-RSB Tatum v. Shoemaker, et al, No. 7:2010cv00296 - Document 100 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 03/16/2012. (kab)
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cteRK' orFs u. Dl touv s ce :. sm AT > NVI : v LL A F E cW l n/ k I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A R O A NO K E DIV ISIO N MA2 15 2 1 22 J U c. DLR CLERK D B ; V1 Y EPUT Ct K Y D AV I TA TU M , D Pl nt f , ai i f C i lA c i N o.7: 0- v- 296 vi t on 1 c 00 V. M EM O M ND UM O PI I N N O C/ SH OEM AK ER,e al, O t . D efendant s. By: H on.Jac on L.K i er ks s Se orUnied St e Dit itJudge ni t at s s rc Da d Ta um , f der lprs ne pr ee ng pr K ,tl aci la ton pur ua t Bi ns vi t a e a io r oc di o ied vi c i s nt o ve . v.Si UnknownNa dAae sofFe r lBura o Nacoi ,403U. 388( 971,a t x me nl de A e u f r tcs S. 1 ) nd he Fe ea To t amsAc (TTCA' , U.. j2 71 # s q, t u idcinv se i 28 d r l r Cli tt ' 28 SC. 6 ,. e .wihj rs ito e td n ) 1 U. C. j 1 31 1 4 a 1 4 anifn me a d f n a t c re to a o fc r S o ma e, S. j 3 , 3 3, nd 3 6.Plitf a s s ee d ns o r ci n l fies h e k r W e b W i o , se , hie , n S ilr F d rl ra o I etg to s(F ' Ag nsJ h b , l n La tr W ty a d tl ; e ea Bu e u f nv siai n t BI' e t o n s e t ) Doe 1 2,a 31 N tr eTe es M ea a Te r O' in,f merW ar n oft Unied St ts s , nd ; ls r a de; nd ry Bre or de he t ae Pe ie tayi Le Co ny, r ii (I P Le '.Dee d n sfldmo in f rs mmay ntnir n e u t Vigna C US e' fn a t i ) e to s o u r j d me ta d panifrs o d d, kngt matrrp f rd s o iin.Afe rv e n t e u g n , n li tf e p n e ma i he te ie o ip sto tr e iwig h rc r 1g a td fnd n s moinsfrs mmayj d me t e o d, rn ee a t' to o u r u g n . The r or r a st f l i f t i a lghtm o e f vo a e t pl i if O n J nua y ec d eve l he olow ng ac s n i r a r bl o a ntf . a r 29,2009,de e ntLa t ra oa d pl ntf i t USP Le r c eai ya d a t d hi t t f nda se ppr che ai if n he e e r ton r nd ol m ha FB1a nt wa e t s a wih hi .Pli tf r us d,a ofk er uli t y es td hi t a ge s nt d o pe k t m a n if ef e nd t s tma el core m o c ge i t r r aton y d. Pl i i fsaye i t r c e ton c ge un i de e nt W e a a n he ec e i ar a ntf t d n he e r a i a tl f nda s bb nd 'Defndant a e s cknowldget tt s J Doede e nt ar FBlAgen Thom asSna a As itntUniedStt e ha he e ohn f nda s e t pp nd ssa t aes Aton y (ç As'Za h r Le a dCri Jc be , n plitf ak wld e terie tt sa teJ l Do l re s : AUS ' c ay e n ag a o sn a d anif c no e g s h i d nii s h om e ) e defnda si hi s bs quentflngs Acc digl Is bsiut t epeopl f t J D oedefnda s Fe R. e nt n s u e ii . or n y, u tt e hes e or he ohn e nt. d. Ci P.1 2l v. 9, . 1 Shoe make a rve t e c t m t a i e viw r m i i t prs Pli ifc r ri d o s or hi o n ntr e oo nsde he ion. a ntf omple wih id t W ebb' or rt s s de o ubm i t ha t o ndcuf s butW e a l dl tg e t ha uf sd a i i l ' f, bb lege y i ht ned he ndc f t lc ous y' m a G yond r s ' Pl i ift d hi t tt handc f w e ehuri butW e di no nd t be ea on. antf ol m ha he ' ufs r tng, bb d t l e t m . Shoe a rhepe W e es or pli ift t i e v e r oos n he m ke l d bb c t antf o he nt r i w oom by t si witng pl ntf sa msa lfi pl ntf of hi f e . Thec bi ton oftg ha ufsa ar ai if r nd itng ai if f s e t om na i i ht ndc f nd m t si al ge y ca e pl i ifs ve epan a s f rng f t ort r em i e a c us d witng le dl us d antf e r i nd ufe i or wo h e nut s nd a e pl ntf t l ef lng i hi rghtha ai if o os ee i n s i nd. Shoe a ra W e e c t d pl ntf t t i e vi w r m ke nd bb s or e ai i f o he nt r e oom w he e t FBla nt t r he ge , he AUSAS Lase ,Stle ,a W is n we ewatng. La t ra Stle dsa me 'pli ifi t a , t r il r nd l o r ii se nd ilr dlm d' a ntf n o c r Pli tf t d e r hai. a n if ol ve yonei t i e iw r n he ntrve oom t thewasnotgoi t tl t t FBla ha ng o a k o he nd soodupfom t c i.Stle i ditl grbbedpli if us dac t r he har ilr mme aey a antf e hokehol a imas d, nd l hed s hi 'i ot co r t foo ,a lge yi lci s ve epan and s f rng. W e a W hie m ' nt he nc e e l r le dl nfi tng e r i ufe i bb nd ty ju p do pli tf' ba kwi t i k e sa dsr c hm mutp etme i terb wihco e tn e n anifs c t her n e n tu k i lil i s n h is t l sd h fsswhie o he ofi e spl ce l ionson hi .W e W hie and Shoe it l t r fc r a d eg r m bb, ty, make t n sood r he t pl ntf u and e co td hi fom t i e viw r m t am ed c le .Nur eM e de sr por ai if p s re m r he ntr e oo o i a xam s a ' e t oft clni le mi ton t ry m i eslt rr a st tpl i ifdeni a s he i ea xa na i hit nut a e eve l ha antf ed ny ympt , oms pl i ifha no a r ntdites ,a Nur eM ea di notdic ra medialy sgnii nt antf d ppa e sr s nd s de d s ove ny c l i fca tndi . i ngs W e a us d pl i ifofbii hi durng t s ufl a W is or r d pl i ift bb cc e antf tng m i he c te, nd lon de e antf o pr d abl s ovi e ood ampl Pl ntf s it d t Nur eM e dr wi hi bl onl be us of e. ai if ubm te o s ade a ng s ood y ca e W ison' ' lr off ce.' l s ç teat or ' t La t rc r d pl i ifwih a i tt i lvi ai n f diobe ng a or rt r m an se ha ge antf t n nsiutona olto or s yi n de o e i s a ed, l ge y s e t ale dl poke be or pli ifsood fom t c r Pl ntf w a f n f e antf t r he hai. ai if s ound g lyoft uit he cha gea l tt ry- ys us ofphoneand c r nd os hit da ' e omm is r prviege . say i l s l lgh oft s e nt , antf s c t aly saest f l ngcli : n i t he e ve s pl i if pe ik l t t he olowi a ms A . Shoemake a W e us e e svef ce i vi a i oft Ei h r nd bb ed xc s i or , n olton he ght Am e e ,a ne i nty us d f c a c m it d as a ta ba tr i ndm nt nd glge l e or e nd om te s ul nd te y,n vi aton ofVigi al b tg e ng pli ifsha ufs t si pl i ifs ol i r ni aw, y iht ni antf ' ndc f , witng antf ' a ms a lhi pli ifup t es tpl ntf fo t r c e ton c ; r , nd i ng antf o cor ai if r m he e r a i age B. La trand Stle ne i nty us d f c a c se ilr glge l e or e nd omm it a as a ta ba tr i ted n s ul nd te y, n vi aton ofVigi al w,b sn i pl i ifi o t c i; ol i r ni a y lmm ng antf nt he ha r Stle us d e es i f c i vi a i oft Ei ht Ame ilr e xc sve or e,n olton he g h ndmen ,a t nd ne i ntyus f c and c glge l ed or e omm it d a s ul a bal y,n vi ai ofVigi a te s a t nd ter i ol ton r ni lw,by puti pl i ifi ac a tng antf n hoke d a sn i pli tf ont t c r t hol nd lmm ng a n if o he onc ee foor l ; W e and W hie us e es i f ce i vi a i oft Ei h Ame e , bb ty ed xc sve or , n olton he ght ndm nt and ne i nty us d f c a c glge l e or e nd omm it d as a ta ba t r i vi a in of te s ul nd te y, n olto Vign alw, yj mpn o p an ifsb c wi t erk e sa srkngp anif r ii a b u ig n litf a k t h i n e nd tii litf h i t rbs n he i ; E. W e s d ha known t tpli tf bl woul bee r c e a ns bb houl ve ha a n ifs ood d xta t d gai t pli ifswilwhe W e sa er d pl i ifb da mi pl i ifbi W e a ntf l n bb l nd e antf y i ng antf t bb; W is a M ea vi a e t FourhAm e e by c pe lng pl i ifs lon nd de olt d he t ndm nt om li antf c e t ha bl dr w n a dr w i t bl ons nt o ve ood a nd a ng he ood, es tve y; r pec i l G. La t r t laed a i tpl ntf,i vi ai n oft Fit Ame m e , flng a ser e ai t ga ns ai if n ol to he fh nd nt by ii lbel i i ntr tag ns pl i ifbec us pli iffl agre nc a i t i ous nc de epor ai t antf a e antf ied iva e gans La t ;and s er i e uper son t nd H . Cr s i la e f rt neglg nts vii ofW ebb,W hiey, a Shoe a r os 2 s i bl o he m ke be us Cr skne orr as bl s d ha lnown t tt s ofier had ca e os w e ona y houl ve c ha he e fc s tdanger pr i tes.' t ous oclvii ' 2Cr s whoeve t sma be i net radefndantnorde c i i t Amende Co ai . Ac di y, eif os , r hi y , s ihe e s rbed n he d mpl nt cor ngl r le a ns Cr si notposi e,bu Ilbe al co tu t cai asa ns O ' in a W is . gai t os s sbl t i r ly nsr e he l m gai t Bre nd lon Pl ntf r que t asr i f$25, i c ai if e s s ele 000 n ompe a or dama a $500, i e mplr ns t y ges nd 000 n xe a y da a s. m ge Pl ntf a l est f l ngf t a ai if leg he olowi acs bouthi atm pt t e us a i sr i r me e . s te s o xha t dm nitatve e di s Pl i ifha de i r d t O' i n a BP- gre nc f m a antf nd lve e o Bre 9 iva e or boutt ofk e s e s i f c i he t r ' xce sve or e n t i e vew r m . Pl ntf as O' i a he nt r i oo ai if ked Bren boutt gre he ivanc t wee lt r a O ' in e wo ks a e , nd Bre s d he l ti . Pl ntf m a l d O ' i n a s c BP- butdi notr ce ve a r pons w ihi ai os t ai if ie Bre e ond 9 d e i es e t n t ry da . Pli iffl at r BP- wih a Uni Te m e hit ys a ntf ied hid 9 t t am mber a O ' in de e t e , nd Bre nid h g i va on J y 7,2009.Pl i ifm al d hi BP- O a a ofO' i n' r s re nce ul antf ie s I ppe l Bre s e pons on Augus e t 2 , 0 9 Bura of io (1 ' safd ne hi BP- Oa p a, n p an ifa p ae t t e 0 2 0 . e u Prs ns 1 BOP' tf e id s I p e l a d litf p e ld o h ) BOP Ce ta Ofie wh c ddn trs o d.Plitf maldaCli f rDa g ,n u y o nr l fc , ih i o e p n an if ie am o ma e lj r , r Deah t t BOP, c de ed t c am by alte daed Fe a y 9,201 Pl ntf fl t s t o he whih ni he l i e tr t bnz r 0. ai if ied hi a ton wihi s x m ont oft BOP' l ter ci tn i hs he s et . 1 1. A p ryi e tte t s mmayj d me tSftepla ig ,h ds o e ya dds lsle a t s n ild o u r u g n i h e dn s te ic v r n ico t i r ma e i son fl a a a fdaviss t tt r i no g ui i s a t a m ae i lf ta t ral ie, nd ny fi t how ha he e s en ne s ue s o ny tra ac nd ta temo a ti e tte t j d me t samatro lw. Fe . . v. 5 c . Maeil a t h th v n s ni d o u g n a l te f a ' d R Ci P. 6()3 tra fcs ' a e t e ne es a y t e t bls t e e e sofa pa t sca e ofa t o r hos c s r o s a i h he l m nt ry' us c i n.A nde s v. be t r on Li rv Lo b l c, 7U. 2 , 4 ( 9 6 .A g n n is eo mae ilfc e it i,nv e n t e b vsn .47 S. 42 2 8 1 8 ) e uie su f tra a t x ss f i iwi g h r or a al r s bl i e e esd a t r fom i algh m os f vor bl t t no m o ng ec d nd l ea ona e nf r nc r wn he e r n i t t a a e o he n- vi ng y pat aras bl f tfnde c dr ur aver c f t non- va .La Themovi part ry, e ona e ac-i r oul et n dit or he mo nt d . 3Thepa te r ceve r s ris e i d ea onabl a e i tno iet tt cour m a c r am otont dim ist tr f e s e nd xplci tc ha he t y onve t i o s s ha eernce matr o tietepe dn sit amoinfrsmmayjd me t e teClr ise atmeyRo e o on tc . tes usd h la ig no to o u r u g n wh n h ek su d i l sb r oie Se F d R. v P.l () Ro e r v. rio , 2 F.d3 9 31 (t Ci. 9 ) e e . Ci. 2d ; sboo Gars n 5 8 2 0 , 0 4h r 1 75 . 4 ha t bur n ofs wi - Eha i , ntng o t t diti eo t- t tt r i a a enc of s he de ho ng t t s poi i ut o he srct ur ha he e s n bs . t e e denc t s vi e o uppor t nonm o ng pa t sc e. Ce ot x Cor v.Ca r t 477 U . 31 325 t he vi r y' as ' l e ' p. tet, S. 7, ( 986) I t mova s tsist sbur t nt non- ntmus stf t s ii, 1 . f he nt aife hi den,he he mova t e orh pecfc a isbl f c st tde onsr t t e se e ofage neis off tf til Fed. Ci P. dm s i e a t ha m ta e he xit nc nui s ue ac or ra . R. v. 5 () Ceoe , 7 U. a 3 2 2 .A pa t i e tt dt su r j d me t fter c r a a 6 c; ltx 4 7 S. t 2 - 3 ry s n ie o tnmay u g n i h e o d s l who ec d notl a ar tonalti roff c t fnd i f voroft non- o nt W ila sv. l oul e d ai re ato i n a he m va . lim Grfi 9 2F.d8 0 8 3 (t Ci.1 91.Co ves l, u r j g n i i p o raei ifn, 5 2 2 , 2 4 h r 9 ) n r ey s mmay ud me t s na prp it f t e de i s fce f ar s bl f c -i rt r t n ave diti f he vi nce s ufi int or ea ona e a ttnde o e ur r c n avoroft no he nmovi pa t Ande s 477U . a 2 ng ry. r on, S. t 48. Ev ni t r i nods uea t t e ie ta yf cs s mmayj g n i n t e f hee s ip t s o he vd nir a t, u r ud me t s o a opraewhe et uli ae f c ua c l i nst be d a a ei diput . Ove sr e v.Ky. ppr i t r he tm t a t l oncuso o r wn r n s e rte t Ce .LieI .Co.950F. 931 937( hCi.1 ) A c t ynotr s vediputdfcs nt f ns , 2d , 4t r 991 . our ma e ol s e a t, we g t e de ,ormakede e m i tonsofc e biiy.Rus el v. ir i h he vi nce t r na i r di lt s l M c odyneCop .65F. , 3d 1 2 1 9( t Ci.1 9 ) So e e v Mu v 7 7F.d 1 9 l 2( t Ci.1 8 ) Th c u t 2 9, 23 4 h r 9 5 ; s b e . mh , 9 2 7 , 8 4h r 9 6 . e o r a c pt a t u t e de oft i vi pa t a r ol al i er lc lc sa i e e es c e s s r e he vi nce he no ng ry nd es ves 1 nt na onfi t nd nf r nc i t movi pat sfvor Char n he ng ry' a . bonna sdeFrnc v.Smih,597F. 406,41 ( hCi. ae a e t 2d 4 4t r 1 .tW heno i pa testl t difr sores oneofwhihi bltntyc ta ce 979) t pposng ri elwo feent t i , c s aa l onrditd b t erc r s t a nora o a l j r c udb le ei, c u t h u dn t d p ta v rino y h e od, o h t e s n be u y o l eiv ta o r s o l o a o t h t eso f tef csf rp r o e o r ln o amoin f rs mmayj d me t'S o t Ha rs 5 0U. h a t o u p s s f ui g n to o u r u g n . c tv. ri, 5 S. ' 372,380( ).Furhemor apat ç t ceaeag neis ofmae ilf d t o h 2007 t r e, ry tamot r t enui sue tra a hrug m e e s cul ton ort buidi ofone i e e e u n a t r ' Be e v. a d 769 F. 21 r pe a i he l ng nf r nc po no he . ' al H r v, 2d 3, 21 ( h Ci.1 5) Theef e %l eeuns 4 4t r 98 . r or,tmlr uppore s c aton ...i note td pe ul i s nought def ta o ea s mmayj d me t to ' En i v. tl sn o Bus & Ed c Ra i l c, 3F.d 5 , 2 u r u g n moi n. n s Na' As ' f . u . do.n .5 3 5 6 ' (t Ci.1 ) A plitf c nnotus ar pons t amoto f s 4h r 995 . anif a e es e o in or umma yj r udgme t c rc nt o ore t d fce ce i ac mpli t haln e b ad fnd n ' mo inf rs mmayj d me t S e eiin is n o an c le g d y ee a ts to o u r u g n . e Cla i e v Mc vt, 55F.d 3 4, 3 ( t Ci. 0 9 ( o igta aplitf ma no a n o nnc r . De it5 3 2 3 6 4h r 2 0 ) n tn h t an if y t me d ac mplittl u h ag me tn ab ifo po i s mmayj d me t; l u v Gae . o an l o g r u n i re p sng u r u g n) Gi r . ts r mo Mc n l & Co.3 2 F.d 1 2 1 5( 1hCi. 0 )(a ) Do ad , 8 3 31 , 31 1 t r 20 4 s me. A. D EF NDANTS ARE ENT TLE T0 SUM MARY J E I D UDGMENT F PLAI F S TORT CLAI OR NTI F' MS. Plitf fldacam a an tteUntd Sae vat FTCA f rij re hecamst an if ie li g i s h ie tts i he o n u is li o ha s f r d fom t de e ve ufe e ' he f ndant 't tousc r s ori onduc . Pl i ifs c fcal al ge t tLa t r t4 antf pe ii ly le s ha se a Stle negi nty us d f c a co mit ala s tand ba tr by sa mi hi i ot nd il r lge l e or e nd m ted ! s aul te y lm ng m nt he c i'Stle neglgen l us f c a c har ilr , i ty ed or e nd omm itd a s ul a ba tr by puti hi i a te s a t nd te y tng m n c ke d and sa i hi ont aco r t toor W e a W hie ne i nty us d f c and ho hol l mm ng m o nc ee l ; bb nd t y glge l e or e c mmitda s uta db te yb j mpngo h sb c wihterk e sa dsrkighm i te o t sa l n atr y u i n i a k t h i n e n ti n i n h e rbs W eb sa r pl ntf by a cusnghi ofbii W ebb;a La t fl d albeou i ; b l nde ed ai if c i m tng nd ser ie i l s i i ntr por a ns pl i if Ia s lbe al c tu cl msofne i nts pevii a ns nc de e t gai t antf l o i r ly onsr e ai glge u z son gai t O ' i a W is Bren nd l on. TheUnie St t sha waved iss r i n i td a e s i t ove e g mmuniy unde t FTCA t alow aci t r he o l tons f rij re c u e b g venme a e o e s5 2 U. C. 1 46b) S eUntdS ae v. o n u is a s d y o r ntl mply e . 8 S. j 3 ( . e ie tts 4Plitf tldamoint j i teUni dSae a ad fn a t ohsFTCA cams Th d fn a t a k o e g anifie to o on h t tts s ee d n t i e li . e ee d ns c n wld e ta teUntdSae s o l bej ie a apat t d fn tetr camsma ea an tt e ly e .Se 2 h tb ie tts h ud on d s ry o ee d h ot li d g is is mpo e s e 8 U. C. 2 7 ()()(uh rzn t At r e Ge ea t s bttt teUntdSae a apat t a F S. j 6 9 c-d a toiig he t n y n rlo u siue h ie tts s ry o n TCA cam o li b u h a an ti e l y e ; o i ev. i d S ae , 8 F 3 2 0 27 n. ( t Ci. 0 2 (ttn t eUni d o g t g i s t mp o e ) I d c Unt tts 2 9 . d 7 , 3 l 4h r 2 0 ) sa ig h s e t e Sae i teo l po rp ryi a F tts s h ny rpe at n n TCA a t n .Ac o dn l,h c u t rnstej n e r q e t ci ) c r igy te o rg a t h oid r e u s. o 5Thi wai rofi muniy i lm ied by e ptonst t wai rf nd i 28 U S. j26 0 l a yof h l td ' ve s m t si t xce i o he ve ou n C. 8 . f n t e i e s . e pto t t wai ofinm uniy a y i ac e t c t us dim ist compl ntbe us t Unied Sat xce ins o he ver l t ppl n as ,he our m t s s he ai ca e he t t es i si i n fo s i.Me i v. ie Sae , 9F.d2 , 23(t Ci. 0 ) s tl l e r m ut dna Untd tts 25 3 20 2 4h r 2 01. l nmu 6 Ore n , 2 U. 8 7 8 4 ( 9 6 (e o n zn ta t Uni d S ae c r tb s e wi o ta la s 4 5 S. 0 , 1 1 7 ) rc g iig h t he t tts amo e u d t u e h wai rofiss r g i ve t oveein mmuniy) Spe iialy,apl ntf ma rcove monea yawadsfom t . cfc l ai if y e r tr r r teUntd Sae f rij r t o ls o p o e t, e s n ln u y o d ahç a s db t e h ie tt s o nu y o r o s f r p ry p ro a ij r , r e t t u e y h c ne i ntorwr u a toromison ofa e oye oft g td Stt )whiea i wihi glge ongf l c si ny mpl e he unie aes l ctng t n t sope...ofe oyme .'28U. C.j1 b) Stt lw deemi whehe a FTCA he c mpl nt' S. 346( . ae a tr nes t r n cama i e ildt rle .l ;Medi 259F. a 223( tngt tt s tntvelw oft li nt s ntte o eif d. na, 3d t noi ha he ubsa i a he saei whiht triusa t ro sino c re c nr l t ea j d c to o a FTCA cam) tt n c he o to c o miso c u rd o tos h du iain f n li . Pl i t f di notpr e a lofhi FTCA c a m st t BOP f r a i s r tve a n if d es nt l s l i o he o dm nit a i r ew . evi A cli a mus fr tpr en a admi sr tveFTCA cai t t a oprae f r l am nt t is es t n nitai l m o he ppr i t ede a a nc w hi h m us i s a fnal wr te de a bef e a c a m a c n t l a c vi ac i 28 ge y, c t s ue i , it n ni l or l i nt a i e i l ton. U.. j2 7 4 Th r q ie n t fl a a miitai cam i j rs ito a a dc n o b SC. 6 5 *. e e ur me t o ie n d n srt li s u idcin l n n n t e ve wave Kokotsv. S. t Se v.223F. 275,278(t Ci. i d. i U. Posal r , 3d 4h r 2000) . P an ifflda a miitaiecam frd ma e ij r , rde t wi teBOP, c litf ie n d n srtv li o n g ,nu y o ah t h h whih de edt cli onFe uay9,201 ( ahlFis Af.no. 1 Atc B, 5. Pli if ni he am br r 0. W rt f ( 68-) th. 4- ) antf a l ge i hi a i sr tve cl i : le d n s dm ni t a i am lwasas a t d bec us lr us d t sta pa tcpae i a i si ton....li or s ule a e ef e o i nd rii t n n nve tgai nf med t FBI AUSA,a t i tt i saf t tlha not ng t s y t a he , nd he nsiuton t f ha d hi o a o nyone a de t l nd iniey wa n ts e k n t a y n wi o tp o e rp e e tto (to n y p e e ta dt t s o p a i g o n o e t u r p r e rs n ain at r e ) r sn n ha 1 h wo d lket be t n bac t my c l.AsIwa l a ng my c i a t li t sa ft ul i o ake ko el s e vi ha r nd e lng he t f o tk meb c t myc lbc a et ei tr iw wa o e ,hei ttto sat, whc wa ae ak o el c us h nev e s v r t nsi in tfl) ih s u a o tsve o t m,u e mea dk o k d( qt t eg omd a ds v r l fte b u e n f he j mp d n n c e me o h r t n e ea o h m c m e ed t s r ki m e i t rgh rb a e a one oft m ha m e i a c ke hol om nc o ti ng n he i t i r a nd he d n ho d. Fort we ls fr dpai i myba kl a rg rba e wo eks ufe e n n c ) nd iht i r a. (d L=) 7 Pl ntf' FTCA c a m t t BOP cea l dic s sc ai ifs l i o he l ry s us e onduc t tonl oc ure i t t ha y c r d n he i e viw r nt r e oom a trhe sood u fom hi char Thea nita i cai doe notdic show fe t p r s i. dmi sr tve l m s s us W ebb a Shoe nd make ta pored hi t r how hewa d lm m e ' nt t c r a sa r r r ns t m he e, s tn s d'i o he hai, ny lnde a boutbii albe o i i ntr por, lge us off r ,orne i nts r ii n. tng, i l us nc de e t neg i nt e o ce glge upe v so Ac or ngy, a n ife use onl hi cli so t i e i la s ul a bat yt t c di l pli tf xha t d y s am f he nt ntona s a t nd ter ha a lgedy oc u ed i t i ewi w r m a trhesood up,a t Unie St t i entte t le l c n' n he nt l e oo fe t nd he t d aes s ild o 6 s mmayj d me tf rt oh r u e ha se FTCA cams u r u g n o he te , n x u td li . Pl ntf f ist sae acai ofas a ta i note ild t r le f t al a ai if a l o t t l m s ul nd s ntte o e if or he le ed ba t y. ter (f et tofas a tco it ofan a ti e d t ca e et rha mf orofe i t' or -h s ul nsss c ntnde o us ihe r ul f nsve c a tw ih a he pe s o a e ont c t not r r on r ppr hens on ofs h c ac ,a t tc ea esi t tot r i uc ont t nd ha r t n ha he pe s sm i a r as bl a e ns on ofa i m i ntba t r ' K of m a v. a e t 265 V a r on' nd e ona e ppr he i n m ne te y. ' f n G m t, . 1 ,1 , 7 S. 2 25 , ( 0 3 .A b teyi a u wa t dt u h n t a i n tc n e tdt , 2 6 5 4 E.d 8 261 2 0 ) atr s n n n e o c i g h t s o o s ne o e c e , r u t id.1 S eP se v. i et, 2 Va 8 2 8 9 2 3 S. 2d6 , 4( 9 0 . x us d o j si e d. e ug lv Prv te 2 0 . 9 , 9 , 6 E. 9 7 1 8 ) f A pe s c nnotbela ef ba tr tt t r on n i bl or te y ûwihouta i e i t do bodiyha m -eihera a t l n ntnton o l r t n c ua i enton ora i e i i put d by 1w .'Ada sv. nt i n nt nton m e a '' m Com monwe t 33Va.Ct App. alh, . 463, , 468 534S. 2d347,350( )(uotngDa sv.Co E. 2000 q i vi mmonwe t 15 Va.611 61 .43S. 6 , a1h, 0 , 7,1 E. 41 643( 928:.Theit tt ham ma bes 1 nen o r y hownbyt cr umsa esoft ofe e. he ic tnc he fns Co n at v. ug n, 6 Va 31 3 5 7S. 2 2 0, 23(0 2) mmo we l Va h 2 3 . , 6, 5 E.d 2 2 2 0 . h 6Furhe t nnor , pl ntf r inc on t lbe a c uso ofû i nc ' i no s t i t saeacli of e ai ifs ela e he a l nd oncl in K ge e's t ufk ent o tt negl am ne i ncew ihouts fce l deéii dut br c c us ton,a ha M or ove ,Vigni doesno r c z a glge t ufiinty t lng y, ea h, a ai nd nn. e r ri a t e ognie c n o lw t tof' e i nts vii ' See e. ,Ches a & Pooma Te . v.Dowdy, Va.55,6l orm n a or i glge uper son.' , 2. n ape ke t c l Co. 235 , - 3 6 S. 2 7 , 5 ( 98 ) 5 E.d 51 7 4 1 8 . S Pli iff l t sa ea cai ofas a tf e nt i i t i e v e r .Pli if antf ais o t t l m s ul or ve s nsde he nt r i w oom a ntf doe notdes rbean a e s ci y ppr henson ofa i i n mmedit bat r fom t alege c a e te y r he l d hoke d or hol punc t hi ba k whiepl ntf wasf edown o t toor Furhe m o e t c hes o s c l ai if ac n he l . t r r , he hoke da hol nd punc s tm e a r as bl i e e ofa e ns on onc t y oc ur e w ihout hes ubs l d ny e ona e nf r nce ppr he i e he c r d t pan ifse pe tto Ac o dn l, e e d nsaee tte t s mmayj d me t o panifs litf x cai n. c r igy d f n a t r nild o u r u g n f r litf a s ul c ai s sa t l m . Vign a1w e f re n o fc r e j ytpe il r tcin'r m tr la ii wh n r ii a n o c me t fies no c ca p o e to 'fo o tiblt e s y pe f mi ofi i ld i i a lwf m a r Se M e ce v.Comm onwe lh,15 Va. 8,599, ror ng tc a utes n a ul nne . e r r at 0 58 1 2S. 3 9 3 2( 9 )( ( sa o fc r h h sa a tr tv d t t p ro m, n i t e 4 E. 6 , 7 1 28 dA1 n fie, e a n fimaie u y o e f r a d n h ; pef ma et rofhes d,s lngasheke pswihi duebounds bepr tce ' Thus a ror nc hee houl o o e tn , oe td. ). , batr i pe itdwh nj tfe i t ep ro ma c o alw e f r e n o fc rsd te .S e tey s nn te e usiid n h ef r n e f a n o c me t fie ' uis e Un sv Ka e 5 5F.d 1 ,1 7( t Ci. 0 )(vignar c g ie t t o ieo fc r ae u . n , 6 3 03 1 4h r 20 9 E r ii e o n z s ha p lc fie s r i lg lyj siidi usn ra o a efr et e e u et i lwf ld is';Gn d v. e al u tfe n ig e s n bl o c o x c t her a u ute . l at Co n at 27Va Ap 1 8 1 , 9 SE. d8 7 8 8( 9 )(W p ieo tc rd e n t mmo we l h, . p. 4 , 51 4 7 . 2 8 , 8 1 98 t ol fie o s o c commiabatr whenhet hess onea oprael t ma alare t' Da ds v. t tey ouc ome ppr it y o ke r rs. l; vi on Aln 1 Va.367,373,1 S. 245,246( 925)(t fc r wihi ras bl lmis aet lm, 43 30 E. 1 l ies, t n e ona e i t, r he of j soft f cenec s ayt ena et m t ma ar t,t pr ve esa s a t delve udge he or e s r o bl he o ke ress o e nt c pe , nd o i r prs ne swhe et y ar r r by l w orby wa r ntt de i rt m . W he a tng i good io r r he e equied a ra o lve he n ci n f ih, hec t wila f d t m t ut os pr eci n,a t y wilr cogni t f c t t at t ours l for he he m t ot to nd he l e ze he a t ha e r e isaiewhe t y aen te p ce t e e cs t tc l n dei rt j d me t meg nce rs n he r o x e t d o x r ie ha oo a d l ae u g n be whih c ursa j i e r s a tr r upo ivetg tonsi c t'. c o t nd ures xecie fewads n n siai n our.) ' 9 As um i pl ntf sa lged f c sa et e, r s nabl ti off c c d fnd i s ng ai if le a t r nz no ea o e rer a t oul i n pl i ifsf vora antf a boutde e nt 'alege bat r Pl i ifad ist t onc i t it r i w f nda s l d te y. antf m t ha , e n he n e v e r ,he r pe edl s i he w o d nott k t a oom e at y a d ul al o nyone a s ood up f o t c r I w a o y nd t r m he hai . t s nl whe pli ifgotup fom t c i a at mpt t wak outoft i er ew r n antf r he har nd te ed o l he nt vi oom t t ha c r c i lofk e st he hi t pr ve hi fom m o ng a ound t r oxe tona t r ouc d m o e nt m r vi r he oom w ih gue t t ss pr s t Pl ntf a kno e e en . ai if c wl dgest tt y r sr i dhi , a ed hi i 1 g ions sood hi up, ha he e tane m pl c m n e r ,t m and e c t hi t a m e c e ua i s ored m o di al val ton. Pl i if s a l ged f c s e nc t tt de e nt us d f ce i a l w f m a w rwhie a ntf le a t vi e ha he f nda s e or n a ul m l peror ngt i ofiildutes f mi her tca i .Purua t 28C. R.j552. a BOP Pr a Sttme t s nt o F. 20 nd ogrm ae n 55 06,BOP sa fm a us t ne s al f c Eo ga n c r oft i ae,t pr e tand 66. t f y e he ce s y or e t i ontol he nm t o ot c t ens et s f t ofi a e ,sa f a o he s t pr ve ts ro pr ry da a a t e tr m he a e y nm t s t f , nd t r , o e n e i us ope t m ge nd o nsle i tt i s c iy a good or r' The aleg f ce us d a ns pl i ifocc r d w he he ns iuton e ur t nd de . ' l ed or e gai t a ntf ur e n sood u f o a c i a ti d t l ave t i e vi w r ,w hi h a s co ai d co r to l t p r m ha r nd r e o e he nt r e oom c l o nt ne r ec i na ofk e sa guesst t prs De e n sus f r t so pl n ifsm ove e , n hi t t r nd t o he ion. f nda t ed o ce o t p aitf ' m nt pi m o t foo ,s ur l r sr nt ,sa hi up,a tke hi t am e c lexa .Thes f t e nc he l r ec e eg e tai s t nd m nd a m o di a m e acs vi e a good f ih e f tt us r s na e f c i a lwf m a r cor ngl t def nt a e at for o e ea o bl or e n a ul nne .Ac di y, he enda s r e t ldt s mma yj d me t o plitf se h use F ni e o u r u g n f r an if x a td TCA camso b te yb c u eVigna t li f atr e a s r ii 1 w doe notpr de hi a r i . a s ovi m ny elef B. PLAI FF' UNSUCCESSFUL FTCA CLAI SBAR CONSI NTI S M DERATI OF THE SAME CLAI S ON M FI PURSUANT TO BI LED VENSAGAI THE SAME FEDERAL AGENTS. NST El j dg n i a a to u e gh FTCA)s l c n t u eac mp eeba t a y d- u me t n n cin nd r t e -he hal o si t o lt r o n t a tonbyt cama , r s n oft smes ec ma tr a i tt e o eoft ci he li nt by ea o he a ubj t te , gans he mplye he g r ntwhos a toromisonga rs t t cai ' 28U. C.j2676.Plitf ac us ovenme ec s i ve ie o he l m. ' S. anif c es de e f ndan s ofc m itng va i c m o l w t t a r i o de e nt s m e c t om ti r ous om n a or s nd eles n f nda s' a onduc t to a l ge vi a i ofhi ci lrght . A s di c s d s a,de e le ol tons s vi i s s us e upr f ndant a e e il d t s m a y s r ntt e o um r j d me tf rp an ifsc mmo lw tr camsfldpu s a t ot eFTCA.Ac o dn l, u g n o litf o n a o t li ie ru n t h c r igy de e ant s c son pl i ifsFTCA cai ba sc i r ton ofpl ntf sBi nscai f nd s' uc es antf l ms r onsde a i ai if ve l ms b sdo t s mefd r l g n s c nd t Se Un s 5 5F.da 1 2(kT1 epli tfsc o et a e n he a e e a a e t' o uc. e u , 6 3 t 2 i h anif h s o ( pur uet rc am sa i tt f de ala ntde e nt t ough Bi s hei l i gans he e r ge f nda s hr vensa wel asunde t s l r he FTCA,Ass h,t yrs dha ngaj uc he ike vi udgme ont FTCA camso rt t ba t rBi ns nt he li peae o r hei ve t re .'; e ev.UniedStts 343F.Supp. 477,481( . N. 2004) afd 1 F. heo is' Frez ) t ae , 2d M D. C. , f' 31 Ap x 9 0( t Ci. 0 5 ( e c rt (eyngo 2 U. C. 2 7 t b rc n ieaino p' 5 4h r 2 0 ) p r u im) r li n 8 S. j 6 6 o a o sd r t f z o c tt i lBi nscli be us t FTCA cli wer dim is a u xhause purua t onsiutona ve a ms ca e he a ms e s s ed s ne td s n t 28U. C.j2675().Not t t ngt sautr ba ofj2676,pl ntf silfist o S. a) wihsandi he tt oy r ai if tl al o e tbls a e il e t r le vi Bi ns sa ih ny nttem nt o e if a ve . D E ENDANTSARE ENTI ED TO SUMM ARY J F TL UDGM E F PLAI I F' BI NT OR NT F S VENSCLAI MS. Pl ntf f ie t e ai if a ld o xhaus a i sr tver m e e f a lofhi Bi nscli s t dm nita i e di s or l s ve am . Dee f ndant a gue t tpl ntf f ie t ex us hi ad i s r tve r m edi s f hi cl i s s r ha ai if a l d o ha t s m ni t a i e e or s a m t tW e a Shoe a rus d e s i f c t ha uf a e c t m t t i e viw r m ha bb nd m ke e xce sve or e o ndc f nd s or hi o he ntr e oo a t dr wi hi bl wasan unlwf ls ar h a s i tr ThePrs Lii ton Ref m nd hat a ng s ood a u e c nd e zle. ion tga i or Ac pr d t tçl oaci s l bebr t ovies ha snl ton hal oughtwihr s c t prs condii unde t epe t o ion tons r ( v n !. .b ap io rc nfn di a yji, rs no oh rc re to a f clt u tl u h Bi e s ., y rs ne o ie n n alp io r t e o rcin l a iiy ni s c a nitai r medi asar a ia eaee use ' 42U. C.â1 dmi srtve e es e valbl r xha td. ' S. 997e() Thee usin a. xha to r rme i ma or a Ia ist ali t s t a prs lf .' Po trv. se, equie nt s ndat y nd tpple o l nmae uis bout ion iegl' re Nusl 534U. 51 524,532( S. 6, 2002) t ope e usi de ndsc inc wiha ag y' . t r xha ton ma ompla e t n enc s pr dea i sandot cii lpr e alr es' W oodf dv. o,5 U. 81 90( ) When dlne her rtca oc dur ul . ' or Na 48 S. , 2006 . a pr s n pr vi s a a i s r i gre i o o de n dm ni tatve i vanc pr edu e t i at m us f l a g i va e r i i e oc r , he nm e t ie r e nc a s ng apatculrcl m a puruei t oug ala ia elvesofa a t C o rye us.'J ; ri a ai nd s t hr h l valbl e l ppe l o t pel xha t' #= pr Di v. ae,291F. 485,490- ( h Ci. xon Pa 3d 91 7t r 2002) An i t sfiur t e us i a . nmae' al e o xha t s n afima i def ns t ta de e ntha t bur n t pr fr tve e e ha f nda s he de o ove.J sv. k,5 U . 1 21 one Boc 49 S. 99, 6 ( 2007) . To f l e us a Bi nsc a m ,a f de alpr s rm us pr r y r i e hi g i va e uly xha t ve l i e r i one t ope l a s s r e nc ni t a i ogr ; t o h a1lvesoft BOP' A dm i sr tveRem edy Pr am . See28 C F. jj5 10, ! hr ug 1 e l he s R. 42. # . s q. l una e t i or aly r ol a i s a i at m a fl a f m a w rten c pl i on e f bl o nf m l es ve n s ue, n nm e y ie or l i t om a nt f m BP- wihi t nt c e da oft c ane a t l jj542.3- 1 Ani t or 9 t n we y alndar ys he ompli d c. d. 1 542.4. nmae m a a a t w a de sBP- r s ns b flng a BP- O t a r gi y ppe l he r n' 9 e po e y ii I o e onaldi e t w ihi t nt r c or t n we y c e rda oft wade sr pons L- j542.5() Ani t ma appe t r i l alnda ys he r n' es e. ds u 1 a . nmae y alhe egona die orsBP- Or s ns by flng aBP- 1t t BOP' Gene a Cot e wihi t ry c l nda r ct ' I e po e ii I o he s r l ms l t n hit a e r da oft r i ldie t ' fnalr s ys he eg ona r c or s i e pons e.An i a e doesnote us a i sr tve nm t xha t dm ni ta i r m edi s untlt i a e a a ed t g i va t a1 l ve s I e e i he nm t ppe l he r e nce o l e l . d. An i a e m a s p f lng a BP- w ih a wa de i lt i a e r s bl belev t nm t y ki ii 9 t r n f çhe nm t ea ona y i es he is ei snstv a dt imaess ft o welb igwo db plc di d n e i t eglq e t su s e iie n he n t ' a ey r l-en ul e a e n a g r f h re u s be a knowna t i tt i .' I j5 1 d)1.I ta t i t c me t he nsiutonll' d. 42.4( ( ) nse d,he nmae 7FTCA cl m e usi i difr nt Cl ma ss e ngt brnganaci unde t FTCA a i tt Unied ai xha ton s fe e . ai nt e ki o i ton r he gans he t St e f rm one da a smus frtpr s ntt cli t t a o it a y a ha t cl m fnaly de edby ats o y m ge t is e e he am o he ppr prae genc nd ve he ai i l ni t a e c Se 2 U. C. 2 75*; Nel Uni dSae , 0 U. 1 6 1 3(9 3 (idn t t r â he g n y. e 8 S. j 6 ( Mc iv. t tts 5 8 S. 0 , 1 1 9 ) fn ig ha p o q e lia t aeb u db ter q ie n o fl ga i ta cam t a p o raea e c ) ig ns r o n y h e urme t f ii n ni l li o p r p it g n y . t n i 12 m a s i t Req s di e ty t t a opra e Reg ona Di e t . The i a e s l y ubm t he ue t r c l o he ppr i t i l r c or nm t ha l c e ry m a k tse ii 'upon t Reque ta nd expli i m i i t r as n f rnot l a l r û nstve' he s a a n, n tng, he e o o s itng t R e ubm ti he ques a t i tt i I t Regi lAdm i s r tve R e e t t he ns iuton. f he ona ni t a i m dy Coor nat ag ee t tt Req ti s nstve,t Reque ts l be a ce ed. di or r s ha he ues s e ii he s ha l c pt Ot r s ,t Reque tw ilno be a e e a t i a e s lbe a s i w rtng o he wi e he s l t cc pt d, nd he nm t hal dvi ed n ii f t tde e m i ton,w ihouta r t r oft Re ha t r na i t e u n he ques .The i a e m a pur ue t m a t rby t nm t y s he te s ubmitng a Admi sr tveRe e Re s l ly t t W a de The W a d s l ti n nita i m dy que t oca l o he r n. r en hal a l a r as low e onabl e e i oftm e f s h a r s i s on. e xt ns on i or uc e ubm s i I d Bl s m pl c ai ood a e l m The undiput d f c sa pli ifsa nita i r m ed r or s s e a t nd antf dmi sr tve e y ec d how pli tf di no a n if d t tl agreva e a ie i nc boutNur e M e de dr wi bl s mpl sunde W is sChr a off ce' s a a ng ood a e r lon' t e t or .' t Ac or ngl 1fnd t tpl i iff ie t e us hi a nita i r m e esa utt bl c di y, i ha antf al d o xha t s dmi sr tve e di bo he ood s m pl , a dt d fn a t aee t ldt s mmayj d me tfrt i cam. n e n he e e d n s r ni e o u t r u g n o h s li 8 Cl m sr a e t t us off r e ai elt d o he e o c Thedef nda sa guet tpl n ifdi no e us a i sr tver m e e a thow e nt r ha aitf d t xha t dm nitai e di s bou tg l W e a i d t ha i hty bb pple he ndcufsa how W e a Shoe a e c td hi t t i er e f nd bb nd m ker s ore m o he nt viw r m . Pli ifa gue t tdef nda swai d t de e eofe usi be aus t y a gue i oo a ntf r s ha e nt ve he f ns xha ton c e he r d n t i frtmotonf st r j me t tpli ife use hi E r l a s tcli ' her is i or tmmay udg nt ha antf xha td s d al saul am.' ove Defnda sfl amoto f s e nt ied in or ummayj r udgmentast i i ta rs i pla nga her niil eponsve e di nd ms e td t tpl ntf f iedt e us ad i sr tve r s re ha ai if a l o xha t m nita i emedis.Se Fundi Svs. asnc Cor e e nu Le i n. y. h,530F.d 91 96( h Ci.1 (ttnga afimai dee ema ber s dbya Pug 2 , 5t r 976) sai n tr tve fns y aie 8Eve i pl ntf e n f ai if xhause a i sr tver m e esabou t scli ,t defnda swoul ha bee e ildt t d dm nitai e di t hi am he e nt d ve n ntte o q aiidi nt US Le of asweej si e i rq iigpanif os b t oablo ts bae u nter u l e mmu i f y. P e t l r utt d n e urn litft u mit o d et sd po h i ki i beifa t tmet tpl ntf ha bitn W ebbdurngt ale c i . Thetsi wasperor e t deenni le t he i ha ai if d te i he tr aton e tng f m d o t ne w hehe pli ifha a com muni bl die est tc dha be n pasedby ahumanbie, a anur ewihd e t r antf d ny ca e s as ha oul ve e s t nd s t rw t bl w ihouti d o cons que e. he ood t ncient r e nc 13 mo inf rs mmmyj d me twhe i i ad fn a tsiiil la i ) Dee d n s to o u ug n n t s ee d n ' nta pe dng . f n a t s e nty r tne t i a g e a ubs que l e i d he r r um nt boutt s c fc cl i spl i i ff ie t e us . Pl ntf he pe ii a m a ntf a l d o xha t ai i f kne oft gre nc hefld,a not ars prs orprj cee sswhenpl ntf hada w he iva es ie nd mfi ur ie eudi xit ai if n a qua e opporuniy t c pl t l r pond t def nda s as e tonst tpl i iff ie t de t t t o om e e y es o e nt ' s r i ha a ntf a l d o e us a i s r tve r m edi s The e or de enda s di no w a vet a fr a i de e e xha t dm ni t a i e e. r f e, f nt d t i he f im tve f ns t tpl i iff ie t e us ad i s r tve r m e es A c e ulr e oft undi put ha a ntf a l d o xha t m ni ta i e di . ar f evi w he s ed m a e i lf c ses a i he t tpl i iff ie t pr l e us a ia e adm i s r tve t r a a t t bls s ha a ntf a l d o opery xha t va l bl nit a i r m e es i a or nce w ih BOP polc e f a lofhi cl m s e e f t a l ge us of e di n cc da t i i s or 1 s ai xc pt or he le d e excess ve f ce i t i er ew r . i or n he nt vi oom G revance #539303 i The Or gi Com pl i r e e d gre nc /539303,w hi h t BOP des r be a i nal a nt ef r nce i va e / c he ci d s t s a tby SHU s af . The de enda sa e cor e tt t#539303 doe notde c i t û s ul A t f' ' f nt r r c ha s s rbe he handc tng ores tt toc ur ed on J nua y 29,2009,buti t a des rbesonl t e nt i ufi cor ha c r a l ns e d c i y he ve s n t i e v e r .De enda sc ed t tg iva #539303 e used a i sr i he nt r i w oom f nt onc e ha re nce xha t dm nitatve r e e a em di s boutt ale d us ofe es i f r e i t i e v ew r he l ge e xc sve o c n he nt r i oom . G r e nce /531 i va / 258 Pl ntf a s s it d greva e #531 ai if lo ubm te i nc 258,whi h t BOP des i a G / c am s c he crbed s t M l i l a s ule by sa f' nd pl ntf a l esi a utW e a Shoe a rusng e es i f cet s a td tf a ai if leg s bo bb nd m ke i xc sve or o dei rhi t t i e viw r lve m o he ntr e oom.( .sGreva eHit y( 68 1 4. Pli iforgnal Pl' i nc sor no. - ) ) antf ii ly tl d g i va #531 by fr tm aii a BP- O t t Regi i e r e nce 258 is lng I o he onalD ie oron Fe ua y 1 , 2009, rd br r 7 a cli ngit beai e ii 'is .TheRegi lDiecorsOfkerj ce t BP-Oas nd ami t o i nstve'sue s ona r t ' t ee td he I i pr l fl because i w asnota ls tve' i ue, a an i at m us fl a non- ensii m opery ied t tensii ' ss nd nm e t ie s tve 14 g iva c wihawad n u igaBP- f r 28C. R. 5 2.4 d () Th Re in l r co ' re n e t r e sn 9 o m. F. j 4 1 ( )1 . e go a Die trs Ofi et d pl i ift themus frtpr e hi g iva e t t wa de a t n a alt fc ol antf ha t is es nt s re nc o he r n nd he ppe he wa de sde son t t Re onalDie t .Pli tf i no ed t sdie ton a r fld t s m e r n' cii o he gi r c or a n if g r hi r c i nd e ie he a g iv n ewihteRe ina Die t rwh eo fc rj ce t es c n g iv n eo M ac 1 , re a c t h g o l rco , os fie ee td h e o d re a c n rh 6 2009, i ope l fld.The Re onalDie t ' Ofi a n a s pl ntf how t tl a as mpr ry ie gi r c ors fce gai dvied ai if o ie non- e ii greva s nstve i nce.BOP r c dsr l c t tpli ifdi no r iet gre nceor e or efe t ha antf d t efl he iva ot r i epur ue i t he w s s t hough a 1l vel ofr vi . l e s e ew Pli ifa r t thefld a s nstveBP- i Aprl2009 a trt Re o lDie t a ntf ve s ha ie e ii 9n i fe he gi na r c or r t ne t fr tBP- O f /531 e ur d he is I or / 258. Pli ifdi notr c i ar pons wihi f t fveda antf d e e ve es e t n ory-i ys a t n s ntanot rBP- Ot t Re ona Die t . W henpl ntf di nothe rfom t nd he e he I o he gi l r c or ai if d a r he Re o lDiecorwihi f rp fve da , s ntaBP- 1t t BOP CentalOfk e. Pl i if gi na r t t n ot i ys he e I o he r t antf a r t hehasne rr c ve ar s ve s hat ve e ei d e pons fo prs ofk il f an oft e g i va s e r m ion f a s or y hes re nce . ( .sRep.( 97)2. Pl' s no. ) Pli ifscli sdo notove c et BOP r c ds e pecaly snc hedoe notpr vi e a ntf am r om he e or , s i l i e s o d a doc e a i t s ny um nt ton o uppor hi c ai s Re dl s , a ntf ad ishe w a t d f t fve da s t s l m . gar e s pl i if m t ie ory- i y untlflng hi ad i sr tve a i ii s m nita i ppeas butBOP r ultonsr r t a al t befld wihi l, eg ai equie he ppe s o ie t n t nt da ofawa de sde i i a t ry da wihi a Re onalDiecor sde son. By we y ys r n' c son nd hit ys t n gi r t ' cii pl ntf sow n a i s ons he f ied t pr r y exha t/531 ai i f dm s i , a l o ope l us / 258. Gr e nc #541 i va e 457 TheBOP de ci dgre nce#541 a knmaealgest tsafa s ule hi ' ( .s s rbe iva 457 s t t le ha tf s a td m. P1' i ' Gre nc Hit y( 6S- )4. Pli iftl giva e#541 onM a 7, iva e sor no. 1 ) antf ied re nc 457 y 2009, t t wih he Regi lDieco ' Ofi e.Pli ifsg iva wa rjde be a epli ifdi nottl a ona r trs tc antf re nce s ee d c us antf d ie 15 c oft BP- a BP- r ei , a ve i d pho oco oft B P- wih t greva e. Se 28 opy he 9, 9 ec pt or rle t py he 9 t he i nc e C. R.j5 1 b)1 (ttnga a alt t Re onalDie t mus ha ac eec or F. 42.5( ( ) sai n ppe o he gi rcor t ve omplt opy du iaeorgi oft BP- a t W ade srs e) plc t i nal he 9 nd he z n' epons . Pl i ifadm ist the di notpr vi t Re ona Di e t w ih e d e off lng a a ntf t ha d o de he gi l r c or t vi enc ii BP- a utt s g i vanc w ih t w a de asr qui e b t greva polc The BO P do 9 bo hi r e e t he r n, e r d y he i nce i y. es n t v ac p o t sg iv n eb c u eRe in lDie t r o l ke p c pe o rj ce o ha e o y f hi re a c e a s go a rco s n y e o is f ee td gre i vanc s whe t a e ale dl a utC e ii i s s ' Pl ntf pr desno doc e a y e n hey r l ge y bo l ns tve s ue .' ai if ovi s um nt r e de et s vi nc o uppo tt thee use gre nc #5 457and pr de no e a ton f why he r ha xha t d i va e 41 ovi s xpl na i or ha notke c e oft sgre s pt opis hi ivanc be e yond hi cli t tBOP ofi i l ne r s s am ha fc a s ver e ponde d. Acc di l pli iff l t oke comedef nd= t 'e de et thedi note us gre or ngy, antf ais o r e s vi nc ha d xha t ivanc e #5 45 41 7. 2. De e nt a e e il d t quaiid i mt t f pli ifsBi nsc am s f nda s r ntte o lfe m miy or a ntf ve l i . Def ndan sa guet tt Bi nsc am sas e td a i tt m i t i i vi l e t r ha he ve l i s re gans he n her ndi dua c pactesaebardbyt docrneofquaiidi a ii r re he ti lfe mmuniy.Qualfe i t iid mmuniypemis t r t t r ntofki spef mi dicei r f o ...(obe s ededfom la lt f i nme t al ror ng s rtonay undins t 1 hil r ibiiy or gove cvi dama i of a t rconduc doe no vi at cla l e t bls d sa ut y or i l ges ns ar s hei t s t ol e e ry sa ihe tt or c tt i na rgh sofwhih ar s na epe s n woul haveknown.'Ha l v.Fiz r d, onsiuto l i t c ea o bl r o d ' row t ce al 457U. 8 81 ( 982) Quaii i S. 00, 8 1 . lfed mmuniypr desi t ovi mmuniyfom s trt rt amee t r ui ahe han r de e et la lt Thus whe he ade e ntc n c am q lfed i muniyi apur quesi n f ns o ibiiy. , t r f nda a l i ua ii m t s e to oflw a di p o e l d tt i e p era.Sa oe v. t , 3 U. 1 4, 0 01( 0 ) a n s r p ry eem n d rtil u ir Kaz 5 3 S. 9 20 - 2 01 ( fe byPeas v. la n,555U. 223( 9)( r ti l rco t t dic ei t modiid ron Calha S. 200 pe mitng owe urs he sr ton o deemi whih quaii di miypr t a yz frt) tr ne c lte mmt t ong o nal e isl. 16 Onc a de e e f ndantr s st qua ii d i aie he lfe mmuniy de e e, pl ntf be st bur n t t f ns a ai if ar he de o N ' s how t ta de e nts c ha f nda onduc vi a e t pl n i fs rght a t de e ntm us pr t t t ol t d he ai t f ' i , nd he f nda t ove ha t rghtvi a e wa notcea l esa ihedatt tm eoft i de t r evequa iid he i olt d s l ry t bls he i he nci nt o ec i lfe i mmuniy.He yv. t nr Pumel,501F. 37 378( hCi. l 3d 4, 4t r 2007) t-heunlwf ne soft acin . sl a ul s he to mus b a p r n wh n a s se fo tepes ci o a o j cieyr a o a l o t a t e p ae t e se s d r m h rpe t f n b e tv l e s n b e fkil ve c r dwihknowldgeofetbls dlw. hage t e sa ihe a ' 'Lope v. ns n,91 F. 486,489( hCi. z Robi o 4 2d 4t r 1 0) Se Ande s v.Criht 48 U. 635,6 ( 987)CE hi i no t syt ta ofiil 99 . e ron eg on, 3 S. 40 1 - s s t o a ha n fca f aci i pr t c e by qualfe i uniy unl st ve y a ton i quesi ha pr vi l be n ton s o e t d iid mm t es he r c i n ton s e ousy e hel unlwf l...buti i t s yt ti t lg ofpr - xitng l t t lwf nes mus be d a u t s o a ha n he i ht e e si aw he m a ul s t a rnt' Afe rviwi pli ifsalegai ,1fndt tpli iff l t s t ta y ppae .). tr e e ng antf l tons i ha antf ais o how ha n ' de e ntvi a ed a ofpl ntf srght Ac or ngl t de e nt a ee il d t q ii f nda olt ny ai if i s. c di y, he f nda s r ntte o ualfed i m uniy i t i i vi lc pac tesf om da a s f t B i nscl i s 9 m t n he r ndi dua a ii r m ge or he ve am . Ei ht Ame g h ndme e es i f c c am s nt xc sve or e l i A p io e algn e c sief remus o j ciey s o t t d fn a tSnlce rs n r le ig x e sv o c t b e tv l h w ha a e e d n t fitd i u n c sa ya dwa tnpan a ds frng' W hte v Al es 47 U. 31 , 2 ( 9 6 .S e n e e s r n no i n ufei . ilv . b r, 5 S. 2 3 0 1 8 ) e ' W is v.Setr 501U. 29 298( 991 ( di t ta Ei h Ame lon ie , S. 4, 1 ) hol ng ha n ght ndme cl m f nt ai or e e sv f r erq rsa o j cied p iaino ab sch ma n e a dt a p io o fcas xc sie o c e uie n b e tv e rv to f a i u n e d n h t rs n fiil s be t l a tdwihas fiinl c p b esaeo mid .Th rf r ,h prpe i ui i u j ci y ce t u fce ty ula l tt f n ) eeo e te o r nq r s ve y whehe t f cea i wa tn a good f ih e f tt m ant i orr sor dicplne o t r he or ppled s t i at for o i an e t e s i i r m a i i l a s di tca l f rt ver pur e ofca i ha m . W hil y,475 U . a 320- . lc ousy nd a s i ly o he y pos us ng r ' ' te S. t 21 9Pl ntf m a notr cove dam a sag ns t edefndant i t i ofk i ca iis. See e. . FDI v.M e r 51 ai if y e r ge ai t h e s n her t al pacte , c. , C ye s 0 U. 4 , 5 4 4 8 ( 9 4 . S. 71 47 , 8 - 6 1 9 ) Th s b e tv c mp n n e o se ç u h fco sa tene df rt ea plc to o f re te e u j cie o o e t nc mpa s s i c a tr s h e o h p iai n f oc ,h s rlto s p b t e t n e a dt a u to f ret t su e , ndt ee tn o ij r eai n hi ewe n he e d n he mo n f o c ha wa s d a h xe t f nu y i lce ' l a 3 1(n ena q o ainmaks atrto s a dctto o te ) Th o j ci e nfitd. d. t 2 itr l u tto r , leain , n i in mitd . e b e tv ' a elme tge r l r r mor t naX mi mi us off c Huds v.Mc ila 503U. e n nealy equies e ha ni s e ore. on M lin, S. 1 9 1 ( 9 2 .t imaewh c mp an o at u h o s o e ta c us sn ds enb eij r , - 0 1 9 ) % n t o o lis f p s r h v ' h t a e o ic r il nu y An amo t etil fist saeav l g g t Ame d n)e c si f recam. W ikn v l s c rany al o tt ai Eihh d n me t x e sve o c li ' lis . ' Ga ddy, U. S. ,1 S.Ct 11 11 ( 0 . 30 . 75, 78 201 ) Pl ntf al gesexc svef c o un'd whe Shoe a ra W e tght ne ai if le es i or e cc e n m ke nd bb i e d pl i ifsha uf s a t i t pl ntf sa m st e c t a ntf f om t r c ea i ca ; a ntf ndc f nd w s ed ai i f r o s or pl i if r he e r ton ge Lase a StleyG lm m e ' antf i o t c i;Stle putpli ifi achoke dand t r nd il t a s d'pli if nt he har il r a ntf n hol û lmme 'p an ifo t t ec n r t to r a dW e ba dW hi yj mp do p an ifsb c ç a d' litf n o h o c ee l o ; n s b n t u e n litf a k e w ih t i knee a s r c pl ntf i t rbs Pl i iff is t es a i h t tt e de e nt t he r s nd t u k ai if n he i . a ntf a l o t bls ha hes f nda s i lc e c u a unus punihm e ,a t y a e e il t qualf e i m uniy. nf i t d r el nd ual s nt nd he r ntted o ii d m t W eb pl e t handc f on pl ntf t s f l ta por hi 9om t out oor b ac d he ufs ai if o a ey r ns t m he d r c ea i c ge t a i er i w r e r ton a o n nt v e oom i i t pr s Ce t i y, i ha ns de he i on. r a nl tght ndcuf sar ne es a y f e c sr t s f l t a por i a esby m a nt i ng c r ofi a e a ke pi i a esf om m ovi o a e y r ns t nm t i a ni ontol nm t s nd e ng nm t r ng t i a m s. The a us ton t tW e tgh e t nec s a y ha uf s i notis l r p na t he r r cc a i ha bb i t ned he e s r ndc f s t e f e ug nt o t c c e ofm a nd. W e a Shoe ake ' a l d puli on pl i t f ' a m sf t o he ons i nce nki bb nd m r s lege lng a n if s r or w o t e m i e d i ata por t s c ehi c r hr e nut s urng r ns t o e ur s ompla ew a ne es a y t m ant i dici i i nc s c s r o i an s plne a pli ifr pe t dl a e s antf e a e y nd mphai a l t d t s de e tc ly ol he e f ndant hehadno de ie ori en i t s sr nt ton o m eetw ih t FB1agent I lghtof s i r gence,i w asr t he s. n i uch nt ansi t easonabl f t ofi t e or he fcers o antci e physcalresit i pat i s ance f om pl ntff Furt r ai i . hennor t f ce us durng t s e, he or ed i he hort 18 ta po tfom t r cr a i n c get t i er e r r ns r r he e e to a o he nt viw oom wa mi m a t e f c ua epl ntf s s ni l o fe t t ai if compla move nt M or ove , antf di notalget thee re da physc lij y int me . e r pli if d le ha xpe ince ny ia nur fo t ee e t x e tf rt n mb s i hsrg t a d, nij hen v rrp re a dme ia r m h v n e c p o he u ne s n i ih h n a n my e e e o td n d c l sa fne robs r tf ve e ved. Pl i ifsa lga i t tLa t ra Stle Esammed'hi i o ac i doe no de c i antf ' le ton ha se nd ilr tl ' m nt har s t s rbe e e s ve f ce l t ad,pl ntf s de c i i l ng ge ofbe ng tsa m e ' nt t c i xc s i or . ns e ai i f s rptve a ua i ll m d' i o he ha r wiho a c e t ut ny onsquenc prs nt t us ofX mi mi fr e.Se e. , e e e s he e ni s o c e, R.Huds 503U. a 9. on, S. t Stleri a s e il d t q lte i il s lo ntte o uaii d mmuniy be a epl i iff ist s w t theus d t c us antf al o ho ha e exc s i f cei vi ai oft Ei h Am e e sve or n ol ton he ght ndme . Pli tf a t her pe t dl t d nt a n if dmis e a e y ol ofk e sbe or ari ng a t i t r e r t r f e rvi t he n e viw oom t ther f e t s a wih t FBlofk e sor ha e us d o pe k t he t r pa tci t i a w a Pl i ifa s a ist s a ng f om t c i durng t i e v e a t r r i pa e n ny y. a ntf l o dm t o t ndi r he ha r i he nt r i w f e t m an l ' nd t g ous y' r f i t 1 tt m û nt r oga e' hi . l i unde a e t ta t ada ty' a l or l ' e usng o e he i e r t ' m t s vi i ni bl ha prs rwho i handc f d be nd hi ba k i i ar ione s uf e hi s c nsde oom fle wih gue t nottane i ild t ss ri d n c re to a tc niu sc nsilc u eij r t hi efo oh r i pemitdt dos W h n o r ci n l e h q e a tl a s n u y o msl r te s f r te o o. e pl ntf s ood up f om t c i i t i e vi w r ai if t r he ha r n he nt r e oom c t i ng a t neysa a FBIag nt on a ni tor nd n e , Stle ,a wor t putpl ntf i ac ilr t s, ai if n hoke d à dr hol nd oppedhi t t foort i obiiehi s m o he l o mm lz m o o he of i r c d a y l g r t a nt . O f i er es or e pl i ift a m edi le l ton onc t r fce s oul ppl e esr i s fc s c t d a ntf o ca va ua i e he w as s c ed. The m edi ale l ton r s t d i û s gnii a tndi , d a r n e ur c va ua i e ule n t i f c nt i ngs' d ppa e t no ' no dsrs , a dS o ij re . . e n. Th fcse n et tS i e ' us o f rewa n td n ite s' n l nu is . s e ' e a t vic ha tl rs e f o c s o o e ' n ' l m ai i l ors ditcal t c us ha m butr t rwasagood-aih efor t r sor dici i lcousy a si ly o a e r ahe f t f t o e t e s plne. W e a W hie a e s m ia l e il d t qua ii d i m uniy. Eve i W e a W hie bb nd t y r i l ry ntte o lfe m t n f bb nd ty j umpe onpli ifsba k wiht i kne s s h f c wa c it wihag f t efor t d antf' c t her e , uc ore s onssent t ood aih f to m ant i orr sor dici i whie Stlerwaspr cc ed wih r tani pl ntf su r i an e t e s plne l il eo upi t esr i ng ai if ppe bodya ns t foor Pli ifdi nots ti a sgniiantora pariul ,ij r depie gai t he l . antf d usan ny i fc , ny tc ar n uy s t t ale cl e f s e bl st hi rbs a ham pe e abiiy t b ea he a t com bi d f c he l ged os d- i t d ow o s i , r d lt o r t , nd he ne or e fo Silr W e b, n W hie .Heddn t e c iea yij r t me ia saf a dNu s r m tl , b a d ty e i o d srb n n u y o d c l tf, n re M e d d dno o s l ea yij r .Alh u hpanifsae h ddn tfe a yij z a ta t a e i t b e' n n u y to g li tf tts e i o e l n n u. t h t i v y me be a eofadr nalne,hi c pl nt abou ge r s r s i hi ba t eve ua l we c us e i s om ai s t ne al o ene s n s ck hat nt ly nt a yaec n itn wi t eu eoffr ed srb db bohp ris a d j c é mii sij r i wa r o sse t t h s o c e cie y t a t , n u h q nmi nu y s h e c itntwiht d mi mi us off c Ac or ngl t evi nc s onsse t he ni s e ore. c di y,he de e howst tW e a ha bb nd W hil y ac ed i good f t t r t e di c plne a no m a i i l a s di tc ly t c e te t n aih o es or s i i nd t lc ousy nd a si a l o aus ha m . r b. Fit Amend e r t iton cli fh m nt eala i a m Pl i ifalege t tLas e t l d a lbel i i en r por a ns pl i ifbe us a ntf l s ha t r i e i ous nc d t e t gai t a ntf ca e pli iffld ag iva e a i tLaser Pli ifa guest tt lbe o i i ntr po tvi a e antf ie re nc gans t . antf r ha he i l us nc de e r olt s hi Fi t A m e s fh ndm e rght . Cours ge r l tea i a e c ai sofr t i ton w ih s ptcim nt i s t ne aly r t nm t l m e ala i t ke i s be us tgl yac ofdicplnebyprs ofiil i bydei to Sealaor i t s ns t t ca e lever t s i i ion fcas s fniin rt it y'n he e e ha i r pondst prs rmic t es o ione s onduc . Coc a v.Moni ,73F. 1 0,1 7( h Ci.1 ) t' hrn ' s 3d 31 31 4t r 996 ; Ada v. c 40F. 72,74( hCi.1 .Tos ce donar t itoncam vi Bi ns ms Rie, 3d 4t r 994) uc e ealai li a ve , pl i i fm us a l ge f c s s f c en t de onsr t t t a l ge r t lat y a tW a t ke i a ntf t le a t ufi i t o m ta e hat he le d e a i or c w s a n n r pons t t e r s ofa c tt i lypr t c e rghto t tt a tis fvi aed s h a es e o he xe cie onsiutona l o e t d i r ha he c tel ol t uc rght' A da s 40 F. a 75. The ea t r pl i ifm us de ons r t t the s f e s e i .' m , 3d t r fe , a ntf t m ta e ha ufer d om a rei c ora t lij y.ACLU ofM d.I v. i mi Cnt ,999F. 78 785( h dves mpa t cua nur .nc. W co co v. 2d 0, 4t Ci.1 ) Pli ifmus pr e s cGce de ei sa ihgng t tbutfrt rtlaor r 993 . antf t esnt pe i vi nc s tbls i ) ha e o he eait y 20 motve,he c i t ompl ne ofi i nt...woul no ha oc ure ' W oodsv.Sm ih, F. ai d nc de d t ve c r da ' t 60 3d 11 ,11 ( h Ci.1 ) Pli ifc nnotr yo concus yalgai ofrt iton. 61 66 5t r 995 . antf a el n l or le tons ealai A da s 40 F. a 74. m , 3d t La t ri e il t qualfe i m uniy f rt s c a m . Pl i if st m por r l sof s e s ntted o ii d m t o hi l i a ntf e a y os p i lg st b yc mmis r ie o us t p o ed e n t o siuea a t a ij r , n h rvi e o u o say tms r e he h n o s o c n tt t n cu l nu y a d e e doesnotpr s nta hi m or t n a c l or a l ga i ofr t la i Furher o e a t i e e nyt ng e ha onc us y le ton e a i ton. t m r , c s n r t la i f usng gre ncepr edur do notgi rs t a Bi nsr t la i c am be a e e a iton or i i va oc es ve i e o ve e a iton l i c us i t sdono ha aco tt to lrgh t aprs g i ncepr dur I Pl ntf a g s nma e t ve nsiu i na i t o ion reva oce e. d. ai if r ue t the s a esa c a m ofr t la i be us ot rcou t f o ot c r uisha hel t t ha tt li e a i ton ca e he r s r m her i c t ve d ha r t la i f t lng a g i vanc i a l lpos i lt Eve as um i a c ndo,t tLase e a i ton or i i re e s ega s biiy. n s ng, r ue ha tr r t la e a i tpl ntf f f lng a g i va ,s h a a tw oul notha be n a vi a i of e a i t d ga ns ai if or ii r e nce uc n c d ve e ol ton c e ry esa ihed lw be a e,a pl n ifr ognies va i c t ha r c dif r nt l a l t bls a c us s aitf ec z , rous ours ve ea hed fe e c n lso so teis .Co r Rh de v. bis n, 08F.d 5 9 5 8(t Ci. 0 9 o cu i n n h sue mpae o s Ro n o 4 3 5 , 6 9h r 2 0 ) ( di plitf saedacli wheehealge prs ofi al detoye pr ry,hrae d hol ng anif tt am r le d ion fci s sr d ope t t e tne ta fr a a s tdhi i r t iton frtlnggreva ea l ui) wih Ada ,40F. a rnse , nd saule m n ealai o ii i nc nd aws t, t ms 3d t 70(i ngi tsdonotha ac tt i lrg t a es gre epr e zes.Se fndi nmae ve onsiutona iht o cc s ivanc oc dlr ) e Edwadsv.CivofGol bor 1 F.d231, ( hCi.1 Cdfarghti r c z di r t ds o, 78 3 251 4t r 999) l i s e ognie n s ot rcic tbutnoti t sone a ofi al(nt scrui)wilor naiyr t nt ome he rui, n hi , n fci i hi ic t l di rl eai he g lfe i quaiidl mmuniydefns ' t e e. ). c . Bysa rla lt a s r s y la lt c am s t nde i biiy nd upe vior i biiy l i An ofi erma belabl o at or ofbysa rlabiiyi he:ç( knowst taflow tc y i e n he y tnde i lt f t1) ha el ofke i vi ai a i viua' consiutona rght ( ha ar as bl o runiyt t r s oltng n ndi d ls tt i l i s;2) s e ona e ppo t t o 21 prve t ham;a ()c e nott a t' Ra lv. i Ge ge' Cnt , d.302F.d e nt he r nd 3 hoos s o c. ndal Prnce or s v.M , ' 3 188, 4( hCi. 2) Pli ifmus pr avi ai ofcvi rght asapr rquiiet 20 4t r 200 . antf t ove olton i l i s ee st o esa ihi abysa rla lt cli .W ilsv.Oa , F. tbls ng tnde ibiiy am li kes 493 Supp. 776,78 ( . Va. zd 4 W D. 2007 . ) Pl ntf f is t es a ih t ta de e ai if a l o t bls ha ny f ndan vi a ed a c vi r ghtand,t ,c nnot t ol t i li hus a esa ih bysa rla lt Furhe mor net rFBIAge Sna norAUSASLeea t bls t nde i biiy. t r e, ihe nt pp nd J obs n wer çf l of i e s'o a tng asc r c i ac e e lelow f c r ' r c i or e tonalof i r w ih a dut t ac ,w hi h i fce s t yo t c s ne e s r f rb t rla lt Le J c e a Sna we e gue t a U SP Le t i er e c s a y o ysande ibiiy. e, a obs n, nd pp r ss t e o nt viw pli ifa uta i si ton. Ac or ngl bysa rla lt c antf bo n nve tgai c di y, tnde i biiy annotbe i mpos o t m . ed n he Pl i ifsm iary f ist sat acai ag ns O ' in a W is a a s r iorora antf i l l a l o t e l m ai t Bre nd lon s upe v s bysa .Super ior la lt unde j 1 ma notbepr di tdont t or ofrs tnder vs y ibiiy r 983 y e cae he he y e ponde t a s p ro .S eMo l v De to S . r s, 6U. 6 8 6 3n7( 9 ) Plitf fist u eir e nel . p' f oc Se v .43 S. 5 , 6 . 1 78 . an if al o s how O ' i n' or W is n' pe s na f teihe ba ed on pe s lc Bre s l o s r o l aul t r s r ona onduc ora he ' co uc t not r s nd t i exe uton ofO ' i sorW is spolcisorc t . Se Fiherv.W a hi on n c i Bren' lon' i e usoms e s s nzt M er ia Ar Tr nstAut .690F. 1133,1 42- ( hCi.1 ,a ogae onohe topoltn ea a i hor, 2d 1 43 4t r 982) br td t r gr oundsbyCnt ofRi ri v. c uc i 5 U. 44( 991 (i ngt tj1 rquiesa v. ve sde M La hln, 00 S. 1 ) fndi ha 983 e r s howi ofpe s lf ul ont pa t ade e ntet rba e on t def nda ' perona ng r ona a t he r of f nda ihe s d he e nts s l c onduc ora hersc t not ' onduc i e cuinoft dee n' polcesorc t ) Se alo t n xe to he fnda ts ii usoms. e s Fame v. e n,511U. 825,8 40 (994)(i ngt tc e1w i vi j1 3cams r r Brnna S. 39- 1 fndi ha as a nvol ng 98 li i a i bl i Bi a tonsa vieves ) s pplca e n vens ci nd c ra. 22 11. 1 Fo t f rg igr a o , ga tp an ifsl to t s b ttt a dj i te'ntd r he o e on e s ns 1 rn litf noin o u si e n o n h U ie u St t s Le J obs n,and Sna asdef nda sa t r i t t J a e , e, ac e pp e nt nd e m na e he ohn Does a de e nt . l s f nda s as g a td f n a t' to sf rs lo r n e e d n s moi n o umma yj g n a dd n panifsco smoinf r r ud me t n e y litf r s- to o p ril u r u g n .I n a mo t litf' moin frac p o ac riidmal a t s mmayj d me t de y s o p an ifs t o o y f e t e i a o f r e p 1 a d s rke pl ntf ' fr t uns g d r s ec i t 0 n ti ai if s i s , i ne e pons lt de e nt 's em e a m oto f el o f nda s uppl nt l i n or s mmayj d me t u r u g n. The Cl r i di e t d t s c esoft s M e or ndum Opi on a t a co pa i e k s r c e o end opi hi m a ni nd he c m ny ng O r rt pl nt f and c de o ai i f ouns ofr or f de e nt . el ec d or f nda s ENTER: i l Mdyo Mac, 0 2 Ths c a f rh 2 1. t Se rUnied St t sDiti J ni t a e srct udge 1 pl ntf r quesed ac oft ce tfe m ai r ei t c cul ew he deenda s'r pons sw oul bed . 0 ai if e t opy he riid l ec pt o al at n f nt es e d ue Be us t deenda sar dy r ponde t t Ame ca e he f nt lea es d o he ndedCo ai ,ldimispl ntf r ques asmoot mpl nt s s ai ifs e t . 1lo d rdplitf osb t sg e rs o s t d fn a t' u plme tI to frsmmayj d me tb c u e 1 r ee anift u mia in d ep n e o ee d ns sp e na moin o u r u g n e a s t tr s ns di notha hi sgna ur Fe . R. v. l () Plitf s sq e tyfldane r so s wi hs ha e po e d ve s i t e. d Ci P. la. anif ub e u n l ie w ep n e t i h sgna r Ther or Isrkehi prorr s et tdi no ha hi sgnaur andconsde hi sgne r pons . i m e. ef e, ti s i e pons ha d t ve s i t e i r s i d es e 23
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