Johnson v. Shear et al, No. 7:2010cv00381 - Document 33 (W.D. Va. 2011)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 9/1/2011. (tvt)
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G ERA o'Fl u. , sm O ur e' s sl ATM NVI E. A LL V q I ED I TH E UN I N TED STA TES DI STRI T C O U R T C FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STR I T O F VI G I I C R N A RO AN O K E DIV I N SIO ë- 2 JU . B: E . L Y/ K EV I JO H N SO N , N Pl ntf ai if, C i lA cton N o.7: cvvi i 10- 00381 V. M EM O M N D U M O PINIO N LIND A SH EAR ,etal, . D efendant s. By: H on.Jackson L .K i er s Seni U ni ed St es D i ri Judge or t at st ct Ke n J vi ohns n,a V igi a i a e pr ee ng pr y ,f l d a c vi r g s c pl i o r ni nm t oc di o q ie i l i ht om a nt - p rua t o4 U. C. 1 8 wi j rs ito vetdi 28U. C. 1 43 Plitf na sa u s n t 2 S. j 9 3 t u id cin se n h S. j 3 . anif me s dee nseg e pe eoft Vigi aDe rme ofCor ci (E fnda t ihten opl he r ni pa t nt re tons û VDOC',mosl VDOC ' ) ty e oye a t RedOni Stt Prs n Cçt dOni '.The i udeLi Shea,Ge mpl es t he on ae io le on' ) y ncl nda r ne J ohns n,Fr d Sc li J o e hilng, ohn Gar a Tr c Ra Ri ha d Row l te, am çsW a C .Sa ye s m n, a y y, c r et J de, l r, W im ont S.C l k,A .H am it D .D alafor,O s ne,M .Boggs Rena M uli Fonni l , ar lon, l i bour , lns, e Ta or Ke n M ccoy a J m esLya l Pli ifal st tt def nda ss ' i a e yl , vi nd a l. antf lege ha he e nt el nm t s ve i di e a unhe t f a Red Oni Pli ifr uessm yi c a ,a t def nda sfl ne bl nd alhy ood t on. antf eq t e us l nd he e nt ied amo inf rs mmayj dg n .Th tmef rpanift rs nde pr d, ma i gt ematr to o u r u me t e i o litf o epo x ie 1 kn h te rpef diposton.Afe r viwi t r c d, de pl i ifsm o i f r us a gr nt i or s ii tr e e ng he e or I ny antf ' ton or ec al nd a ted fn a t' to f rs mmayj d me t h e e d n s moi n o u r u g n . Pl i i fdes r best f l ng i or a i i hi c pl i t Pl i ifi di s ts i d a ntf c i he olowi nf m ton n s om a n . a ntf s s a i f e 1 aniffldamoinfrsncinsb cus plitf p ru n t VDOC p lc , i ar dy i e t RedOni Plitf ie to o a to e a e anit u sa t o oiy s lea ndebtd o on f mor t $50f prorc c t a RedOni wilnol rpr defe copist hi . Pl i tf cl m st t or e han or i opy oss nd on l onge ovi re e o m a n if ai ha heha afdavisfom Red Onin im ae buthedi notfl t m wiht co ti r pons be aus hecoul not d fi t r o n ts d ie he t he ur n es e c e d ha fe copi m ade Howeve ,Ifndt sa gumen doe notwa rnts nci , andlden hi r ques. Se ve r e es . r i hi r t s ra a tons y se t e UntdSae v Mou so i4 3F.d2 0 2 6(t Ci. 0 7 (ttn fd r l o rsp sesc rani id i tts . sa u, 8 3 2 , 3 4h r2 0 ) saig e ea c u t o s s eti mpl e e ih r n po r) Cr wlv v L. 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Cons que l t .) e nty,he V D O C' m enu pl nsale dl i ovi f r o y t m i m um da l nut ii na ne ds of S a l ge y t pr de o nl he ni iy r to l e s d nayt o ymo eaeya tv pes ngi)i c lre c u ta di vi mi a mieas' e e tr o nl d rt l cie ro sc n ao is o n n n t ns nd n r l. n ' (d. ) Plitf camst a h e rie sxd y p rwe k a d te eo e t eme ui 1 2. anif li h t e xecs s i a s e e n ,h r f r ,h n s i deq t f hi (d. ) Pli ifalgest tdee nt Ra Ro et ûa ot r' na uae or m. 1 4. antf le ha fnda s y, wlte,snd he s' punihed i aeswho br orr f e t r t n t rf taysby pl cngt m on r src e s nm t oke e us d o eur hei ood r a i he e tit d f e igs h d l wihDitLo é f rpeid o u t o ewe ka d o b sr igteimae ' e dn c e u e t e a o ro s f p o n e n / r y e vn h n ts f i r rorSt of m plt a c wihoutata I 3- ) Pli ifague t tus of ood n ubbe yr oa aes nd ups t ry.(d. 4. antf r s ha e t Di tLoafi apunii m e ur am e a dbe vi con r / he e s tve as e i d t s ha or tolmodii ton'a t ti i fcai ' nd ha t s nutiinal i de t (d.4, rto ly na quae. I ) Pli ifal gest tvarousVDOC ofi i l ha r t la e a i thi bypr ve i antf le ha i tc a s ve e ait d ga ns m e ntng hi f om m a ng e e ge y gr e nce f rt e m on hs a t he co pl i a m r ki m r nc i va s o hr e t fer m a ned boutt f he ood quaiy.(d. ) Pli ifaloc anst theha no be n al dt pur es e ntl lt I 3. antf s ompli ha s t e lowe o chas upplme a f ie sa t prs c m is y Cn vi ai ofVigi a Boa d ofCoreci St nda ds'' ood t m t he ion om s ar t ol ton i r ni r r tons a r . (d.4. l ) Pl ntf r quessa r le uns c fe no i l c ai if e t s ei f pe iid m na , ompe aor , a punii da a s ns t y nd tve m ge j itya d sv rl a an tted fn nswi p e a po tj d me ti tr s.Plitf as o nl n e e al g i s h ee da t t r- nd s-u g n ne et anif lo y h 2A r ti e fedig s dul m e nsa i aer ceve t i dal a 1 t 1 1 c oreDitLoa . The Di t esrctd e n che e a n nm t e i s w ce iy 250 o 5 0 al i e f e Loafi ahi cal i tourba edba d m i ur ofot rnutii i r dint. ( mpl Ex C. s gh- ore,l - s ke xt e he rtous ng e e s Co . . ) rq e t ij n tv r le e u ss nu cie eif 1. I PLAI FF FAI TO ESTABLI A BASI FOR M Y R ECUSAL. NTI LS SH S A s a i ta m a t r pl i if fl d a m oton s ki m y r us l Tw o f de als a ut n nii l te , a ntf ie i ee ng ec a . e r t t es g v m j dca rc a : e to 1 4a d S cin45 of te2 o t UntdS ae Co e o e u iil e us l S cin 4 n e t o 5 Ti 8 f he ie tts d . l Se i 1 r quiest pettone t f l a a fda ta a c r ii t ofc cton 44 e r he ii r o ie n fi vi nd e tfca e ouns lofr c d s a i e e or t tng t cl i i m a i good f ih;Se i 455 i s f a tva i a doesno r qui e s h he a m s de n at cton s el- c i tng nd t e r uc pr e a se . Si pl ntf di no f l w t pr e alr quie e sofSe ton 1 I oc dur l t ps nce ai if d t olo he oc dur e r m nt c i 44, consr hi m o i f rr c alunde Seci 455. Se Gi nsv.O' nn,No.2: v0 4, tue s ton o e us r ton e ve Oui 02c 021 2005U. Dit LEXI 31 a * 6( . Va De 7,2005 ( tr ni rc a unde j455 S. s. S 597, t 5- W D. . c. ) deemi ng e usl r snc panifddno tl a afd vi o c riiaer q ie b j 1 4 (ii gLi e e gv. at i e litf i tie n fia t r e t c t e ur d y 4 ) ctn l b r He 1h f j Sv s Ac usto Co p.48 U. 8 7 8 n. ( 9 8 ( h us, J, is ni )ta l. c . q iiin r , 6 S. 4 , 71 3 1 8 ) Re nq itC..dse tng smel A Uni d S ae j d eû h l ds u lf hi efi a ypr c e igi whihh s t tts u g ç al iq aiy ms l n n o e dn n c i e s i ril ymih ra o bl b q sin d' 2 U. C. 45 ( ) j d emu tas d s u lf mpa t i g t e s na y e ueto e . 8 S. j 5a .A u g s lo iq aiy at ' hms l û eeheh sapes n l a o p eudc c n en n ap ry o pes n l no e g o i ef s r wh a ro a bis r rj ie o c r i g at , r ro a k wld e f diputde de ir f t conc r ngt pr e ng. J j45 () 1.P ril yrq ie a s e vi ntay acs eni he oce di ' # ' 5b () a tai e ur s n t -. . a r ntwr ulori ppr it diposton t wa d apa t Unied Stt v. don,61F.3d ppa e ongf na oprae s ii o r ry. t a es Gor 263,267( hCi.1 (ii. Liek v. tdStts 51 U. 5 55 ( 4t r 995) ctn t y Unie ae , 0 S. 40, 2 1994:.Bi rquies x as e r 4af vor bl orunf vor bl diposton oropi o t ti s m e ç a a e a a e s ii ni n ha s o how wr ulori ppr ra e oncf na op it , et e b c u ei i u d s r e . .e t u nk wld et tt s b e t u h no t p s e s, . ih r e a s t s n e ev d, . r ss po no e g ha he u jc o g t t o o s s g ) . . ( qi e s i i de ee.... Lieky,510U. a 55 ( i nale or s xce sve n gr ' t ' S. t 0 orgi mphass .Bisor i) a pa ta iy,howe r a e notG xpr sonsof i pa i nc di s ts a i a ri lt ve , r s es i e m te e, s a i f cton, nnoya e, and even nc a r t ta ewihi t boundsofwha i re tm e a wom e eve a trha ngbe n nge , ha r t n he t mpe f c n nd n, n fe vi e c nime a fd r l u g s s mei sds ly' 1 . t5 5 5 . o fr d s e ea j d e , o tme ipa . d a 5 - 6 ' Ale i biso p eu ieo aj d esve o r l st t rs fo fcso e e t i lgng a r rj d c f u g ' iws r ui ha a ie r m a t r v ns n ng cure orprorpr ee ngsi a i ufi e ba i f r c a unl st opi onsddiply a r nt i oc di s n ns fcint ss or e us l es he ni û s a de p-e tdfvo iim ora a s t two dma fij men i sbl ' l a 5 e s ae a rts ntgonim ha ul ke ar udg t mpos i e. d. t 55. ' S eBec rv. ie S ae , 5U. 2 282 ( 9 1 (e u i fd r lud efo tilfr e r e Untd tts 25 S. 2, - 9 1 2 ) rc sng e e a j g r m ra o sai g t emus ha eaveyj diil n ,n e d no b t (ijp eu ie a ans t ttn ,k on t v r u ca mid id e , t e o sc rj d c d g i the Gema Ameia i t sc r r n rc ns n hi ounty.Therhe rsaer ki wih dil ly.) Eve rmaks i a t z ee ng t soyat ' . n e z ' m a i ha a e c ii alordi a ovi of ore n hos ie t co el t pa tes ort rc e , de û t r r tc t s ppr ng , ve tl o, uns , he r i , hei as s or na iy do no s ppor a bi orpa ta iy c le ' t y,51 U . a 555. A ddii ly, di rl tu t as ri lt ha l nge. 'Liek 0 S. t tona l a j g i n t e ur dt r c s hms l smpl û e a s o u u po td,rain lo hg l ud e s o r q ie o e u e i ef i y s c u e f ns p re irto a, r ihy b tn o ss e uaingq'Untd S ae v. Te l,1 2 F.d2 9, 7( t Ci.1 9 )(iain e u u p c lto .' ie tts De mpe 6 3 7 28 4h r 9 8 ctto omit . ted) Pli ifsmoton f isa am at roflw a hehasnots antf i al s te a s hown ade t bi so pa ta iy qua e a r rilt ts o uppor r us l Al ofpl i if sgr t ec a . l antf ' oundsf rr c a sem fom c t oc edi a o e us l t r our pr e ngs nd e i e e a t elw i ce r h t u iil iwp it aiigfo c u t o e dn saen t v d nc , nd h a s la t a j d ca ve on s rsn r m o r pr c e ig r o a s f c e bass f r us l y onl know l e ofpl i ifc esf om hi a tonst l d i t s ufi i nt i or ec a .M y edg a ntf om r s c i i e n hi c t la no bi e a ns pl i if bute n i pl i ifsa lga i i tue,ha s er a o our. m t as d gai t antf , ve f antf le ton s r t t ol e s n unde l ng hi c am ofnegai diposton i no a s fce ba i f r us l Li y,51 U . ryi s l i tve s ii s t ufi int ss or ec a . ke 0 S, a 550- . Abs nta r s bl bas sf quesi ng m y i pa ta iy, i i i pr rf m et t 51 e ea ona e i or toni m ri lt t s m ope or o rc emys f Unie Sttsv. ik,946F. 335,336- ( hCi.1 ) Ac or ngl I e us el. td ae Glc 2d 37 4t r 991. c di y, deny pl i if s m oton f r c a . a ntf i or e us l B. PLAI FFFAI TO STATE CLAI SUPON W HI R ELI M AY BE GRANTED. NTI LS M CH EF lm us di m i s a a t o orc ai f l d by a i a e i Ide e m i t tt a ton or t s s ny c i n l m ie n nm t f t r ne ha he c i c am i fi ousorf l t sa eacl m on whih r i m a begr t d. See28 U. C. l i s rvol ais o t t ai c elef y an e S. jj1 5 e( ) 1 5 b () 4 U. C. 1 9 ec .Th frtsa adi lde camsb s d 91 ()2 , 91 A( ) 1; 2 S. j 9 7 () e is tnd r ncu s li a e upon S n i s a y m e il s l ga t ol ' t l i s ofi rnge e ofa l ga i er s whi h ' ndi put bl a rtes e l he y ' d a m c nf i m nt e l nt e t c c e ry doesnote s ,' cl i swhe e t t ac ualc e i a e c e ry ba e es ' N e t ke v. lal xi t' or a m r he d t f ont ntons r l a l s l s. ' iz W ila , U. 31 3 ( 989) Thes ondsa r i t fmiirsa r f amoi t lims 490 S. 9, 27 1 . ec tnda d s he a la tnda d or ton o dimisunderFedea Rul ofCi lPr edur 1 b)6) a c ptngt pli ifsf t l s s rl e vi oc e 2( ( , c e i he antf acua aleg tonsa tue A c l ai s r . ompl ntnee $ s ta pli sae e oft cai s ai ds ( hor nd an t tm nt he l m howi t tt a ng ha he pl de i e ildt rle a s fcen tgj t lalgai ...t r s arghtt r le a ea r s ntte o eif' nd ufii t çfacua le tons o aie i o eif bove t s cultvelvel.... BelAt.Cor v. he pe ai e ' l l p. Twombl 550U. 544,555( ' y, S. 2007)(ntr l i e na quoai maksomit .A pli ifsbassf rle tequiesmor t lbesa tton r ted) antf i or eif d r r e han a l nd co l i .... 1 The ef e apli ifmus ta lgef t s t e t sa eal t e e nt ncusons ' d. r or , antf ' t dle acs ufki nt o tt l he l me s of(he cli ' Bas v. l DupontdeNe ur & Co.3 F. 761 765(t Ci.2003 . t l am.' s E.. mo s , 24 3d , 4h r ) H o eve ,de e m i ng whe he a c pl i s a esa pl usbl cl m f r le i $ w r t r ni t r om a nt t t a i e ai or e i f s C a c n e ts e i ct s t a r q ie t er ve n c u tod a o isj d ca e einc a d o tx -p ct a k h t e ur s h e iwig o r t rw n t u iil xp re e n i c m on s ns ' A s r f v. q l U . om e e. ' hc o t l ba , S. - - , 1 9S. . 9 7, 95 ( 0 ) Th s ac u t 2 Ct 1 3 1 0 20 9 . u , o r sr ni ac antunderRul l b)6)c ni ntf pla ng t taenote ildt a cee ng ompli e 2( ( a de iy e di s ha r ntte o n a s pton oft u h bev us t y e i tofno m or t n l be s a co s um i rt a e he ons s e ha a l nd ndus ons J Al ug l i . . t h Q ho lber l cons r pr K com pl nt H ai v.K erner, 404U. 519, 20- ( 972) l nota i aly t ue o ai s, nes S. 5 21 1 , do d a t i s he mnat sa e' dvoca e s s t , ua pont de l ng s a u or a c tt i e ve opi t t t y nd ons iutonalcl i s t i a e a m he nm t fie t ce ryrieo t fc o t c mplit Se Br c v. rol 1 7F.d2 , 4 (t ald o lal as n he a e f he o an . e o k Car l, 0 3 4l 2 3 4h Ci.1 ( tg, ,c uri ;Bea t v. t ofHa on,77 F. 1 4,1 ( hCi. r 997) Luti J. onc rng) udet Civ mnt 5 2d 27 278 4t r 1 5) Se as Gor v. ke,574F. 11 1151( h Ci.1 )(e ognii t tditit 98 . e lo don Lee 2d 47, 4t r 978 r c zng ha src cou t a e note c ed t as um e t r e ofad a e f t pr > pl ntf rs r xpe t o s he ol voc t or he o q ai ig. . . 1. Pl i iff ist s a e a c a m a i tde e nt M c y,Sc li G a m a W im ont a ntf a l o t t l i ga ns f nda s co hilng, r n, l , Sayer , l Clr Hamit Da lfo o Boggs l s Lyal, a k, lon, la i r r . Tosaeacam u d rj 1 8 , plitf mus alg çh v oainof rg tsc r db tt li n e 9 3 a an if t le e s e i lto a ih e ue y t t Consiuton a l wsoft Unie St t ,a m us s w t tt alege de i to was he tt i nd a he t d aes nd t ho ha he l d prva in commitdb ape s aci unde col ofsaelw. W e tv. ki ,487U. 42, ( 988 . te y ron tng r or tt a ' s At ns ' S. 48 1 ) H ow e r pl i iff l t a l ge a f c saga ns de e ant M c ve , a ntf ais o le ny a t i t f nd s coy,Sc li G a n, hilng, nna W im ont Sa ye s Lyal,Cl r Hnm it D a l f o and B oggsand,t ,f l t s a e a c ai l , l r, l a k, lon, la i r hus ais o t t l m ag ns t m . ai t he Pl i iff ist s a e a cl i a uthi a e st t Red Oni co m i s r a ntf a l o t t a m bo s ec s o he on m s a y. Pl i i falege t the ha notbee a l a ntf l s ha s n lowed t pur has s e e a f ie sa t o c e uppl m nt l ood t m t he Red Oni c mi s r Pl ntf alocompl nst tRe Oni empl yee us a e st t on om s a y. ai if s ai ha d on o s e cc s o he c omm is r asûa e e i n oft dicplna y pr e e'a lm i a ce st t comm is r t s a y tn xt nso he s i i r oc dur ' nd i t c s o he say o t e i a esw ho have notc m it a d s i i r i r c i nsovera pe i oftm e. hos nm t om ted ny i c plna y nf a t o r od i ' ' ( Compl4. .) Pl i i ff ist i ntf t l ga ba i o a c tt t o lc ai t a es t Red Oni n a ntf a l o de i y he e l s s f ons iu i na l m o cc s he o c omm is r Thi f l ei nots prsng be a ei t sdo notha a c tt i lrg t a s a y. s aiur s ur ii c us nma e ve onsiutona i ht o c ommis r Ga s ay. nnonv. ye s 2009U. DitLEXI 27542( . Va.M a.30,2009)(ii Al r, S. s. S W D. r ctng Cat v. as 21 F. x258,259- (t Ci. o W ton, 2 App' 60 5h r 2006).Se Ar r v.KeeeCommis r ) e eha t f say 6 Nçwor Sae ,2009U. Dit LEXI 76033( . Va 2009)(W ofdea c tt i l t k ls S. s. S W D. . û e rl onsiutona pr sonr uiesj ist pr dei t wihac ovii eq r al o ovi nmaes t ommis r t purha ef ie a a say o c s ood tms t ny prc ' (ii To v. montout 97F. 1 ,1 3( t Ci.1996 ie.' ctng kl Ar r , 3d 078 08 8h r ) :. M o e r t de e nt pr de a r tona bas st r s rctac es t c m i s r r ove , he f nda s ovi a i l i o e t i c s o om s a y prvie sa Re Oni i lge t d on.Se Tur rv.Salv, 2U. 78,89( 987)( di t tt rto l e ne fe 48 S. 1 hol ng ha he aina basst ta ist cli ofconsiutona vi ainsi vi ac r tona fclt .Re i es pple o ams tt i l olto nvol ng oreci l a iiy) d Oni W a de Ra t s i i t tR e Oni pr desa çba i qua iy oflf prvieg pl n' t t on r n y e t fes ha d on ovi ç s c lt i e i l e a ' ha alwsi tst e ni ra i glv l o p iie e b sdo g odbe a o .( yAf.De .' lo nmae o m. nce sn e es f rv lg s a e n o h vir Ra f ( fs Br Supp. ot Slmm.J ( 21 Ex.A)! 1 ) Thepur eoft spln i Sohepofendes . M . z .no. ) 9. pos hi a s s l f r t r cog z t i r s e nie her e ponsbiiy f goodbe vi ra i o ng c ng s lsr t rt n i lt or ha o nd mpr vi opi kil ahe ha e bii be vi ss e ngi dit grtfc ton.(d. Unde t spln,i t whor ri xhi tng ha or e ki mme ae aiiai I ) r hi a nmaes efan f o c m itng t m os s r ous di c plna y of e e f 1 5 ye r a w ho r r i f om r m om ti he t ei s i i r f ns s or . a s nd ef a n r c m itng c r a n l ss r o di c plna y of e e f r 6 m ont m a r gai t ra e st om ti e t i es e i us s i i l f ns s o hs y e n hei cc s o s ksfom t c nac r he ommis r (-z say. J . 4) W a de R a t tfest tJ hns n ha bee c r n y esi i ha o o s n onvi t d o 51 di c plna y of e e snce c e f 6 s i i r f ns s i 1 991, nc udi s s rousdi c plnm' of e e a t ea e ng bodiy ha m ,a r c nty a i l ng uch e i s i i y f ns s s hr t ni l r s ee l s Novembe 201 (#. 20. Duet t spatr ofbe vir Re Onin ofi asrmove r 0. J=! ) o hi ten ha o , d o fcil e d pli ifsprviege t t co m is r Ac or ng y, hedef nt ha ar tonaeba i a ntf' i l s o he m s a y. e di l t enda s d ai l ss r a ona y r l t d t a l gii at pe ogi a i t r tt r m ove pl i if s a e st t e s bl e a e o e tm e nol c l n e es o e a ntf cc s o he c m m i s r but r ga dl s , a ntf doe no ha a c tt i lrghtt a com m i s r . o s a y, , e r e s pl i i f s t ve onsiutona i o s ay Pl i iff is t s a e a cl i a a ntf a l o t t a m bouta ce st g i va pr dur s. c s o r e nce oce e Pl i ifcl i s t pr s ofk i l pr ve e hi f om f lng m or em er nc gre nc s a ntf a m hat i on t a s e nt d m r ii e ge y i va e afe hefld m a e e ge y g ivanc sa tr ie ny m r nc re e boutt aleg ypoorf he l edl ood.Howe r pl i ifdoe ve , antf s notha a due pr e s orot r c tt i lr g t Red Oni s ort V D O C' g i va e ve oc s he ons iutona i ht o on' he s r e nc pr e es l i wel s tl d t tt Consiuto c e t sno e il m e ofaprs rt oc dur . t s l e te ha he tt i n r a e ntte nt ione o g iva epr edur sora e st a s h pr dur vol nt rl e t ihe bya sae.Ada s re nc oc e cc s o ny uc oce e u a iy sabls d tt m v.Rie,40F. 72,75( h Ci.1 .Acc di y,pl niff ist saeacam upo whih c 3d 4t r 994) or ngl aitf al o tt li n c r le m ay be gr nt d. e if a e Pli iff l t sa ea cai a a ntf ais o tt l m boutSt of m a r rut is pl t war ,orta . yr oa nd ubbe ensl , a e e r ys Pli tf ale st tde enda spu s d i aeswho br orr us d t r ur t rf a n if l ge ha f nt nihe nm t oke ef e o et n hei ood taysby gi ngt m Di tLoa f up t onewe k ml orby s r ng i a e 'f wih nz ror r vi he e f or o e d/ e vi nm t s ood t bbe St of m ut nsl , a e r o ta .Howe r pl i ifpr s nty l c sa ngt s on yr oa e is plt wa e, r r ys ve , antf e e l a ks tndi o ue be l ofot ri ts SeeLuinv. fnde sofW idlf 5 U. 555,560- 4992) haf he nmae . a Dee r l ie, 04 S. 61 1 ( odngt a sa dngr q ie ij r , a sto a r d e s blt) Ev ni pli t f e ev d h li h t tn i e ur s nu y c u ain, nd e r sa ii . e f ani r c ie y f St r f m orr re tng ie s pl ntf d notha a c tt i lrghtt sl r r o t y o oa ubbe a i t m , ai if oes ve onsiutona i o ive wa e r o no r ce ve St r on orr te i y of m ubbe ut ns l ,pl t w a e,o t a . A cc di y, a ntf f l t s a e r e is a e r r r ys or ngl pl i if ais o t t ac am u whih r i fm a begr nt l i pon c ele y a ed. C. THE D EF NDANTSA RE ENTI ED TO SUMMARY J E TL UDGM E F PLAI F ' M E AND NT OR NTI F S NU DI LOAF CLAI S. ET M A p ryi e t ldt sz r j d me tSft pla ig ,h ds o e ya ds ls r a t s n i e o lmma y u g n d he e dn s te ic v r nd ico u e t i ma e i l on fl a a a fda t s t ras ie, nd ny fi vis how t tt r i no ge neis ast a ma e i lf d a ha he e s nui s ue o ny t ra a nd t themo n i e ildt j d me ta amatro lw. Fe . . v. 5 ()3 M aeil a t ha t va t s nt e o u g n s te f a ' d R Ci P. 6 c . tra fcs t ' 3Thepa te r ceve r onabl a e i tnotcet tte cour m a c ris e i d eas e nd xplci i ha h t y onver am oton t dim i st tr e e es t i o s s ha ef r nc matr o tiet pla n sit amoinfrs mmayj d metwh nt eClr is e atmeyRo e oonoie tes usd he e dig no to o u r u g n e h ek su d i l sb r tc . S eFe R. v P.1 d ; sb r v. rion 5 F.d3 9 31 ( t Ci. 9 ) e d. Ci. 2() Ro e o o Gars , 28 2 0 , 0 4h r 1 75. a et ene s a yt esa ih t elm e sofapa t sc us ofa on.Ande s v. be t r hos ce s r o tbls he e nt ry' a e di r on Li ry Lobbv.l .477U. 242,248( 98 .A ge neis ofmaeilf te ssi,i viwi t nc, S. 1 6) nui sue tra ac xit f n e ng he r or a a1 r as bl i e e esdr t r fom i alghtm os f vor bl t t non- o ng ec d nd l e ona e nf r nc awn he e r n i t a a e o he m vi pary,aras bl f tfnde coul rt naveditf t nont e ona e ac-i r d eur r c or he mova .Jl Themovi pa t nt .a t ng ry hast bur n ofs he de howi - dha i,poi i outt t dititc t- t t r i an a e eof ng s t s ntng t o he src our hat he e s bs nc evi nce t s de o uppor t nonm ovi pa t s c e. Cel ex Cor v. t e t 477 U . 31 325 t he ng ry' as ' ' ot p. Ca r t, S. 7, (1 ) l t mova s tsi t sbur n,t nt non- va mus s tfrh s cii f t 986 . f he nt aifes hi de he he mo nt t e o t pe fc acs ad i s bl a e de e t tde ons r t t exi t nce ofa ge ne i s off d f t i l Fe R. m s i e s vi nc ha m t a e he s e nui s ue a or r a . d. Ci . 5 ( ) i a 3 2- .A p ryi e tte t s mmayj d me t f h r c r a awh l v P. 6 c 'd. t 2 23 , a t s n i d o u r u g n i t e e o d s oe l c d notl a ar tona ti roff c t fnd i f voroft nonoul e d ai l re ato i n a he mova .W ila sv.Grfi 952 nt lim ifn, F. 820,823( hCi.1 ) 2d 4t r 991 . Co ves l, u r j g n i ia p o raei t ee ie ei s fi in f ra n rey s mmay ud me t s n p r p it f h vd nc s u tce t o r as bl f c - i rt r ur a ve di ti f vo oft non- o ng pa t A nder on, 7 U . e ona e a t fnde o et n r c n a r he m vi r y. s 47 S. a 2 .Eve i t r i n d s u ea t t e i e tayf cs s t 48 n f hee s o ip t s o he v d nir a t, ummayj dg n i as n t r u me t s lo o a o i t whe et uli a ef c ua c l i nst bedr wn a e i diput Ove sr tv. ppr pra e r he tm t a t l oncuso o a r n s e. r tee Kv. Ce . f I Co.950F. 931 937(t Ci.1 ) A c tma net rrs veds e nt Lie ns. , 2d , 4h r 991 . our y ihe e ol iputd fdsorweih t e denc Ruselv. ir vneCo p.65F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ) nor a g he vi e, s l M cod r , 3d 229, 239 4t r 995 , ma deer nai ofcrdi lt Sos be v. uphv,797F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 . ke t mi tons e biiy, e e M 2d 79, 82 4t r 986) Rahe , hepa t opposng t moton i en ild t ha hi orhe ve son oft f dsa ce e t rt ry i he i s tte o ve s r ri he a c ptd ast ue a m or ove , o ha a li t r c lc sr ol i hi orherf vor Cha bo ge de r nd, e r t ve l n e nal onf i t es ved n s a . r nna s Frnc v.Smih,597F. 406,41 ( h Ci.1 .Howe r ûy he o i pa te tl t a e t 2d 4 4t r 979) ve,twl n pposng ris elwo dif r ts ores one ofw hi h i bl t nty c r di t by t r or , s t tnoras f e en t i , c s a a l onta c ed he ec d o ha e onabl j y e ur c d be i ve i,a c ts d nota oul le t our houl doptt tve s on oft f c sf pur e ofr i on a ha r i he a t or pos s ulng moi f s ton or ummayj me .'Sc tv. ri,550U. 37 380( r udg nt' ot Hars S. 2, 2007) Furhemor,apa t . t r e ry Sn t nnotc e e a genui i s ofm a era f c t oug m e e s ul i n ort buidi ofo c r at ne s ue t i l a t hr h r pec ato he l ng ne i ee upona t r' al v.Ha d 769F. 21 21 (t Ci.1 .Theeor Cg ee nfrnce nohe . 'Be e r y, 2d 3, 4 4h r 985) rf e,imjr u s p o tds e ulto . .sn t no g t d fa as mmayj d me t to ' En sv. n u p re p c ain . i o e u h o ee t u r u g n moi n. ni ' Na 'As ' ofBus & Educ.Ra o.l ,53F. 55, ( h Ci.1 ) M oeove,apli if tl sn . di nc. 3d 62 4t r 995 . r r antf c n o rl o ar s ns t amo inf rs mma yj d me t oa t sa a n me tt c re t a n t ey n epo e o to o u r u g n t c a n me d n o o r c d t e de i ac mplitc le g db ad fn a tsmo inf rs mma yj dg n .S e ekin s n o an haln e y ee d n ' to o u r u me t e Gimourv. ts M c l & Co.38 F. 1 2,1 5( t Ci.2004)(( pli ifma not l Gae , Donad , 2 3d 31 31 11h r :A antf y a n h rc mplitt o g ag me t nab ifo po ig s mmayj dg n .) Baca W ht me d e o an hr u h r u n i re p sn u l u me t'; r ly ie ' Ska ka.nc. BatleM e 'l t, F. x556,563& n.6( h Ci. ns I v. tel m l ns.262 App' 1 4t r 2008)@ o. 071 ,a lbl a 2008W L 23856 a * 2008U. App. 084) vaia e t 2, t 6, S. LEXI 1 6, t*1820 ( i t t S 91 a - notng ha ot rc r uiss m ia l pr bi a pl ntf f om r i i ne c a m s i o he ic t i l ry ohi t ai i f r a sng w l i n ppos ton t s m a y ii o um r j udgme a noi t tdititc t wihi t Fourh Cic tha a e Gimour. nt nd tng ha src ours t n he t rui ve doptd l ) To s ce d on an Ei t Amendme d r e a unus lpunihm e ' ca m , prs ne uc e gh h nt t u l nd c ua s nt' li a i o r mu tp o et f lo ngee n s ( ) h d p iaino ab sch ma n e wa o j ciey s r v he ol wi lme t: 1 t e e rv to f a i u n e d s b e tv l C u tce tys ro s' n ()t ep io ofca s j cieya dwi d lb rt i ifrn e t fi inl ei u 'a d 2 h rs n fiil ube tv l de t eie ae ndfee c . s h W is v.Setr 5 U. 294,298,303( 991.Ale tonsofi de t f frhuma lon ie , 01 S. 1 ) lgai na quae ood o n nutii lne oruns nia y f s r i ef ciii m a bes t i ntt sa e ac za e rtona eds a t r ood e v c a ltes y ufk e o tt ogni bl c tt i lcai i t de i ton i s rousa t de e nti dei r t l i fe e t onsiutona l m f he prvai s e i nd he f nda s lbe a ey ndif r nt o t ne Se Bol nRv. s usr 575F. 461( hCi.1 ) he ed. e dî Holho e , 2d 4t r 978 . 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ComplEx.C. anifalge t tt . )Plitf le s ha he VDOC r m ovedt m e tco e fom t DitLoa i 2006 a di notr pl e i wih a he e he a nt nt r he e fn nd d e a e t t not r pr t i s ce o e n our . Li Shea ,a nur e a t V D OC D i tc a pr de t f l ng a nne st nda r s nd he e i i n, ovi d he olowi ve nt o s p o th d fn a t'mo inf rs mmayj d me t Th VDOC' r g lrme up o i e a u p r t e e e d n s to o u r u g n . e S e ua n rvd s daiyc orci akeof2700- c ores ( a Af.!6. TheVDOC rc ntytse t Dit l al i nt 2800 al i . She r f ) e e l etd he e Loafa f nd ound t tt daiy c orci a fom Di Loaf exc ed t r quie nt ofVDOC ha he l al i nt ke r et s e he e r me s Fo dS r ie Ma ua b ofeig30 c lre pe d y td !7. TheDitLo fc nans o e vc s n l y frn 20 ao is r a . L= ) e a o ti t m pl pr t n' f om ki s e o ei ' r a dney bea ,dr m ik,a e ,a m e tw asr m oved f om t Di t ns y l nd ggs nd a e r he e Loa t a co f o c mmodaeve t a .(d AsofFe ay2011 J o wa 5' 't land t gemi ns L=) bnlr , ohns n s 9' al weghe 1 pounds ç ch i aheat we g f hi heghtba e on t Na i l tt eof i d 80 ,s whi s lhy i ht or s i sd he tonal nsiut He lhb d ma side c a t'(d. 8) at o y s n x h r. l ! . ' Re O ni sD iec orofN ur i a s a r t tpl ntf w e g d 1 pounds i Fe ua y d on' r t sng l o ve s ha ai i f i he 80 n br r 20 ll a he ' e e ofhi m e v r v d be w e n A prl%,201 a Am i 1 20l1, d not nd tr vi w s di al e or t e i 0, nd l 2, di r ve lû ny c pl n s a uthunge ,f po s ni oro he f r l t i s s i t pa t e a 6 a om ai t bo r ood i o ng t r ood e a ed s ue n he s ye . ( ppsAf. 4- )NurePhi smial rporst tpli ifûsnotundeweghtor ar' Phi ' f!! 5. s pps i lry e t ha antf û i r i mano ihed. (d. 5. Fi ly,J me W a t Re Oni FoodOpe ai Diet , ve s l urs ' l ! ) nal a s de,he d on ' rtons r cor a r t tal f a Red O ni i l ng t Di tLoaf i pr pa e i a or nc w ih t V D OC ha l ood t on, nc udi he e , s e r d n cc da e t he m a t rm e e ua e quare l pr ec ed f om c a i ton, i pec ed f se nu, val t d tr y, ot t r ont m na i and ns t or w hol s e s al i edi nts tt i a e a o d i ac or nc w ih t Fo Se v c e om nes ; l ngr e ubs iutons r ppr ve n c da e t he od r i e M a .( a Af. !4- 2. nual W de f ! 1 ) Pl i if s c a m t tt m e i i qua e t hi ne l cksm e i,bot a m a t rof a ntf ' l i ha he nu s nade t o s eds a r t h s te 1w a i lghtoft r l va f c si t sca e. 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' e f s n cc pt e rci pe ogial es e o t r a st i ae dicplneori tt i s c iy.W a ave st ti a e de toye bewe h e t o nm t s i i nsiutonal e urt de r ha nm t s sr d t en 5 a 1 f ta awe k,c tngRe Oni $3. pe ta W adeAf.a ! 1 ) I i 0 nd 00 ood rys e osi d on 00 r r y.( f t 5. t s c ra nl r as bl t s l i eswho i e i naly de toy t rta wih ta madeof e ti y e ona e o e' mnat ve nt nto l sr hei r ys t r ys mo ersle t b rp ae r o c a e Sy o o m.F rhemo e j g e , lsi p e e fo r e iin nlbe ltwa e r he p r tr f a u t r r ,a g d p atc ic s r m br ke t a a e a c e rt ea t i tt i ls c i' be a e ofi a es pr pe iy t m a o n r ys r l a hr t o ns iutona e urt c us y nm t ' o ns t o ke s nksfom s r o pl tc.Furhe m o e, antf r eved ar ti t d f di s he e ha r ha ds f asi t r r pli if ec i esrc e ee ng c dul s ty a t rhe r c ved t ee s pa a e d s plna y vi a i nsf t e t ni t s a a hor l fe e ei hr e r t i ci i r ol t o or hr a e ng o t b co r ona ofie wih a pi eofsee t the ca medwass crt d i hi ce la r f i t redi l fc r t ee t l ha li e e e n s l nd e usng o rt r hsta a dc pt VDOC p ro n l fe b igdr dl o d rdt d s ( yAf. ! 1 eu n i ry n u o e s n e a tr en ie y r ee o o o. Ra f ! 4 1 ) Gi nt s cic tnce ,pl ntf splc ntonr srde f di wiht DitLoaf 6. ve he e rumsa s ai if a eme eti d ee ng t he e w asr onabl and r i l r at t l tm at penol cali eres s. eas e atonaly el ed o egii e ogi nt t A1 V D OC f ltesf l t M as erM enu and adher t t portonsi cat on t 1 aciii olow he t e o he i ndi ed he me u.( he rAf. 4. Th pln n a dp e a ain o alme l tk sit c n ieainf o n S a f ! ) e a nig n rp rto f l as a e n o o sd rto o d ta , e ur ,t m pe a ur a l vor t xt e e r t e, ppea a ,a pal t biiy,a t s m e f s r d t of e r r nce nd a a lt nd he a ood e ve o f nde s i as s r dt saf.(d. Pori aesr edi t equantte asi caedont M ase s lo eve o t f l ) tons r e v n hos iis ndi t he tr M e (d Pori c r i us di me plnni pr paai a s r c i o de t prve nu. L=) ton ontol s e n al n ng, e rton, nd evie n r r o e nt e esi plt wasea lfovesa i e oce f bohsaf a ofe r.(d The xc sve ae t nd e t r nd s nf r d or t t f nd fndes L=) VDOC me a ea l d a c rii t me ore e t Rec nus r nayze nd e tfed o et xce d he omm e nded Di tr ea y Alowa esasde i d by t Foodand Nutii Boa d oft Natona Aca my ofSce e . l nc fne he rton r he i l de inc s td !6. Thea a daiycaorec mtf t e me sfo t M atrM e a r es2700t L. ) . a verge l l i ot or hre al r m he se nu veag o 28 caores (d. 00 l i . I ) Pl ntf ge r l cl m s t tt m e pl ns de i d by D e e ntShea a ai i f ne aly ai ha he nu a s gne f nda r nd i plm e e by t VDOC t ovi f onl t mi mum dal nutii ne ofs de a y m e nt d he s pr de or y he ni iy rtonal eds e nt r t o l mo eaeya tv p ro (iji c lrec u ta di vi mi a d mi rl. ( mpl o ny d rtl ci e e s n sc n ao i o n n n t ns n neas' Co . a ' 2. Notbl pli iff ist algeo pr fra fc t s ) a y, antf al o le r ofe ny a t o uppor hi ale tont tt f d t s lgai ha he oo pr desi de t nutii ovi na quae rton.See e. ,Ve yv.W yc 293F. 726,730( h Ci.200 , g. ne he, 3d 4t r 2) (e gni ngt tc t a enotr quiedt a ce a tuealgai t ta emeeyc us y, rco zi ha ours r e r o c pt s r le tons ha r rl oncl or unwa r ed de tonsoff t unr s bl i e e e ,oral ga i t tcon r ditm at r rant duc i ac , ea ona e nf r nc s le tons ha ta c te s p o e l s b e tt j dca n tc o b e hii. P an ifcamst tteme ui mi mal r p ry u j c o u iil oie r y x bt' litf li ha h n s ni ly ). ade ua ef t i ae populton, tt i i wholy i de t Furher e, antf saes q t or he nm t a i no hat t s l na qua e. t mor pl i if t t t tt dal c l realo m e ti m i ma l i ufii n f hi bec us hee r iessx tm es ha he iy a o i l t n s ni ly ns fc e t or m a e xe cs i i pe we k.Howe r pl ntf se r es hed ei hi snglr e ve , ai if xe ds c ul n s i e bunk ce li i am a mtm l nsde xi l s urt f c tt i w ihi hi pow e t c nt ol Pl i i fr c ni es1 m e 'a qua y f ec iy a iiy s t n s r o o r . a ntf e og z he nus de c or pe e who exe ci e l s ofe opl r s e s t n.Pl ntf c n sm pl c ng hi e r i e r gi e t pe m i t ai i f a i y ha e s xe c s e m n o r t he menust pr det ne s a y lvelofs t na e.SeeOwe v. nse 635 F. 950,955 o ovi he ce s r e use nc ns Hi l y, 3d (t Ci. 1 ( di t tapli ifsvol ayde sont no e doesnotsaea Ei t 7h r 201 ) hol ng ha antf' untr cii o t at tt n ghh Ame me cai .Ac or ngl pl ntf fist etbls t tt f s r iec tt es nd nt l m) c di y, ai if al o sa ih ha he ood e vc onsiut c ue and unus lpuni hm e . r l ua s nt 11. 1 Fort f e ng r as ,t de e nt a e e il d t qua ii i m uniy. See Sa i r he or goi e ons he f nda s r ntte o lfed m t uc e v.Kaz,53 U. 1 ( )(ttngdee nt aee ildt quaii i t 3 S. 94 2001 sai fnda s r ntte o lfed mmuniy iplitf t f anif f ist esa ih ac tttona deprvai .Ac or ngl Ide plitf smoi f rc a al o tbls onsiui l i ton) c di y, ny anif tons or e us l ands nci a grntt dee nt'motonf s a tons nd a he fnda s i or ummayj me . r udg nt The Cl r i di e t d t s nd c e oft s M em or ndum O pi on a t a om pa ng e k s r c e o e opi s hi a ni nd he cc nyi Or rt pl i if a c de o a ntf nd ouns lofr or f t def nda s e ec d or he e nt . E E Ti NT R:hs l dyo Spe e,0 1 a f etmbr2 1. Se o U nied St t l t i tJ n r t a es sr c udge
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