) nfrnc lbeae ndifrnce'J hns nones 45 3 6 66 4h r1 . Th F u t Cic i h ss e o rh rut a umme u t ets t u l :no d rt me thes b e tv p o go te d p h e t h sy i re o e t u j cie r n f h delbeaei fee ei r a i t- antf mus s w ( )t tt Defnda ha a t l i rt ndifrnc nquiy, n nmaepli if t ho 1 ha he e nt d cua knowldgeoft rs ofham t t Pli if and()t Dee ntr ogni dt thi orhe e he ik r o he antf; 2 he fnda ec ze ha s r a to wer i uf i i ntt m ii t t tr s ofha m . l 535 F. a 241 He e i i cl a t t c i ns e ns fc e o tga e ha i k r ko, 3d t . r , t s e r ha t D e e nt kne ofH a lsm e ca c ton. H e tl d a ntm be ofc pl nt a he f nda s w l' di l ondii ie l r om ai s nd g i va est o h t prs ad i sr tvepr es ,a e c oft def nt e t r re nc hr ug he ion m nita i oc s nd a h he enda s ihe r ponde t o te t d hi f hi f tc ton. es d o r r a e m or s oo ondii H owe ,Hal doe no brng f t a e denc t ndi t s w t ta oft M e c ver l s t i orh ny vi e e ng o ho ha ny he di al De e nt knew t tt i r po e t hi c pl i s we e i ufi i ntt m ii t a rs of f nda s ha he r es ns s o s om a nt r ns t c e o tga e i k ha m . Pl i ifm i a gue t tD e e nt di r gar ed t rs pos by hi m edi alne dsby r a ntf ght r ha f nda s s e d he i k ed s c e r f i t pr de hi wih hi desr c ur e oftea m e .Bute n i H a l sf pai e usng o ovi m t s ied o s r t nt ve f l' oot n co tt e a s t ntalrs t hi he t ors f t t M e c lDef nda ss ilm a no be nsiut d ubsa i i k o s alh a e y, he di a e nt tl y t la e i t y r ponde r a ona y undert c r um s a es Fa m e ,511 U . a 843. The e i i bl f he es d e s bl he i c t nc . r r S. t r s not ng t i c e t tany oft M e ca D e e nt , n r pondi t H a l sc hi o ndi at ha he di l f nda s i es ng o l' once ns r , r cog z d t tt i a tonsw e e i uf i e t m ii t a r s ofha m . I f c ,t ver f c e ni e ha he r c i r ns fci nt o tga e ny i k r n a t he y a t t the r ce ve a r s ns e c a e r tm e he co pl i d a ha e i d e po e a h nd ve y i m a ne bouthi f pa n t ndst s oot i e o i c t quiet oppost- t tt y we eco r d a ndia e t he ie ha he r nce ne boutt sm e ca c ton a i e e t d hi di l ondii nd ntr se i he pi r ol i. n l ng es ve t D e e ntB a l a Re s e e Nur e,s w t Pl i iff a m e ca e l ton i M a c f nda l, gi t r d s a he a ntf or di l va ua i n r h 201 W hies r f e t pr s rbehi s i orhope c s ,s di a s hi t the 0. l he e us d o e c i m pecal t di hoes he d dvie m ha co d b wi rahl tcs sa t c ul uy de t ei hoe t he ommi s r a pr de hi wih m e cai Pl ntf s a y, nd ovi d m t di ton. ai if w asa i s n by Ba lon Se e be 22,201 w he e ga n ee l pt m r 0, r upon s a i pr de hi w ih pa n he ga n ovi d m t i media i Pli tf pr de no e de t tDe e ntBaldir r t rs pos d byhi c ton. a n if ovi s vi nce ha f nda l sega ded he ik e s media ne ds To t c r r s e l atd hi , ovi te t nt a r ere hi t a cl e . he onta y, he va u e m pr ded r a me , nd ef r d m o m e c doc or Thi Co ti a f m f r m e ng vi a i ofc tt i di al t . s ur s onz or e dyi ol tons ons iutonalrght ,bu i i s tt doe no hol am e ca de e a i no i t busne sofs tt i iso medial s t d di l gr e, nd s t n he i s ubsiutng t wn c j d me tf r h to la n dp i r c r p o d r.Th r i n ti i t er c r t i iae u g n o t a f e r e rmay a e rvies e e s ohng n h e o d o ndc t D e e ntBal di nota tr as bl und t cic s a es A c r ngl D e e ntBa li f nda l d c e ona y er he r um t nc . co di y, f nda l s e tte t aj g n a amatro lw. n i d o ud me t s te f a l Def nda Boyd, s a Reg s e e N u s w a t D e e ntw ho r s nde t H a l s e nt al o i t r d r e, s he f nda e po d o l' e e ge y g i va e ofJ y 1 201 I hi J y 1 e r nc gre nc s it d a 6: m r nc re nc ul 9, 0. n s ul 9 me ge y iva e, ubm te t 30 p. ,Halwr e:t çm (i)Huri i SerouspanAndne dme ca CaeAtenton, m. l ot $ n sc I tng n i i e di l r t i pe t ni t m y chr c Condii bo di e s i m y f . P1' V . a 1 Boyd r s nde rai ng o oni ton ne s a e n oot' .s S. t 6. ' e po d a 1 1 p. .b t li Ha lt thi gre ncedi notme tt d i ton f a eme ge t 0: 5 m y e lng l ha s iva d e he efnii or n r ncy be a ei wasnotlf t e t ni Si ia l Pl ntf scai agans De enda Shet a c us t ie hr a e ng. m lry, ai if l m i t f nt lon, Li ns Pr c i lN ur e a ce ed a tca s , ppea st be ba e on s ve a i e a tons wih her Fi s , ai if r o sd e r l nt r c i t . r t Pl ntf s ubmitd a e r y gre nc r q s on Augus 5,201 a 1 05p. . Hea s d t the te n me genc iva e e ue t t 0 t 0: m dvie ha w a i pa n f om clm bi up s ve alti sofs a r . He a s a s d t the ha pr vi l sn i r i ng e r l ght tis l o dvi e ha d e ousy had s ger t hi podi rc condii had been r aggr ed,and he needed atenton rght ur y, hat s at i ton e- avat t i i 10 a y.At2: pm , enda Shelon r s wa 00 Def nt t e ponde t thenee d t sg up f rsc c l The d ha de o i n o i k al. V D OC,whi h ope a e K M CC ,d i s e e ge y gre nc ast e t ta i e w he e c rts efne m r nc i va es hos ha r s r t iu to o c n iin whc ma s b e t h o fn e t i daers o sro sp ro a i t ains r o dto s ih y u j c t e fe d r o mme it ik f e iu e s n l s ij r o irp rbl h r ' S eVa De t o Cor cin , fe d rGre a c Pr c d r , nu y r re aa e a m. e . p . f re to s O fn e iv n e o e u e OP ' 8 6., v.l 2 0 a !VI. l i u ce rt teCo r wh te Bo do S l nr ve d 6 1 No , 0 7, t IA. t s n la o h u t eh r y r het e iwe o Hal' m e c r c dsori si a e f t rbef r r pondi t t s eme ge y gre ls dial e or nve tg t d urhe o e es ng o he e r nc ivanc e r quess No t e s t Pl i ifha notpr ded a e de e t tBoyd orShet n kne e t . nehels , he antf s ovi ny vi nc ha lo w t i rs he r e pons sw e e i qua e. l i e ie y r as bl f r a e pl e t t nk t tf pai e r nade t t s ntr l e ona e o n m oye o hi ha oot n d snotco tt ea i medit e r enc e pe i ly i t e oye i f la wih a oe nsiut n m a e me g y, s c al f he mpl e s amiir t pa tc a i ae' be vi a m e ca hit y. Thecli sagans Boyd and Shelon mus riulr nm t s ha or nd di l sor s am i t t t a s be di m i s d. lo s se D e e ntHa ks a Li ns Pr c i al ur e s w Pl ntf Hal on Se e be 22,201 f nda w , ce ed a tc N s , a ai i f l pt m r 0, a r e r d hi t D e e ntBa l Def nda H a nd ef r e m o f nda l. e nt wksa s s Pl ntf Hal o Oc o r 11 l o aw ai i f l n t be , 201 whe Hal co ai d ofahea che Att Ocobe 11e unt r Ha r ommende 0 n l mpl ne da . he t r nco e , wks ec d t tH a la t s c c lf t e t e t ha l tend i k al or r a m n .Ate h t n,Ha ksr s ac ur w e ponded t t Pl i if s o he a ntf co pli t . The ei not ng i t r co d t i c t t tHa m ans r s hi n he e r o ndia e ha wksa t d unr as ce e onabl unde t y r he cic l s a es The cl i a ns Ha ks m us lke i e be di m i s d. r lm t nc . a m gai t w ti w s s se Dee ntW hie i aRegsee Nu s a t He dNurea KM CC.W hie Af. 2. fnda td s itrd re nd he a s t td f ! W hie i t u t d t Pl i ifi t pr rpr e e on how t s gn u f s c c l t d nsr c e he a ntf n he ope oc dur o i p or i k al. 5De enda W hied, t H e Nur e a t f lt suggesst t medi saf w asf iirwih M r. f nt t he ad s t he aciiy, t hat he cal t f am la t Hal' c ls ompl nt :tM r Hal' emer y gre ai s ( . ls genc ivanceswer a oprat y deni Hi s e ppr i el ed. s ympt shave om been on- ng f a numbe ofyear The nur i saf ade el addr s hi emer goi or r s. sng t f quat y es ed s gency gre ivances b sai t a n e r n ywa pr e e a dt thes o drpo t osc c 1'W hi dAf. 1 The y ttng h t o mege c s esntd n ha h ul e r t ik al. ' t f ! 9. e Cour doesnotmea t s t n o ugges t a c t hat ompl ntofs e,c oni pai w oul never i cat a ai ever hr c n d ndi e n emer gency. Undert ecicumsances however t Cour fndst t e i no evi hes r t , , he t i hat her s dencet ng t endi o s how t Boyd and Shelon' r pons e denced delber e i fer hat t s es es vi i at ndif encet Hal' cl m s. o ls ai 11 Addii ly,W hie r s tonal t d e ponde t Ha lsco l or ale tonst t KM CC wa f ii t d o l' ncus y lga i hat he s alng o pr dehi ade t m edi alc r by i t uc i hi he ne ded t s gn up f s c ca l Thes ovi m qua e c a e ns r tng m e o i or i k l. e rs e pons s w ihoutm or do notpr de a s i il ofe de e t tD e e ntW hied a t w ih e, t e, ovi c ntla vi nc ha f nda t c ed t de i r t i f e e e. To t ext ntt tPl i if scl i m a be c t e t a l ge la lt lbe a e ndif r nc he e ha a ntf am y ons nz d o le i biiy a i tW hie f neglgen s r son ofhi s di t i hi r easHe Nur e t tcai gans td or i t upe vii s ubor naes n s ol ad s , ha l m mus a s f i be a ene i nts r ii i no c z bl unde t Ei h Ame e t t lo a l c us glge upe v son s t ognia e r he ght ndm n . Dee d n Ho isi ame ia p sca wh i a sg e t KM CC. Ho isAf. ! fn a t pkn s dc l hy iin o s sin d o pkn f! 1 Ho nss w Pli tf Ha lon Ocobe 1 201 Hopki c ude t tHalhad c oni -2. pki a a n if l t r 4, 0. ns oncl d ha l hr c f panwihmi ma deor t I !15.Ho nst ne ts w HalonDec mber1 201 oot i t ni l f miy. d pki hen x a l e 4, 0, t m o hsl t r A tt ttm e Hopki not d t tH a lhad am id f tde o m iy, i w a not wo nt a e . ha i , ns e ha l l oo f r t but t s s s veea t warnts ca orhopedi s sorouti orho di cons t i I ! 1 o e r s o ra pe il t c hoe sde t pe c ulaton. d 7. s ieo t e efn i s Ho kn ddn t b e t oHal en a l t p rh s s e il o t a pt f h s idng , p is i o o j c t l b ig b e o u c a e p ca f owe r f om t c m i s r w hi h i f e nty m a a iabl t i a e w ih f pr e s r he om s a y, c s r que l de va l e o nm t s t oot obl m . Hopki Af. ! 1 -1 AlhoughHalhasfe tybe na s dofhi a lt t purha e ns f ! 8 9. t l rquenl e dvie s biiy o c s s ca f we rfo t c pe il oot a rm he ommisr i i undiputdt theha no dones Ha Af. 11 say,t s s e ha s t o. wks f! . He eagan,t Pl i ifha notpr d any e de et tHopki kne hi a tons r i he antf s ovi ed vi nc ha ns w s c i , s c fc ly w ih r ga d t de ng t Pl i tf a pr c i i f orhope c s pe i i a l t e r o nyi he a n if es rpton or t di hoesora r f r al eer t a outi o t di s i ls,we e i ufi intt m ii t a rs ofha m t t Pl ntf. o n sde rhope c pec ait r ns fce o tgae ik r o he ai if Thecli agans Hopki mus bedimis d. am i t ns t s se B . M e c M al ac i e di al pr t c To t e e t tH a lss tc n be c tue t s he xt nt ha l' ui a ons r d o ound i m edi lm a pr c i e,i n ca l a tc t consiut asaelw cai SeeEsele, U. a 1 6(t e c lmal a tcedoe not tt es tt a l m. t l 429 S. t 0 k dia prci M s bec ac nsiutonalvi ato meeybec us t vitm i aprs r') SeealoSosbeev. ome o tt i ol in rl a e he ci s ione . . ' s e 12 M u p y 7 7F.d 1 9( t Ci.1 8 )( r n g ie c i me ia dig o i d e n tb ig r h , 9 2 7 4h r 9 6 mee e lg n e n dc l a n ss o s o rn f t afdea cai .TheCour t ydimis t Pli ifsfderlSeci 1 cam,a orh e rl l m) toda s ses he antf' e a ton 983 li nd p ru n t 2 U. C. 1 6 () d cie t e ecs s p e n a j rs ito o e a ysaelw u s a t o 8 S. j 3 7 c, e l s o x rie u plme tl u idcin v r n tt a n c a m st tm a a i e outoft c pl i d- c l i ha y r s he om a ne of onduc .A c or ng y,t Cour ne d no r c t c di l he t e t ea h t M e c lDe e nt 'a gume sf dimi s lunde t Vigi aM edia M apr tceAc . he dia f nda s r nt or s s a r he r ni c l l aci t I V. CONCLUSI ON A s s a e a t out e , a lscl i boisdow n t a di a e m e be wee hi a hi t t d t he s t H l' a m l o s gr e nt t n m nd s m e c pr de son t a opra e c s ofte m e f rc oni podi t i pa n. Buta c a m di al ovi r he ppr i t our e r at nt 0 hr c arc i li conc r ng a di a r e e be w e n a i a e a m e c lpe s e ni s g e m nt t e n nm t nd di a r onne r ga di t di gnos sa l e r ng he a i nd co s oft e t e doesnott ke on a Cons iutona di enson exc pti e r or na y ur e r a m nt a tt i l m i e n xt a di r crumsa s W rc v.Coli ,766F. 841 8 ( hCi.1 ) Asd ic tnce . iht lns 2d , 49 4t r 985 . emonsrtda , tae bove no s h cr m sa esexither . uc icu t nc s e Fort a or m e i d r s ,D e e nt Ge a d T.H o ns De a Ba l M a s he f e ntone ea ons f nda s r r pki , bor h l, vi Boyd,Ca e H a ks W a Shelon,a Euge W hied' M oton f Sum m a y J m e r y w , nda t nd ne t s i or r udg nt ( No.51 i GRANTED.Tot e e t tt Plitf scai ma s i me c ECF )s he xtntha he anif l ms y ound n dial map a tc ,h Co r d cie t e riej rs ito o e tos cams Ac o dn l t c s lrcie t e u t e ln s o xecs u id cin v r h e li . c r igy,he a e a ns t M e c lD ef nt i D I I gai t he di a enda s s SM SSED . A n a o i t or rs l t sday i s ppr pr a e de ha l hi s ue. ENTER:ti V hs ' dyo Jn ay 2 1. a f aur, 0 2 orUnied St esD i ti t at sr c 13 dge

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