Agape Motorcoach Retreat, LLC et al v. Brintle et al, No. 7:2010cv00369 - Document 74 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 5/16/12. (med)
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A E < oF I U. A - couv RI' FcE s c S A R A ox ,A T o N iv FI LED I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT MA 1? 2 1 ï 22 FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRICT O F VIRG I NIA JUL . UD W R oanoke D i si vi on p A G A PE M O TO RC O A C H R ETREA T ,LLC, STEPH EN A GR E G SO N ,TRU STEE A ND D EBRA E.G RE G SO N ,TRU STEE : CLERK . C i lA c i N o.7: - V 00 vi ton 10 C 369 Pl ntif ai f s, M EM OR ANDUM OPI ON NI G LEN DA R . I BR NTL E,TH O M AS ALLEN BRI NTLE,K AREN B.CARTER TRUSTEES O F TH E TH O M A S V B RI TLE 2006 N R EVO CA BLE TRU ST, and D AV I V EL A nR EG I N A L DI ECTO R D O R FO R TH E N AT I N A L PA R K SER V I E, O C U NI TED STA TES O F A M ER I A , C and TIM O TH Y BR ITT B O LEN By:H on.Jam e C .Tur s k Se or Unied St e D it i tJudge ni t at s s r c D ef endant s. 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A tt A prl4 hea i c dul o a ua y 2, s on i d o i 201 he i rng t Cour r ues e s e e a brefng,whi h t pa te ha now c pl t d. A lo pe ng he t eq t d uppl m nt l i i c he ri s ve om e e s ndi be or t Cour i Aga smoton t e l c i r ton ofma e i l,t tmony, e de e f e he ts pe' i o xcude onsde a i t ras esi or vi nc no f t ound i t r or whih i l n he ec d, c ncudesar q tf ra t ne sf es a t Gove nme ' e ues o tor y' e , nd he r nts r s ns t r t The em atr ar now rpef rdiposton.l ac or nc wiht f l ng e po e he e o. s te s e i o s ii n c da e t he olowi Me rn u Opiin,h Go e n n ' moinf rs mmayj d me t sGRANTED,h mo a d m no t e v r me ts to o u r u g n i te Brnl a dBoe Dee a t ' to frs mmayj d me t sGRANTED, n Ag p ' ite n ln fnd n s mo in o u r u g n i a d a es moinsf rs mmayj dg n aeDENI Ad i o l , a e smo int e cu ei to o u r u me t r ED. dt nal Ag p ' to o x ld s i y DEN I . ED 1 . Bac ound kgr The di put be or t Cour c nc r Aga sa l ge ea e en s ove l nd owne by s e f e he t o e ns pe' le d s m t ra d t Br n l a Bol D ef nda s asw e la a a l d e s m e ove f r l owne l nd t he i te nd en e nt , l s n lege a e nt r ede aly da o ac es t t Bl Ri Par c s o he ue dge kway.Aga hass d t Brntea Boln Def nda sa t pe ue he i l nd e e nt nd he Govemne puruan t t QuitTil Ac, U. C.j2409a a hasas t sCour io r nt s t o he e te t 28 S. , nd ked hi tt t deca et rght oft Pli tfsa t qui tttet lndsi whi h t Unied St t of lr he i s he a n if nd o e il o a n c he t aes Am e i a c a m s a i e es ;a upon e t bls e t r ,t ha t tte a r ga ds t s i rc l i n nt r t nd s a i bm nt he eof o ve he il s e r o a d e sme tq itdi t e a dc ne o a e u l e j i igalDe e d n sfo itre igwih a e n uee n h m n o tmp rn o sy no nn l fn a t r m nef rn t t Plitfs c i usuni er e e j nti t s me'( . 21 a 12) The he anif' ontnuo ntruptd noyme n he a . Dkt No. , t - . ' owne s p oft l nd a i s a t c e ton oft a l ge ea e e sand rghtofa ce s t t r hi he a t s ue nd he r a i he le d s m nt i c s o he Bl Ri Pa kw a ha c pl x hi t i ,w hi h a e des r be be ow . ue dge r y ve om e sores c r ci d l 2 A . T he A gape Parc l t B r nte Parc l t Bol n Pa e ,and t Bl R i e , he i l e , he e rc l he ue dge Parkway A ga i t ow ne ofa pa c ofl nd,a oxi a e y 20. ac es i Ca r lCount pe s he r r el a ppr m t l 24 r , n r ol y, Vigna(Ag p Pac 1)1Th Ag pePac l o sn t donteBleR- g Pak y b t r ii é a e re' . e a re d e o a j i h u i e r wa , u t ' d r t ri s pa a e fom i by lnd owne by t Go nm e , f nd tBrnte,a Def nt ahe s e r t d r t a d he ver nt De e an i l nd enda Boln.De e ntBrnteownst par e soflnd l cae t t ea ta s hea toft e f nda i l wo c l a o td o he s nd out s he Ag pePa c l(1 rntePace')2 Def ntBolnownsapace oflndt ti die tys hof a r e 1 i l r 1'. enda B e r l a ha s rcl out teAg p Pac l ; o e Pac l)3 Th BleRig P r wa , wn db t Go r me tr n h a e r e (t 1n r e' . e u d e ak y o e y he ven n , u s B ' t t s ut oft Brnte and Bol n Pa c s o he o h he i l e r el . B . Creaton oft B ol and B ri l Eas ent i he en nt e em s The A g Pa ce ,t Brnte Pa c ,a t Bol n Pa ce w e e o i naly pa tofa l r r ape r l he i l r el nd he e r l r r gi l r a ge ta toflndowne byM ac a M yrl Boln(s i na Trc TheOrgi Trc was rc a d rus nd te e t gi l a f). or i nal a t di de on Aprl4,1 0, n t now Bol n Pa ce wa dee d t t Bol n' pr de es or i vi d i 95 whe he e r l s de o he e s e c s s n tte, nd t r i r i udi wha i no t Brntea Aga Pa ce swe edee d t t il a he ema nde ,ncl ng t s w he i l nd pe r l r de o he Brnte and A ga pr dec s o si tte r s c i l Ea o t t o de s itng t i l pe e e s r n il , e pe tve y. ch f he w eds plti he OrgnalTrc me i d a e e ntacos t no BolnPac (t e Eas me l4 On ii a t ntone n asme r s he w e rel l n e nf'. Bol A prl4,1 72, i l and A ga spr de es or i tte c e t d a ea e ental t w e te i 9 Brnte pe' e c s s n il r a e n s m ong he s dge o t n w Brn l Pac l t iteEa e n )ta we tfo teno Ag p Pac l ot e f he o ite r e (t nl sme f' h t n r m h w a e re t h Br norhe sene oft BolnEasment ( . .3 11 32- 2,32- 6,32- .Thes t atr nd he e e . DktNos 2- , 1 1 20) e lThi pace i m ad up oft s ale parel, i ntfe a Ta I 1 A- 4 a l - - Aga M otr ac s r ls e wo m lr c s de iid s x D 28- 7 nd 28A 40. pe o co h Rer t LLC a r dttet bot s alrpa c sonJ l 2005. OnAprll 2007,AgapeM oor ch tea, cquie il o h m le r el une 9, i 8, t coa Retea,LLC c yed o oft s alrpa c s Ta I 1 - - t t StphenJ. e on a De aE. r t onve ne he m le r el, x D 28A 40,o he e Gr gs nd br Gr gs n, usee . W he Aga M oor e o Tr t s n pe t coac ReratLLC de dedTa I 1 A- t t Tl t si d ded h te , e x D 28- 40 o he usee t ee rg t i t Boe a dBrnl Ea e ns dsu sdb lw.Th Ag p P re in tln lc e a ia j isa ihsn he ln n ite sme t, ic se eo e a e ac ls o a d o k d s t don Vigi a sa e r r ni t t oad. 2Ta I 1 A - 1 1 A - a 1 A - Tax I 1 A- l r pr s nt t pori ofl t ti t cl m e x D 28- 7 , 28- 72, nd 28- 73. D 28- 7 e e e s he ton and ha s he ai d BrnteEas t dicused i mor deaibel i l emen , s s n e t l ow. 3Ta I 1 - - . x D 28 A 70 4Th de t Da dG . Bol sae Er r i howev h eb r er d t ou t a e ed o vi en ttd d hee s er er y es ve hr gh he bove lndarghtofwa fom a i yr cranln ligb hndtesmet tep bi ra .Sadra i t b ao gtePak yrg t fwa . ( tNo eti a d yn e i h a o h u l o d i o d s o e ln h r wa ih o y' Dk. . c ' 3 -) 26 . e eme sf m acon i as nt or tnuouspah c t onne tng t Aga Pa c t l nd owne by t c i he pe r el o a d he G ove n e , w hi h t Bl Ri Pa kw a i c t uc ed. r m nt on c he ue dge r y s ons r t C . C r aton oft Bl R i Par a a R i ofA c es The t e i he ue dge kw y nd ght c s re o l 1 n 933, tt r c m enda i n ofV igi a Se t Ha r By d,Sr , . Sec e a y of a he e om to r ni na or r y r . U S. r t r t I e i ,H a ol l ke ,a ove c tuc i ofa ne hi hw a c he nt ror r d c s ppr d onsr ton w g y onnec i t G r a Sm o tng he e t ky M oun ansN ai na Pa k wih t She ndoa Nai Par H . ti to l r t he na h tonal k. Con. . Res 294,111h Cong. t , 2ndSe s ( pt22,201 (omme rtngt 75ha ves r oft Bl Ri Pakwaya s. Se . 0) c moai he t nni ray he ue dge r nd de ci ngisce ton) shi s rbi t rai .Thi ghwaybe a knowna t Bl Ri Par c me s he ue dge kway. Subs ue ty,i 1936,Cong es a hor z d t Se r a y t o a ove a a ce , be fof eq n l n r s ut i e he c et r t ppr t nd c pt on hal t Unie St t , il t a lndsa i e e t i lnd he e of eorhe ea t rc he t d aes tte o ny a nd nt r ss n a r t or r fe onve t t yed o he Unie Sae 't ceaet ne hi y. 1 U. C.jj460a 1 a2.TheSe r aywa as td tts'o r t he w ghwa 6 S. -, cetr s lo a horz d t o a quie,bypur has orexc nge l a i e essi lnd con i uoust t ut i e ç c r t c e ha , and nd nt r t n a tg o he pak y 't E dus o e s i l e , n t ei n t h z r o sco sng o a da c se t r wa s'o s j t wn rh p i s a d o l ae a ad u r si s f n c e ss o a n mi t epakwa . 1 U. C.j460a5. hes r ys' 6 S. ' OnOcobe 6,1 t Stt HihwayCommisone ofVigi a(t-ghwa t r 937,he ae g si r r ni Eli y l Co s i r'notfedMa c a M yrl Bolnt tt Commonwe lhofVigi ai e d, mmisone' ii ) r us nd te e ha he at r ni ntnde outofne esiy,t a quiet pa c soft i l nd i f esmpl f t c t u ton ofa c st o c r wo r el her a n e i e or he onsr c i s c i oft Bl Ri Pa kway.The t o pa c sco prs d a oxi a e y 25. 7 a e . e ton he ue dge r w r el m i e ppr m t l 1 cr s ( . 37- .Thenoies ciialysae t tt lndwa benga quie DktNo. 2) tc pe fc l ttd ha he a s i c rd: Toge he w ih al r g a i e e toft s i M . . e M yrl t r t l i ht nd nt r s he a d M Bol n, te F. e orot s t i he r ora s g ,t buid,c t uc , Bol n her , he r i s s i ns o l ons r t m a nt i o us a pr va e drve orr d on o overt above i a n r e ny i t i oa r he decrbe ta t o pares( re No.1a Pac No. ,o ohe s i d rcs r c l Pac l nd rel 2) r t r par ay l ,w ihoutt cons and appr kw ands t he ent ovaloft St e he at Hi hw a Co m i s one o V igi a orhi as i . g y m s i r f r ni s s gns (d.. l) OnJ nua y 1 1 a r 3, 938,t Hi hwa Commisone fld ape ii wih t Ca r lCount he g y s i r ie tton t he rol y Cic tCo t o c r ui ur t onde n t t pa c l be us t H i w ay Com m i sonerha f ie t m he wo r e s ca e he gh si d a ld o r c a a ee ntwihM ac a M yrl BolnC t wha woul beaj tc nstonf ea h n gr me t rus nd te e d o t d as us ompe ai or t i i ee ti t l '( t No.37- a 3) a i or dM ac a Myrl Bolnoft her ntrs n he and,'Dk . 4, t , nd nf me rus nd te e he Co n at sitn int j iil c n e t elnd ( tNo 3 - ) l hsp tt n mmo we l n e to o udcal o d mn h a ,Dk . . 7 3 . n i eio h' y i bef et Carol Count Cic tCour,t Hi or he r l y r ui t he ghwa Commisone sae t t pa ceswe e y s i r t td he wo r l r nec s a y f t i e s r or he d t uc i r c t uc i a t r to m a nt na ,a r pa rofa pori n of consr ton, e ons r ton, le a i n, i e nce nd e i to r adembrc i t Bl Ri Pakway.'DktNo. 4,a 3 .TheHi yCommisone o a ed n he ue dge r '( . 37- t ) ghwa si r f t sae tll tt pr t a rg si e dt betke byt epr ee ngsi t fe urher ttd ttha he opery nd iht ntnde o a n hes oc di s he e sm pl tte t t s rps o pa c soft de e nt he e na i e il o he t i r r el he f nda s r i bove des r be t get w i h aI c i d, o- her t I t r ri t access roads,w aysor dri overthe above de- cri t s or parcel of hei ght o ves s bed ract s l wihou t cons a a ova oft Stt HihwayCommisone o isa sg . ( t and, t t he ent nd ppr l he ae g si r r t sins' Dk . ' No.374,a 2- (mphassadde . - t 3) e i d) The Ca r lCount Ci c tCour t n a nt d fve co m i s one st va ue t l nd. r ol y r ui t he ppoi e i m s i r o l he a ( tNo 3 - ) I i tu tdt ec mmiso est i s e ti wha wil ej s c mp n ainf r Dk . . 7 5 . t nsr ce h o s in r o ç c ran t l b u t o e sto o a s i ln s a da r d ma e ,fa y a ma r s lt a j c n o ohe p o e t o teo e ad a d , n wad a g s i n , s y e ut o da e t r t r r p ry f h wn r t r f ort t pr ry ofa ot rpe s be he eo , o he ope t ny he r on, yond t pec i be ft t wila c u t he ular ne is hat l c r e o s h pr pe tes r pe tvel f om t c t u ton, ec t uc i n,a t r ton,be utf c to uc o r i , es c i y r he ons r c i r onsr t o le a i a ii a i n, s e c ea em e ,m a nt na e and r pa roft r ad t be buitu c ni s nt i e nc e i he o o l pon s i l , des r be i a d ands as c i d n t s i peii ' (d..Thea ntdc he ad tton.' l ) ppoi e ommisoness tedt i fndi t t Car l si r ubmit her i ngs o he rol Co y Ci c tCou ton Febr r 11 1 unt r ui r ua y , 938. The c m i s o r 'r por s a e t tt hey w e om s i ne s e t t t d ha é t nt upona viwedt lndsde ci i t peii heeof efldi t sc e. ( .37- a nd e he a s rbed n he tton rt or ie n hi as ' Dkt 6, t ' 1 .The dee ne t t$1260. woul d aj tc ns tonf t fesmpl ttet t ) y tnni d ha , 00 d t us ompe ai or he e i e il o he be s d lndsde c i i t pe ii fld i s i c s 'a $1 wo d be a a opra ea r ai a s rbed n he tton ie n a d a e' nd 40 ul n ppr it wa d So ted ma ed n t t a j c n p o e t o t eo e ..'(d) t r h a g o e o he da e t r p ry f h wn r.. I .. f ' M a c a M yrl Bol n, hr r us nd te e t ough t i a t ne fl d e p i nst t co m i s one s he r tor y, ie xce t o o he m s i r ' fndi ,c a m i t tbo h t c pe a i f rt t o pa c l a t com pe a i f rt i ngs l i ng ha t he om ns ton o he w r e s nd he ns ton o he da ewas( ai,i quaea unras bl. ( . 37- a 2) Thei e e i di mag t r nade t nd e ona e' DktNo. 7, t . unf ' r xc ptons d no , ver cai a e e ntovert t pac l t bec mned.(4) t howe , l m ny asme he wo res o onde L. l r s o s t M ac a My t Boe so j cin ,h Car l u t Cic i Co r n e p n e o rus nd rl ln' b e to s t e rolCo ny rut u t e a ntd fvene c ppoi e i w omm isone s s i r .Thene c w omm iso r de e mi d t t$1750. woul s i ne s t r ne ha , 00 d S eaj t o e ainf rtefesmp et l t tes i lnd d s rb di t ep tto fldi t us c mp nsto o h e i l i e o h ad a s e ci e n h eiin ie n b t s i c s'a d$ 7 wo l bea a p o raea r do t dn g d n t t ea j c n ad a e' n 5 5 u d n p r p it wad i r he ma e o e o h da e t f pr pet oft owne ..'( . 37- a 1 .Thesc commisoner di no n ndor o ry he r.. DktNo. 9, t ) ' e ond si s d t me ale i a way t l nd t be c t r n ny he a o onde ned a d c i d i t pe ii m s es r be n he tton.M a c a M yrl Bo e r us nd te l n di notfl a y e e i t t s c c d ie n xc ptons o he e ond omm isone ' r por, nd a t a oxi ael 30 da s i r s e t a fer ppr m t y ys J udge D r pe oft Ca r lCount Cic tCour e e e a or rr tf ng t ne a r he r ol y r ui t nt r d n de a iyi he w c ommisone ' r por.( . 37- 0,a 1. si rs e t DktNo. 1 t ) The Com m o e 1h ofV igi a c ve d t t U nie St t ofA m e i ,by ge r l nw a t r ni on ye o he t d a es rca ne a wa r nt de daed M ay 1 1 ra y ed t 8, 938,t Boln' c he e s onde d lnd,al wih ot rpa c so mne a ong t he r el f lndf t c tuci oft Bl Ri ePakwa ( . 37- 1 .Alho ht sde d a or he onsr ton he ue dg r y. DktNo. 1 ) t ug hi e e i il r s r d s ve a ea em e sf prva e r dst a a os t B l Ri Pa kwa t xplc ty e e ve e r l s nt or i t oa o nd cr s he ue dge r y, he de ddi notrs r Aga salege e e ntt t Bl Ri Pakwa (d.. e d e eve pe' l d asme o he ue dge r y. 1 ) D . The A leged Easem entor Ri ofA ccesst t Bl R i Parkw ay l ght o he ue dge The Ca r lCo y Cic tCour or r r tf ng t s co c m i s one s'r por,i a r ol unt r ui t de , a iyi he e nd om s i r e t s t e page doc l e ,s gne on is c rpa by J hr e lm nt i d t ove ge udge Dr pe , tnoto e t roft ot a r bu n ihe he her t pag wheet s tnceoft or ri deal ( . 37- 0) Ont frt wo es r he ubsa he de s tied. DktNo. 1 . he is 6 s t n i pa oft or ri s :iheCour dot a ove, aiy a a fnn t s d r pol i ubsa tve ge he de t ays i t t h ppr r tf nd fi he ai e ' n t al e p csa d t s a j dg a do d r a dd t c n im u t teCo n at o lrs e t nd oh o du e n r e, n oh o fr n o h mmo we 1 f h V igi a a pr vi d by s a ut f e ofa 1le a e u b a es t f e s m pl tte t a lt t r ni , s o de t t e, ' e l i ns nd nc m r nc , he e i e il o l ha r pr rybeongi t M grus a M y teBoln, swie anddes i dasf l .. (d. t ope t l ng o ac l nd rl e hi f, crbe olows..' I a ' 1 .Thes o pa oft or r ec ngt lng geoft peii sae ) ec nd ge he de , hoi he a ua he tton, tts: Togehe wihalrg a i eetoft s dM lrus Boln,a t r t 1 iht nd ntrs he ai ac l e nd M yrl F.Bol o o he s t i heisora sghs t buid,c t c , te en r t r , her r s i , o l onsnz t m a n a n orus a prva e drve orr d on orove t a iti e ny i t i oa r he bove de ci ta t o parel ( rel 1a Pac No.2) orot r s rbed rcs r c s Pac No. nd rel , he Pa kwa l nds w ihoutt a ova a c e oft St t r y a t he ppr l nd ons nt he a e H i hw ay Com m i s o ofV i g ni orhi as i . g s i ner ri a s sgns (d.a 2 .Howe r t a paa a i l saha it a tonf l ngt wor l ,t ) ve, he bove rgrph ncude ndm ten ddii olowi he ds t r wa ln s'wh c sae :dxc p o e()a c s r a wa tn( 0 fe wiewi t ( ) k k y a d , ih tts t e t n 1 c e s o d y e 1 ) e t d t wo 2 pa ' e h f s de sont sdea o nea sai 358. (d..Theha it a ton i a nymous oot houl r he i t r r tton ' l ) ' ndwrten ddii s no a undae (d.. nd td. l ) The Carol Count Cic tCour ' or rw a t n e e e i o t Chanc y Or rBook r l y r ui ts de s he nt r d nt he er de a al o i o t D e Book. The r or d Cha e y O r rc ai t s m e ha nd s nt he ed ec de nc r de ont ns he a ndm i t n te a ton, c i aloundaedandu ined.( . 1.Si lzy,t De d Bookas ddii whih s s t nsg Dkt43- ) mial he e lo c ai t ha itna ton,a i undae a unsg d.( . 432) Theet e ont ns he ndwrte ddii gan td nd ine DktNo. - . s hre doc e sa e t o y doc e s de c i ng A ga s a l d e e e t a es t Bl um nt r he nl um nt s rbi pe' lege as m nt o cc s he ue Ri Pa kw a The e s m e i notr f r nce i a o he dee i A ga s c n oftte a dge r y. a e nt s e e e d n ny t r d n pe' hai il nd no ,a sa e a r s t t d bove w as i i l d i t de d f om t Co m onw e lh t t U nie St t of , t nc ude n he e r he m a t o he t d a es Am e i a. rc E. Ti elne ofEvents m i Fi l by w a ofs m ar t Cour pr de a c onol y oft r e nte nt . naly, y um y, he t ovi s hr og he el va ve s J nua y 1 1 a r 3, 938 Commonwe 1h tl pe ii f c at ies tton or ondemna i ofBoln lnd. ton e a Febr y 11,1938 uar Fis c rt ommi sone s r por s ti c s i r ' e t elng ompens to a $1 tl a i n t 400 ied. M ac 1 1 r h 8, 938 Commonwe lh or e spa at d r ymen of$1 t Carol Count Cicui t 400 o r l y r t Cour . t A prl30,1 i 938 Sec c m i sone s r por fl d i r asng com pe a i t ond om s i r ' e t ie nc e i ns ton o $23 25. M ay 10,1938 Commonwe t or r pa e of$925 t Carol Count Cic t alh de s ym nt o r l y r ui Cour,t a oun f i r as d co pe a i t o cc t or nc e e m ns ton. Ma 1 1 y 8, 938 Gene a w a r nt de d f om t Com m onw e t t t U nied r l r a y e r he alh o he t St t c a es onvey ng t Bol n l nd,wihoutany e e e , afe i he e a t as m nt dr t d. M ay 26,1938 Cl r f t Ca r lCoun y Cic tCour de ied f nds pa d by e k or he r ol t r ui t pos t u i t Com m onwea t i o Bol ns bar a ounta t Ca r l he lh nt e ' l cc k t he r ol Count Bank. y Undae td Or rofJ de udgeDr pe r tf ng t co mi soner 'r po ta a r a iyi he m s i s e r nd a l ge y addi t i e lne ton r er ng a ea e e t t le dl ng he nt r i a i es vi n s m nt o he B l Ri Pa kw a ue dge r y. J y 2,1 ul 938 J udgeDr pe ' o de i entr d i t t Cha er Or rBook, a rs r r s e e n o he nc y de w ih t i eri i t he nt lneaton. J y 1 1938 ul 3, J udgeDr pe ' o d ri en e e i t t Dee Book,wih t a rs r e s t r d n o he d t he i t ri a i n e lne ton. se t m ber9, 1 pe 9385 Unie St t 'ge r war n y de r c ded i t Dee Boo t d aes ne al ra t ed e or n he d k, w ihoutany eas ent t em . U se oft Easem entt t Bl R i Parkw ay6 he o he ue dge Som e i e be w ee 1 a 1 tm t n 950 nd 967,one oft Bol n pr de es or i tte,M a y W . he e e c s s n il r Bol n, ons r t d a prva e drve a f om he l nd t t Bl Ri Pa kw a ac os l nd e c t uc e i t i w y r r a o he ue dge r y r s a owne by t Unie St t . Thi pr va e dr ve d he t d a es s i t i way o u est s m e l nd ast a l ge cc pi he a a he le d 5TheGovenm e saest sde w a r co de onJ l 138 ( tNo 3 , t5.Ho v r tecriiaeo r nt tt hi ed s e r d une , 9 . Dk. . 7 a ) we e,h etf t f c ten tr pu l idctsten tr ' sa wa afx dJ n 1 ,1 3 .( tNo 3 - 1.Th d e as sae i h oay bi n iae h oays e l s fie u e 6 9 8 Dk . . 7 1 ) e e d lo ttst c wa r c ie i t eCar l Co nt Cic i Co r Clr sOfieo S p e r9 l 3 . Dk . 6 ) Th s s e ev d n h ro l u y r u t u t ek' f n e t mbe , 9 8 ( t No. 9 . e e c dic e nci a e i m a era t t Cour ' de son. s r pa es r m t i l o he ts cii 6Neihe t Gove nmentnorAgapeha ague t tt y a r dttet t algedea ementt ac s t Bl t r he r s r d ha he cquie il o he le s o ce s he ue Ri Pa kwa t ough adve s pos es on. Thus t Cour t ke no poston on t mert oft sa gu e . dge r y hr r e s si , he ta s ii he is hi r m nt 8 e s me .Be nni i 1 t Nai Pa kSe vce(I 'grntdM a' W .Bolna a e nt gi ng n 967,he tonal r r i t NPS' a e l ) y e s ilus per t(û )f t sprvaedrve y. Thi SUPwa e e dt oughM a 31 peca e mi t SUP' or hi i t i wa ; s s xtnde hr y , 1 983.( . 37- 4) DktNo. 1 .Addiinal t r i e de et tt Gove n tr uie SUPS to ly,he e s vi nc ha he r men eq rd f om s r lo he i vi s i t A ga a Bol n c i oftte,i l ng Rus el M .Yor r eve a t r ndi dual n he pe nd e ha ns il nc udi s l k (une 1 1 -M a 31 1 3) a Thoma Y. i l ( y 31,1983-a oxi t yJ 26, J , 973 y , 98 , nd s Brnte Ma ppr mael une 1 ) Se ( . 37,a 7- 0) 996 . e DktNo. t 1 . St andard ofR evi w e I1. S mmayj d me ti p o e wh r lh r i n g n ieis ea t a ymae il a ta d u r u g n s r p r ee ç ee s o e un su s o n tra fc n t t emo n p ryi e tte t j d me t samatr lw. F d. Ci. 5 () A g n ie h vig a t s n i d o u g n a l te of a ' e R. v P. 6 c. e un ' i s ofm a e i lf te s s whe a r tona f t i r c i rng t e denc i t s l m a y s ue t r a ac xi t n a i l ac fnde , onsde i he vi e n he tm r j d me t e o d c u dfn i f v ro t n nmo igpat.Ric v. s ea o 1 9S. . u g n r c r , o l id n a o f he o - vn ry c i De tfn , 2 Ct 26 8 2 7 ( 0 9 .I c nsd rn amo infrs mmayj dg n ,û ec u tsr q rdt 5 , 6 7 2 0 ) n o ie ig to o u r u me tûh o r i e uie o t viw t f c sa d a r a ona ei e e e i alg mos f vor bl t t nonmovi pa t ' e he a t nd r w e s bl nf r nc s n iht t a a e o he ng ry.' Sha v.Stoud,1 F. 791 7 ( hCi.1 4) w r 3 3d , 98 4t r 99 .Thus s , ummayj r udgme s dbee ee i nt houl ntrd f t eCo r fn s a tras r p lusrv e o terc r ,h t or a o bej r c u dr tl a h u t id , fe cu u o e iw f h e o d t a n e s na l u y o l eu' n ve di tf t no m ovi pa t Se Eva v. chs Applc tons & Se v.Co. 80 F. 954, r c or he nng r y. e ns Te . ia i r , 3d 958(t Ci.19 . 4h r 96) 11 1. Anal s ysi Aga a l gest ti i l galy e il d t e e ent a r st Brnte a Bol n Pa c l pe le ha t s e l ntte o as m s c os he i l nd e r e s a a e s m e gi ng i ac es t t Bl Ri Pa kway. The e ea e en s i c bi to nd n a e nt vi t c s o he ue dge r s s m t n om na i n w o d m a i pos i e f ve c e t e tt Bl Ri ge Pa kw a a drve t A g pe' ul ke t s bl or hi l s o xi he ue d r y nd i o a s pr opert A 1 D ef y. l endant r ut t exi t s ef e he sence oft eas ent acr t rr pectve t sof he em s oss hei es i ract ?The SUP pr dest ti wasgr nt d be us ç hepe mit s l wasde i ofac s t SR C- a tr ovi ha t a e ca e ç t r tee' and prved ce s o 778 fe Par y Sec i n l V rghtofway w a ac r a t pu i r d wa r oca e t f lt e c os i oft kwa to - i - s quied nd he blc oa s el t d o aciiat r s ng he P rwa moo r d' ( tNo. 7-3 . ak y tr oa . Dk . 3 1 ) ' lnd. TheCour add e s t e se e o t e e nta c sngt Bl Ri ePa kwa frt a t r s es he xit nc f he as me c es i he ue dg r y is bec us ise s e e c n be r s ve t r ugh sa ut y co t u i n.t a e t xi t nc a e ol d h o t t or nsr cto . . '' ' ' I A ga doesnotha a e s m e a c s ng t Bl Ri e Pa kw a t Brnte f pe ve n a e nt c es i he ue dg r y he i l a BolnEasme saeas e i s d.At sonv. e or Asocs, S. 2d 5 ( nd e e nt r lo xtnguihe kis W xf d s .493 E. 24 Va. 1 97)( di t taprpe t owne cli nga e e n ofi es ore es mus s t 9 hol ng ha o ry r ami n asme t ngr s gr s t how he a lt t c os eve y i e v ng pr pe t ne s a y t r c t uli a e de tna i f rt biiy o r s r nt r eni o ry ce s r o ea h he tm t s i ton o he he e ea e ntt e s)8 Ha i revi s me o xit. v ng ewedt r cord, t Cour fndst tAga doe notha a he ti ha pe s ve n e s m e t t Bl Ri Par w a a t t Brnte a Bol n e s m e s a e a s a e nt o he ue dge k y nd hus he i l nd e a e nt r l o ex i s d. tngui he A . A gape CannotProve E nttl entt an Eas entor Ri ofA ceesst t Bl i em o em ght o he ue Ri Parkw ay dge Aga be r t bur n ofesabls ng a e il m e t t ea e e t ac es t Bl pe a s he de t i hi n ntte nt o he s m nt o c s he ue Ri Pakwa M ulor v. anutHilFar Gr sLLC,71 S. 2d468 47 77( 2011. dge r y. f d W l l m p. 2 E. , 6- Va. ) Thus u e sAga c n comef wa d wih mor t n ame e s ntlaofe de ei c tngt , nls pe a or r t e ha r ci il vi nc ndia i he e se eoft pum oredea e nt t Govenme i e tte t s xitnc he t s me ,he r nt s nild o ummmyj me .The udg nt deemi tveis si t sc s a e( )whe ttevetdi t Co tr nai sue n hi a e r 1 n il se n he mmonwe t and( how t alh 2) he s opeoft ttet tve t i dee m i d - on t bassoft pe ii oron t ba i oft c he il ha sed s tr ne he i he tton he ss he o d re tr db teCar l Co n yCic i Co r j d ea t ec mplto o tec n e ain r e ne e y h rol u t rut u tu g t h o ei n f h o d mn to pr e di oc e ng? A ga ar uest tw hie i f a i e tte vess i t Com m onw e t upon r c da i of pe g ha l d e s bl il de t n he alh e or ton t co si rsc riiaegl..a olt a i ef sbl ttedoesnotves i t he mmisone ' e tfc t , . bs ue nd nd ea i e il t n he Co mmonwe 1huntle r oft fna or c imi t a r ( c at i nty he i l der onfr ng he wad of ompe ainj'( . nsto . DktNo. ' 68, 3) Thus snc t Car lCounyCic tCo to d rc imi t a r of at . , i e he rol t rui ur r e onfr ng he wad 8At son wa a ogatdon ot rgr kis s br e he oundsbySikaRevoc eTr tv. Mie t n De .LLC, l SE.d21( . s abl us lso e v, 75 . 2 Va 2 l. 01 ) 10 c ompe a i a d t hand itn i t ri a i r s r ng t e s ment t ttet tvesed ns ton dde he wrte n e lne ton e e vi he a e , he il ha t wa s be tt tee sme td s rb di t eitrie to 9 Tor a ht srs lAg p c nsr e s u j c o h a e n ec ie n h ne l ain. n e c hi e ut a e o tu s t txtofVa. he e Codej4369,oc tdi t ttergadi e ne do i ge r l as l ae n he il e r ng mi nt man nealy, c n itn wi a ds p e ni gVa Co e j1 6 j lc tdi t etterg r igtesae o sse t t n u plme tn . d . 9 9 ,o ae n h il e a dn h tt h hi y c mmison a s tm .Se to 4369pr dest tfl pons hpa nt(ft s ghwa o si nd yse cin ovi ha duq uc yme o he um d tr n dt be u tc mp nsto j et r otep ro e t ldt eeo o it c u ta eemie o j s o e ai n , i t h e s n ni e h rt , r n o o r, nd he t c im aton oft r port t ttet t pa toft lnd a t t o he pr ry tke f onfr i he e ,he il o he r he a nd o he t r ope t a n or whihs hco ns toni al d,s lbeabs l eyvet d gnt Commonwe lhq' c uc mpe ai s lowe hal out l se i he at . ' (mpha i a d) Se ton 1 doe no,howe rus t tr a ol eyore i tyrquie e ss dde . ci 96% s t ve, e he em bs utl xplcil e r k onfnnai oft rpor.'Rahe,j 1 saes k i ton he e t' t r 96% tt : c Upo t r t n oft r toft c m i sone sorvi w e s n he e ur he epor he om s i r e r a nt d i s h pr e ngst s a c r a ned t r by as ppoi e n uc oce di he um s e t i he e c ompe a i a da es i a t t pr pe t o r ,may be ns ton nd mag , f ny, o he o ry wne s pa d t t per on orper ons e il d t r o,orf t m i o c t i o he s s ntte he et or he nt our o t t c er t r ,upon w hi h tte t t pr r y and r o he l k he eof c il o he ope t ri s condem ned shal vesti t C om m onw eaIh ofV i ni ght l n he t rgi a i fesmpl,ort s h e t ntasmaybepr ye f i Ihe n e i e o uc x e a d or n t ) pe ii a t c m i s one s l ha t rghtt e e upon t ton, nd he om s i r ha l ve he i o nt r s c c n tu to u o (i)o u eo tep o e t a drg t u h o sr cin p n sc r s f h r p ry n ih s c onde d a ma bea horze by s i r por,pr dedt rgh mne s y ut i d a d e t ovi he i t o a a fom orr vi w ofs i r por o e e i t r t i f ppe l r e e a d e t n xc pton he e o s her by gi n t t pr ry own r ort t c e ve o he ope t e , o he omm isone , ot s i r t he c r ui c t on t que ton onl ofd a orc pe a i ic t our , he s i y am ges om ns ton. (mp a i a e ) Th Go e n n rj cst i p i o ise da g n tes cinsc nr dc e h ss dd d . e v r me t ee t hs ost n,n ta r uig h e to o ta it i onea he a t trla ont g rlsauor s ci j4369,smiplce whe a not r nd ha eince he enea ttt y e ton, i sa d n s e ii sau o ys ci n j 1 6 j c nr l t ep o e dn F te r ,heGo e n n ag s p cfc tttr e to , 9 9, o tos h r c e ig. urh nno e t v r me t rue ta gvn c nr ln weg t ot eln u g o j 1 6 i a r p it gv nta j1 6 h t iig o tol g ih t h a g a e f 9 % s pp o rae ie h t 9 % i p ovi sçherg sofa1pes afe t s l bes jce t t ge r llwsoft ssae,n r de i iht l rons fced hal ube td o he ne a a t hi tt i 9A g c t st Vigi a Code ofl ,butt pe ii n cie t Vigi a Code of l ast go r ng l The ape ie he r ni 936 he tto t s he r ni 930 he ve ni aw. Cour h exa i dbot vesi oft Codea fndst t bes bsa i l e vae ,i noti ntcala t as m ne h r ons he nd i hem o u tntaly qui lnt f de i , nd t t sdi put i no de e m i i . hus hi s e s t t r natve 11 s f ra t s m emay bea iabl unde t ge r lpur e oft sa , e eptas o a s he a pplc e r he ne a pos s hi ct and xc her by ale edormodii '(mpha i a d) e tr fed.'e ss dde . U nde Vi gi a prnci esofs a ut y c t u ton w he s a ut s a r r ni i pl t t or onsr c i n t t e ppea c r di t y but r ont a c or a ec pa eofha m oni ton c t mus gi e f tt bot saut s Bd. Supe v s sv. r a bl r zai ours t ve fec o h t t e . of r ior M as l, 4 S. 2d 1 1 ( 1 ;seas Ke v.Shilv,l S. 401, ( 929) rhal21 E. 46, 50 Va. 975) e lo ys re 50 E. 402 1 (it ,n e ai , j1 6 a d4 6 a t e t e t t d cdn wh t rac nd mn to l i itr la j 9 % n 3 9 s û ri n' o e iig ehe o e ain s ng p n ' pr e ng maybedimi s d on pe ii rsm oton a trc oce di s se ttone ' i fe ommi so s r por hasbe n fld s i ner ' e t e ie b t u g n no y t ad .Th , i t i Co r a c p sAg p ' itr r tto ta tet u j d me t t e p i) us whl hs u t c e t a e s n ep eain h t h wo e sauo ys ci n c nb v e da s p lme tn o ea oh r t Co r rjcsAg p ' tt tr e to s a e iwe s u p e n ig n n te,he u t ee t a e s co l i a t t m ea ng oft ha m oni d s tons nc us on s o he ni he r ze ec i . I d e n i e j 1 6 n rj4 6 p o ie a yf u d to f rAg p ' a g me th t n e d, et r 9 % o 3 9 r vd s n o n ain o a e s r u n ta h t tte t tve t i t tte con a ne i t Ca r lCoun y Cic tCour ' or rconfr i t he il ha s s s he il t i d n he r ol t r ui ts de im ng he c m i s one s r por. Ra he , he s a ut y s he e r q r s a e ie y dif r ntc us on. om s i r ' e t t r t t t or c m e uie n ntr l f e e oncl i Afe r vi w oft sa ut y s he e t Cour fndst tat ug de e i etteve t i t tr e e he tt or c m , he t i ha lho h f asbl il ss n he Co n at a s o a c mp nsto i p i it t eCo r,ha ttei o l s be tt mmo we l s o n s o e ain s ad no h u tt til s ny u jc o h de e a e unde ce t n lm ie c r um s a es al ofwhi h a e pr de by s a u e, nd none of f as nc r rai i t d i c t nc , l c r ovi d tt t a whih i udemodiia i by t Ca r lCo y Cic tCour or c i ng t c ncl fc ton he rol unt r ui t der onfnui he c pe a i s tby t c m i s one s'r por . om ns ton e he om s i r e t Dee sbl tteme n Ca ttev ia l o t eo c re c o ac ni e y b t o v i f a i e il a s t l il od b e n h c u rn e f o tng nc , u n t od g onisfc ''1 Bl k' La Ditonay( he 2009) l t sc e ,deea i ettewa t a e. 0 ac s w ci r 9t d. . n hi ontxt f sbl il s 1 Pl ntf scie Hom e l . Co o NY v Dai,1 IS. 2 7 , 2 - 4 ( .1 6 ) a Co 0 ai if t ns . f . ls 4 E.d 21 7 3 2 Va 9 5 , nd mmo we lhTr n p. n at a s Co rv. o z l c, 2 S. .d 5 , 1 1 ( . 9 3 ,n s p r o t i p o o iint a d fa il ttei mm' Klt . n .4 5 E 2 08 51 - 2 Va 1 9 ) i u po t f her r p sto h t e e sb e i s l sbe toatrto b t Cic iCout re .TheCo rGrtn tsta b t o te ec s srfrt Vigni Co uj c t l ain y he rut r o d r e u t s oe h t oh f h s ae ee o r i a de s ci t tpos- t t c rnta ton.Sec e tons ha tdae he ure c i ond,Dals c er dt que tonofwho bor t rs oftr da a i, onc ne he si e he ik 'e m ge i f r i igsstae o ln sbe toc n e ainp o e dn s a dno eei iso i o ddtec u t ol o bul n i td n a d u j c t o d mn to r ce ig , n wh r n t pnin i h o rh d d u t tacr ui cou tm a m odiyt s peoft tteo c ha ic t r y f he co he il nce ompens tonha be n s ti t c m isone s r t ai s e e n he om si r ' epor. l S. 2d a 723- Rahe t is ofdefasbl ve s a ol ettewa r s t s t tunderdeea i e 41 E. t 24. t r he sue e i e rus bs ut il s aied o how ha f sbl 12 i t nde t per tt pe ii rt dimist pr e di sbe or a rg shad ve t d,Ke , n e d o mi he ttone o s s he oc e ng f e ny i ht se vs 1 0 SE. t 2(nep ei gj 1 6 j 43 9 a d43 7a drv ri cruic u t e iin 5 . a 40 itr r tn j 9 9, 6 , n 8 n e e sng ic t o r d cso dimisngpeiin a trrght ha vese ,o t pemi dimis i t c ewhe et s si tto fe i s d td) r o r t s saln he as r he c mmiso esa c ranj s c mp n ainb th p t in rfist pa s c c mp n ain, . o sin r s e ti u t o e sto u te ei o e al o y u h o e s to Va t Co ej4 7(t i a ys c p o e dng tea u t ra u t a c ran db t d 38 tf n n u h r c e i ,h mo n o mo n s s etie y he I c m m i s one s a a or ai be notpai e t rt t pa t e il d t r t ori o c t w ihi o s i r s f es d d ihe o he r y ntte he e o, nt our, t n t e mont fom t da eoft flngoft r por oft c misone s t pr ee ngss l, hr e hs ' he t r he ii he e t he om s i r , he oc di ha l o t m oto oft pa t c n he i n he r y onde ni orofa de e nt be va a e a di m i s d ast m ng ny f nda , c t d nd s s e o hin..'. l ..' ) A ddii na l A ga s i e pr t ton t ttte c d be ale ed on t ba i oft to ly, pe' nt r e a i ha il oul tr he s s he l ngua oft Ca r lCoun y Cicui Cour ' or erc nfr i t co m i s one s r por nz a ge he r ol t r t ts d o i m ng he m s i r ' e t ns c r r t t sa ut y s he t tr uie t l be ng c onta y o he tt or c me ha eq r s he and i onde d bedes i d wih mne crbe t / pa tc a iyi t peii a c riulrt n he tton nd ommisones rpo t1 Se Va.Code jj4364,436,,4?6g si r, e r.1 e . . Spectc ly,j4364rquiest tt i taeco ii al e r ha o niit ndemnai pr e di apeiin b fld ton oc e ngs tto e ie t tt ha ls tf r h t i e e ta es a e i t nde t bet ke i t l nd orot rpr pe t ' ha t l e o t he nt r s nd t t n e d o a n n he a s he o r y.' Fu temo e t es cinr q rst a kth r s al etldwihs c p tto apa o te rh r r ,h e to e uie h tç l e e h l b ie t u h ei n lt f h g i s ve wih a pr ie s i t c t a fls tesl sand br dge ,a a de c pt on oft ur y, t ofl how ng he u s nd il , r te i s nd s ri i he I or ot propert w hi or an i eres or est e i w hi i s and her y ch, nt t at n ch, s oughtt be o ttet pe ii rm a a ndon t pr ee ngs I a 724.Kl zi as ditnguiha eon isfc s Klt il he ttone y ba he oc di . d. t ot s lo si s bl t a t . oz co nz whehert Com m isi rofTr ns tto m a a nce ed t he s one a porain y mendisc t ondemnai peii wher no a r emen ton tton e ge t ast c o ompe ai hadbe n r che prort t petto i tt i c ns ton e ea d i o he iiner nsiutng ondemnain pr e ngsa prort t to oc edi nd i o he c mmiso esac rann j tc mp n ain Th Vi naS pe Co r h l ta u de teecru tn e te o sin r s etiig us o e sto . e r i u rme u t ed h t n r h s i msa c s h gi c Commi i rma a nd t c ssone y me he ondemnaton peii 425 S. 2dat5l TheVigi a Supr Cour,ho ve , i tton. E. 2. r ni eme t we r m a noco m e o whehert s peoft ttem a beale e afe co pe aton hasbee s t whih i t de m nt n t he co he il y tr d tr m ns i n e , c s he que ton be or t s Cour . l e t l ca i i t o oft Vigi aSu e e Cour ' r lngsi t tttem a si f e hi t nde d, he ogi l mplca i n he r ni pr m ts u i s ha il y notbe a t r d once c le e ompe a i i s t ns ton s e . 1 Thesaut y s he er ga di c 1 tt or c m e r ng ondemnaton l outt pr edu e t m us bef l d fom t c e s i ays he oc r s hat t olowe r he ontnt oft pe ii dute oft co m i sone s c e s oft c he tton, i s he m s i r , ont nt he omm i soner r po t t t tm i oft t m i ton s i s' e r , o he i ng he er na i ofr g si t co m ne pr t a li s ii de a l Vigi a co t ha hel t s sa ut s a et be s rc l i ht n he nde d opery 1 n pec fc t i. r ni ur s ve d he e t t e r o ti ty c n t e Lih v Da v l ,1 0 S. 2 6 2 ( . 9 7 . o snzd. g t . n il 9 E. 7 , 81 Va 1 3 ) e 13 c mne .. ( onde d..' emphassadde .Ame me st t peii aealowedunde c ran ' i d) nd nt o he tton r l r e ti cic tnc s SeeRihmondv.Thomps sHer,81S. 1 1 - ( 1 4)( dnga rumsa e . c on' is E. 05, 07 08 Va. 91 holi pe iine c nnotconde adif r n i er s t n orgi l s ciid i t peii wihout tto r n mn fe e t nt e t ha i naly pe fe n he tton t a n me to t ep tto o c nsn o ted fn a t) Lie s , 43 7 whiho tie t e me d n f h eiin r o e t f h ee d n s. k wie j 6 , c uln s h a nt e pr s f a dutesoft c m i sone s s a est c m i s one s a e a nt d ppoi m nt oce s or nd i he om s i r , t t he om s i r r ppoi e kort pur eofas erai ngaj tc d he pos f c t ni us ompens i f s h l , ot rprpet orf aton or uc ands or he o ry, or s c itr s o ett te en, n a r igted ma e ,fa y r s ligt tea j c n o u h ne et r sae h ri a d wadn h a g s i n , e utn o h da e t r ot rpr ryoft owne .. (mphassa d) Se ton4368f t rpr vi st till he ope t he r..' e ' i dde . ci urhe o de ha tthe c m i s one s a t r vi w i t proper y and I w hi h, a i er s or e t e i w hi h, om s i r , f e e ng he t and c or n nt e t s at n c i s ug tt bec nde d ..s al s e ti wha wil eaj s c mp n ainf rtes i s o h o o mne . h l a c ran t lb u t o e s to o h ad pr rya lnd,orf s hitr toresaet enasi pro e t bet n..'(mpha i ope t nd a or uc nees tt heri s pos d o ake .. e ' ss a d d .Th , e to s4 6 , 3 7 a d4 6 al e ur t eln s b e tt c n mn to b d e ) us s cin 3 4 4 6 , n 3 8 lr q ie h a d u j c o o de ain e de c i d w ih s ii iy. s rbe t pec f c t Fi ly,j4369,t pr so t trquiest crui c toc im t nal he oviin ha e r he ic t our t ontr he c mmiso e s rp r, ke nop o ii nf rtecrutc u tud et atrted srp ino o sin r' e o tma s r v so o h ic i o rj g o l h e cito f e t l nd be ng co m ned a t s l t s a oft pr e ng.1 I de ,i lgh oft br d he a i nde t hi a e t ge he oc edi 2 n ed n i t he oa a hort o t Comm onwe 1ht c ut iy f he at o onde lnd a t nee f t comm isone st mn a nd he d or he si r o a u a e y a s s t val oft l nd a i s ,i m a s s ns t l i l t e di noti l t s cc r t l s e s he ue he a t s ue t ke e e he eg s a ur d nc ude hi p o iin Th c mmiso e sa ec ag dwi a c ranngj s c mpe sto frt ep o ry r vso . e o sin r r h r e t se tii u t o n ain o h rpet. h W iho a a ur t de c i i oft pr pe t t c m i s o r w oul be una et de e m i t ut n cc a e s rpton he o r y he om s i ne s d bl o t r ne j tc nstona norwoul t pate beabl t d tr newhehe t ys drques us ompe ai nd d he ris e o eemi t r he houl e t 1 Thi a ar es ci l t lng i lgh oft f tt tt Igil u epr de s cii ly f c ran t sof 2 s ppe s pe aly eli n i t he ac ha he e satr ovi d pe fcal or e ti ype obe to st tec mmiso es rp r.S eVa Co ej4 7 (oi t a d rn te3 d ywatn p ro ,o j cin o h o sin r' e o t e . d 3 0 n t h t u ig h 0 a i g eid fr ng i çgood c ebe s ç aus hown a ns t r por ..t c t. m a ..a nto he comm i sone s a t mate ma be gai t he e t . he our .. y . ppoi t r s i r , nd he t r y p o e d di a b fr p ecie '. r c e e n s e o e r s rb d.) ' 14 t a i m e tofne c misone si t y t ok e e in t t trtc he ppo nt n w om s i r f he o xc pto o he i s omm isone s si r' val ton oft l ua i he and. Thi Cour al o not t ti lghtoft Com m onwealh' al ost s t s es ha n i he t s m unlmie po rt c mnlndf publcpu oss a j4371 whihpr de t tdtrng i td we o onde a or i p e , nd , c ovi s ha li t pe nc ofc he nde y onde na i pr ee ngs a c por to ort s a e m a ent ri t l nd a m ton oc di or a i n he t t y e n o a nd be n co tuc i i s e sbeyond r a on t tt s a ut y s he e i e d t pe m i t ki gi nsr ton, t e m e s ha he t t or c m nt nde o r t he nd ofmodii a i Ag peur si a l d i t Car lCount Cic tCour' or rc imi tc ton a ge s lowe n he rol y r ui ts de onfr ng t c m m i s one s r por . he o si r ' e t Thus onc t co si s rpor i tldi a or ncewih j4369,hecr t , e he mmisoner' e ts ie n cc da t t icui c ts c im a i n oft r por s ve o y t a fr t a pr i t nes oft com pe a i n our ' onfr to he e t er s nl o f im he p opra e s he ns to c lultda sgniyt c usonoft c mnainpr e ngs eVa.Codej4374 ac ae nd i f he oncl i he onde to oce di .Se (d trt pay ntoft amountofc û e he me Af he ompe ai a da sit c tasheei f e nston nd mage no our r nbeor pr s r be t i e es oresa e oft ow ne orowner w hi h hasbe c e ne a af es i e c i d, he nt r t tt he r s c en ont m d, s or a d, s l t r i t ,a t s lha s h i e e tores a e i t c pe a i orda age pai ha l e m na e nd hey hal ve uc nt r s t t n he om ns ton m s d it c u t st ya di tep o e t s tk no d ma e ..'; . d j 1 % (p o ie no o r a he n n h r p ry o a e r n g d ..) Va Co e 96 i r vd d ' t t rghtofa he i ppea f om orr vi w of s i r po ton e e i t r t i he e gi n t t lr e e ad e r xc pton he e o s r by ve o he pr r y o ne , t t com m i sone , o t c r ui c t on t quesi onl ofda a sor ope t w r or o he s i r t he i c t our , he ton y m ge co nsto );Stt Hi yComm' v. e r 1 S. 21 21 ( 1 (uoi 1 9 mpe ain' ae ahwa r Kz ge , 05 E. 7, 8 Va. 920) q tng 91 Va. t 57)(CT1 rghtofa a fo o rviw ofsi rpor one ptont rt i hee Acs (( he i ppe l r m r e e ad e t xce i he eo s rby gi n t t pr r y OwnerOrt t c m m i son,t t cic tc t on t quesi o y o ve o he ope t o he o s i o he r ui our , he ton nl f da ge orc ma s ompe ai ' .Not ngi t sauor lngua t sauor s he mor ns ton.) ' hi n he ttt y a ge,he ttt y c me e ge r l orc ne aly, omm on s ns s e e ugge t t tt l il tlei e d f t s peoft tte ss ha he eg satr nt nde or he co he il ve tng t be de e m i d by a hi ot rt n t tte de c i d i t petton a r f r nc d si o t r ne nyt ng he ha he il s rbe n he ii nd e e e e i t com m i i s'r t n he ss oner epor. 15 l t pr s n ca e,t l nd des rbe i t pe ii di noti ude a e e e t N o n he e e t s he a c i d n he tton d ncl ny as m n . r wast r a e e e i l d i t de c i i oft l nd t be s v d by t he e n as m nt nc ude n he s rpton he a o ur eye he c m i sone s Norw ast r a e s m e i l om s i r . he e n a e nt nc uded i t r f enc t t de c i i oft n he e er e o he s rpton he l nd i t fr tc m i s one s'r por . N ordi t a t ne f r M ar us a M yrl Bol n r i e a n he is om s i r e t d he tor ys o c nd te e a s t i s ofa e e e i t e e i t y fl d t t fr tcom m i s oner 'r po t N orw a he s ue n as m nt n he xc ptons he ie o he i s s i s e r. s t r a ea e nti l d i t r f r et t de c i i n oft l i t s ond he e n s me nc ude n he e e enc o he s rpto he and n he ec co m i s one s r por .1 A nd fna l ,t r w a no des rpton oft a l ged e s m e i t m si r' e t 3 i ly he e s ci i he le a e nt n he des r pton oft l nd conve d by t Com m onw e 1h t t U nie St t ofA m erc des t ci i he a ye he a t o he t d a es i a, pie t f c t ts ve a sm iare s m e t wer e e syr s r ed i t tde Uli t l i he a t ha e r l i l a e n s e xpr s l e e v n ha ed. tma ey, t m at r notwha t Ca r lCount Cic tCo to dersa e be us t s o oft ttet t te s t he r ol y r ui ur r tt d ca e he c pe he il ha vesed i t Com m onw e lh wasde e ne by t de c i i oft l nd i t c t n he at t nni d he s rpton he a n he onde na i n m to pe ii n, hi h d sno i ude t a l d e s m e t Thus t s Cour co l tto w c oe t ncl he lege a e n . , hi t nc udest tba e on ha s d t d c i t o oft l i t c he es r p i n he and n he onde na i pe ii a asr f r nc i bot o t m ton tton nd e e e ed n h f he c m i s one s r pors no easem entaccessi t Bl Ri Pa kw ay w a r er d.4 The om s i r ' e t , s es ve l ng he ue dge r Com m o e t t ok tte t t l nd w iho a e e en sw he i pa d t c pe a i nw alh o il o he a t ut ny as m t n t i he om ns ton a c ran dt b j s b t frt o sin r' e o tnot Car l Co nyCic t u t n s e tie o e u t y he is c mmiso es rp r it he rol u t ruiCo r o 1 TheCour noest tt t ala 3 t t ha he ot mountofc ompe ai wasi r s d by$925 be wee t is nceoft frt ns ton ncea e t n he s ua he is com misoner rpo ta t s co co m isone s r por.H a t r b n a dicus i ofori e i t s i s' e r nd he e nd m s i r ' e t d he e ee ny s son ntnton o r s r t pum oredea emen ,onewoul note tt s t co pe a i i ea ebec us r s r i oft e e ve he t s t d xpec o ee he m ns ton ncr s a e e evaton he ale deasm e woul havei r a e r t rt n de r as t val oft lnd rt i d byt Bol . lge e nt d nc e s d, ahe ha c e ed,he ue he a e ane he ens 1 g aguest tt sCour mus a ce t Car lCount Cic tCou tor ra wrtenandm a notque ton 4A ape r ha hi t t c pt he rol y r ui r de s it y si i bec us t do s woul be a i pe m is bl cola e ala t c Howe r t sCour ' sa ut y i t pr a i oft t a eo o d n m r s i e lt r ta k. ve , hi ts t t or n er et ton he r lva s ci oft Vigi aCodedoesnotco tt eac l ealatc a doesno e nge t ee nt e tons he r ni nsiut olatr ta k nd t nda r he c n l sv n s o t eo d r S eRo a t o d & W iePr d . r v Na c l d s. n .7 7F.d 1 6 1 ( t o cu ie e s f h r e . e b r W o r o s Co n. . ma o n u .l c, 9 2 7 , 78 4 h Ci.1 8 )( i n M i u e Cn v v W h t Co , 6U. 2 8( 9 5 (ttn t ep r os of ulsp e e t g r 9 6 ct g l k e t . . ie .29 S. 6 1 3 ) sai g h u p e r e rv n i i wa n c l tr l t c çst etbih tr u h u t efd r ly tm tesltr p icpeofh c mmo lw ta o e ol ea at k t o sa ls ,h o j o t h e ea sse h auay rn il te o n a h t nc a a i lt ainip ru dt j d me tta l d me t h lb a c n lsv ofh rg t o tep risi e eyoh rc u t ii to s u s e o u g n,h tu g n s al e s o cu ie te ihs f h at n v r te o r g e a i tec u t eetej d me t srn ee .l. sn h o r wh r h u g n wa e d rd') ' 16 ora boutM a c 1 , 1 r h 8 938.5 The Co monwe lh t en c 1 m at h onve d t l t t Unie Stt sof ye he and o he t d a e A m e i a f c t u t o oft Bl R i Pa kwa w ihoutA ga s a l ge ea em e . r c , or onsr c i n he ue dge r y, t pe' le d s nt B. A ga s M ot on t Exc ude i M ootand A gape i NotEntt e t At orne 'Fe pe' i o l s s il d o t ys es Aga a g t tt sCour maynotc i rt m a br htby t Gove nme t pe r ues ha hi t onsde wo ps oug he r nt o t eiiil aigo t cos mo in frs mmayj d me t a h a igwa c niu d, t h nta he rn n he r s to s o u r u g n .Th t e rn s o tn e a A ga sr ques , o a l A ga t c e tt i r uc i oft m a . The Gove m e has pe' e t t low pe o ont s he nt od ton he ps m nt noti r e t t ma i oe d e ( . 63) a t sCo tha notc ieedt ntoduc d he wo ps nt vienc , Dkt No. , nd hi ur s onsd r he ma si d cdn t ec o smoin f rs mmayj d me t Th , a e sr q s t e cu e p n e i ig h r s to s o u r u g n . us Ag p ' e uet o x ld co i r to oft m a i deni d asm oot nsde a i n he ps s e . Aga a s as f a awar ofat neys f e i t a pe lo ks or n d tor ' e s n he mountof$5, 50 f l ga f es 455. or e l e a cos si r e i t pr es ofc le ng t i r nd t ncu r d n he oc s ha l ngi he ntoduc i oft t o m a a a a r s t ton he w ps nd s e ul oft pospone nto t heai ( . .62,70 .Be us Aga pr de nos he t me f he rng. DktNos ) ca e pe ovi s uppor f t or isale d e tte e t s a a a d a be us t Cour tndst tA ga i neihe a t l ge n il m nt o uch n w r nd ca e he ti ha pe s t r prvaii pa t unde 28U. C.j241 norha a e tte ntt f sunde Fe R.Ci P. e lng ry r S. 2 s ny nilme o ee r d. v. 11c,t Coul de esAga sr quetf ator ys fe . () he ' ni t pe' e s or t ne ' e s l V. Conc us on l i V i ng al t e de i t lghtm os f or e t A ga t Cour fndst tA ga ewi 1 he vi nce n he i t av abl o pe, he ti ha pe doe no ha a e il ntt a ea e e t a c s t Bl Ri Pa kwa a s t ve ny ntteme o n s m nt o c e s he ue dge r y nd, c e n l , A gape' easem ent acr st e Brnte a Boln l ons que ty e s xtng s ' s s os h i l nd e andsar alo e i uihed.6 Acc r ngl t Gove nme ' motonf s o di y,he r nts i or ummayj r udgmen i GRANTED,t Brnl a ts he ite nd 1 A ga a guest tt e le tda e t G ove nm e c n pr i pad t c pe a i i o t Ca r lCou y 5 pe r ha he ari s t he r nt a ove t i he om ns ton nt he r ol nt Cic tCour i M ay26,1 rui ts 938.Thi i t daewhe t f s s he t n he undswe ed iedi ot Boln' ba ac unt Thi r epost nt he e s nk co . s i,howe ,uns s ver uppored by t f t TheG ove nm e ' e d e, de sf pa en f ,ex i ty s a e t he ac s. r nts vi enc or r or ym t onns plcil t t ûthsfr t b atc e t c ekwh np i'tee yidct a ta p y nt Kli o m o e ta h d o h c e ad'h rb n iai cu l a me . g ng 1 Thepa te m a s ver a to lagum e si t rbref,whi t Cour ha r vi 6 ris ke e al ddiina r nt n hei i s ch he t s e eweda c i r nd onsdeed. Ho ve ,be aus noneoft e agume scha t o c oft a ve l lanayssort Cour' r i we r c e hes r nt nge he utome he bo ega l i he ts ulng, t y a enota esedher n. he r ddr s ei 17 Bo e Dee d n s mo inf rs mmayj d me t sGRANTED, n Ag p ' mo in fr ln fn a t' to o u r u g n i a d a e s to s o s ummar udg ntar DENI yj me e ED.Furhemor Aga smotont e udei DENI An t r e, pe' i o xcl s ED. a o i t o de s l i s t s da ppr pr a e r r ha l s ue hi y. ENTER: i / * d yo Ma , 2 2 Ths & a f y 01 . ' ) Z V> no untdSae Dits Judge ir i tts srt e l , x 18
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