-RSB Hash v. Johnson, No. 7:2010cv00161 - Document 58 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 2/28/2012. (tvt)
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v * rp sO FCEU:DS ' 'I d v AF I N ilm .I TR A 6K VA n ' O . % , FIED L I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTER N DI STR I O F VI G I A CT R NI FE2 23 2 1 22 JULI C. A B K R oanoke Di s on vii L P;VN* G jj : ) M IC H AEL W A Y NE H A SH , C i lCas N o.7: 0- vvi e 1 c 00161 Pe ii , ttoner M EM O M ND U M O PI I N N O V. G EN E M .JO H N SO N , DI RECT O R O F V I G I A R NI D EPAR TM EN T O F C O R R ECTIO N S, By: Jam e C .Tur s k Seni Unied St es Di tri Judge or t at s ct Res pondent . Thi matrc sbeor t Cour onPeii rMiha lW a Has s(sls 'or s te ome f e he t ttone c e yne h' t-a h' l ' ei o e' peiin frawrto h b a c r u pu s a t o2 U. C. 2 5 .Rep n e t s l tt n r' t o o p i ) t i f a e s o p s ru n t 8 S. j 2 4 s o d n ha move t dim is Ha h a lgest thehasbe n i prs nedi vi a i o hi rg t due d o s s . s le ha e m io n olton f s i ht o pr e sbec us t Pr e ton a t Cul pe a t rtesco e l d t ra r nge e w ih oc s a e he os cu i nd he pe r u ho ii nc a e hei r a m nt t pr ec inwine sPa Ca tr(i re ',a mor ge rly,e edi apa tr o nonos uto t s ul re ECatr' nd e neal ngag n ten f ) dic os ea dec pton durng t pr ec ton ofHas sc s Ha h f t raleg t thi s l ur nd e i i he os u i h' a e. s urhe l es ha s ti c ral ouns lr nde e c tt i ly i f e tve a s s a e ofc e e r d ons iutona l ne f c i s it nc ouns lby f ii t i tga e e a lng o nvesi t Ca t and f lng t pr e a a t m a e t or oft c i e a ti . Fort r s nss a e rer aii o es nt n le t he y he r m t ral he ea o t t d he en, s sr ue tf ha sr lefwih r s tt e h ofhi c am si GR ANTED. r i Ha h' eq s or bea ei t e pec o ac s li s 1. Background and ProceduralH i t 1 s ory Thehi t y oft sc e i e e i Bec us t a ys st son s ii s a e e s s or hi as s xt nsve. a e he nal i una pec fc t t m nt m ade durng ti and t i ony f om t sat and f alhabeaspr i r al estm r he t e eder oceedi t Cour begi ngs, he t ns lA lhoug t sCour uli ael c ude t tt V igi aSupr Cou tsl alco l inswe ei r c, t e t h hi t tm t y oncl s ha he r ni eme r' eg ncuso r ncore t h V igi aSupr Cou tc r f l r vi dt r c da t sCou tha boro e he viy fom iscog f t r ni eme r a euly e ewe he e or nd hi r s r w d a l r t ent ac s cin S eHahv. r o teDe t fCor.6 6S. 2 20 , 0 -2( . 0 9. e t . e s Di. fh p'o rs, 8 E.d s 2 9 1 Va 2 0 ) o 1 k' a ? wih ahi he lve over iw oft c s t g re l ve he a e.M o es ii de a l and ve ba i sae e t a e r pecfc t is r tm t tm n s r r s r d f pr s nt ton i t a o i t a l i s c i . See i r Se tonsl Ia l . e e ve or e e a i n he ppr pr a e na ys s e tons nf a c i l nd V A. ProeeduralH i ory st OnFe r ay9 2 01 aj yc n ce Ha ho c ptl r ro Th l B. co gn b u r , 0 , ur o vitd s f a ia mu de f ema S r g is (t r ns).Peii rwa s ntnce t lf i ionme wihou t posi lt ofpaol û oggi ' ttone s e e d o ie mprs nt t t he sbiiy sc r e. Att tmeofSc oggi 'mur ri J y 1 ,Ha hwa ffe ye r ol Has wasnot he i r ns de n ul 996 s s i ten a s d. h c r d wih t mur ru i 2000, n hewa nie e n yea sol Prort Ha h' til ha ge t he de ntl whe s n te r d. i o s s ra , Has sc dee nt J o Kl y(% l ', stida a te ofScoggi mur r h' o- fnda , as n ob $ oby' wa re nd cquitd ) r ns' de. Ha ha ae hi co ci i t Cic tCour ofCul pe Co y(l pe Cic t s ppe ld s nviton n he rui t pe r unt i cul per rui Co l l oteCo r o Ap e l o Vigna whc afr dt etilc u tsj d me ti a uf't h u t f p as f r ii, ih fime h ra o r' u g n n n unpubls opi on.Ha hv.Commonwe lh, 1 - - 2002W L 2004853( CtAp ihed ni s at No. 290014, Va. . p. Se .3, pt 2002) TheSupr Cour ofVigi ade e Hah' peiinf rappe la peii f . eme t r ni nid s s tto o a nd tton or r he rng. e ai The e fer Has f l d a pe ii f ha a c pusi t Cul rCic tCour . I t t r a t , h ie tton or be s or n he pepe r ui t n ha peii hea lge it rai ,t tt Pr ec i a t Cul pe a horte ha vi a e hi tton le d, n e la ha he os uton nd he pe r ut ii s d olt d s rg sby( )fii t dicos r or ofc rs enc ordic sonswihCa t a ut iht 1 alng o s l e ec ds ore pond e s usi t rer bo Ca trse catonofas ntncerduci i e ha f hi t tmonyagans Hah;( re ' xpe t i e e e ton n xc nge or s esi i t s 2) f lngt dicl ercodsofCa trshitr a a i onua ;( usngCa trstsi ywhe aii o s os e r re' soy s n nf nt 3) i re ' e tmon n teCo n at k e o s o l h v k o ta s c tsi n wa p ru e ; 4 h mmo we l n w r h ud a e n wn h t u h e tmo y s ej r d ( ) h s g e tn t tej r t a Ca trc udn t e u ehi fd rlsne c b a ssigp o e u o s u g sig o h u y h t re o l o rd c s e ea e tn e y sitn r sc t r i asaec t s ;a ()f lngt dicos de swihW e klyr gadi hi tsi n tt our ca e nd 5 aii o s l e al t a e e r ng s etmonyi n Has s c e a hi e c a i n ofl ni y. Ha h a s a l ge t thi t i lco elwer h' as nd s xpe t to e enc s l o le d ha s r a uns e c tt i lydefce f r()f lngt i si t e de eofohe s pe t i t cae,() onsiutonal iint o 1 aii o nvetgae vi nc t r us cs n he s 2 2 fiigt ds o e lteswrte b Ca trt afd rl itit o r j d ea doh r s e ig al o ic v r etr itn y re o e ea d src c u tu g n te s e kn n asitnc i o ani as ntnc r uci i hi fdealc s ,a ( f lngt prs nt ssa e n bti ng e e e ed ton n s e r a e nd 3) aii o e e e d nce t tH a h w asm ove f o Cul pe t t Al m a l - rotes le R e ona J i i vi e ha s d rm pe r o he be r e cha l t vil gi l a l n or rt e de o xpos H a h t Ca t r e s o re . l isunpubls d l t o ni t Cul pe Cic tCo tde e a 1ofHas scam s nt ihe eter pi on, he pe r r ui ur ni d 1 h' li . Fis , he Cul perCic tCour hel t ta t ugh ti lc rt t pe r ui t d ha lho r a ouns ' pe f els r onnanc w a de i e e s fci nt wihrg r t c u e ' fiu et ivetg t Catr Hahh df i dt pr v p eu ieu d r t e ad o o ns ls alr o n siae re, s a al o o e rj dc n e e Stikl v. a hi on,466U. 668( 984) ( aeHa asCi. .Op. t1 1 .Se rc and W s ngt S. 1 . Stt be r Ct a 4, 6) cond, teCup p rCic i Co r f u dta Peiin rh dn tp o np eudc wihrg r t h stil h le e rut u to n h t tto e a o rve rj ie t e ad o i ra c m s ' f l e t pr s nte de t tHas w a r l a e fom Cul pert t A l m a l ot els aiur o e e vi nce ha h s e oc t d r pe o he be re- Cha l t s le Re onalJ i f t pur eofbei e rote vil gi a l or he pos ng xpos d t known prs i or a t Ca t . e o ion nf m n , rer (d. 1 .Thid,wihr r t Ha h' tilco e' fiur t prs nta atr t t r of l at 6) r t egad o s s ra unsls al e o e e n lenae heoy t c i e t Cul pe Cic tCour he d t tt i ves i to cond t d by Has st i he r m , he pe r r ui t l ha he n tga i n uc e h' ral c el ras ea t i r uli tilsrtg wa ra ona e (d.a 1 1 .Fi ly, ouns was e onabl nd her es tng ra tae y s e s bl. l t 8-9) nal t Cul pe Cic tCo the dt tt r wa i ufi e tpr ofmic uctwih r ga dt t he pe r r ui ur l ha he e s ns fcin oof s ond t e r o he Co n at ' d aig wi Ca tr (i a 1 )2 mmo we l s e l s t re. J t 8 . h n h Ha ha p ae teCule e Cic iCo r' j d me t ot eS p e Co r o Vigna s p e ld h p p r rut u t u g n t h u rme u t f r ii. s The Supr m e Cour ofV igi a' r vi w w a lm ie t t f l i a s gnm e s o e r r 3 e t r ni s e e s i t d o he olow ng s i nt f r o : The c r ui c t r e i de ng ha asr le on Cl i A i c t our e r d n nyi be e i f am r r ng S nic ' e tm o f om Pa Ca t ra r lng t t ega di ' t h' t s i ny r s ul r e nd u i ha , a t ugh couns ' peror a e w a consiutona l de i e , lho els f m nc s tt i ly fci nt t r wa no r as bl pr ba lt o a dif r ntr s t he e s e ona e o biiy f fe e e ul. 2TheCul pe CicuiCour' de son as i l d r i o i uesnotr se i t f der ha aspr edi pe r r t ts cii lo ncude ulngs n ss ai d n he e al be oce ngs a notc i e byt sCour. nd onsderd hi t 3H ah' Peii f Appe i l d s ve a mor as i s s tton or al ncude e r l e sgnment ofer notgr ntd byt V igi aSupr Cour. s ror a e he r ni eme t 3 2. Thec te r d i f ii t gr ntha sr i s ii a l on our re n a lng o a bea elef pecfc ly Cli A( ) wh ntep o e uinu e tep ru e tsi n am 4 , e h r s c to s d h ej rd e t y mo ofPa Ca t r ul r e . Has 68 S. 2d a 21 A st bot a s gnm e sofe r , he Supr m e Cou tofV igi a de e h, 6 E. t 2. o h si nt r or t e r r ni ni d H a h' pe ii a af im e t Cul pe Cic tCo t Spe fc l t Supr m e Co tof s s tton nd fr d he pe r r ui ur . cii aly, he e ur Vig ni hel t tHas hadtno m e t bur n ofs r i a d ha h t t t he de howi ar s bl pr ba lt t t butf ng ea ona e o biiy ha , or c ouns ' e r i f ii t i s i a e t f de alfl a us t l te s t f t ri pea h els r or n a lng o nve tg t he e r ie nd e he e t r o urhe m c Ca tr t ti wo dha ha adifr n rs t' i a 21 Reg di t s c a sgn nt re ,he ral ul ve d fe e t e ul. 'l t 6. ar ng he e ond si me ofer ,heSupr Cour ofV ig ni hel t tbec us Has f ie t pr s nta e de eof ror t eme t r i a d ha a e h a ld o e e ny vi nc at earng a e ntwiht f rlpr e ut t ma aRul 35( moton ..Has ha ç -ra ed greme t he edea os c or o ke pr e b) i . h s f ie t e t bls t tCare ' t tm ony w a f l e 'a c eque l û he e c n be no w a t a l d o s a ih ha t r s es i s a s ' nd, ons nty, t r a t yo e t bls t tt pr e uton kne ofa a l ge f l iy.' 1 a 2 1 s a i h ha he os c i w ny le d a st ' d. t 7. On Aprl1 201 Ha h tmel fld a f de a pe ii f wrtofha asco pusbe or i 5, 0, s i y ie e r l tton or i be r f e t sCou tpu s tt 28U. C.j225 OnJ y2,201 Has flda ame dpeii The hi r, ruan o S. 4. ul 0, h ie n nde tton. c a m s s tf r h i Pe ii ne ' a e d pe ii a e a f l s l i e o t n tto r s m nde tton r s olow : Cl m I Peii ne ' tilco e r nde ed c tt i l ai A: tto rs ra uns l e r onsiutonaly i f tve as i t nce ofc nefec i ssa ouns whe t f ied t i tga e el n hey a l o nves i t a i pe h t Com m onwea t s ke w ine s Pa Ca t r a nd m ac he lh' y t s , ul re , jih u es ic ' alo s nth , Cli I Peii nersti lco e r nde ed c tt i l a m B: tto ' ra uns l e r onsiutonaly i f e tve a s s a e ofco elwhe t f l t pr s nt ne f c i s i t nc uns n hey aied o e e e de r buti t Com m onw e lh' m ulipe pe r t t or vi nce e tng he a t s t- r t a or he y oft c e a e de e i rm i tng a alema i s pe t he as nd vi nc nc i na i n t l tve us c ; Cl i IA : The Com m onwea t vi a e Pe ii r sdue pr ce s am I 1h ol t d ttone ' o s r g sby conc lng of e soff vor bl t e t e t m uli e i ht ea i fr a a e r a m nt o tpl pr e uton w ine s s a os c i t s e ; nd Cl i 1B : The Com m on ea t vi a e Pe ii ' due pr ce s am 1 w lh ol t d ttoner s o s r g st ough t Cul pe She if sD e rm e ' i pr pe a i ht hr he pe r rf ' pa t nts m o r nd of ensve i tgaton. f i nvesi i ( . 122) Subs nty,heCour gane Peii rsunoppos dmoi f balsis DktNo. - . eque l t t r td ttone ' e ton or litc tsi ( . 28 , g a e Peii rsor moi f f t rdicovey,( . 34) etng, DktNo. ) and r ntd ttone' al ton or urhe s r DktNo. . Bot pa tesfl d di pos tve m otonsa t Cou the r a gum e on J nua y 24,201 Pror h r i i e s ii i nd he r ad r nt a r 2. i t or la gume ,Peii radvie t Cour t tRe po o a r nt ttone s d he tha s nden ha c t d once Has sa lt t ded h' biiy o s o c us a dprj d c wi rg r t Cli lA.( tNo. 3 . h w a e n eu ie t e ad o am l Dk . 5 ) h B. H as s C r m i T r al h' i nal i At ra, s wa rp ee tdb c u t p one c u s lRihadDa i (6 vs' a d tilHa h s e r sn e y o r a p itd o n e, c r vs $ i' n Da ) M ihae T. me y (slmen y') hwasar t i M a 2000,ne ry furyeasafe c l He nwa û-e wa '.Has l resed n y al o r tr Sc oggi 'J y 1 6 m u de . The f r tde y a s g d t i s i t t c e,l tga or r ns ul 99 r r i s put s i ne o nve tga e he as nves i t Da dCa tr(inve tgaorCa' r', ncl dt tasngl a s ia hadcommitdt c i , vi re s si t 1e' co ude ha i e s alnt l t ) te he rme basdont c i s nee de .( aeHa asH.Tr a 250,255) Oneoft s pe t e he rme ce vi nce Stt be .t . he us cs de l wasBil Sc t(d ot',bu t ca ewe c d.(d.a 258 .I Nove r1 9, veoped ly ot $Sc t' t he s nt ol 1 t ) n ) mbe 99 a n w S eif see tda dh r vstdt ec s .(elisAf. t 6 .l v si ao Sc t e h rf wa lce n e e ii h a e J l n f a ! ) n e tg tr ot e k J rki (snvetgaorJ nki ' a l tgaorJ me Ma (dnve tg t M a k')weet et ns ç si t e ns' nd nvesi t a s ck ' siaor c ' r he l ) l ne de i sas i ne t t c s The w e e r pons bl f de opi H as a a s pe t w pute s g d o he a e. y r es i e or vel ng h s us c . D urng ti lt Pr ec i pr e e e d nce t tSc oggi w asf i r a he os uton es nt d vi e ha r ns ound de d i he a n r home, vi s f r df g hotwoundst t he d.Thr e oft f s swe et t lf ha ng ufe e our uns o he a e he our hot r o he e t s de ofSc o ns hea a one wa t t ba k ofhe he d. I s i at J nki t s ii t t i r ggi ' d nd s o he c r a nve tg or e ns e tfed ha t onl DN A f he y ound a t s e be o d t t vi tm a t ta t t he c ne l nge o he c i nd ha lhough fve tnge prnt w e e i i r i s r r c r d, m a c w ase rm a Furher no fr r wasr o r d a t c i e s e t t e ove e no t h ve de. t , iea m ec ve e t he rm c ne ha m ac t . c i rbulesr c r fom Sc oggi 'body. thed he 22 albe l t e ove ed r r ns The Pr e uton ha no phys c le de c os c i d i a vi nce onne tng Has t t Sc oggi m ur r A s ci h o he r ns de . a r ul,t Pros i reled on t t tm ony oft ee key w inessest prove t rcase:tan es t he ecuton i he es i hr t o hei ç 5 'ye t s , ErcW e e (; e kly' ' h' co i AlsaShelon(û t ''a Ca tr e wine s' i akly CW a e ') ' ) Has s usn, e i t tShelon' > nd re, ) a know n prs i or a ,t w hom H a h ha a l ed y c es ed t c i e. ion nf m nt o s d leg l onf s he r m W ea e t sii d t the Kl a Has a tc d Sc oggi a t tHa h s kly e tfe ha , oby, nd h ta ke r ns nd ha s hot Scoggi tgj cei t sdeoft he d ..gl l tsde' ( ilTr a 595 .W e klyas r ns dtwi n he i he a . the ef i . Tra . t ) a e lo ' sa e t tKl s heri a oxi ael t s mepl c a t n fr t l s s i t ba k tt d ha oby hot n ppr m t y he a a e nd he ied he a t hot n he c ofhe he (d. t596- . r ad. I a 97) Shelon t s ii t ton t ni Sc oggi w asm ur r s ove he r H as a t e tted ha he ght r ns de ed he r a d h nd Kl a Ha h' hous t ki a utSc oggi a how Che we egoi t do i t ght' nd oby t s s e al ng bo r ns nd d y r ng o t oni 'a t ta Ha hs i th ys ul ma eh rs fe. 1 . t5 2 .S etnas tsiidta s esw h t s ad d e ho d k e u fr' d a 4 ) h l lo e tfe h t h a t '( o thebl c rfo ( s s hous 'pakednea Scr i 'hous .(d.a 5 .Fi l Shet t ue a r m Hah'l e' r t r oggns e I t 44) naly, lon t tfe t ton a l t rocc i s ,K l es ii d ha ae ason he oby,a Has r t i b c e t a c c ne r nd h ode he r i ycl s o hur h a Sc ogg ns hous a a t ttmeKl t d he how hea Has hadent e Sc oggi 'hous r i ' e nd t ha i oby ol r nd h er d r ns e a s the.(d.a 8 - .Shet sae t twhe Kl s i t ss l da Has a nd ho r I t 08 09) lon ttd ha n oby ad hi he ooke t h nd het d dhi he a s i yesyea '(d.a 81 . nodde s ad nd ad - h. I t 0) ' Care t tfe t twhiehewa i a c r t i t Al m a l cha l t s leRe ona tr esiid ha l s nc r e aed n he be re- rote vil gi l J iHahwastheonl whiedudei ourc lbl k. (d. t726 .Catrsaedt tHa h al s ç t y t n el oc ' l a ) re tt ha s ' c e s d t t m ur r s ng he k hott l dy t c ' us d a . 2 c lbe gu a t the ûg onf s e o he de , ayi t s he a wi en e 2 a i r n, nd ha ' t ot a i ave cl he tuc orwhae rs ha t ve cl ..'(d. t727- .Catrf t way n hi e, r r k tve he d,he hi e ..'l a 28) re urher t sii dt tHas s i he ha c e tfe ha h ad d omm it dt mur rwih t ot ri vi l a t thi te he de t wo he ndi dua s nd ha s cousn i styi t t lonhi wha ha ne a utt whol c ea e r hi ' (d.a i ç r ng o el wa m t ppe d bo he e as nd veyt ng.' I t 7 ) Re r ngt tmi ofHas sc esi Ca trsae t tHa hc ese t hi i 28. gadi he i ng h' onf son, re ttd ha s onf s d o m n t i, a aoundt tar 'of20 (d. t7 .Thee de es dt tonM a 24, t lM y, r Apr ha ea' 00. I a 30) vi nc howe ha y 6 2000, s wasta f r e t t Al ma l - rote vil Re onalJ i and t tCa trfr t Ha h r nse r d o he be re cha l t s le gi al ha re is c a t d I t g t s J nki a M a k on J ne 2 2000. ont c e nvesi a or e ns nd c u 6, On c os - xam i ton Has st i lc r se na i h' ra ouns le i t i ons s e i s i Ca t r s sa e e e lcied nc i t nc e n r e ' t t m nt r ga di t numbe oftmesHa hha s Sc oggi .Howe r whe as d i heha a sse e r ng he r i s d hot r ns ve , n ke f d s it d go l e on prorocc i ns Ca trtsi d t theha o y dones on oneproroc so vemm nt i aso , re e tfe ha d nl o i ca i n. (d.a 736) Ca trwasnoti c dont spoi ;depiet fc t tha Has sti l t . re mpea he hi nt s t he a t ha d h' ral c ouns i tga e t y w oul ha f und e de e t tCa t rw a a pr ii i or a . el nvesi t d he d ve o vi nc ha re s olf c nf m nt4 Reg di hi t tmony a Has sti ,Ca trsatd t tat h heha a ke t ar ng s esi t h' ral re t e ha lhoug d s d he Co m onwea t sI s i t s t who he ha s ke abo Has sc es i t s a t t m lh' nve tga or , o m d po n ut h' onf s on, o pe k o he U. Ator o hi be l,hel siaor çdi tt kt hi '(d. t734) W he as di S. t ney n s haf t nve tg t s k dn' al o m. 1 a ' . n ke f t pup os ofhi c he e s onve s tonwih t l tg t swa t po e ily r ducehi s nt nc r ai t he nvesi a or s o t nta l e s e e e, Ca trr po dt re es nde t wha, s..'(d. 737) Ne rhel s o r - r tt Pr e utrwa some tye .. I at . ve t es, n ediec he osc o s ' a e t r ha lt t Ca t r st s i ony w ih Ca t r s a w e t ti w ashi unde s a ng t thi bl o e biia e r e ' e tm t re ' ns r ha t s r t ndi ha s t s i o i t s a e c tpr e di aga ns Has di notha a i pa to hi f der l e tm ny n he t t our oc e ngs i t h d ve ny m c n s e a sntnc (d. t740 .Onr cos , s sc e c i duns e sulyt i c e e e. 1 a ) e-r s Ha h' ouns l ontnue ucc s f l o mpea h Ca trstsi ny.W he as wheheras tnta asitnceorRul 35( moi smpl re ' e tmo n ked t ubsa il ssa e b) ton i y r ui e t l ng t pr e orw ih t ca e ' Ca tr a w e e d h,t t s a f de alc e. l eq r d k pi he os cut he t he s ,' re ns r d t Yea ha ' e r as t don' synot nga utsaec e. (d.a 741. t a hi bo tt as ' I t ) ' The Pr ec i n' ca e a s r le on Has s sa e e t t t polce a hi own os uto s s l o e i d h' t t m n s o he i nd s t s i ony a t i l Spec f c ly,H a h sa e t ti t be nni t m i e pa tof 1 he e tm t ra . ii a l s t t d ha n he gi ng o ddl r 995 4EVi ei cae t tCa trpr de i onnaton o t tmonyt ti plc t a las t e ypeopl i atlas denc ndi ts ha re ovi d nf i r esi ha m iaed t e t w nt en e t tredfee tfd rl rsc t n .( re S ne cn He rTra 57 .CatrSaeHa e sDe . .t1 -3 * h e ifrn e ea po e ui s Catr e tn ig a. .t -)( re tt b a p Tr a 92 ) o , , ( re S ne cn He rTr a 7 ( Asitn U. Aton ysae Catrç a ehmsla albe..oa y o y Catr e tn ig a . . t ) An ssa t S. tr e ttd re l d i ef v ia l .t n b d m a de ey o yi t lw e fre n c mmu i wh nh flh h ds meifr to ta wa h l u.) n v rb d n he a no cme t o nt e e et e a o no main h t s epfl'. y ' ld e , uigt sg n rli p ro Ca trwrt:t' n tsiln ov llwi ti ci lf.l utf dtig n e d d rn hi e ea tme eid re oe t m o tliv led t hs rme ie j s i hn s l h n o tt c t t d wn'( re 580 Letrt 0. r) u o u my i o . Ca tr //0 te o Wae. me ' tl e wihKlb a dW e ke a o tr b igs me n i teae .(d. t1 5 ) Ha h ak d t o y n a ly b u o bn o o e n h ra l a 1 3 . s e ai d t tKl by a W ea e w a ed t r b s e xpl ne ha o nd kl y nt o o om body who w oul notputup m uc ofa d h tght (#=a 115 .Oncos -xn nainHa ha te t theha ta s d'Kl a i . J .t 3) r se mi to s dmitd ha d dsume ' oby nd W e klyweetliga o t n odld .(d a 1 5 ) Ha has tsiidt a Klb me to e a e r akn b u a l a y I . t 1 3 . s lo etfe h t o y nin d t r r a s c tm ei at l he obbe y e ond i n eephonec onve s to a afna tme S e r mont down t r ai n, nd i l i t ve al s hs he r a t ay a ltri t mal'(d a 1 5 ) Ha hd ne a yp riiaini t mu d ra d o d o e r ae n he l. l . t 1 4 . s e id n a t p to n he r e n ' c t tfe t theha t dKl hedi notdwa t ha a hi t dowih i. (d..Atno esiid ha d ol oby d t nt o ve nyt ng o t t' 1 ) ' poi durng t polc i e r to o durnghi ti ldi Ha h a tt plnni t m u de nt i he ie nt roga in r i s ra d s dmi o a ng o r r anyone. Ha h' de ens a ti i ude t si s s f e t ral ncl d e tmonyby 1 wines e .Has sc 8 t ss h' ouns lemp sz d e ha ie t c r di t y na ur of She t sa W e kl st tm ony a H a h t s i i d i hi ow n he onta c or t e lon' nd a ey' esi nd s e tfe n s d e e. W he a ke i he s torha a hi t do w ih Sc oggi 'm ur H as a w e e ef ns n s d f hoo d nyt ng o t r ns der h ns r d S ol el no.'(d. t11 .W he as dd a tmedi youmakeasae n ora k ut y t' l a 32) Abs n ke s ny i d at ttme t n a s i t t sM r Pa Ca trt tyou s M r . r nso kil d he ofa hi lke dmison o hi . ul re ha hot s Sc oggi r le r nyt ng i t t'Has a wee C sr'(d.a 11 ) ha?' h ns rd t i. 1 t 41. No, ' H a h' c s s ouns la s putf wa d a albide e e s pore by t t s i ony ofs r l e lo or r n i f ns , up t d he e tm eve a wine ss Has tsiidhewa a t homeofhi betfind,W ila Blt 11(ç 1y',a t se . h etfe s t he s s re lim ihe I ( l ' t Bi ) t tmeoft Scoggi 'mur r (#s t11 .Howe r Has alotsiidt theha he i he r ns de. J-a 30) ve, h s e tfe ha d i ta l t d polcet the w a wih Be r y R os nf l hi gilr e a o t tm e oft nii ly ol i ha s t ve l e e d, s r f i nd r und he i he S r g ismu d r (d a 1 3 ) Ha he p an dta h h dtl poieta h wa wih co gn r e .1 . t 1 6 . s x lie h t e a od l h t e s t c Ros nf d be us when fr tas d ' ha wa t be tlc d r ole tofwhe e lwasdurng e el ca e is ke t t s he s oul ec lc t r i t tpei oft ts ha rod ha umme . (d.a 11 . Hef t re ane t thehadt di si t s r' 1 t 43j ' urhe xpli d ha ol nvetgaor a benga Bil shous Shes ondtmet ivesi t stl dt ( ml' t twas bout i t ly' e s ec i he n tgaor ake o hi 'but ha t t a t e t e t f we ksa trlwastrti e v e 'a afe heha s n wih t ybe hr e, hr e o our e fe m is nt r i wed' nd tr d poke t Bil (d.a 11 50) s stsi nywa c rboae byt tsi ly.I t 49- .Ha h' etmo s oro rtd he etmonyofhi parns( =a s e t J .t # 8 - 846- 1 1 75 . 4344, 48, 072, 074- ) Has sti lc h' ra ouns lc l W ila L. ihe Bil sf t r a Si i Blt Bil s e aled lim Blt , ly' a he , nd eglnde ihe, ly' mot r t c r a eHa h' a i .Bil Blt wasc ld asar buta wines f t he , o orobor t s s lbi ly ihe ale e t l t s or he Pr ec ton.Ea h t tfe t tHas wa a t i ho ei M ic l Vigi a hel ng Bil fx a os u i c esii d ha h s t he r m n thel, r ni, pi ly i br nlwntacor (d. t872,879- ) W ila Blt wascos -xa ne a t hi a lt oke a r t . l a 880 . lim ihe r se mi d s o s biiy t rcaldeal o t we ke (d.a 876- .Si lndeBlt wa as cos - mi da t o e l tis f he e nd. l t 77) egi ihe s lo r sexa ne s o he a lt t r c l de al oft we ke a ast he a lt t r c l t pa tc a we ke r biiy o e a l t is he e nd nd o r biiy o e a l hat riul r e nd outoft ma he s n a Hahhads ntt t r (#aa 88 8 885 .Bil Blt ,whe he ny r o nd s pe ogehe . J .t 2- 4, ) ly ihe n quesi tonedby t Pr ec i n, e tfe t the i tal co dno r c li hea Ha h ha he os uto t sii d ha nii ly ul t e al f nd s d wokedont ta t ont we ndoft 1 hort 1 hofJ y.(d. t1 7) Oncos r he rcor he eke he 3t he 7t ul 1 a 21 . r s e m i ton, w e r he t tfed t tH a h wasa hi hous t w e ke oft Sc ogg ns xa na i ho ve , es ii ha s t s e he e nd he r i mu d r (d a 1 2 ) re. I. t 2 2 . C. Has sSt t Habe Pr ee ngs h' a e as oc di l hi s a e ha aspr e di H a h r s d pr e t i lm i c n s t t be oc e ngs s ai e os cu ora s onduc c a m sa s ve a t l i nd e r l i f e tve as i t e ofco elc ai s Afera l w i Pe ii rt c ne f c i s sanc uns l m . t lo ng ttone o onduc s e di c r t om s ove y, t Cul pe Cic tCour hel a e d nta y he i o O c o r 1 a 17 2007. A he pe r r ui t d n vi e i r arng n t be 6 nd , sgnii a que ton a t she i wast r ltvei ra ea c e biiy ofCa tr s i tc nt si t hi arng he ea i mpo tnc nd r di lt re ' t s i o aga ns H a h. Bo h pa te s i a e t Has sexhi t , hi h i l d c esoft e tm ny i t s t ri s tpul t d o h' bis w c nc ude opi he ltest a Ca trh dwrte t J d eM ih e, fd rldsrc c u t u g , n oh r etr h t re a i n o u g c a la e ea itit o rj d e a d te t i vi sconcer ng Cart s s ence r ndi dual ni er' ent educton. I t al Carer wr e 25 l terst Judge i n ot , t ot et o M ihae a ot r , 1co eni hi û35b)moton't ha hi fdea s tnc rduc di c l nd he s a1 nc r ng s 1 ( i 'o ve s e rl ene e e e n 9 lghtofhi tsi ony i Ha h' til Fi oft elte swe ewrte be or Ca trt sii a i s e tm n s s ra . ve hos etr r it n f e re e tted t H ash' Febr y 2001 ti . s uar r al I tga o sJ nki and M a t s ii d a t hea i W he as d i Ca t rha a ke nves i t r e ns ck e tf e t he rng. n ke f r e d s d f a s nt nc r duc i i e ha e f rhi t s i ony a i tH a h,l ve tga orJ nki s a e or e e e e ton n xc ng o s e tm ga ns s n s i t e ns t t d t tCa t rl a e ust s a w ih t pr e ut ha i hi c e t s a on hi be l ' t ha re d nt d o pe k t he os c or ndlng s as o pe k w s ha f bu t tCa trC t d we c n' ha a hi t do wih a f c i hi - hi c et thewa ha re d was ol a t ve nyt ng o t fe tng s s as ha s fcng. ( aeHa sH. .a 37) I siaorJnki as t ttedt thewa i taly a i ' Stt bea Tr t . nve tg t e ns lo esii ha ' s nii l s ptc lofCa trst si ke i a re ' e tmony,b be mel s s tc whe hela ne Ca trssae e t ut ca e s kep ial n e r d re ' tt m n rfrnce t smec i wea a t we poni t Scoggi mur .(4,a 42) eee d he a alber pon s he a n he r ns der L t . Howe r whe quesi d a ve , n tone boutt e tc e t ofCa t ' sa e e ,t e de es we he xac ont n s rers tt m nt he vi nc ho d Ca trsae t tt mur rwe po wa a . c lbe ha un, re t td ha he de a n s 22 a i r ndg wheni f c t balitc e r n a t he lsis xpe t c l t we ponwa mos lkeya. c i rrfe ( i Tr a 44) oncuded he a s t i l 22 albe il. Tral . t . l tga orM a k' t s i o w e t t r l tve i r a e ofCa t ' t s i o I nvesi t c s e tm ny nt o he e a i mpo t nc rer s e tm ny. n rs ns t quesi a t tsi epo e o tons bout he etmonyhega a CatrsRul 35( heai l siaor ve t re ' e b) rng,nvetg t M a k s a ed t tCa t r wasa is t nta w ine s' nd a ee t to e Ca t rbe m e a c t t ha re iubs a i l t s ' a gr d ha nc r e ca wine si t ha djt wa hel da t c e. ( aeHa asH.Tr a 73-4) t s ti ngel he y ooke t he as ' Stt be c ' .t 7 . lvetg trMa k frh rsae t ttec s wa tfy' t j s S l n a dW e ke a n siao c u te ttd ha h a e s s f'wi u t het n a ly s i h o wine s s (d..Theta ci oft Rul 35( he ng, mitda a exhi tdtrngt t se. I ) rns rpt he e b) mi ad te s n bi li he e de i r he r ng,s w e t tCa t rw a o i na l s nt nc d t 1 0 m ont ,a t ug he vi nta y a i ho d ha re s r gi ly e e e o 8 hs lho h i tal fc dt posi lt ofamaxi s ntnceoflf i prs ( tr35b)H.Tr a niily a e he sbiiy mum e e ie n ion. Care ( .t l . Theta ci f t rs 8) rns rpt urhe howedt tJ M iha g a tdt Rul 35( motona ha udge c el r ne he e b) i nd Care ' sntnc wasr uc dt 60mo hs (d. t20,whihwa a oxi t yt a untof trs e e e ed e o nt ,1 a ) c s ppr mael he mo tmeCare ha s r e (#. t1 . i tr d e v d,J-a 3) 10 Ha h' tilco elalot sii d a t he rng.He e y wa r s i ef t s s ra uns s e tfe t he a i m nwa s e ponsbl or he i si ton ofCa tr Het tfe t thehadi or ton a nve tga i re . esiid ha nf ma i boutCa trbe or ti l i l ng re f e ra , ncudi t f c t tCa trwas&abi dr g de e a t theha c he a t ha re t g u alr nd ha d oope a e be or a t theha r t d f e nd ha d rd c dhss ne c b s do t a c o rto ' ( tt Ha e sH. . t 4 .He n y e u e i e tn e a e n h t o peain. S ae b a Tr a 21 ) me wa ' a it d t the di notob ai Ca tr sf de a fl pr ort Has s c e, pie i be ng a S d dm te ha d t n re ' e r l ie i o h' as des t t i ç goo i a'odos a t tt l t si t fl weeS tntal us ul' (d. t1 79) Howe r de 't o, nd ha he eter n he ie r k e ily ef .' l a 78- . po ve, He e y di no be ivet ti c os - xa ni Ca t hene de t us t lte s be a e m nwa d t le ha n r se mi ng rer e d o e he et r , c us Catrtle fe l a o thsj5 11moina dhsRu e3 ( )s b tn ila ssa c moin re ak d r ey b u i K.. to n i l 5 b u sa ta s itn e to a Catrd eranl di tde i t theha r duc dhi sntnce'(d. t21 .Davsalo nd re i ti y dn' ny t ha c d e e s e e .'1 a 5) i s t sii a utt i e tfed bo he mpora e oft lte si Ca trsf de alfl . Da ssaed t the wa tnc he e tr n re ' e r ie vi t t ha s a r ta Ha hwa iv l di afd rl r gc s .Heas sae t a tloo i ga g re ') wa e h t s s n ove n e e a d u a e lo ttd h ts l k n t ca trs l fl you c d l a n s ie oul e r omet ngspe ha 'a a te t tha ngCa trsl te swoul ha hi r ps' nd dmitd ha vi re ' et r d ve bee û l hepf .'I a 1 . n ç ' l ul'(d. t 05) vey No hels , vi di no bei veCa trst tmony wast onl i poran e de i net e s Da s d t le re ' esi he y m t t vi nce n t Com m onw e lh' c s buthi o ni a t t m os i po t ntevi nce i t c e he a t s a e, s pi on s o he t m ra de n he as vaclae Da se anedt tt r s hedic e t t tmony ofCa trwasbec us is il td. vi xpli ha he ea on s ountd he esi re a et to e s t lea d y uk o ma b t a j t o sfo mypes ci ea alwy rwh t o a y o i n , o n w, y e h tus c me r m t rpe tv s a e o deaswihpe pl lket t' (d.a 1 .Da ssae t tihebi es pi et twet l t o e i ha- l t 49) vi ttd ha ' gg t ec ha hough ' t t t twasdi f entf om our c s a K l s c s wasnotM r Ca t rbutM r Has s s a e e t' ha fer r a e nd oby' a e . re . h' t t m n .' (d.a 13 .Spe iialy, vi e ese c ena utHas ssae ntt t polc bec us l t 7) cfc l Da s xpr sd onc r bo h' ttme o he ie a e i i ve dl lnni wiht ot rt youngme t goou a r o1 pe e. (d .Da s t nvol d tpla ng t he he wo no t nd ob d opl ' L=) vi ' a s t tte s e ha c r c i hi pr o t s i ony,t tW e kl w ast S gg t' l o esii d, om w t ontadi tng s i r e tm ha a ey he k es' bi wine st a eW ea e ( qt onet ts lwast ea Is w t sha n a lsw t s i us bec kly was he ha ays her nd a hi ppe nd a wh ddwh t' (2, t1 2 .He n ytsi dta h dd ' thik ( eCo n at jh d o i a. 1 a 4 ) me wa e tfe h t e in tc n t ' t h mmo we lh a apa tc a l sr c e' a t tt c e û a r tfe w ih ha ng M r Ca t rc e f r a d.' ri ul ry t ong as ' nd ha he as t s a ii d t vi w . r e om o w r ' (d. t1 ) l a 39 . D . New Evi dence U ncovered D uri FederalH abeasProceedi ng ng Thi Cour alow e H a h' co e t c s t l d s s uns l o onduc a tona di c r durng t f de a t ddii l s ove y i he e r l ha a pr e ng . The ne e de e i s m a i d be ow . be s oce di s w vi nc s um rze l 5 Ca t s Expe ato Re di ki Te tm o i t H a Cas r er' ct i ns gar ng s s i ny n he sh e Has ha pr e ed e de e t tCa t rt tf e f l e y a ti lw he he s a e t he h s es nt vi nc ha r e esii d a s l t r a n t t d hat e xpec e t hi ' n e ha e f hi t s i o Com m o e lh' A tor y G a y Cl e td ç not ng' i xc ng or s e tm ny. nw a t s t ne r os (t t commo alh' Ator Cl e' now c nce st tt ssae ntwasnottuhf .( os nwe t s t ney os ' ) o de ha hi ttme rt ul Cl e Dep,Tr a 1 .Se aloVa Sup. .OrlAr Tr a 27- Commonwe t sAtor yCl e . t 02) e s . Ct a g. . t 28. alh' t ne os a s c ede t tt sa e e hem a i cl i a g lo onc s ha he t t m nt de n osng r umen r ga di whehe t r wa a d l t e r ng t r he e s ea f Ca tr st tmony wa mil a ng be a e,at or re ' esi s se di c us lhoughhedi notknow a t tme,Ca trs d t he i re ' fdeals ne wasconne tdt hi tsi e r e tnce ce o s etmonya i tHah.( os Dep.Tr a 11 20) gans s Cl e . t 9- . Fur he m or I tga orJ rki hasa it d t r w a a d lw ih Ca t r f rhi t s i o t r e, nves i t e l ns dm te he e s ea t re o s e tm ny prort H a h' ti l A tt St t Habe he r ng i O c obe 2007, nvesi t J ki t s ii d i o s s ra . he a e as a i n t r l tga or en ns e tfe ta $Pa l rejwa t l wec nth v a yt n t d wihafcigh s.. a e'( tt h t d u Ca tr s od a ' a e n hig o o t fe tn i . c s . S ae ( ' Ha a H. .a 37) l hi f erlde ii I tgaorJ n nsrviwedt lte hewr e be s Tr t . n s ed a poston,nvesi t e ki e e he etr ot t Cart ,w hi s at ,di l' everasked by t U . Ator i yourcase,Iwilt lhi what o er ch t es tf m he S. t ney n l el m youdi 'a tsii t tt o lkewha lwoul ha s d. (e ns3/2/ lte t d' nd etfed ha d unds i s t d ve ai ' J nki 1 01 etr o ' Catr;(e nsDe Tr a 1 .Alo, ns wnCm e ' saeme t tl o'Jnki ha rel J nki p. . t 40) s whe ho rs tt nt ha t t e ns s sc t 5TheCou tr ognie t ts eas t oft e de epr e edi t ss cton wer pa taly de opedi t r ec z s ha om pecs he vi nc es nt n hi e i e ri l vel n he sa e ha a pr ee ngs t t be s oc di . ag ee t tl t t pr ec ori a ked f rmy s ke, e nss d,& don' t nk t two d ha r d o a k o he os ut f s o a J nki ai ç l t hi ha ul ve bee ale.lt nkt tc dha be n s d,ye . (e nsDe Tr a 1 . n i hi ha oul ve e ai s' J nki p. . t 45) ' 2 Ha h' T a se t t eAl e re cha lte vleRe i n lJ i wJ&Orhe tae . s . r nf r o h b ma l- rots il g o a al '. c sr td & ' ' Pro t t f de a ha aspr e ngs Cul pera horte de e a s i r o he e r l be oce di , pe ut ii s ni d ny ugge ton t t s i ha H a h w asta f r ed t t A l m a l - rote vil Re ona J lt puthi i c a twih s r ns e r o he be r e cha l t s le gi l ai o m n ont c t known prs i or a t Ca tr ion nf m n , re .The e de e s vi nc howst tHa h wa i t Re onalJ i f onl ha s s n he gi al or y t ni sa s ntt s c nihti ac lbl kwihCa tr Shife'Af.a !5,1 ) wo ght nd pe he e ond g n el oc t re.( flt f t t 1. Sherf Le Ha t(t rifHaf'a te i hi afi vii col ci wiht s pr e di rif e r ssherf l l dmitd n s fda t n me ton t he e oc e ngs t tHahwa trnser dfo t Cup p rCo nyji t ac re to a fcly i t e ha s s ûa f re r m he le e u t alo o rcin l a ii n h t t Ch rots i eae ..a di wa (iju d rtndn tep r o ewa t o ti if r to b alte vl ra . n t s h s n esa ig h u p s s o ban n omain y l t i oma fom Has ' ( r Af.a !5) She f Hatf t rsaedt thewa not he nfr nt r h. Ha t f t . nif r urhe tt ha ' s c o t e a horzi t ta f ra t d t i si t rt i e k a horzai fom omf rabl ut i ng he r ns e nd ol he nve tga o o s e ut i ton r s Co n at sAto n yGayCls b f r s i ta fr' ( r Af. t!6 . S b e u nl, mmo we lh' t r e r o e eo e ad rnse . Ha t f a ) u s q e ty ' a t rr vi w i She ifH a tsafi vi,Comm onwe t sA to ney Cl e hasad it d t tHa h f e e e ng rf r ' fda t alh' t r os m te ha s wa ta fredfrt pur eofe i hi t t k s rnser o he pos xposng m o he nowni or t Ca tr ( os Eraa nf man, re. Cl e rt) (i s mepoi i tme lasumeprort t ta fr Iha ac rai wihBr Ca û o At nt n i , s i o he rnse, d onve ston t uce ve wh r i h tl met t h Sh rf sOfiewa ti kn a o tmo i Ha ht aji wh r e en e o d ha t e eif fc s h n ig b u vng s o al e e t r wasas t '. hee nich.) ' J. ThePr e i Faie t Dicos t De wih We e Hi Te tmon os cuton ld o s l e he al t aklyfor s si y ThePr e uton f ie t dicl e ade lwih W ea e m a f hi t si os c i al d o s os a t kly de or s e tmony agans i t Ha h.A Vigi aStt Polcerpor tldbyAg ntW a Cawie(d ntCawie'onJ s r ni ae i e tie e yne r l i Age r l') une 1 2000,i c t t tçErc W e kl y' a t ne ha be n i neg i ton w ih t 5, ndi a es ha ç i a e s tor y s e n ota i t he Com m o e t s Ator y t m a a de whe e W ea e w o d t s iy a ns Has a nw alh' t ne o ke al r by kl y ul e tf gai t h nd Klb . ( r l 6 1 / 0Re r a 2 .Ho v r t i i fr t nwa n tds ls du t J l o y' Cawie / 50 po t t ) we e ,hs no mai ' o s o ico e ni uy l 28,2011. 4. W eakl y H as Recant H i St em ent Implcatng H ash e ed s at s i i W e kl y' s or a f da ts a e t thehasno pe s lknow l dge oft m ur rof a e s w n f i vi t t s ha r ona e he de Scoggi a nor a ont bele Has ha a hi t dowih i.( ea e Af. t!2) r ns nd e s o ive h d nyt ng o t t W kly f a . Furhe ,W ea e s a est ta lt det is o t Sc oggi m ur rw e e pr de t hi by t t r kl y t t ha l he a l f he r ns de r ovi d o m he Cup p ra t o iis ( e ke Af. t 5 .I h sfd r l e o iin,n e tg t r a k le e uh rte . W a ly f a ! ) n i e ea d p st l v siao M c o t siid t thea I si t J nki d y ha ' s e tfe ha nd nve tga or e ns t ma ve' hown ErcW e kl ypit e fom t i a e c ur s r he ci s e ( a kDe Tr a 6 ) M oeove,lvesi t J nki ha now saedt thedi rme c ne. M c p. . t 9. r r n tgaor e ns s tt ha d notw a t a r s H a h ba e on She t a W ea e s sa e e t be us $ h w ines e led nt o r e t s s d lon nd kl y' t t m n s ca e 6 b0t t s s i nume o tm e i dic sonswih 1w e or e e tofi i s.. To t sda ldo notbele t r us i s n s us i t a nf c m n tcal .. hi y, ive he sor t ytl -t tt e te boysmude e ThemaScog ns- i plusbl '(e ns t y he od ha hre e nage r rd l r gi s a i e. Jnki ' Af. t 6 . fa ! ) 5 Tle Pr s cuton Faie t D i c o e W e e a She t ' Pol a Re uls . t oe i ld o s ls akly nd lon J ygr ph s t Bot W e kly a Shet f ie pol a e mi to r ga di t rsae e s h a e nd lon a ld ygr ph xn nai ns e r ng hei t tm nt i iatng Has The ee mplc i h. s xamswe e n dicos d t Has r ot s l e o h.Comm onweat sAtor y Cl e lh' t ne os a t W e kly' r ulswer e ul t y.( os De Tr a 30) Ac or ngt Age dmis a e s es t e xc paor Cl e p. . t . c di o nt Ca wie, c r ii d pol a e i r She t n' t tr s t s w ed t ts wasde ptve on r l a e tfe ygr ph xam ne , lo s es e uls ho ha he ce i e r s ngl q ton a ke a ve y i e ues i s d bouthe s a e e i plc tng Has A ge Ca wie c m e e r t t m nt m i a i h. nt r l om nt d t tt nybody t tf ie t e m i ton t t se e woul tbe a ve y c e bl w ine si ha t a ha a l d he xa na i o hi xt nt dn' r r di e t s n myopi on. ( r l De Tr a 55 .l si trM a ks i t i lghtofShelon' f l ni ' Ca wie p. . t ) nvetgao c ad hatn i ' t s aied pol a iwoul ha be a opraet Ce- l t e r hi (he e rs i ' ( c ygrph,t d ve en ppr it o t evauae veyt ng s j ve ad. Ma k r ' De Tr a 51 . p. . t ) I St I. andards ofRevi ew A. Sum m ary Judgm entStandard S mmayj d me tma b g a tdo l wh nih r i nog n ieds u ea t a y u r u g n y e rne ny e t ee s e un ip t s o n t maeilfc a dt emo n i e tte t j dg n a amatro lw. Fe R. v P. 6 a . tra a t n h va t s n ild o u me t s te f a ' d. Ci. 5 () ' M oet na o p sn n raiei r q r dt d fa amoin frs mmayj d me t e a s r ha n p o i g artv s e uie o ee t to o u r u g n b c u e Sl he o i pa testlt difrn sores oneofwhihi bltntyc r cedbyt iwl n pposng ri el wo fee t t i , c s aa l ontadit he rc r , ot a n r a o bej r c udb le ei, c u t ho dn t d p ta v rino t e e o d s h t o e s na l u y o l eiv t a o r s ul o a o t h t eso f h fcsf rp r o e o r ln o amo inf rs mmayj d me t'S o t Hars 5 0U.. 7 a t o u p s s f uig n to o u r u g n . c t v. ri, 5 S 3 2, ' 3 0( 0 7 .An oh r s S r p rys p o tdmoinf rs mmayj d me t wil o b 8 2 0) t ewie s o e l u p re to o u r u g n ' ln t e p ' d fae b t ee itn eo meeya yfcu l ip t, omatrh w mio ; ah r So ny ee td y h x se c f r l n a t a ds ue n te o n r rte ,s l l l diput sove f t t tm i hta f tt out om e oft s tunde t gove ni l w w il s e r ac s ha g f ec he c he ui r he r ng a l p o e l p e ld t ee tyo s mmayj d me t' An es nv Lie t Lo b l c, 7U. r p ry r cu e h n r f u r u g n. d ro . b ry b y.n .47 S. ' 2 2, 4 - 8( 9 6 .Towi sa das mmayj d me tmo in t en n mo igp rymus 4 2 74 1 8 ) t tn u r u g n to ,h o - vn at h t pr eco pe e te de e s fce t r ve t e se eofage neis ofma e i f c oduc m t n vi nc ufi int o e al he xitnc nui s ue t ral a t f til Thomps v. oma Elc. or ra. on Pot c e PowerCo.31 F. 645,649( hCi. 2) Net r , 2 3d 4t r 200 . ihe c l o y a l to nort p oduc i n ofa S e e s i il ofevi nce ' n s onc us r lega i ns he r to i r c ntla m de ' i uppor ofa nont mo n p ry' c s s fie t fr sal u r j d me tJ. l c s swh r ih r s l i vig a t s a e u fc s o o etl s mmay u g n .Jo n a e ee ' e e ut s t o vo s'b s do tepla ig , u r u g n s o db g a td Bo tc v Se n o , b iu , a e n h e dn s s mmayj d me t h ul e rn e . sik . tve s n ' 589F. 1 1 ( h Ci.2009) 3d 60, 65 4t r . B. AED PA ' D ef S erentalSt i andard ofR evi ew Unde t Antt r im a Efeci De t Pen t Ac of1 (û r he ierors nd f tve ah aly t 996 I AEDPA', be s ' ha a ) r i i avaiabl onl i a pettoner' convi ton w asobt ned ti vi aton oft Cons iuton elef s l e yf ii s ci ai sn ol i he tt i orlwsorte te oft Unie Stts'28U. C.j2254.Specfc ly,hewrtma no be a rais he td ae . ' S. iial t i y t grnt lwihrs c t a cl m t twa a j diaedont meis'n saecou tu e st a ed t t epe t o ny ai ha s d u c t he rt'i tt r nls he saec u t du iain( )te utdi ad cso t a wa c nrr t , ra u ra o a l tt o r aj dc to 1 ç s le n e iin h t s o tay o o n n e s n be r a i a i n of cl a l e t bls d Fede a l w ,a de e m i d by t Su e e Co toft pplc to , e r y s a i he r l a s t r ne he pr m ur he Unie Stts'28U. 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The Supr m e Cour hasex a ne t tt nt a y t ' nd û e s bl a i a i 'ha e t pl i d ha t r r o' a t a ona e pplc ton' ve co unr difrntme ni i t c e ofj2254.A saec r de iin i ûc r yt ' e ry fee a ngs n he ontxt tt ou t cso s ûontar o'cla l e t bls d f der ll w i i S pple a l e t tc r di t ' t g s a i he e a a f t i i s ' ha onta c s ' he over ng f de a 1 w ass tf t a ul ni e r l a e orh b t SuprmeCour' c es W ila v.Ta o , U. 362,404- ( y he e ts as , lims ylr 529 S. 5 2000)ori t sae , f he tt c tç ci sac edifrntyt n(heSu emeCou tha jdo onas to mae ily our d de as fee l ha t pr de r s ne e f tral i si s bl fcs'Belv.Con 535U. 685, ( ) W hee ,asaeco tde ii nditnguiha e a t, l ' e, S. 694 2002 . ras tt ur cson i an ç r a ona e applc ton' off de all w i t sa e c tl or e ty i ntfe t s d e s bl un i a i ' e r a f he t t our t r c l de i i s he c g r ng l ga nle buta i s i unr as bl t t f c sofa pa tc a prs r s c s . .or ove ni e l l pple t e ona y o he a t r i ul r i one ' a e . i unr as bl i r f i t e endt gove ni lgal i i et a c e i whih t e s e ona e n e usng o xt he r ng e prncpl o ontxt n c h prncpl s dha c r ld. Conawa v. k, F. 567,581( hCi. i i e houl ve ontole ' ' v Pol 453 3d 4t r 2006) Se . e as Loc v rv An rde 5 U. 6 , 6( 0 3 (se to 2 5 ( )1 p r t afd r l o r t lo k e . d a , 38 S. 3 7 2 0 ) û cin 2 4 d ( ) e mis e ea c u to s gr ntha sr le bas d on t a i a i n ofa g m i l ga pr nc pl t a s toff c s a bea e i f e he pplc to ove ng e l i i e o e at difr tfo t eoft c ei whiht prnci ewa amounc d.'. feen rm hos he as n c he i pl s l e' ) A fderldititcour sti i rviw ofasaec tudg ntmus af dt sae e a src t itng n e e tt ourj me t for he tt c t tnni to deee Se 28U. C.j225 * .TheSuprmeCour hade anedt t our dee nain frnce. e S. 4( e t xpli ha j225 d co ansat ghl defrnta sa r f e l i saeco tr i 't t 44) nti d y ee il tndad or vauatng tt- ur ulngs'ha hi tdem andst ts at courtdeci i be gi t benettoft doubt.' W oodf d v.V i ci t, s ha t esons ven he i he ' or s oti 6Bec s Pettone doe no a guet s a e c tmadean tu e ona e de er i ton oft f c s,'t Cou t au e ii r s t r he t t our tnr as bl t m na i he a t ' he r doe note s numer t t s cii soft tsa r he ei a e he pe f c ha t nda d r n. 5 7U. 1 , 4( 0 2 ( rc ra (n en l u tto mak o te ) I d e ,ntec s o a 3 S. 9 2 2 0 ) pe u im) itr a q oain r s mi d . n e d i h a e f n t C nr s na e a i ton' t Supr m e Co t e a ne t tbe us a t pplca i m us ' ea o bl pplca i ' he u e ur has xpl i d ha ca e n d i ton a t b tb e t l u r ao a l' b f r ac u t yg a t a e sr l f C e o j ci y n e s n be' eo e o r ma rn h b a ei ,I ve ' e AEDP tu i o e a A h s mp s s ' g y de e e i ls a r f e ua i s a e c t ulngs '' R e c v. t,1 S. .1 hi hl f r nta t nda d or val tng t t - our r i .' ni o Le t 30 Ct 855, 186 ( 0) Sc iov. 2 201 , hrr Landrg n,55 U. 465,473( . ia 0 S. 2007)( i k e ona ea iain' notng t as bl pplc to ' unr i notsno s y nymouswiher be us çll quesi unde AEDPA i notwhehe afdeal t ror ca e tthe ton r s t r e r co t le st sa ec t de e m i to wa i ore tbu whe he t tde e m i to wa ur beive he t t our' t r na in s nc r c t t r ha t r na in s s unras bl as bsa ilyhi rt es d' . e ona e u tntal ghe hr hol ' ) C . St t e ofLi i atons a ut m t i Un e 28U. C. 2 44 *, peiin rh so ey a t fl h sp tto f rawrt f dr S. j 2 4 a t o e a n e r o ie i eiin o t io ha asc pus Cli fl d a trt td t i a e d peii a eba r d unl st y r l t be or . a ms ie fe ha a e,n m nde ttons r r e es he e ae ba kt t cli i t orgi lpeii Gr v. a r 529F. 2 2 (t Ci. c o he ams n he i na tton. ay Brnke , 3d 20, 41 4h r 2008) . Cl i sa edee d t r a ebac i t cam sCa ete t ac am r me o elt k f he li dr i d o omm on c e ofo ai f c s' or per tve a t . ' M a ev. lx,545U. 644,664( vl Fei S. 2005) Howe r dana nde ha aspeii ..doe not . ve,i l me d be tton . s g r l t bac . . he i as e t a new g ound f r lefs e ae k . w n t s rs r or e i uppore by f c s t tdif ri bot tm e td a t ha f e n h i a t fom t et orgi pladi s tf t ' l a 650. nd ype r hos he i nal e ng e orh.' d. t D . Evi nc Pr de e oper y C ons der d o Feder H abea R e e l i e n al s vi w The U . Supr m e Cour ' de i i n i Cule v.Pi s e a es e t c r um s a e S. e ts c s o n l n nholt r ddr s s he ic t nc s unde whi h a f de a di t i tc tm a c i re de no pr s nt t t s a e ha a r c e r l s rc our y ons de vi nce t e e ed o he t t be s c t 1 S.Ct 1 1 ( 1)(ttngt Cour grnt c ri ait rs vet t r our. 31 . 388, 398 201 sai he t a ed e torr o e ol t he whe rviw unde j2254( ( )pemisc i rto ofevi nc i r e i a e de ir ee r d)1 r t onsdeain de e ntoduc d n n vi ntay he rngbeor t fde a ha a c f'.Pil se ' hol nglmisr e unde j2254( () ai f e he e r l be s oul l rholtrs di i t eviw r d)1 Sot rc dt twasbef et saec ur t taj c tdt cli ont meis' c us i he e or ha t or he tt o tha dudiae he am he rt'be a e t l ng ge oft s a ut i t ck a d-oo ng 'a t e r a exa i ton oft s a e- ou t he a ua he t t e s t w r l ki ' nd t quies n m na i ba r he t t c r de ii a t tmei wa ma ' 1 S. . t1 cson t he i t s de. 31 Ct a 398. 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N o he e s t r ar c r um s a esunde w hi h a pe ii ne i a l w e t pr s ntne net l s , he e e i c t nc r c tto r s lo d o e e w e ie c i fd r l o r.F rt i tecam wa n t du iae o t eme is af d rl o r vd n e n e ea c u t is,f h li s o a j d c td n h rt, e e a c u t a ss e tecam d n v .Pn ltr 1 S. . t1 01(i tn Co r' ra o i t cams se s s h li e o o ihose, 31 Cta 4 lmiig u t e s nng o li s u d rj2 4 d ) M o r ev. g l n , 2 F.d2 6 2 7( t Ci. 0 3 (l j eeasae n e 25 ( ); n o An eo e 3 3 3 8 , 9 4h r 2 0 ) iW h r tt d c tha no c i r a pr r y pr s r ed c a m o ism e is a f de alc t us a s st our s t ons de ed ope l e e v l i n t rt , e r our m t s es he cam denovo.'.Fu t r e i t dsrc cour tndst tt saec ta idt wr li ' rhemor,f he itit ti ha he tt our pple he ong ) l w o urr s bl a i d f de a l w , he di ti tc r m a co i t f lr co d w he a r tea ona y pple e r l a t s rc ou t y nsder he ul e r n e l tng t pe ii r sc tt t o c ai s Pi se ,131 S.Ct a 1 1 How e r i va ua i he ttone ' ons iu i nal l m . nhol t r . t 40 . ve , n de e m i ng w he he t wr l w w asa i d ora un ea onabl a i a i off de a l w t r ni t r he ong a pple n r s e pplc ton e r l a t k pl c t f de a di ti tcou ti lm ied t t e de e be or t s a e ha asc t oo a e, he e r l sr c r s i t o he vi nc f e he t t be our . Pi se ,1 S. . t1 (çEj de ei rduc i fdea c tha nobeai onj nholtr 31 Ct a 400 tl vi nc nto ed n e rl our s rng 2 4 d ( )rve ' J c s nv Kel, 5 F.d4 7 4 2(t Ci. 01 )(i oh r r s 25 ( )1 e iw. a k o . l 6 0 3 7 , 9 4 h r 2 1 ûn te wo d , ); y l wh nah b a p tto e ' cam h sb e a j dc tdo teme isi saec ur, fd r l o r e a e s eiin rs li a e n du iae n h rt n tt o ta e e a c u t i pr cl d f o s ppl m e i t r c d w ih f c sadd d f t fr ttm e a a f de al s e ude r m u e ntng he e or t a t uce or he i s i t e r e de ir heai ' vi ntay rng. ). Se o d i ap tto e i atmpigt s o c us a p eu ieo a t a in c n et c n ,f eiin r s te t o h w a e nd rj dc r cu l n o e c o n e us pr ed a de aul, hedititco tmus c i al t e de ebef ei i xc e oc ur l f t t src ur t onsder 1 he vi nc or t n de er i ng whe hert a i a e s a r ha bee s ts i d. H o e v.Be l 547 U . 51 , t m ni t he pplc bl t nda d s n a i fe us l, S. 8 1Pr s nttona rvi ofne evi nc i dif or dbe a ef r c t r viw i saeha sdecii e e ai nd e ew w de e s sav e c us edeal ours e e ng tt bea sons we enoti e r ntndedt beça atr atve fr f tyi f t a is whih aprs nerm a i ufk intef tt o çn le n i o um or r ng acs nd sues c io de ns f e for o p ru i saep o e dn . W il msv. vo , 2 U.. 2 , 3 ( 0 0 . u s e n tt r c e igs' l a ' i Ta lr 5 9 S 4 0 4 7 2 0 ) 5 7 3 ( 0 6 .On ec us a dp eu ieo a t ln o e c i s o ,h c u t e iwste 3 - 8 2 0 ) c a e n rj dc r cua in c n e s h wn te o r rv e h c a m de novo. W ila s 529 U . a 43 li li m , S. t 3. Fi ly,Pe ii rar uest tPi se lf ope t posi lt t tne e de e na l ttone g ha nholtr e t n he sbiiy ha w vi nc , whc c me t lg td rn fd rl r c e ig , a ta som acam p e iusya j iae ih o s o ih u ig e e a p o e dn s c n rn fr li r v o l dudc td o t m e isby t s a e c t o s h a e e t ti i no l rf i t s y t sa e c t n he rt he t t our t uc n xt nt ha t s onge a r o a he t t our t hi s ri r c d t m e is8 To s ppor t sas e ton, Peii rr le o J tc Sot a r sdis ti ea he he rt . u ttone ei s n usi e om yo ' s en n w hi h s pos st f l ng hy he i a a sa e t tunde s h c r um s a est ne c he e he olowi pot tc l nd t t s ha r uc i c t nc he w evi dence shoul be cons der d i ed: Co i er f e m pl ,a pe ii rw ho dii e l a t m pt i ns d , or xa e ttone lg nty te ed n s a e cour t de l t f c ualba i ofa cl i t tpr e or tt t o ve op he a t ss a m ha os cut s w ihhe d exç pa or wine s sa e e si vi a i ofBr dv v. t l ul t y t s t t m nt n ol ton a Mavlnd,373U. 8 8 S. .l1 4,1 L. 2d21 ( 963) The ra S. 3, 3 Ct 9 0 Ed. 5 1 . s a e cou tde e r le on t gr tt r ni d e i f he ound t tt w ihhe d evi nce ha he t l de t n known di notrs t t lvelofm ae ilt r quied u r he d ie o he e traiy e r nde Br ady. Be or t tm e f flng a f e a ha spe ii has f e he i or ii ed r l bea tton e r d, e r a s a e c tor er t St t t di c os xpie how ve , t t our d s he a e o s l e a tona doclme st pettone ha tmel r quesedunde t ddii l l nt he ii r d i y e t r he St t ' publc r c dsA c . a es i e or t The dicl ed doc e s r vea t tt s os um nt e l ha he St t w il l ot re ul t y w ines s a e e s butsat l w a e tz d he xc pa or t s t t m nt , he tea w oul notpe tt pe ii rt pr s tt ne e de e i a d nni he ttone o e en he w vi nc n s c sve pe ii uc es i tton. Pi se ,1 1S.Ct a 1 1 ( omayo , ,disntng) Peiineraguest tat ht s nholtr 3 . t 417- 8 Sot r J. se i . tto r ha lhoug hi h p teia i fu d i tedse t temao i so iind e no prcu eisa pl ain.Se y oh tc ls o n n h is n,h j rt pno o s t e l d t p i to y' c e Piholtr1 S.Ct a 1 ,1 n.0(tsjaeprs r ma s tme s tne e denc l se 31 z . t 401 401 1 tl tt ione s y omei s ubmi w vi e i fd r l o r.) l d e q t t t ec nrr ,hemao iya k o e e tep si it o a n e e a c u t'. n e d, ui o h o ta y t j rt c n wldg s h o sbl y f n ' e i e e i butr e v t i s ofwha f c ualc r um s a e a e ne es a y t t i ri f a xc pton, es r es he s ue t a t ic t nc s r c s r o rgge t or SRes ponde ctst c esi s r oft a gumentt tPi serdoe notal co i a i ofne nt ie wo as n uppo t he r ha nholt s low nsderton w e de e frtansor e cai s how e r net rca er c t Pi se ta f m edcl m exc pton.St e vi nc o r f m d l m ; ve , ihe s ea hed he nholtr r nsor ai e i okly v Rv n, 5 F.d8 2 8 7(t Ci. 01 )(Wen e n td tr n wh te Pn ose bastec n ieaino . a 6 9 3 0 , 0 9h r 2 1 û e d o eemie eh r ih ltr r h o sd rto f t So lysn w e ie c ..' Tee u v Kel, . :0 c -0 5 , 0l WL 3 9 8 , t* ( . Va Au 1 tke ' e vd n e ..) lc z . l No 7 l-v0 2 4 2 1 '; y 31 8 5 a 8 W D. . g. , 201 ) Wh rv rtel eb t e j2 5 4)rve becamsa dtoep tn il meiigbo d rrve ti 1 Cç ee e h i ewe n 2 4d e iwa l li n h s oe tal rt ra e e iw,hs n y n i ad si to t t e d n tb ma eh r .) s it in ha n e o e d e en . nc f ur hol ng.Se Pi se 1 1S.Cta 1 n.0(iusieSot yo ' hypot tca ut e di e nhpltr 3 . t 401 1 t tc oma rs l hei l i vi ne e de e ofw ihhe d e ul t y w ines s a e e t . .m a w el pr s nta ne nvol ng w vi nc t l xc pa or t s t t m n s . y l ee w c1in.) al ' . ' W hl t eCo r b le e t i e c p ini snsb ebe a en t n i temao i s ie h u t eiv s hs x e to s e il c us ohig n h j rt y' r as ng s e oni ugge t t ti i e d t lmi adii ntpe ii rsa lt t pr s nte de et t ss ha t nt nde o i t lge ttone ' biiy o e e vi nc ha se me fom t St t sf iur t dicos po e i ly e paor m ae ilt sCour ne d not tm d r he ae' a l e o s l e t ntal xcul t y tra hi t e a e st que to bec us isr i he en do no de nd on t se e i f ne cli s ddr s he si n a e t ulngs r i t pe hi xc pton or w am . J me v S h io 6 9F.d 8 5 8 6( t Ci. 01 )( n o se a k o e g dt a ah b a a s . c rr , 5 3 5 , 7 9h r 2 1 ' h ltr c n wld e h t a e s Ti peii rwhorie acam t twasnota j c tdont meisi saec ta i ttone as s li ha d udiae he rt n tt our, nd s teeo en ts b e t oj2 5 4 ma p e e t e e ie c i fd r l o r..'(iig h rf r o u j c t 2 4 *, y r sn n w vd n e n e e a c u t..) ctn ' Pi holt r 1 S. . t1 01 . n s e , 31 Ct a 4 )9 E. Exhaus i t on Ge r l a f r lc tm a onl g a ha asr le f e us e c a m s- t ti ne aly, ede a our y y r nt be e i f or xha t d l i ha s t e c ai st tha bee pr s n ed i s a e c t or r s ng t m i f de a co t hos l m ha ve n e e t n t t our bef e ai i he n e r l ur O'ulv nv Bo rk l5 6U. 8 8 8 2( 9 9 ; n o v. e 4 6F.d41 , 7( t Ci. S lia . ec e, 2 S. 3 , 4 1 9 ) Vis n Tnl, 3 3 2 41 4h r 2006 .Cli notpr e e aege rlypr e al dea td. W olev. ohns 565F. ) ams esntd r neal oc durly fule f J on, 3d 1 1 0( hCi. ) Tobee usedt lgalcam ne dnotbea tc ae o fa di 40, 6 4t r 2009 . xha t he e li e riultd r rme n 9 sCo ras n tsta teF u t Ci uih ssae çi terc r ut tl po e t b ic mpee Thi ut lo oe h th o rh r t a ttd ïl h e od li ey rv s o e n o lt, c lf ma d frn et tesaec u t j d me two l b i ppo raeb c uej d me t namaeil ic mplt rc r eee c o h tt o r' u g n ud e na rp it ea s u g n o s tral n o ee e od y ino a aj dc t no temei frp ro e ofj2 4 d. Wiso v Kel, 9 F.d5 5 55 - (t Ci. s t n du iai n h rt o up ss o s 25 ()' n tn . l 5 2 3 3 , 556 4h r ' v 201) T situ b c u ewhi dex a sinrq ie ta tesaec u t h v a o p ru iyt a pytelw 0 . hi s r e e a s l d l h u t e urs h th tt o rs a e n p o tnt o p l h a eg o a dc nsd ra1h e ie erlv n t t p tin r caml ( h nasaec u teu e t o ieo temei n o ie lte vd nc ee a t o he eio e' li , wle tt o r rf ss o pn n h rt t s l s o acam p o ryp ee tdt i e h uto i st fe . l a 5 5(nen l i to so te ) Whl iitu f li rpel rsne o t x a sin s ai id' d. t 5 itr a ct in mi d . ie ts re , s ' a t t a W i so wa d cd db f r Pihose , n t a i J c s nv Kel . 5 F.d 4 7( t Ci. 01 ) d c d d h t n t n s e ie e o e n ltr a d h t n a k o . l 6 0 3 7 4 h r 2 1, e i e v a rPi se ,t Fourh Cic tr redadititc tsgrntofha sco pusafe anevi tar hea i was he nholtr he t r ui eves src our' a bea r tr den i y rng hel t Fourh Cicui ne a e s d t Pit se exc pton. l J c on t Fourh Cicui r er e t gr t d, he t r t ver ddr s e he rholt r e i n a ks he t r t ev s d he an of a e sb cus if u dta teVignaS pe Co r' a piaino Src ln wa n t be t ey h b a e a e t o n h th r ii u rme u t p l to f tika d s o o j ci l s c v unr as bl a t çne ' ii i e de epettone i r e ona e s he ç w'm tgaton vi nc ii r ntoduce i t f r e de i yhea i was d n he edeal vi ntar rng, cumul tve 650 F. a 494ai . 3d t 95. sat co t nt s me wa a i i i t f de a pe ii Pia d v. t e ur i he a y s t s n he e r l tton. c r Comwr 40 U. 270, , 4 S. 277- 78( 971 ( tnge usi r uiest tShes tnc ofafdea ha scor cli (s 1 ) noi xha ton eq r ha s ubsa e t e rl bea pus am ij frtpr e e t t sa ec t' a t ts bsa emaybet s meides t va i to i t is es nt d o he t t ours' nd ha u t nc he a û pie rai ns n he lga t or orfcua alegai ur d'i s e l he y a t l l tons ge 'n uppor oft cai ; onesv.SusexIStt Prs n, t he l ml J s ae io 591F. 7 71 1 ( h Ci.201 ( am e use wheepeii ciesac ea f t 3d 07, 3- 4 4t r 0) cli xha td r ttoner t as nd ac patr i s ten n uppor ofhi cli i saec t; nzv.W a hi t 444F. 295,30 ( h Ci. t s am n tt our) Le s ncon, 3d 2 4t r 20 6 (o rss ul n ttlo a y sma tcc nf int b ral e e a r ve o p t in rs 0 ) c u t ho d o S lw n e ni o uso o a lfd rl e iw f ei o e ' a t c tt i dams'. onsiutonal i ' ) Ho ve ,ape ii ne ma pr e pr dur ly defule ca msi f de a co ti t we r tto r y es nt oce al a td li n e r l ur f he p tto e c ne tbiht a s a dp eu ie'o h so h rfiu et e h u tacam o t a h s eiin r a sa ls t u e n rj dc 'fr i r e al r o x a s li r h t i c o h rc ntn me tc n t ue ak sa i g o j sie' W of , 65F.da 1 0 A p tt n r r e o i e n o si ts t c n a e f u tc . le 5 3 t 6 . eii e t mi ' o c ns o c u eb d mo srtn 'o o j ciefco e en l ot d fns (h t i e e a h w a s y e n tai g i me be tv a tr xtr a t he ee e t al mp d d s co e' ef t t co ywiht Stt' pr e alr e..gncl nglt tt f t o uns ls fors o mpl t he aes oc dur ul . i udi ha he acual r l ga bass f a cl i w asnotr as bl a l bl t c e l i or a m e ona y vaia e o ouns ,ort ts e i e f r nce by el ha om nt r e e ofi asma c incei a tc bl ' Mura v. rir 47 U. 478,488( 986 (ntr l fcil de ompla mpr cia e.' ry Care , 7 S. 1 ) i ena q oainmaksa dctto o te ) Toma eas o n o p eu iet ep tto rmu t u tto r n i ins mitd . a k h wig f rj d c h ei ne s i de o ta et tt c m nsr t ha he ompli ofco aned nduc c us d r a har t t peii ne .SeeW anwrc t a e e l m o he tto r i i ht v.Syk , U. 7 8 85( 977) es 433 S. 2, 4- 1 . A p tto rd mo tae at s ara eo j tc , tr u h la p o e s o n o ei ne e nsr ts d c rig fusie' h o g t j r p r h wig f i mi ' l a t li ce e. W ole 565F. a 1 (ii Hous 5 U. a 536- .A pettone i cua l nc ' mo ' f, 3d t 60 ctng e, 47 S. t 37) ii r s d cu lyin c n 'i Sti mo el l ta n t h t ora o bej r rwo l h v c n itd i t al n o e t'f ç s r i y h n o t a n e s na l u o ud a e o v ce a i ke (hepeii r i lg oft ene evi nc 'Schlpv. l 513U. 298,3 ( 995 .0 The t ttone) n iht h w de e. ' u Deo, S. 27 1 )1 : ûAjj2 5 p tto e i e t ldt h v aS h u a t a in c n eis ea d e s d a d d s s do i t ed src 0ç ( 2 4 eiin r s n i e o a e c l p cu l n o e c su d r s e n ipo e f n h itit t c u t'Wol , 6 F.da l 4(in Bo se v UntdSae, 2 U.. 4 6 3( 9 8) o r. ' f 5 5 3 t 6 ct g u lv . ie tts 5 3 S 61 , 2 1 9 ). e i pur eoft a t i enc e e i i ç o baa t s it li e e t i fnaiy, om iy, pos he c ual nnoc e xc pton s d lnce he oce a ntr ss n i lt c t t a dc n evaino sa c j dca r s u c swihteid vd a itr s i j siet a aie i n o sr to f c r e u iil e o re t h n i iu l nee t n u t h t rss n c t e r or na y c e. d.a 3 I e t se e i n t pr dur lde a tr fecss ey' he xta di r as ' 'I t 24. nde d, hi xc pto o oce a f ul e l t ocit s G undn nt val de e m i ton .. ha i i f rwor et c c a i e m a t n t 1ta t f me al ue t r na i . t t t s a s o onvit n nnoc nt n ha o e g lyma gofee' I r W i hi 3 U. 358,37 ( 970)( ra J,c uri ) Bec us uit n r .' n e ns p, 97 S. 21 Ha ln, . onc rng . a e t ssa r ioc gs t i r ona t li e e..hedititc ti notbo byt hi tndad d use q he nquiy cua nnoc nc .t src our s f und he r e o a isbiiy t twoul gove n a ti l l ta t e uls f dm s i lt ha d r t ra . nse d,he mpha i on ûct limoc nc s s a ua l e e' a l w st r vi wi ti lo he e e ng rbunalt cons de t pr ba i f ce ofr l van e de e t tw ase t r o i r he o tve or e e t vi nc ha ihe e l xcudedoft vaia ea ti l' Sc up,51 U. a 327 28.Fi ly,at ttone ' s ma lbl t ra . hl ' 3 S. t na l s ii r s howi of pe ng i e i no i ufi i nts el be a e t ti r c d c ai d s fci nte de e t nnoc nce s t ns tc e ol y c us he ral e or ont ne uf i e vi nc o s p o th j r ' v r it'I . t 31 1 u p r te u y s ed c. d a 3 . l ' 1 ProceduralBars: Exhauston and Ti elness 11. i m i Be or ad es i t mert ofe c cli , heCour mus a es t exha ton a f e dr sng he is a h am t t t ddr s he usi nd tmelnes a gume sm a by t pa te .The Re ponde a g st tCli sI a IB ha i i s r nt de he ri s s nt r ue ha am B nd l ve notbe nf l e e uly xhause a t tCli IB i nottmey.( . 45a ! 8,11 1 )12 td nd ha am l s i l DktNo. t ! , 2. Pe ii ne a g s i t ta t r tve, ha t c a m sar a o i t y e us e a tm e y or tto r r ue , n ha le na i t t he l i e ppr pr a el xha t d nd i l t tPeii rse de e,i l ngt ne e de efom t spr e di s tsi st a t ha ttone ' vi nc ncudi he w vi nc r hi oc e ng, aife he cual i ce e e e i t pr edur lde aul. The Cour co i r bot a g e sa tndst t nno nc xc pton o oc a f t t nsde s h r um nt nd i ha l Alhoughs tsyi t ssa d Gequie as t n i s ng't Supr Cour wa c e ult saet tt s 1 t aif ng hi tndar t r s ubsa tal howi ' he r eme t s arf o tt ha hi sa r i nots hi a t çsa r t tgov nsr viw ofcl m sofi ufi en e de e ..whih f eson tnda d s o gh s he çtnda d ha er e e ai ns fci t vi nc . c ocus wh te a yrto a j rrc udh v c n itd' n 'o k t wh te teei s fiin e ie c whc i eh r n ain luo o l a e o vce 'a d t o s o eh rh r s ufce t vd n e ih,f l c e td,co d s r die ul uppor t c cton. Sc up,5l U . a 330. t he onvi i ' hl ' 3 S. t 1 A lhoug Re ponde i tal a gue t Cl m lA wa notf l exha td, ( tNo 4 a !9, s o d n 2 t h s nt niily r d hat ai I s uly use Dk. . 5 t )Rep n et h sn w c n e e ta Hahc nçho c u ea dp eu iesc ta a ypo e u a d fut eaigt ta Cli i a o o cd d h t s a < w a s n rj dc u h h t n rc d rl ea lrltn o h t am s s e c s d a dt a , c o d n l ,heCo r s o l r v e teCli d n v , ( tNo 5 ) x u e , n h tac rigy t u t h u d e iw h am e o o' Dk . . 3 . ' Pe ii rsCl i I i f l e used a Cli lB i pa tal e used a pa tal tmel ttone ' am B s uly xha t nd am 1 s ri ly xha t nd ri ly i y. Addii ly,Pe ii rhass tsi d t a ua im o nc e pton t pr e alde a t tona l ttone a i t e he ct l r ce e xce i o oc dur f ul . A . A ct I ual nnocence Ha h a gue t thes tsi sSc u sa t li e ee ptont pr e alde a t s r s ha aife hlp' cua nnoc nc xce i o oc dur f ul ba ed o a eva ua i ofa1 t e de e be or t sCour . I pa tc a ,Pe ii rpoi t t s n n l ton 1 he vi nc f e hi t n r i ul r ttone ns o t e de eof( )wi s e polcemz pr ec ora mic he vi nc 1 de prad i d os ut il s onduc,ncudi t f tt t ti l ng he ac ha Shelona W e e sf ldpol r phsweenotdicosdt Has sti c e,2) t nd akly' aie yg a r sl e o h' ral ounsl( W e kly' r a ai ofhi ti t tmonyagans Has a ( t e d et tSc t a e s ec ntton s ralesi i t h, nd 3) he vienc ha ot c ommitdt ci ( . 49a 28) Unde Sc up,as wi ofa t li e er uie te he rme. DktNo. t . r hl ho ng cua nnoc nc eq r s i w r la ee de e ..t twa notpr e e a ti l's fc e s h t tti i mor lkey i ne ei bl vi nc . ha s es nt d t ra' ufii nt uc ha ût s e i l ta n th tn ra o a ej r rwo l h v c n itd ( epeiin r i l h o t en w h n o ta o e s n bl u o ud a e o v ce t t o ej n i t f h e h t g e de e.' 51 U . a 324,327. Furhe m o e S hl m a s pl n t tt habe c t us vi nc ' 3 S. t t r r , û up ke ai ha he sc as our m t c nsde t lt e d e, ol a ne i rm i tng a e ul t y, t o i r al he vi enc ' d nd w, nc i nai nd xc pa or wihoutr ga dt e r o whe he i woul ne s arl be a te unde ç ul sofa isbiiyt twoul go n a t rt d ce s iy dmitd rd e r dm s i lt ha d ver t til'Hous ,547U. a 538(ii Sc up,51 U. a 327- q tngFre ysI Imoc nce ra. ' e S. t ctng hl 3 S. t 28 uoi indl s l e lr e nt ColaealAtac onCrmi lJ relva ? ltr t k i na udgme s 38U.ChiL. V.1 1 ( 97 ) nt, . Re 42, 60 1 0). Fis,Has haspr de sgnii n e d eoft e e oft polc a pr e ut ral rt h ovi d i fca t vi enc he xt nt he i e nd os c o i m ic s onduc t tt ok pl c d i t i s i ton a pr e uton ofhi c e. Spec fc l t ha o a e urng he nve tga i nd os c i s as ii aly, Ha hha c mef wadwih e de s ng( )hewa ta fredt t Al mals s o or r t vi nce howi 1 s rnser o he be re Charo l vil Regi lJ i t be e l tes le ona a l o xpos d t a known pr s i onna ,Ca t ,whi h nm s e o i on nf nt rer c c ntrt t explnai ofe e t oughou t saeha aspr ee ngs;3( I tgaor ou e o he a ton fr d hr t he tt be oc di 1 2) nvesj t Jenki pr i ed t s ns om s o peak t t U . Ator s ofsce r di how Cart st tm ony was o he S. t ney' t egar ng er' es i 1 se i r Seci I .B. . 3 e nfa ton V I b n fca i t eHa hc s , n t s e ka a3 ( h aigi rq e tdt d s , u te e eiil n h s a e a d o p a t 5b) e rn f e u se o o o b t h Cul pe a horte de edt e se eofa s ha e me t1 ( Cat wasal t pe r ut iis ni he xitnc ny uc gre n ;4 3) rer lowed o t tf f leya Has ' tilt thee cednobe ftfo hi tsi esiy as l t h s ra ha xpet nei rm s e tmonyis( Letr wrte l 4) tes itn byCatrt t Cul perofi asweene rpr e t Ha h' tilc e;()rpo t of re o he pe fcil r ve oduc d o s s ra ouns l 5 e rs pol r ph e m i tonsg ve t W e kl a Shet we eneve pr edt Ha h' ti yg a xa na i i n o a ey nd lon r r oduc o s s ral c el1 ( )t Pr e ton c e e ne itonswihW e klyrgadi apl a e me ouns ;6 6 he oscui onc ald gotai t a e e r ng ea gre nt i e ha efrhi tsi n xc ng o s e tmony;7( Cu1 pe i si t sprvi dW ea e wiha e st 1 7) pe r nvetgaor o de kly t cc s o ci se i or ton a gui dhi a we st t i si t ' quesi ;( I si tr rme c ne nf mai nd de s ns r o he nvetgaors tons 8) nvetgao J nki t s ii d f l el a H a h' t i lr r ng whe he W e kl y' i er e sw e e r c de l e ns e tt e a s y t s s ra ega di t r a e s nt vi w r e or di8 ( l tgaorCa trs w awe ponmac ngt c lbe we po usdt mur rScoggi a 9) nvesi t re a a thi he ai r a n e o de r ns t t hom e ofa t rs pe t Sc t bu f ie t t ke c t y o t w e pon a r abali tc he no he us c , ot, t a l d o a us od f he a nd un lsi s r eport1 . 9 I d e Re p n e th sg n r l a mie t a dtheeaean mb ro i r p ite i n e d, s o d n a e eal d t d h t t l r r u e f mp o reis n y t g t sc e..noquetona uti. ( DitCtH. t30) Furhe e,Reponde tha no hi as . si bo t' Fed. s. . a . t nnor s ' n s t c le d Has s e denc o polc a pr e ut i lm i c nduc on t ba i ofis r la lt ha l nge h' vi e f i e nd os c ora s o t he s s t e i biiy. Atl a to ot rdititc t sf e s ne he src our ha ound t te de eofpolc a pr ec ora m ico ha vi nc i e nd os ut i l s nduc i ts aba i upon whih apeii rc n s tsy t a t lino nc sa r Se Like v. ss c ttone a aif he cua n ce e t nda d. e s r Kno e , F.Supp. 1 ( D. l2006) a og e byLeev. wls 463 2d 008 C. Ca. , br atd Lampe t61 F. 11 r, 0 3d 25 1 4 1 d. 5I ' se i r Seci I .B. 6 e nfa ton v 2. 1 d. 7l 1 d. 81 1 d. 9l ( t Ci. 1 ) l Lik r t ec u to n tea ta in c n ee c p int p o e u a d fut 9h r 20 0 . n s e ,h o r fu d h cu ln o e c x e to o r c d r l e a l w a e t bls d w he e: s s a i he r (1ajih u eif r n t who P tt n rs p o e l c n e s d 1 alo s n o ma to m eio e u p s dy o f se i of e e s m ia t s i on i o he c s s had ac es t i o m a i f r d i l r e tm y n t r a e , c s o nf r ton a boutPeii ne ' ca ewhih wasapotnta s c ofa tto rs s c e il our e m a a t e conf s i n . .r co e f t i c lc w ih t nuf c ur d e s o . e unt d ac s n onfi t t he e de ,a a a e t ha ha undoc e ed pr orc a s vi nce nd ppe r d o ve d um nt i ont ct wihp lc i Peiin rsc s ;()al eys s e twihav oe t t oie n tto e ' ae 2 i l u p c t i ln k c i i lr or ga ve y s pi i s a e e t t polc s rm na ec d ve r us c ous t t m n s o i e oon atrt mur rbu wa i tgae nof t r.. a ( fe he de t s nvesi td urhe .; nd 31 mise si t eiv siainlk l titdteo i ia j r v r it stp n h n e tg to iey an e h rgn l u y ed c a s s uggese by va i f c si udi t tt de e tvei c r td rous a t ncl ng ha he t ci n ha ge oft c e t e a a ora l a tdi notpr s r ke evi nce he as hr w w y, t e s d e e ve, y de a ma misa e nt t saea hortesa nd de s tt me s o t t ut ii boutt c eyea s he as r l er at . 463F.Supp. a 1 42.Li Like,Has sc s prs t e de of( )ma uf t e zd t 0 ke s r h' a e eens vi nce 1 n acurd sae nt byCa tra W e kl whihas c rditdt crmes neevi nc ( ttme s re nd a ey, c lo onta ce he i ce de e; 2) undicosdc sl e ommuni tonsbewee t polc a Ca tra W e kly'a ( af l et cai t n he ie nd re nd a e , nd 3) aiur o s i a t tar fe f e ze nd es il ound att hous Sc tlved i att tm e oft m ur rt tm a c d t he e ot i n he i he de ha t he he cai ra t ofwe pon us d t kilSc oggi . lbe nd ype a e o l r ns Sec ond,W e kl y hasnow r c nt d hi t s i o a ns H a h, t tng t t(lha neve a e e a e s e tm ny gai t s s a i ha & ve r bee t M s Sc oggi 'hous a Iha no hi t do w ih he m ur r 1a s ha no r s t n o . r ns e, nd d t ng o t r de . l o ve ea on o b l v t tM ih e Ha hh da ytigt d wihh rmu d r' W e ke Af. t 2 . ei e ha c a l s a n hn o o t e r e. e '( a ly f a ! ) Furhe t nnor W e kl y now ate t t tt t s i o he ga C tt i la e, a e t s s ha he e tm ny ve ' r a boutt c i e s e w a a he rm c ne s gi nt medurngi eviwswihpolc a pr e ut s'( e e Af. t!5) Specfc ly, ve o i ntr e t ie nd os c or.'W akly f a . iial W e kly sa e t tdurng hi i e ve dhe i si t sbe a ee r m ey fusr t d a t d a e tt d ha i s nt r iws s nve tgaor c m xte l r ta e nd ol t m e w ha lw a s yi w a n' m a c ng up w ih w ha t y ale dy kne . W he lw o d a w e t s a ng s t t hi t t he r a w n ul ns r quesi i a w ay t di tlke,t i tons n hey dn' i he nvestgat sw oul s i or d ugges t lw asl ng or conf ed.' t hat yi us ' ( e e Af.a !6 . W akly f t ) Res ponde c le st r ibiiy ofW e kly' r c nt ton a gui t tr ca t tons nt hal nge he ela lt a e s e a a i r ng ha e n a i aeCo uponwih t ut ts pii Unie Sttsv.J hns 48 F. 1 1 ( h r t oked l t he mos us con, td ae o on, 7 2d 278, 279 4t Ci.1 )(ntr lquoai a ctto omitd) a t tt fcsi t pesntc eae r 973 i ena ttons nd iains te , nd ha he a t n he r e as r ditnguiha efom t ei Hous v.Bel 5 U. 51 ( ) ( . 51a !46,DktNo. si s bl r hos n e l, 47 S. 8 2006 . DktNo. t . 45 a ! 9 9 , 9) W hi t eCo r a k o e g sta rc n ai n a eih r nl s s iiu , , t ! 4, 8 9 . l h u t c n wld e h t e a tto s r n ee ty u p co s e t tdoesnotm e n t a ene rc e bl. l Has sc s t Cour fndst r i s fcen ha a hey r ve r di e n h' a e, he t i he e s ufii t e de e t tcor o a esW e kl sr ca a i t r nde i c e bl . Spe i i aly,durng a vi nc ha r bor t a ey' e nt ton o e r t r di e c fc l i Ma 11, y 2000,i eviw ofW e kly,nvesi t J nki as dW e kly( r di ( oby ntr e a e I tgaor e ns ke a e k e d Kl whe a dHa h tly uta te s o g cog i s?' n W e ke a wee l c i t eh a a d n s ) el o h t h y h t s r g n j 'a d a ly ns rd t e n h e d n on onc i t c t' ( e klyI eviw 5 1100a 5 .l wasnotuntlI tgaorJ nki e n he hes. W a e ntr e / / t 0) t ' i nvesi t e ns a ked t s m e ques i a oxi a e y fve m or tm es a oni hi W e kl y by s a i d s he a ton ppr m t l i e i , dm s ng a e t tng t we c n' ha you add a hi i t i' a t don' w a tyo t a t t ts e hi whe he i a t ve nyt ng n o t' nd $ l t n u o dd o ha om t ng, t r t bet c t t t orany hi ele'ha W e kl y at r d hi sor and s d ûl y s he i he hes, he oe t ng s 't t a e le e s t y ai t- hot r n -he t he d,'( e kl l ewiw 5 1100a 51 5 .Thi mac sW e kly' s nsae ntt t he a ' W a ey ntl e / / t - 3) s the a e s wor ttme ha t l s i t r ofen be m e f usr t d wih hi a c che hi w he he w a notgi ng t he nve tga o s t cn r ta e t m nd oa d m n s vi he t ore t'a we s ( e klyAf.a !6) Se ond,l tgaorJ nki hasatse t t fc û rc' ns r .W a e f t . c c nvesi t e ns te td o he a t t thebe ivesW e kl Gi d nume oustm e i dic sonswih 1w e or me ofi il i ha le a ey t e l r i s n s us i t a nf ce nt tca s n Cu p p rComt 'a dh ssae t a ûtot i d y, d n t eiv t eso y g e ke a d l e e t y' n a ttd h tt l hs a I o o b l e h tr W a ly n l e S et n tl -ta tr ete a eb y mu d rdTh l Sco gn - i plu il. (e kn Af. h lo j od h t h e e n g o s r ee ema r g is s a sb e' J n is f ' a !6) I pe ntc r ai i pr de byt fc t tW e klyfie hi pol a t . nde nde oroborton s ovi d he a t ha a e ald s ygrph exa na i He wasf mi ton. ound t bede e i whe a k i Kl by a Ha h t d hi t y ha o c ptve n s ed f o nd s ol m he d s Scoggns ( e klyPol a a 2 .Addiinal durngt pol a t e kly hot r i . W a e ygrph t ) to ly, i he ygrph,û a e W a mi e ta t esae n h p o d dt p lc ta Mie( s la dJ s n ( o y t l hm d t d h t h ttme t e r vie o oie h t k Ha h n a o Klb ) od i t t ys Thel Scr nswa nottue,(d..0 he hot ma oggi s r .,I )2 I e H a h' c s s r a num be ofs m ia ii s wih W ol e whe e a ha a pe ii r nde d, s s a e ha es r i l rte t f, r be s ttone s ce sulym e tt Sc up sa r ba e o t r c nt to ofhi co- ons r t who uc s f l e he hl t nda d s d n he e a ai n s c pia or t s ii a i tt pe ii ra t i l N o. 2: c 432, l o a 7( D. Fe 4, 0) 1 l e tfed ga ns he ttone t ra . 2 05-v- si p. t E. Va. b 201 . n p W ole, he c c pia o ' r a a i w a c r a e by o he a f da t , t c f t o- ons r t r s ec nt ton s orobor t d t r f i vis but he oc pia orha s nc r an e hi r ca t ton. l lghtoft s toublng c r um sanc st ons r t d i e ec t d s e n a i n i he e r i i c t e he dititco tl dt t fc t t( ltuj i mos r a ai ,(heco-ons rt ldoe no src ur ooke o he a t ha ltg nlke t ec nttons t c piaor s t eca la lt ori o hi ownst to byhi rc ntton, ( ûghec c piaols s pe ibiiy mpr ve s iuain s e a ai ' 2) st o-ons rtr' ' afda tas hal c i abl c fi vi lo dl onsder e onoborton'i t fr ofot rco itn atda t,a ( ai 'n he om he nsse t fi vis nd 3) t swasd a c s wih vol no die te de . I a 7hi i not a e t umi us r c vi nce' d. t 9.De pie t f tt tt co' s t he ac ha he c pia ors e nty r c nde hi r c nt to t c r none hel s f ons r t ubs que l es i d s e a a i n, he ou t t e s ound t tt i ta ha he nii l r c naintwlse o g t r ied u ti ara o a l j r rsmi d' st wh t r h e a tto t a n u h o as o b n e s n b e u o ' n 'a o ehe t e l pe ii rc m it d t m ur r 1 a 1 ttone om te he de . d. t 0. Has sc e, fa hi i sr e t n W ole.W e e lket c co pia ordo h' as i nyt ng, s tong r ha f akly, i he o- ns r t es notsand t ga n f om hi r a a i n a W e kl y' a fda ti c r a e by t t o i r s ec nt to nd a e s f i vi s or obor t d he co e por ne ta crptofone ofW e kl si e v e s l s i a orJ nki 'a tda t a nt m a ous r ns i a ey' nt r i w , nve tg t e ns fi vi, nd by W ea e spol a f l e. Furhe m o e i H a h' c s ,a i W ole t e i no phys c l kl y' ygr ph aiur t r r ,n s s a e s n f , her s ia 2 Peii raloput f war t saemen byl esi t M a kt heorl si t J nsi a ha 's 0 ttone s s or d he tt t nv tgaor c hat nve tgaor enki t y ve' hown m W eklyci se ep oo rp s a a dt n l or b rto o W ekly' rcnain.( c De Tra 6 ) a e rme cn h tg a h , s d ii a c ro oain f a e s e a tt Ma k p. . t 9. o o TheCou tha c i r t sevi nc butdoesnotfnd iaspe s svea t ot rciedevi ebec us i i r s onsdeed hi de e i t rua i s he he t denc a e ts pa taly c r di t by l s i t J nki 's a e e t tw hie W ea e may havebe n s r i l onta c ed nve tga or e ns t t m nt ha l kl y e hown c i e s ne rm ce phot r phst y t og a he t dn' s anyt ngt tcoul pr ded t l oft c i et tar notknown byt tperon woul t how hi ha d ovi eais he rm ha e ha s o t ep ro st a we e tivov d' (e kn De Tr a 7 ) r h es n h t r n' n le . J n is p. . t 8 . ' 2 W ole wasbe o e t Ea t r D iti tofVigi apur ua tt a r m a b t Fo t Cic tf rt e es 1 f f r he s e n s rc r ni s n o e nd y he urh r ui o he xpr s pum os ofconsderng pettone ' Sc up cl i . e i i ii r s hl a m e denc lnki Has t t crm e s e . Fi l W e e ha notr ca e hi r c nt to i vi e i ng h o he i c ne naly, akl y s e nt d s e a a i n, n c r tt t c cons r t w hos r c nt ton w a no t l s f nd s fc e i W ole ontas o he o- pi a or e e a ai s ne he es ou uf i i nt n f. Thid,Has hasco e f w a d w ih s g fc nte de e t ta he s pe t Sco t m ay r h m or r t i nii a vi nc ha not r us c , t , ha c m m it d t c i e. Atti l a t ve o te he rm r a , lhough no w e pon w a r ove e a t c i e s e ,t a s ec r d t he rm c ne he Commonwe lh' tr a m e m i rwa a et dee mi t tt we pon us d t kilSc oggi at s i e r xa ne s bl o t r ne ha he a e o l r ns wa mo tl ey .2rfea dp si ya.2W ic e trrte Tra Tr a 4 4 4 6 .S otwh s s i l 2 il n o sbl 2 n h se i .( il . t 7 , 7 ) c t, o k l lve ne rScoggi a t tmeofhe mur erwasa i ta s pe ti t c s ( aeHabe s i d a r ns t he i r d , n niil us c n he a e. Stt a H.Tr a 188 .A ma mac ngSc t' de ci inwa se t da atrScoggns mur ri .t ) n thi ots s rpto s e n he y fe r i ' de n t smeae a Sc oggi 'tuc wa uli tl f md.(d.a 232) l J y 1 Ivetgaor he a ra s r ns r k s tmaey ol l t . n ul 999, n si t Ca t rvi ie t hom e Sco tlve i a t tm e of Sc oggi 'm u dera w a s w n a r e s t d he t i d n t he i r ns r nd s ho W i he t r. rfe butl tgaorCa trdi nottkeposes i oft rfea i wasno nc se 22 il , nvesi t re d a s son he il nd t t t t u it c e fdealpr e ngs (d. t2 ) pa t t fdea pr ce di ,t esed ntl he un-nt e r oc edi .l a 43 .As r of he e rl o e ngs he W i se . rfet tI tga orCa trha s e i 1 wast se by DFS.DFS nche t r 22 il ha nvesi t re d e n n 999 etd c l d t td t t tm e be w e n e nt ,l k ofs fc e di s m ia ii s i w a no onc ude ha i o he i due t e ve s ac ufi i nt s i l r te , t s t pos i et de i tvel e i i t 'heW i he tr. rteast rfet tfr t bulesf sbl o fnii y lm nae't nc se 22 il he il ha ied he l t ound a t ci s e ( . 29a 2) t he rme c ne. DktNo. t . I Hous v.Bel t Supr m eCo tf und t acua i e e e i t pr e a n e l, he e ur o he t l nnoc nce xc pton o oc dur l de a twasesa ihe wher e de t tt vitm ' hus nd, no t peii r ha f ul t bls d e vi nce ha he ci s ba and t he ttone , d c mmie teci wa n t u s e o p e e tdt t j r . 47U. 51 ( 0 6 .Th o t d h rme s o p ru d r r s ne o he u y 5 l S. 8 2 0 ) e Su e eCour not dt tat h t e de epoi i t t hus nd wa C nom e ns prm t e ha lhoug he vi nc ntng o he ba sç by a c l i ' i none he es Cs ts i d t ga e a s a r s tf t i Sc up.' H ous 5 U . onc usve, t ' t l s 'a i fe he t w y t nda d e orh n hl ' e, 47 S. a 55 555. Li t 2, kewi e,a t s lhoug t e d e i H a h' c e i f r f o s fc entt h he vi enc n s s as s a r m ufi i o 'concl i y' det m i t Scot m ur ed Scr ns t Schl s andar doesnotr r i t usvel ' er ne hat t der oggi , he up t d equie t 28 be s Sc up i s tsi d whe t ne e de eweghe a ns a l heevi nc i e o. hl s ai fe n he w vi nc i d gai t 1 t de e s nough t o craedo i t mi ofar s na ej r . e t ubt n he nd ea o bl uor A c or ngl t Cour f ndst tt si one oft e r r c e w he e t pe ii rha c di y, he ti ha hi s hos a e as s r he ttone s stsidtea ta in c n ee c p int p o e u a d fulb c u eHa hha ( r s n gd aife h cu ln o e c x e to o r c d rl ea t e a s s s d e e te l p evi nc ofi noc nc s sr t ta c ur c nnotha confde e i t o c e oft ti l de e n e e o tong ha o t a ve i nc n he ut om he r a unl s t cour i a s s ts i d t tt t i lwasf e ofnon r l sc tt i le r . .' e s he t s l o a i fe ha he ra re ha m es ons iutona r or . . ' Sc up,51 U . a 31 The com bi ton ofpr e ut r a and polc m i c hl 3 S. t 6. na i os c o i l i e s onduc ,l r y t a gel con de orunc le ed byt Res ce d ha lng he ponde ;W e kl y' c r a e r ca a i a t nt a e s orobor t d e ntton; nd he e de e t ta t rs pe t Sc t m a have a t l c m it d t m ur r whe w e ghe vi nc ha no he us c , ot, y c ualy om te he de , n i d a i tt f tt tt Com m onw e t s l c ofphys c le de e lnki Has t t c i e ga ns he ac ha he alh' a k i a vi nc i ng h o he rm a t c r c o y and unr la e sa e en s o Ca t r W e kl y,a She t i i c e rH a h nd he ontadi t r e i bl t t m t f r e , a e nd lon, t s l a s hass ts i Sc u sa t i enc s a r a i fed hl p' c ual nnoc e t nda d. B. Cl m I : Fa l e t Pr s ntan A ler e The y oft C r m e ai B iur o e e t nat or he i Re po n a guest tPe ii ne ' c am i pr e a l ba r d i of a hes e t s nde t r ha tto rs l i s oc dur ly re ns ar s e ks o prs nte de et thi ti c e tfigdjt i si t t ci sene'( . 45a ! e e vi nc ha s ral ouns liale o nvetgae he rme c ,'DktNo. t 8) a d r i fci f notpr eni t sngl pepetao cai '( . 51a !3) , nd c e nefe tve or we es tng he i e r rtr l m' DktNo. t . H o e r Res w ve , ponde c ede t ttt t e e H a h i aga n a g ng t thi c nt onc s ha to he xt nt s s i r ui ha s ouns lf ie e a ld t p e e t vie c t a oh rp ro sc mmitdt emu d r hscam i e a se '( t No. o rs n e d n e h t te e s n o te h r e, i li s xh u td. Dk . ' 4 a !8 .Peiine ag e ta al s cso ti iefciea ssa eo c u e cam wee 5 t ) tto r r u s h t 1 ape t f h s n fe tv sitnc f o nsl li r prs ntd a t rf et cli i prpel beor t sCour.( . 49a 1 1 .The e e e nd heeor he am s o ry f e hi t DktNo. t 4- 5) Cour a e w ih Pe ii ne a fnds t ta 1as c sofCl m I a e e used. t gr es t tto r nd i ha l pe t ai B r xha t I H as sPetton f A ppealoft Cul n h' ii or he peperCicui Courtsdeni ofhi st e H abeas r t ' al s at Peii t t Vigni SuprmeCo t(t ttonf Appe l'Hahdeaiedt fiur ofhi tton o he r i a e ur d ii or pe a' s t l he al e s ) ti c elt prs nta atr t t r oft ci ( ttonf Appe a 28 (d notme ral ouns o e e n lenae heo y he rme. Peii or al t ) C At i wa a yoh rt o ye e p e e tdt t ej r s t ej r ha o l o ec oc . Th sfiue s n t e he r v r r s ne o h u y o h u y d ny n h ie' i alr ). i uded bot t f l e t pr entt crm e scene evi ncl h he aiur o es he i dence di ecty and t f l e t pr r l he aiur o esent t s i o by l s i t Ca t r t i s i t rr s i e f pr es i t c i e s e e tm ny nve t ga or r e , he nve tga o e pons bl or oc sng he rm c ne. Spe fc l H a h sat d: cii aly, s t e ( l t fr i e de e..poi st asngl pepert .I i Aj1he oensc vi nc . nt o i e r taor t s i mpos i e f t e pe et go u a down t hali t sbl or hr e opl o p nd he l n he Sc ogg ns ho ewihoutdit bi a oft bl dr on t r i ' m t sur ng ny he ood ops he foororw ihoutk w i a hi ove . The e i no way t t l t no ng nyt ng r r s ha W e kly a Pe ii rpike up Sc oggi a dr d he down a e nd ttone c d r ns nd agge r t t tba k bedr . The e i no i c ton,w ihi a loft dus o ha c oom r s ndi a i t n l he t a di t t fooroft tr s de e, ha t e good s z d m e nd r on he l ha e i nc t t hr e ie n s om pe a ound i t tho e. The e i no w a t tW ea e r n t d r n ha us r s y ha kl y a fom r r oom t r m i t tr sde e e pe i ly whe t door t o oo n ha e i nc , s c al n he so t ot r he her oomswer sillt he s , t no f prnt i t e e tl a c d hut wih oot i s n hos r M. . .. OOI S . ( tt nf rAp e l t2 - )(mp sso te ) Fu te, s d srb dt efiu eo hstil Peio o p a a 6 7 e hai mi d . rh r Hah e ci e h al r f i ra i t co e t pr s tt t tm ony ofI s i t rCa t r who c ude t tbas d on t d rm e uns l o e en he esi nve tga o r e , oncl d ha e he d i c s e . .he hasno doubtt tt r w a onl one pe s who c m it d t crm e' be a e c ne . ha he e s y r on om t e he i ' c us Hah' tilc e C i yfie t s eissgnii nc '( tton frAppe a 27-) s s ra ouns l k mpl ald o e t i fca e. Peii o s ' al t 8 . Furhe m or H a h' a gum e si hi Pe ii f A ppe fow die ty f om t t r e, s s r nt n s tton or al l r c l r he Cul pe Cic tCo ts de a oft s c ai . l dicus i t e de pr e e a t pe r r ui ur ' ni l hi l m n s s ng he vi nce es nt d t he e d tar hea i t Cul pe Cic tCo tno e I s i t r Ca t r s opi on t tt wo, vi en i y rng, he pe r r ui ur t d nve tga o re ' ni ha û t tle o m o ei vi l i M r .Sc o ns hous a t tmeoft mur rwoul ha lf lr e r r ndi dua s n s r ggi ' e t he i he de d ve e t mor makst wer f ' ( aeHabe sCi. . a 11. TheCul rCic tCou t e r han e ound. Stt ' a r Ct Op. t ) pepe rui r t n de e t cl m , di E ha t a t ne f rpe ii nerm a a r as bl i tga i he ni d he ai hol ng i t he tor ys o tto t de e ona e nvesi ton i ot e de r l td t t o he pe s ofi ees a t r fe m a a r a ona e nt he vi nce e ae o he t r r ons nt r t nd he ea tr de e s bl de ii ' t r r t t i tilsr t y.( aeHa asCi.Ct Op. t1 . cson'wih egad o her ra taeg Stt be r . a 9) Unde Pia d algalc am ne d notbea tc a e i e cl t s me ma r cr e li e riult d n xa ty he a nnerbef et or he sat co t a be or t f r lc t.I d, hee usi i r onl s e t deer ne t e urs s f e he ede a ours ndee t xha ton nquiy y e ks o t mi l t r on t r or a a g e tbe or i,t . .Co t d a f i opporuniy t c i r t he , he ec d nd r um n f e t he . ur ha whe ar t t o ons de . .. (h )cam a dt c re tta a sre c n tu in l ee t.. 40 U. a 2 6.Hee b t t e li n o o rc h t se td o si to a d f c..' 4 S. t 7 t ' r, oh t Cul pe Cic tCo ta t Vi gi a Supr e Cour w e e pr s nt w ih a m or t n he pe r r ui ur nd he r ni em t r e e ed t e ha s fci ntopporuniy t r e on t m e isofPe ii r scl i , e r ng t i c uf i e t t o ul he rt ttone ' a m r ga di ral ouns ls f iur e ' al e t pr s nta a t r t t or oft c i e. Tha a gum e i t s m e a gum e t tPe ii ne o e e n le na e he y he r m tr nt s he a r nt ha tto r no r que t t s Cour t c i r ha ti lc w e s s hi t o ons de :t t r a ouns ls ul ha pr e e a a t r e t or e ho d ve es nt d n le nat he y oft c i e s he rm uppor e by t a ia e e de e t tt c i e w asc m it by a sngl td he va l bl vi nc ha he rm om ted i e pe pe r t a e de e ofw ho t tsng e pe e r t m i ha be n. Res r t a or nd vi nc ha i l p ta or ght ve e ponde ' r que t nt s e s t tt sCour viw Pe ii rsa gume r ga di t pr s ntton ofan at r t t or oft ha hi t e ttone ' r nt e r ng he e e a i le nae he y he crmeasmuli es pa a ea gum e s- pr s nt tonofot rs pe t,pr e a i ofc i i tpl e r t r nt e e ai he us c s es nt ton rme s e e de e,a pr s nt to oft s ng e pe pe r t rt or - onl s e ofw hi h a e c ne vi nc nd e e a i n he i l r ta o he y y om c r e us e sr i l c a doesnotco por wih Pi r sû a rpr s nt ton' s a r xha t d t a ns ogi nd m t t ca d' t i e e a i ' t nda d. f C . Cl m l B : I s i i V i l e H as sD uePr e sR i s ai I nve t gaton o at d h' oc s ght Re po n r iesbot e usi a tmei s a pr e a ba st t sCour' s nde t a s h xha ton nd i lne s s oc dur l r o hi ts a ho iy t c i t m e isoft c ai . ut r t o onsder he rt he l m 1. Exhauston i Re ponde a guest tH a h ne pr s nt d t cl i t tt Cul pe Count s nt r ha s ver e e e he a m ha he pe r y She if sof i e w a guit ofm i c rf ' fc s ly s onduc t t V igi a Supr m e Cou tbe us i w a no t o he r ni e r ca e t s t i ude i Hah' ta sg nt ofer 'pl befr t Vigi aSuprmeCour.Dk . 45 ncl d n s s ûsinme s ror' ed oe he r ni e t( t No. a ! 1l.Peii r s t ) ttoner epondst tt cai i pr rybeo et sCour bec us Ha hç ie a ha he l m s opel fr hi t a e s d td c fc pater andc s si hi saepa ss fce t e us t cai '( . 49a 23) l at t n a e n s tt per ufiint o xha the l m. DktNo. t . n ' s uppor oft sargum ent Pettonerr er t hi , ii ef encest alegatonsofm i he l i sconductcont ned i hi ai n s breft t Vigi aSupr meCour a Reponde ' rs ns t t ealgai .( . i o he r ni e t nd s nts epo e o hos le tons DktNo. 45- a 37- a Dk. 45- a 27) TheCour a e wihPeiine t tCli lB i 5 t 38 nd tNo. 6 t . t gres t tto r ha am I s e use wiht e e i oft fcsr ltngt TommyLihtoo (dsg f ) xha td, t he xc pton he a t eai o g f t t ihtoof'. l Asa iiil te ,h Co r n tst a teFo rhCic i h srj ce t eag me t h t n nta matrt e u t oe h t h u t rut a ee td h r u n t a ac am m us bei l d i apeii r sa sg e t ofe r st beexha t J s 591F. li t nc ude n ttone ' s i nm n s ror o used. one , 3d a 71 ( esrbi t sa g ntasaûe c larume 'a deci ngt fndacam i not t 4 d ci ng hi r ume t chnia g nt' nd lni o i t li s e use smpl be a ei i notpr e tdi a asi ntofer r. xha td i y c us t s es ne n n sgnme ro) Pe ii r sbr e t t V igi a Supr m e Co t nc ude t f l i aleg tons Cl ttone ' i f o he r ni e ur i l d he olow ng l a i : t-he She ifs Of i ha a fl o Pa Ca t rt tha snc di a a ed. The i ve tga o sha a rf fce d ie n ul re ha s i e s ppe r n si t r d ha toff di and pr ng wine s ss h a W e kl y a She t The hi y s pi i bi ee ng oddi t s e uc s a e nd lon. ghl us c ous ta se o Peiin rwa t rs t fa dto a g v mme tl ci i '( tNo. 5 5a 3 ) r n fr f t o e s he eulo d iin l o e n a a tvt ' Dk . 4 - t 8 . t y. Re ponde tc m e ed on t e aleg tons df e pe ii ra gue t tpr e ut i l s n om nt hes l a i : t ' ttone r s ha os c or a -h mic n u t ss o b t mo e n o Ha ht t Ch ro ts lej iwh r h so d c wa h wn y he v me t f s o he alt vi al ee e e l e ountrdCa t . ( . 46- a 27) Acc r ngy,he efcsi c t t tHah' cams nc ee rer' Dkt No. 6 t . odi l t s a t ndiae ha s s li ' ofm i c s onduc i of rast y r l t t Has s ta f t t A l m a l cha l t s le Re ona t ns a he e a e o h' r ns er o he be re- rote vil gi l J i and i pr pe c al m o r onducti r a i n t wine s Ca t ,W e kl a Shelo ha be n n el to o t s es rer a ey, nd t n ve e pr pe l e used.Furhe mor co e sa utt ha i oft i tga i unde o ry xha t t r e, nc nz bo he ndlng he nvesi ton r I s i t r Care w e e br nve tga o t r r oughtt lg d i t e de i r he r ng a w hi h I s i t r o i ht ur ng he vi nta y a i t c nve tga o Ca t rt tfed, u e on by t Cul pe Cic tCou t di c s i Pe ii r sVi gi a re es ii r l d he pe r r ui r , s us ed n ttone ' r ni Su e e Cour Pe ii f A p a ,a m e i ed i Pe ii r sbr e be or t V igi a pr m t tton or pe l nd nton n ttone ' i f f e he r ni Supr m e Cour .2 e t2 2 TheV igi aSupr eCour Peii f A ppe , co 2 r ni em t tton or al mme i o t i si tonofot rs pe t c ntng n he nve tgai he us c s omplt by eed I si orCa trsaed:ç t m os sarlng rveai ofal wa t M odel63W i se Ril l wa nve tgat re tt % he t t ti e lton But l s he nche tr te. t s k o t thsc udv r wel temud rwe p n b tiwa n v rsie o tse '( t inf r p a a 3 n wn ha ti o l ey lbe h re a o , u t s e e ez d r etd. Peio o Ap e l t 0 ' t 31 (nen l i to so te ) F rh r r,nhib if eoeteVi naS p e Co r, eio rsae tf e ) itr a ct in mitd. u temo e i s re b fr h r i u rme u tP tt ne ttd th a gi i - Howe r Li f ti dic s d s t ntvel f rt trttmei t a e ve , ghtoo s s us e ubsa i y o he is i n he m ndedpe ii tton, whihPeiine c ede .( . 49a 24)(s-efcua ba e r ltngt e c as c oft c tto r onc s DktNo. t dlh a t l s s eai o a h pe t he ca m wer s tf t i Has sOrgi lPe ii n, he t nt f c sr ltngt Tommy li e e orh n h' i na tto ot r ha he a t ea i o Li f .' 2 Acc di gy,he Cour fnds t talhough t aleg tonsofm i c uc a e ghtoot ' 3 t i ha t he l a i s ond t r ) or n l t ne ry i e ialast t e r r ng W e kl and Shet bec us Li f di no t tf a a l d ntc o hos ega di a ey lon, a e ghtoot d t esiy t ti a wasne s t ntvey dic s i t saeha spr e ngs t Pe ii hasnot ral nd ver ubsa i l s us ed n he t t bea oc edi , he ttoner e us e hi s a e r m edi w ih r a d t m i c xha t d s t t e es t eg r o s onduc c t once ni Li ht oot r ng g f . Ti elnes m i s Res ponde a g st te n i t s c a m i e us e i i no pr ry bef r t sCo t nt r ue ha ve f hi l i s xha t d t s t ope l o e hi ur be a ei i no tmey a a t am ofpolc m ico c us t s t i l s ny û i cl ie s nduc i c t s omplt l un ea e t a oft e e y r lt d o ny he o iia cams'( tNo. a ! 1 ) Re p n e ts e iial c aln e tecam t te rgn l li . Dk . 45 t 3 . s o d n p cfc l h le g s h li o h ' y e e ii dieceda Lihtoot Sc t a t i er ai ofW ea e a Shetn.(d. t! xtnt t s r t t g f , ot, nd he ntrog ton kly nd lo l a 1 .Peii rar st tt cam i tmeybe a eunde t sa r s tf rhi Ma ev. 6) ttone gue ha he li s i l c us r he tndad e o t n vl Felx,5 U. 644( i 45 S. 2005)t cli rltsba kt Hah' orgi fde a ha speii ,he am eae c o s s i nal e r l bea tton. Unde M a e a a nd e r lt sba k s l a t r i ai omm on c eofo r tvef c s' r yl n me m nt ea e c o ong s he e s ' c or pe a i a t . ' 545 U . a 659. The C o ta e w ih Pe ii rt a Cl i IB i tm e y, ih t e pton of S. t ur gr es t ttone h t a m I s i l w t he xce i t a pe t oft c ai t tr a et Li ht o . he s c s he l m ha el t o g f ot Ha h' orgi lpeii s t f ' fcsr adi t i siai ofSc t ( . 1 s s i na tton es olh a t eg r ng he nve tg ton t ot, DktNo. , a ! 2 - ) h w ten wl ee tdS eifsa tdteiv siain o e fo t b gn ig t ! 223, o h e y lce h rf tre h n e tg to v r r m he e inn wihls e re dpe s ,(d. t! 24- ,hei esi t s'c t e s xpeince ronnel 1 a ! 26) t nv tgaor onduc durng Shetn' t i lo s poied v lpe n me o s s cs b t o ar sswe ema ea t etme ( e g n r lyPe . h. , - 7 . ( t l e e o d u r us u pe t , u n re t r d t b i . S e e e al t Ex 1 4 2 )' Dk . c ' No 45 5a 5 . . - t) 2 Li f i m e i d i Has sbrefbeor t Vigi aSu e Cour, butt r i no s t ntve dic s on. 3 ghtoot s ntone n h' i f e he r ni pr me t he e s ubs a i s us i ( t No 45 5a 7 . Dk . . - t ) itr iw,I a ! 3 - 3 ,h ivetg tr ' o d t u igW e kly' itr iw,I a ! 3 ne ve (d. t ! 0 3 )t e n siaos c n uc d rn a e s n e ve (d. t ! 4 41, ndHa h' ta frfom t Cul pe Count J it t Al mare cha l ts le )a s s rnse r he pe r y alo he be l- rotevil Re ona J i,(d.a ! 43-2) He e,a1t fcua baesf t algai ofpolc gi l al I t ! 5 . nc l he a t l s or he le tons ie mic s onduc , es nt d i t a e d pe ii n, r pr s n e i t org na peii wih t t pr e e n he m nde tto we e e e t d n he i i l tton, t he e e i oft ale tonsc xc pton he lga i once i Li f .Ac or ngy, 1t a lga i e e t e m ng ghtoot c di l al he le tons xc pt hos r ga di Li htoo se fom atc e r ng g f t t m r sommon c eofope a i f c s'a t r a eba k t t or r tve a t ' nd hus elt c o he orgi lpe ii a a epr ry be or t sCo t M a e,5 U. a 65 Be us t i na tton nd r ope l f e hi ur. yl 45 S. t 9. ca e he a l ga i a i tLi f ta e no tm e y,t sc t s no c i rt m . le tons ga ns ght oo r t i l hi our doe t ons de he I . D i si V scus on Peii ne pr e sf urcai i hi peii f rha scor .Cli sI a I a e tto r es nt o l ms n s tton o bea pus am A nd B r Si h A m e xt ndm e i f e tve a s sanc ofc nt ne f c i s i t e ouns lc ai s Cl i s lA a I B a e c a m sunde e l m . a m 1 nd I r l i r t Due Pr es Cl us oft Fo t e h A m end e t he oc s a e he ur e nt m n. A . H as s I f tve As i t e ofCouns lC l m s Cl i sI and I h' nefec i s s anc e ai : a m A B I Cl i I , as as e t t thi ti c n a m A H h s r s ha s ral ouns lw asi f ec i f f ii t f l e ne f tve or a lng o uly i tga e Care . H a h a guest ta pr ri tga i w o d ha r al d i or a i t t nves i t tr s r ha ope nves i ton ul ve eve e nf m ton ha c ouns lc d ha us d a ti lt unde m i Ca t r st tm ony,whi h uli a el pr d e oul ve e t r a o r ne r e ' es i c tm t y ove da a ng t Ha h' ca e l Cl m 1 Ha h as e t t thi ti lco elwa i fe tvef m gi o s s s . n ai B, s s rs ha s ra uns s ne f c i or f ii t pr e a a t r t t or oft c i e ba e o e de e f o t c i e s ne a a lng o es nt n le na e he y he rm s d n vi nc r m he rm ce nd t s i ony f o l tga orCa t r H a h a g st tha c ns pr e ed a ale na e t r e tm r m nvesi t r e . s r ue ha d ou el es nt n t r t heo y oft ci i wo d ha under i t Pr e uton' t o yt ttte peo e Ha h, oby, he rme t ul ve m ned he os c i s he r ha lr e pl, s Kl and W eakl m ur ey, dered Scr ns. oggi St ckl cont ol bot ofH as sSi h A m endm enti f i ass s ance ofcouns ri and r s h h' xt nef ectve i t el cai .466U. 668( 984) Toprvalona i fe tveasitnc ofc e cam,a l ms S. 1 . e i n nefci ssa e ouns l li 34 p tto rmu td mo taeta ( )c u s lsp ro ma c wa d fce ta d( )ted fce c ei ne s e nsrt h t 1 o n e' ef r n e s eiin n 2 h eiin y i p eu ie t d fn e Src ln , 6 U.. t6 7 Toetbihd fce t ef r n e a rj dc d he ee s . tik a d 4 6 S a 8 . sa ls eiin p ro ma c , peiin rmu ts w t a h s( o n e ' rprs nainf lb lw a o j ciesa d r o t o e s ho h t i t u s ls e e e tt el eo n b e tv tn ad f t c o r s bl ne s' l a 688. l s doi t pe ii erS us i ntf t a t orom i s o of ea ona e s . d. t ' n o ng, he tton ç t de iy he c s m s i ns cou e t taealge nott ha bee t rs to ras bl pr esi lc nsl ha r le d o ve n he e ul f e ona e of sona onduc. JJ a t' -Z t 'l 69 Coursm us S nd gea sr pr umpto 't tde e eco elsc 0. t t s ul i tong es i n' ha f ns uns ' onduc f lwihi t t el t n he boundsofr s ea onabl c e onduc t a d t dit ri ofhi i ht Ya b o h v. ohns 5 t o voi he so ton ndsg . r r ug J on, 20 F. 329,3 ( hCi.2008)(uoi Stiklnd, 6U. a 689) I d,dc eli sr y 3d 37 4t r q tng rc a 46 S. t . ndee souns s tongl pr s m e t ha r nde e a qua e as it nce a m a a ls gnii ntdec s o i t e r i e e u d o ve e r d de t s s a nd de l i fca i i ns n he xe c s o ra o a l p o e so lud me t' tika d 4 6U. a 6 0. f e s n be r f sina j g n . Src ln , 6 S. t 9 ' Toetb ihp eu ie apeiin rç t h w ta t eei ara o a ep o a ii , u sa ls rj d c , t o e i s o h t h r s e s n bl r b b ly b t t mus t f c or ouns ' unpr e s ona e r s t r ul oft pr e di w oul have be n dif r nt' l els of s i l r or , he es t he oc e ng d e f e e . d. ' a 69 The Supr m eCour ha dei d at e s na epr biiy'as(apr biiy s tc e t t 4. e t s fne t a o bl oba lt ' i oba lt ufi i nt o r unde nec i ncei t out nui onfde n he come. l a 69 Spe iial tg he adefnda c lng ' d. t 4. cfc ly,iwl n ' e nt hale es ac ci t q si i whehe t r i ar a o bl pr biiyt ta e (ouns ') onviton,he ueton s t r hee s e s na e oba lt ha, bsnt c els e r s t f c tnde w oul have ha a r as bl do tr s ctng g l. I a 6 ,s a s r or , he a ti r d d e ona e ub e pe i uit' d. t 95. ee l o ' Ha ngt v.Rihtr 1 S.Ct770,792( 1 (t- lkei ofadifr ntr ul mus be ni on c e, 31 . 201 ) ûl i lhood -he fe e es t t s bsa ta, o j t o eva l.) Ho v r ta i n t osyt ep tto e mu t r v ta t e u tn iln t us c nc i be' . we e,h t s o t a h ei n r s p o e h t h ' i j r svedc wo l h veb e difrn .Grvv Brnk r 5 9F.d2 0 2 4 3 ( t Ci. 0 8 u y' r it ud a e n fee t a . a e, 2 3 2 , 3 - 5 4h r 2 0 ) (e esn a da r i ha e srle b c u etesaec u ti a s s igp eu ie a k d rv rig n wadng b a eif e a s h tt o r,n se sn rj d c , s e wh t e teEu ywo l n c saiy' a er a h dad fe e tc n lso b t o c u e' eh r h j r u d e e srl'h v e c e ifrn o cu in u f r o nsls dei inc .Furhe,snc t prj c d tr nai rquiest c tot onsd rt t aiy tce y) t r i e he eudie eemi ton e r he our t t ie he otlt c oft e de beor t j orj y ..avedito co l i onl we ys he vi nce f e he udge ur . r c r ncuson y akl uppore byt td he r c d i m or lkey t ha bee a f c e by e r st n onewih ove whel ngr cor e or s e i l o ve n fe t d ror ha t r mi e d s uppor. Stiklnd, U. a 6 .seas Br v.Smih,551F.d424, 4- ( hCi. t' rc a 466 S. t 96, e lo own ' t 3 43 35 6t r 2008 (f heet r i rltveyltl e de et s ppo taguit veditt begnwih ..he ) ç r hee s eai l ite vi nc o u r W ly r c o i t .t ma ntd o er r ne e s r f rafndngof rj dc wi b ls ta wh r t eei age tr g i e f ro s c say o i i p eu ie l e e s h n ee h r s r ae u l e ie c o g 1.) Fi ly afn i of rj d c i mo elk l a p o raewh r tej r h s vd n e f ui '. nal, idng p eu ie s r iey p r p it e e h uy a t' a f l e i pr s i oft r i biiy ofa ke pr e i w ines . See e. ,M onr ,323 F. a a s m e son he ela lt y os cuton t s , g. oe 3d t 31 (tft pr e utonha c idwih isdicos eoblgai , ve ,(hewines'l 4 t he os c i d omple t t s l ur i tons howe r t t ss l t si on woul ha be n sg fc nty unde mi a t r i ar sma e pr ba lt t t e tm y d ve e i niia l r ned, nd he e s ea c bl o biiy ha t ..pr e uto ..woul ha c lps d.'; he . os c in . d ve ola e ' Boonev. deik,5 F. 447,448(t Ci. ) Pa rc 41 2d 4h r 1 7 )(od n awrto h b a c r u s o l is wh r ih p o e uo c n e lda o fro 9 6 h li g i f a e s o p s h ud sue ee û e r s c tr o c ae n fe f t fv r bete t n t ( t in rs p icpa a c sr' n ih a t j r k o o t e a o a l r ame t o pei o e 'l rn i l c u e'a d d ld he u y n wn f h t l pr e utonwines'compeli moi tont e tbls ( tto ')g l,heei ar s na e os c i t s lng tvai o sa ih peiiners uitt r s ea o bl lkei isveditmihtha bee difrnf). i lhood t r c g ve n fee N o t l s ,i t c e ofaha a petton t St i kl nd s a ar ha be n ne he e s n he ont xt be s ii he rc a t nd d s e d ci da d es r be s l doubl def r nta ' be a e t de e e i lr vi w unde A EDPA ove l ps wih t y e e i l' c us he f r nta e e r ra t he d e e i ls a r underSt i kl nd. Pil s e ,1 S.Ct a 1 0- 411 Co t m us ta y ef r nta t nda d rc a r t r 31 hol . t 41 1 . ur s t i ppl t t o s a r sm ula ousy r t rt n s que i ly,' hi h ti pos s a ve y hi b de he w t nda ds i t ne l a he ha e nta l ' w c sm e r gh ur n f ape ii rt ove come, c us t e sa r a eea h ç ghl de e en i 't t sae or ttone o r be a e hes tnda ds r c hi y f r tal o he tt c u tsa j d c to a d,wh nt t a pl i tn e r ve i d u ys .' Rih r s nv o r' du iain n û e he wo p y n a d m,e iw s o bl o ' c ad o . ' Brnke , .11 1 112,201 W L 362038,a *7( hCi.Fe 6, 2)(uoi Harngt a r Nos - , 2 t 4t r b. 201 q tng ri on, 1 1S. .a 788 (iai a i ena quottonmakso te . 3 Ct t ) cttons nd ntr l ai r mitd) 1. Cl m .. 2 Tri Couns ' Fai ur t Investgat and Impeach PaulCart ai f4 al els l e o i e er Thi Cour r vi wswhehe t Vigi a Supr me Cour' hol ngt ti ca e Ca trs s te e t r he r ni e ts di ha s us re ' be c ed biiy wa s tcinty i a he byHa h' at ne r ar ng hi motva i f r i lt s ufi e l mpe c d s s tor ys eg di s i ton or t tf ng a be us t l te s di no pr de a tona i pe ch e i or a i Has ha es iyi nd ca e he e t r d t ovi ddii l m a m nt nf m ton, h s nots hownt tt ei ar s na epr biiy ofadif r tr s thad Has sat me ha her s ea o bl oba lt fe en e ul h' tol ys i pe c d Care w ih hi l te s ' Has 68 S. 2d at21 1 w asS nc r c t a deg e t t m a he t r t s e t r ,' h, 6 E. 3- 4, i or e t o i r e ha ti c n lso C ss lc igi j si c to ta gt wa a e r r lu d rt da h s o cu in wa o a kn n u tt ain h t i s n ro wel n e soo nd i j c pr he d i e s i l w beyo a pos i lt f rf r m i om e nde n xitng a nd ny s biiy o ai- nded di a e m e .' s gr e nt'' Rihads n, 2W L 362038,a * ( tngHarnaon,1 S. .a 78 87)2 TheCour' c r o 201 t 9 quoi ri t 31 Ct t 6- .4 ts r vi w i lm ie t t r co d bef r t V igi a Supr m e Co t Pi s e ,l S.Ct a 1 98 e e s i t d o he e r o e he r ni e ur . nholt r 31 .t 3 (o igj2 4 d ( )rv e i l tdt t erc r b f r t saec u t. n tn 25 ( )1 e iw s i e o h e od eo e he tt o r) mi The V igi a Supr m e Co tc l d t H a h' ti c r ni e ur onc ude hat s s ral ouns l sc e ' onduc w a not t s p eu ca c ifyb c us iv e dt eltesi Ca trsfd rl iea c ltv .Hah, 6 rj diil hel e a e t iwe h etr n re' e e a fl s umuaie s 68 S. 2d a 21 TheVigi a Supr m eCo t e s nedt tShelte sdi notpr dea tona E. t 6. r ni e ur r a o ha ' et r d t ovi ddii l i a hm e tt wha Has sat ne had a c mpe c n o t h' tor ys c ompls t o h elcii t tmony fo ihed hr ug i tng esi rm Ca trabou t r a i hi bewee hi t si o a i tHas a ar ton ofCa trs re t he eltons p t n s e tm ny ga ns h nd educ i re ' s ne .'Ll Has sa g ntt tCa trstsi e tnce' t, h' r ume ha re' etmonywasasgnii a ras f hi i tc nt e on or s c n ito , srj ce b c u eHah' ( te t t mii z t esg iia c o hi o o vcin wa ee td e a s s s C tmp s o nmie h infc n e f s wn a saeme st t polcea ti t tmony'weeu rua i i lghtoft fctt ttgl t tt nt o he i nd ralesi ' r npe s sve n i he a ha kat he ha ashe rng Has sat ne t tfe t tt y c i r d Ha h' pr ti lsa e nt t t be ai h' tor ys esiid ha he onsde e s s era tt me s o he 2TheCul rCic tCour a t Vigi a SuprmeCour boh f 4 pepe r ui t nd he r ni e t t oundt tHa h' tilcouns ' f iur t ha s s ra els al e o i tgaeCa trs ts t de i e pe f m a pr ng ofStiklnd.Res nvesi t re a ifed he fcint ror nce o rc a ponden c e t sagu en t onc ded hi r m t wh n h fi dt c aln ei i b ifn b f r t eVig na S p e Co r.Ha h 6 6 S. 2 a 21 (Th e e al o h l g t n rei g eo e h r i i u r me u t s , 8 E.d t 2 t e e e < Co m onwe t di no a m alh d t ppeal he cic tco tshol ng t t pe f ma ofHa h' a t ne a t i was t r ui ur ' di hat he r or nce s s tor ys t ral d fce tu d rS rc a .) Ac o d n l,frCli l t eo l q e to beo et sCo r i wh t e t eVign a e iin n e tiklnd' . c r i gy o am A, h ny u sin f r hi u ts eh r h r ii ' S pe Co r'd csonrg r igpeu c teutdi ad cso ta wa c nrr t o a u rao a e u rme uts e ii e adn rjdie < sle n eiin h t s o tay o, r n ne s n bl r a piainok lal etbl h dF d rla '2 U.. j2 4 d() p lcto fce ry sa i e e ea lw. 8 SC. 25 ()1. s ' polc a hi ti lt si on t bet bi s ditnc in bewe n Ha h' conviton a c ie nd s ra e tm y o he gge t si to t e s s c i nd odef nd tK l s a quit .' l e an oby' c tal' d. Not t t ndi t de er n i llnst oughwhih t sCour mus r viw t Vigi a wihsa ng he f e ta e hr c hi t t e e he r ni S p e Co r' r ln ,h Vig naS prmeCo r' c ncu inwa o j cieyu r a o a l. u rme u ts u ig t e r i i u e u ts o lso s b e tv l n e s n be A sno e a t d bove a sa e cour de s on i a i te s bl a i a i ' f r l1 w i t sa e , tt t ci i s n l r a ona e pplc ton' of ede a a f he t t ur c r d ore ty i n ii st gove ni lga r l buta i si unr as bl t t f c sofa ou t t r c l de tfe he c r ng e l u e pple t e ona y o he a t pa tc a prs ne ' ca e. . i unr a ona e i r f i t e e t gove ni l ga prnci e r i ul r i o r s s .or s e s bl n e usng o xt nd he r ng e l i pl t ac e i whih t prnci e s d ha c r ld. Cona y,45 F. a 581.The o ontxt n c he i pl houl ve ontole ' ' wa 3 3d t Vigi aSuprmeCour' decsonr af oft ssa r bec us i ( )i e r ni e ts ii uns oul hi tnda d a e t 1 gnord c t a c i be w ee Ca t ' t s i o a ti a t s a e e sm a i hi l te s w hi h on r di ton t n rer s e tm ny t ral nd he t t m nt de n s e t r , c i c tdt ltesweeno smpl cumultvea ( fiedt c i rt i c ltesi ndiae he etr r t i y ai nd 2) al o onsde he mpa t etr n Ca trso h n wrt wo l h v h do tej r , so p e t hssae n so co s re ' wn a d ing u d a e a n h uy a p os d o i ttme t n r s i exam i i naton. Fis,a tilCare tsiidt thewase ci û hi 'f hi t tmony.( ilTr rt t ra tr etfe ha xpe tng ' ng' or s esi not Tra . a 729 .Furhe hea we e i ' na ke i l si t J ki andl si t Ma khad t ) t r ns r d i whe s d f nvetgaor en ns nvetgaor c no' pr sdhi a hi I a 7 ) On cos-xa nai Ca tra te t ha ngs nt omie m nyt ng.(d. t 29 . r se mi ton, re dmitd o vi poke o I si t sJ nki a M ac a nve tga or e ns nd k boutHa h a havi r ue t d hep wih hi f de als n e e, s nd ng eq se l t s e r e t nc buthe c tnued t de t f c t the e c ed t m t hel hi . Spe fc l on i o ny he a t ha xpe t he o p m cii aly, Q:Youc le t i tgaor,a afe youga t m ald he nvesi t s nd tr ve he i o m a i di you a k t m t ti i wa pos i e f t m t nf r ton, d s he ha f t s s bl , or he o s a o yourbe l t t U . Atom e pe k n ha f o he S. t y? A : Y e h, di a 1 d. Q:Oka y. A : Butt di t hey dn'. Q:Exc eme us ? A : The di t- t y di n' t l t hi . y dn' he d t a k o m (d. t733 .Lae durngcos-xa nai Ca trad tedt knowi wha as tnta l a ) tr i r se mi ton, re mit o ng t ubsa il a s san m oton w asa s a ed t the ha o y t s ii ag ns d d ' pr vi us y i s i t ce i nd t t ha d nl e tfed ai t i one ude ' e o l n or rt g tas tnta a ssanc moi (d. t735-6) Ca trf t ra tedt the de o e ubsa il sit e ton. I a 3 . re urhe dmit ha kn w wha aRul 35( motonwa , cu al de e knowldgeofwhehe oneco dg ta e t e b) i s but rcily nid e t r ul e Ru e3 ( ) to f rtsi n i saec u t l 5 b moin o e t y n tt o r: mo Q:Okay.Now,unde t fdea nles youk wha aRul r he e rl l , now t e 35B i ,don' you? s t A : Yes Ido. , Q: dwh d n t o tlt j r wh t h ti? An y o ' y u elhe u y a t a s A : l ' w he e yo c e bac wihi a ye rt g tyourtm e c . ts r u om k t n a o e i ut Q:Oka Soyouc n f t r uc you sntnc i yo tsiy y. a urher ed e r e e e f u e tf w ihi t e ve m ont ofJ y 3 d of2000,i t tr g ? t nw l hs ul r s ha i ht A : I don' Ino i t s a e apple t t f d. t t w f he t t i s o he e Q:W elwhenyoucaldt -whe yout ke t t l, le he n al d o he i ve t g t s t t swha your- t ts wha yo ca l d t n s i a or , ha ' t ha ' t u le hem a ut bo , r gh ? i t A : he Ic l t i tgaor ? W n aled he nvesi t s Q:W he youc l M r Cl ea whe yout ke t t n aled . os nd n al d o he i s i a or ,was tt tf t pur e ofr uc ng yours nt nc nve t g t s n' ha or he pos ed i e e e pot i l entaly? A : Som e ha ,yes bu i s e w t , t f om body - t tc d ha bee m y ha oul ve n gr nd ot r yo g a a m he , ur r ndm ot rors ebo e s lwoul f e he om dy l e. d el s e y e s w oul do t s m e t ng f rm e om bod l e d he a hi o . (#=a 73537)(mpha i adde .Furhe,whe akedwhehe as t i asitnc o Rul J .t - e ss d) t r n s t r ubsantal ssa e r e 35( moton smpl rquiedt l ngt pr ec orwiht c s ,' re a wee çYe h, b) i i y e r û pi he os ut t he a e'Ca tr ns rd t a he t tsafdealcae.I don' synot nga utsaecae. (d.a 741 .Howeve ,hi ha' e r s t t a hi bo tt s ' l t ) ' rt s t tm ony w a f l e a m i l a ng. H a H a h' ti c esi s a s nd s e di d s s ral ouns be n i pos es i oft l te si el e n s s on he e t r n Ca t r s f de altl t y c d ha pr n i whie Ca t rw a on t sand. Spe ii a l re ' e r i e he oul ve ove t l re s he t c fc ly, Ca trslte st J re ' e tr o udgeM iha landt Pr ba i Ofi eoft W e t r Diti tofVigi a c e he o ton fc he se n src r ni s tbe or Ha h' ti lsatd: en f e s s ra t e * 6 ha t kldlt t D. ofCul rGa' Cl ea t t laddeeci s i t s t ve al e o he A. l pepe l os nd he wo e t tvelln hi y c s a t y a e w ilng t com e t co t orm e t t l how m y i or a i hel a ss a e nd he r li o o ur f o el nf m ton p s it t i t r gi c s a hel go t r giqma frmu d . ( re 8/3/ lte) hem n hee scl a e nd p t hee sc n o r er' Ca tr 1 00 etr. ' * ç1m veys et tlwilr evet motonfrRul 35( . ( rer1 / 20 lte) $' r ur ha l ec i he i o e b)' Ca t 026/ 00 etr. ' * tlm ve y s et tlwo d beg a e t Rul 35bm oto .. Sc tJ nki t polc i' r ur ha ul r ntd he e i n .. ot e ns he i e t tgs he ngt mur rc es dhewoul s a f mea myRul 35( .'Catr ha il adi he de as ai d pe k or t e b)'( re 1 // 0 0lte) 172 0 etr. * i t l t Ga y Cl e t pr e ut rofCul pe Co a t polc Sc tJ nki . 1ga $ a k o r os he os c o I pe r nd he i e ot e ns ve s e ke s a e e sa om y t t m nt boutt Ca t lM ur rca e on M i ha H a h. The bot a e he pia de s c el s y h r m o et n w ilng t t l o m y be l i c t lknow t tt s i e r ha li o a k n ha f n our . ha hi s nough t f l f rt o ie o he Rul 35b.'Ca tr118/ l t ) e '( re / 00 eter. Thus t l te s i Ca t r s f de a tl diec l c r di t d Ca t ' t s i ony, , he e t r n r e ' e r l i e r ty ont a c e rer s e tm de monsr tngt tCare beive hewa ei i ef as nt nc r ton ba e on hi tai ha tr le d s lgbl or e e e educ i sd s t tm on atH a h' ti l The l t e sc d ha be n us t i pea h Ca t r s s a em e t the esi y s s ra . e t r oul ve e ed o m c r e ' t t nt ha e c e t hi 'i r t n f r hi t s i o hi û ' ns rt t ques i ofw he he t xpe t d i ng' n e ur o s e tm ny, s t a we o he not no' ton t r he I tga or ha pr i ed hi a hi i e ha e f hi t tm ony,a hi s a e e tt the nves i t s d om s m nyt ng n xo ng or s esi nd s t t m n ha di tknow (i t sa e a i t t f d.' Furhe m or ,be aus Has st i lcot s lwasno dn' if he t t pples o he e ' t r e c e h' r a m e t a e t s c fc l c r di tCa t r s s a e e tt the e c ed i hi 'i r t n f rhi bl o pe i i aly ont a c r e ' t t m n ha xpe t d not ng' n e ur o s tsi n t j r wa no i o me o t ep tn ilmp c Ca trst si n i Ha h' til e t y he u y s t nfr d f h oe ta i a t re ' e tmo y n s s ra mo woul ha on Ca t r s f de a s nt e be us a 1t twasr ve l o c os - xa i ton was d ve r e ' e r l e enc ca e l ha e a ed n r s e m na i t ti m i htbe pos i e f Ca t rt r c ve a s nt nc r duc i C ft s a e a i st t ha t g s bl or r e o e ei e e e e ton l he t t pple o he i 40 fd' Th s tej r wa n tgv na o p ru i t a p e it Ca trsp wef l tv to t e . u ,h u y s o ie n p o tnt o p rcae re ' o ru mo iain o ' y f brc t hi t tm ony t ens e he r ce ve t m a m um s nt nc r a i a e s es i o ur e i d he xi e e e educ i pos i e ton s bl . Se ond, m plc ti t V i g ni Supr e Cou tsdee s on t tt l te sw e e c i i i n he r i a em r' i i ha he e t r r c mu aiea dt a fi r t u ete wa n t rj dca wa teu esa d n t a u ltv n h t al e o s h m s o p eu iil s h nd rtn i g h t u i e c me twih u telte swa j s a po ru a i e c me tb sdo t elte s mp a h n t o th etr s u t s wef l s mp a h n a e n h etr. H o e r t s m i a e ndst a i a e l w be a e a 1i pea hm enti notoft s m e w ve , hi s ppr he he pplc bl a c us 1 m c s he a quaiy. He e Ca t ' l te sno onl c a ne i or ton r ve lng Ca trstue lt r , rers e tr t y onti d nf ma i e a i re ' r e c a i ns t y c xpe t to , he onve d hi t ue e ye s r xpec a i nsm or pow e f l t n c t to e r uly ha ouns wasa et e i i el bl o lc t oncos-xn nai Se Unie Stt v. c l, F. 11 111 ( Ci.1 4) r se mi ton. e td aes Pa eli491 2d 08, 9 2d r 97 (e ri ac ci a or rngane tilwheego mme ha fie t dicos a rvesng onviton nd dei w ra r ve nt d ald o s l e win s ' lte b c u eS alh u h a peln' c u e p se s da a u d n eof mp a hn te ss etr e a s i jt o g p l ts o nsl o s se n b n a c i e c ig g a ma e ilwhih he e oie a ti l noneoft si or ton c t ra c xpl td t ra , hi nf ma i onve q t s f c uly a yed uie o or ef l s ( t slslte' l d,i caesdic sngt prj c sa r i t c e ofBrdv wine s' etrl. ndee n s susi he eudie tnda d n he ontxt a vi a i , he Su e e Co ta t Fourh Cic tha hi hlght d t i pora of ol tons t pr m ur nd he t r ui ve g i e he m t nce pr s tng t a t le de t ta w ine shasm otve t t tf f l el a o e en i he c ua vi nce ha t s i o es iy a s y, s ppos d t m e e y e o rl a ki a utm otve on c os - xa i to Se e. ,G i i v. nied St t s 405 U . 1 1 s ng bo i r s e m na i n. e g. glo U t ae , S. 50, 51 ( 9 2 (id n p eu iee e t o g Sd ee s c u s l io o syco se n n d s e igt 1 7 ) fn i g rj dc v n h u h t lfn e o n e vg r u l r s -x mie , e kn o g dicrdi g t ss t tmonybyrve i posi ea e me so arnge nt' Boone,5 s e t wines 'l esi e alng sbl gre nt r ra me sl; 41 F. a 451(ck wldgi t e nd fns c ms lsûe i atc 'oncos -xa nai 2d t a no e ng hat ve ù e e ot e' sarng ta k'' r se mi ton de wa n t n u ht o e c met ej r sb le iha ir se u o c ne t r whc t e s o e o g o v ro h uy' eif t t t e td p n o j cu e ih h t p o e u o ds u e ' ; n o , 2 F.da 3 4(ee tn g v n e tsag me tta r s c tr ip td' Mo r e 3 3 3 t 1 rj cig o e un n ' r u n h t ) not ihsandi m i si evi w t t ng s ng dence revealng gover ents agr entw ih a key w ines di w as i nm ' eem t t s, tt 41 o viust t ej r ta ( win sqe pe tdc n ieainfo t epr s c to i e c a g b o o h u y h t t t e s x ce o sd rto r m h o e u in n x h n e he frhe tiltsi o r ra e tmony' . ' ) The Co ti a s notpe s ed by Res ur s l o r uad ponde ' a t m ptt di i s t i pora e of nts te o m ni h he m t nc Ca tr s t s i ony a Has s ti . Re pond ta s rst tCa t ' cr di lt w oul notha e re ' e tm t h' ral s en s e t ha rer s e biiy d v be n i pea he by t us oft l te sbec us d rer sc edi lt w a e t bls d by hi e m c d he e he e t r a e l t ' r biiy s s a i he ca s knowl e ofcrtc lf c sabou t m ur r' nd ( y t kil s c d ha kno n s h edg ii a a t t he de ' a i onl he ler oul ve w uc deal, Has 686S. 2da 21 s eas ( . 48a ! 51 53,57) ort tCatrs tis' h, ' E. t 3; e lo DktNo. t ! , , ha re ' tsi ydwasnott onl ore nt mos i ra ,difr ebewe n g o a Hah'j e tmon k he y, ve he tmpo tnt feenc t e Klby nd s s til, ( tNo 4 , t 5 ) l fc, s o d n c n e e ti v r a g n beo ete ras' Dk . . 8 a ! 6 . n a tRe p n e t o c d d h s ey r ume t f r h ' Vigi a Supr me Cou t Aspa tofalne ofqu toni a tt evi nc i t c e, n r ni e r. r i esi ng bou he de e n he as whe a ked i t Comm onweat ha i ny sa e ntfo t pe ii ne plci hi a t s ene ' s f he lh d s tt me r m he tto r a ng m t he c ?' a t Com m onw e 1h r s he a t e ponde $ o, o Honor no w ha s ve .. Butprm a iy,w ha you d C Y ur N , ne t oe r.. i rl t ha i tsi ve s e tmonyfo Pa Ca trt tt de e da ha c e s di l ngdeal. ( Sup. rm ul re ha he f n nt d onfs e ncudi tis' Va. ' Ct OrlAr Tr a 20- 1 .Cl ry,Ca t ' tsi . a g. . t 2 ) eal rers etmony-bec us i wast onl e de t t a et he y vi nce ha Ha h c e s d t t crm e - wasa es e i lc po ntoft Com m on ea t , c e.2 s onf s e o he i n s nta om ne he w lh s as 5 Fu t r or Re po n ' a gum e f t r be aus i s e t hol Pe ii rt a r he m e, s nde t s r nt ale s c e t e ks o d ttone o sanda d t te n St i kl nd doe noti pos Und Sti kl nd ape ii r i no r quie t t r ha ve rc a s m e. er r c a ttone s t e r d o dipr ori a h eve y de a loft Stt ' tile de e. Se e. ,Stiklnd,466 U. a s ove mpe c r t i he a e s ra vi nc e c. rc a S. t 6 ( mus apeii r(s t tcou e' deiintc 93 nor t ttone dhow ha nsls fce onduc mor lkel t nnotatr dt t e i y ha le e he o c i t c e';Grfe v. ade 970F. 1 1 9( h Ci.1 (evesnga utome n he as ' ifn W r n, l 2d 355, 35 4t r 992) r ri nd awa di ha a r le be us di ti tc t e r pe ii rt S m ons r t a f r a i l r ng be s e i f ca e s rc our r quied ttone o d de ta e f im tve y t tbutf ti c e' unpr f sona err,t r ulswoul ha be n difrnf'. ha, or ral ouns ls oesi l ro s he es t d ve e fee ) 2 see a s i r Se ton I .B. ( ihl h ig i a c rc e i Ca trsiiil t tme tt t iv si ao s. 5 l o nfa c i V I h g i t n c u a is n re ' nta sa e n o he n e tg t r) g n 42 l e al t i r quie i ar s nde d, l hat s e r d s ea onabl pr biiy t tt r s ta tilwoul ha be n e oba lt ha he e ul t ra d ve e dif r nt w hi h i defne asa pr biiy ç uf i i ntt unde m i co i nc i t ou c e. fe e , c s i d oba lt d f c e o s r ne nfde e n he t om ' ' Sti kl nd,466 U . a 693rc a S. t 94. Thus t V i g ni Supr m e Cour unr a o bl a i St i kl nd whe i hel t t , he r i a e t e s na y ppled rc a n t d ha Ha h' tilc u e ' fi r t iv siaeCatrsfd rl iewa n t rj dca.Th sCo r s s ra o ns ls al e o n e tg t re ' e e a fl s o p eu iil i u t u fn st a Hah' til o s lsc n u t sp eu iil e a et eltesween tc muaie i d h t s s ra c un e ' o d c wa rj dca b c us h etr r o u ltv , b r t rpr ded die te de e t tCa t rled w hiet s iyi a pr ded e de e not ut a he ovi r c vi nc ha r e i l e tf ng nd ovi vi nc e i ie on c os - xa i ton ofCa t r spow e f m otva i t f i a e hi t s i o lc t d r s e m na i re ' rul i ton o abrc t s e tm ny. A c d ngl Has i en il d t ha a r le on Cl i l . cor i y, h s tte o be s e i f am A 2. Cl m IB . F ai ure t Presentan A lernat F/e/rpo h Crme ai l o t e l . ft e i Ha h a g st tt Cul pe Cic tCo tsr f a t fnd t thi ti lc s r ue ha he pe r r ui ur' e us l o i ha s ra ouns ls e' f iur t pr e te denc ofa a t r t t or oft c i e c tt e de i e pe f m a ce a l e o es n vi e n le na e he y he rm ons iut d fci nt r or n wa a o jcieyu ra o a l a p iaino Src ln 2 Re p n e tc u tr ta ti s n be t l n e s n b e p lc to f tika d. s o d n o ne s h t h s v 6 srtg wa r a o bebe a ebeo etetilû eat re s( rjt l te ewe en va l tae y s e s na l c us fr h ra Eh ton y wee od h r r o ibe t s pe t'byaCul pe SheifsDe y.( . 45,a !40 .Thi Cour' r viw oft us cs' pe r rf put DktNo. t ) s ts e e he Cul pe Cic tCour ' hol ng i lm ie t t r c d be o e t Cul pe Cic tCo t pe r r ui ts di s i t d o he e or f r he pe r r ui ur . Pi s e ,1 S. . t 1 . nhol t r 31 Ct a 401 The Cul pe Ci c tCou t i de ng H a h r le , l pe r r ui r , n nyi s e i f he d: l c n i eigt ettly o tee ie c b f r tej r , n o sd rn h o ai f h vd n e e o e h u y t a t evi nce f om t he rng,t sCo tc l s nd he de r he a i hi ur onc ude t tt a t ne f pe ii ne m a a r a ona e ha he tor ys or tto r de e s bl i s i to i o t e de e r l t d t t ot pe s ns nve tga i n nt he vi nc e a e o he her r o ofi e es a t e fe m a a r s na e de i i n t nt r t nd her a tr de ea o bl c s o o 2 TheCo tl 6 ur ookst t r s ngoft Cul pe CicuiCou tsopi on de ngha asr le be us t o he ea oni he pe r r t r' ni nyi be eif ca e he V igi aSupr eCour di notgr n Has sPeii f Appea ont scl m ,a t t Cic tCou tsdecson r ni em t d a t h' tton or l hi ai nd hus he r ui r' ii i t els saec u'd cso o t me iso t i ca m.Y1t . n e k r 5 1U. 7 7 8 - 2 ( 9 ) s h a t tt o l e ii n n he rt f h s li t s v Nu n ma e , 0 S. 9 , 010 1 91 . purue adef ns o t t r t tErc W e ke y was s e e n he heo y ha i a l i ve i t mur r nvol d n he de . ( pe rCi. .Op. t1 .I isra oni t c ti niidt c rc lgalsa r Cul pe r Ct a 9) n t e s ng,he our de tfe he ore t e tndad: tt t Si h A m e m e i pos s on c he xt nd nt m e ouns a dut t i s i t bec us r s na y e f c i el y o nve tga e, a e ea o bl f e tve ... a s sanc m us be ba ed on pr e s o de i i a i or e l lc c ca be m a o y s it e t s of s i nal c sons nd nf m d ega hoi es n de nl atriv siai no o to . (d. t1 - 9( u t g Src ln , 6 U.. t6 0 ) An fe n e tg to f pins' l a 8 1 q oi tik a d 4 6 S a 8 ). d ' n c r c l e a ne t f lze t S onduc a s t nta i s i ton i o ea h ofs r l or e ty xpl i d hat ailr o ' c t ubs a i l nve tga i nt c eve a plusbl lne ofde e e.. y nonehels be e f ci 'pr de c a iei s f ns .ma t e s fe tve' ovi d ouns ldoe no S xcl e s t d ude e c r a n lne ofdef ns f ot t n s r t gi r as . . Thos sr t gi c c s a tw hih e ti i s e e or her ha t a e c e ons . . e ta e c hoi e bou c lne ofde e e t pur ue a e ow e de e e e c m e ur t wih t r as bl s oft i s f ns o s r d f r nc om ns a e t he e ona ene s he p oe so a j d me t o whc te aeb s d'(d. t1 (u tn S rc a d, 6 U. a 6 0 r fsin l u g n s n ih h y r a e . I a 9 q o ig tikln 4 6 S. t 8 ' 81) ). H o e ,i isa i to oft e prnc pl t H a h' c e t Cul pe Cic tCour w ver n t pplca i n hos i i es o s s as he pe r r ui t e r d,e n whe vi w ed t ough AEDPA ' de e e i ll ns The Cul perCic tCour r e ve n e hr S f r nta e . pe r ui t e ane t tbec us Ha h' ti c el( )t r pr de wihnumer polc rpors xpli d ha a e s s ral ouns 1 t e ovi d t we ous ie e t whiht yc e a rviwed, a ( be a eihe dic sdt c ewih gn si tr c he opid nd e e ' nd 2) c us s y s use he as t lvetgaol ' t Care a hee anedt tt la ha go c d a t i si ton wa a a de d e 'i tr nd xpli ha he e ds d ne ol nd he nve tga i s t a nd, t ' wa r as bl c s e ona e onduc f rHas sti c elt no at mptt pr W e kl st tmony was to h' ral ouns o t te o ove a ey' esi f s a t notpr e a alenaet or oft ci (d . ale nd o esnt n tr t he y he rme.L=) Thi doesnot how e ,s ts y Sti kl nd' r q r m en ofa r as bl i tga i n. s , ver a i f r c a s e uie t e ona e nves i to Cont a y t R e ponde t s a gum e t i i nota r a o e s r t c choi e f de e e c rr o s n' r n,t s e s nabl t a egi c or f ns ouns lt e o r y on t t ng ofa polce i tgaton. Couns has an oblgaton t m ake is own el he indi i nves i i el i i o t i ndependenti tgaton and nott r y on t i tgaton com pl ed by t polce. See nves i i o el he nves i i et he i El e 661F.da 854(i ngc elspe f ma ewasdefce whe t weeûule mor, 3 t tndi ouns ' ror nc iint n hey r ç ld l 44 it i ci byt beleft tt polc weea rpr ch';Andes v. ohns 338F. no na ton he i ha he ie r bove e oa ' ) ron J on, 3d 382,39 ( hCi.20 )( uns wasi fe tvewhe S r le e usveyont 2 5t r 03 co el nefci n ' eid xcl i l he he i s i tve w or oft St t a bas d hi ow n pr t i lkn t g ton'on as um ptonsdi n nve tga i k he a e nd e s e ra i ves i a i s i vi ed fo arve o teS aesfls'.l d e t r q ie n o r a o a l iv si aini r m e iw f h tt ' ie ' n e d,he e urme t f e s n be n e tg to s ) patc al i ra i lghtoft f c t tSalurqt ma aras bl i tgain' riulry mpo tnt n i he a tha d il e o ke e ona e nvesi to ' f r nde sûa i onued t c i lde s on . .i pos i e. Be lv.Tr ,41 F.Supp. 65 699 e r t n nf a tca ci i . m sbl ' l ' ue 3 2d 7, ( . Va. W D. 2006) . I El o e t Fourh Cic tg a t d a i f tvea ssa eofco elc am ba e on n m r , he t r ui r n e n nefeci s itnc uns l i s d a f iur t i s i a e. A lhough t s a e' c s hi d o t f e i e denc c l c e a t a l e o nve t g t t he t t s a e nge n he or nsc vi e ole t d t he s e t pe ii r st i la t e i onduc ed no i pe c ne, he ttone ' r a tonz ys s c t nde nden a ys s oft St t s f e i t nal e he a e' or nsc evi nc 'a t dnotohe wiemitus t Stt sc s ag ns (hepettone l'El r 661 de e' nd ç di t r s sr t he ae' a e ai t t ii r. moe, ' F. a 85 54,861 Re r ng t dut t i ve tga e u r Sti kl t Fourh Cic t 3d t 3. ga di he y o n s i t nde r c and, he t r ui c me e om nt d: A he t s ptcim o au hort whie ge r l ad s bl i a alhy ke i s f t iy, l ne aly vi a e, s n a ol e ne e s t f a l w ye r pr s ntng a c i ntc r d w ih bs ut c s iy or a r e e e i le ha ge t c pia m ur r A fe a l t c t ansofa hor t i our a t l de . t r l, he usodi ut iy n d oc ac a e or na y pe e w ih i pe f c s ls a hum a em r y r di r opl t m r e t kil nd n m o i tons The d y oft de e e l w ye d st m a t tva i . ut he f ns a r û o ke he i a r a i t s i pr e sw or i t pa tc arc s ,'St i kl nd, dve s ral e tng oc s k n he r i ul a e ' r c a 466 U . a 690,1 4 S. . S. t 0 Ct 2052 a1o i to t tca - 1 blga i n ha nnotbe s r d be us oft l w y r s unq s i ng c i hi ke ca e he a e ' ue toni ontdenc i t e n he pros i ecuton. l a 85 A lhough f e i e d nce i no a i s i t s c s ,a t r i none ln ng Ha h d. t 9. t or ns c vi e s t t s ue n hi a e s he e s i ki s t Sc oggi 'm ur r H a h' t i c o r ns de , s s ral ouns ' f itr t pr e a a t r t t r o t c i e els a lle o es nt n le na e heo y f he rm ha t s m e e f tasEl or sa t ne 'f l e t c le e t f ens c e de e. I H a h' d he a f ec m e' tor ys aiur o ha l ng he or i vi nc n s s cas t Com m onw ealh' case depended crtcaly on H ash' aleged conf si t Cart and e, he t s ii l s l es on o er t a l s e e e t t tm ony ofW e kl y. Ca t ra W e kl y' t s i ony w e e t prm a y o e s r xt nt he es i a e r e nd a e s e tm r he i r 45 pic ofe d eesabls ng Has spr s nc a t s e oft crm ea esa ihi t e es vi enc t ihi h' e e e t he c ne he i nd t bls ng he Com m onw e lh' beleft m ur erha be n pe pe r t d by t e i vi l . H a h' c a t s i he d d e r tae hr e ndi dua s s s ouns ls e' f iur t pr e ta aler t t or i udi e de fom t c i e s ne a t t tm o a l e o es n n t na e he y, ncl ng vi nce r he r m ce nd he esi ny ofl tga orCa t r w ho be i ve t m ur rwasc m it by a s ngl pe pe r t ,m e nt nves i t re , le d he de om ted i e r ta or a Has w a pr ve e f om e f c i y c esi hi pr s nc a t crm e s e a t hi h s e nt d r f e tvel ont tng s e e e t he i c ne nd hus s c onne ton t t m ur r c i o he de . M or ove ,t Cul pe Cic tCour ' f t re a ton t tbe a e d a d Ca t r e r he pe r r ui ts urhe xpl na i ha c us i vi re D a t ot ri si t swe enotabl t de op a e de t tdiecl lnke t pe s nd he he nve tgaor r e o vel ny vi nce ha r ty i d he rons ofi e es t t m ur r ort Er c W ea e . t Cour c ude t ti i unlke y t ts h nt r t o he de , o i kl y. . he t oncl s ha t s i l ha uc e de ewo d ha bee alowe a t ti 'doe no rnde Ha h' ti lc el'f l et vi nc ul ve n l d t he ral' s t e r s s ra ouns s aiur o iv siaera o a eu d rSrc ln .( le rCi. . a 2 (iigJ h s nv. n e tg t e s n bl n e tika d Cup pe r Ct Op. t 0 ctn o n o Commonwe 1h,529S. 2 769,78 ( .2000 ) Ha Has sc e cond t a at E,d 4 Va ). d h' ouns l uced n i pe nti s i ton and notbe n a e t fnd a a i sbl e de e ofa aler t nde nde nve tga i e bl o i ny dm s i e vi nc n t na e t or oft c i e, he H a h' t i lcou e ' de s o no t pr s nta ale na e t or oft he y he r m t n s s r a ns l s cii n t o e e n t r t he y he c i e m i ha be n r s bl oweve ,t ti nott c s he e -l as sc rm ght ve e ea ona e.H r ha s he a e r - h' ouns lf ie t l e a ld o c onduc a i pe nti tga i n. H a h' c t ny nde nde nves i to s s ouns la ar t ha m a no a t m p t e ppe s o ve de te t o de l e de e lnki pe s ofi e e tt t m ur ra i t a s m pl r le on t ve op vi nc i ng r ons nt r s o he de nd ns e d i y e i d he polce' sa e ntt tt y coul notbelnke Be a eHa h' ti lco elne rpur ue a i s tt me ha he d i d. c us s s ra uns ve s d n i pe nti s i ton i o a ale na e t or oft c i e buti t a ac p e t polc s nde nde nve tga i nt n t r t he y he r m , ns e d ce t d he i e' i s i tve w or a c us ons i he e co d be n r as na e s r t gi de s o eihert nve tga i k nd oncl i , t r ul t o e o bl ta e c cii n t o sop t i s i a i ort f r us oft e de e t tt i s i ton w oul have t he nve tg ton o o go e he vi nc ha he nve tga i d uncover ' El or 661 F. at864.A ccor ngl t Cul ed.' m e, 3d di y, he peperCicui Courtsapplcaton of r t ' i i 46 t eS rc ln pef r nc p o gwa o j ci l u ra o a l a dHah' til o n e' h tik a d ro ma e r n s b e t y n e s n be n s s ra c u s ls ve pe f r a e w as i f t de i i nt r o m nc , n ac , fc e . H a ng es a i he t tt Cul pe Ci c tCour ' a i ton oft per or a e vi t bls d ha he pe r r ui ts pplca i he f m nc p o go Src ln wa o j ci l u ra o a l a t tHah' til o s lsfiuet r n f tika d s be t y n e s n be nd ha s s ra c un e' alr o ve pr entan aler e t y oft cr m e cons iut det entper orm ance,t s Courtm us now es t nat heor he i tt ed ici f hi t c n ie wh t e ta d fce t ef r nc wa p eu ca.Th Cul p rCic i Co l ddno o sd r eh r h t e iin p ro ma e s rj diil e pe e rut u' i t t c n i e wh t e Ha h stil o n e' d tce tp ro ma c wa p eu iila dtu i o sd r eh r s ' ra c u s ls ei in ef r n e s rj dca n h s n ma igtep eu ied tr naint i Co r i p r te t c n ie alh e ie c b f r i. kn h rj dc eemi to hs u ts emi d o o sd r l te vd n e eo e t t SeePi holt r 1 S.Ct a 1 n s e , 31 . t 401. Thi Cour fndst tH as st i lc uns l sf iur t i tga e a pr s nta a t r t s ti ha h' ra o e ' a l e o nves i t nd e e n le na e t e r o t eci wa prj iil W h nweg i tee ie c tec u t s A c n i e t e h o y f h rme s eudca . e ihng h vd n e h o r mu tç o sd r h ç t tlyo tee d n eb f r t e..u y'nd tr nn wheh rt eewa d r ao a e oai f h vie c eo e h .j r i ee miig t e h r s a e s n bl t pr biiy,ha butf rc oba lt t t o ouns lse r s adif r ntve ditwo d ha be n r t ne ''El o e, e ' ror , fe e r c ul ve e eur d.' m r 661F. a 868( tngStiklnd,466U. a 695) Spe iial i t c e ofaf l et 3d t quoi rc a S. t . cfc ly,n he ontxt aiur o i s i t c ai t Four h Cic tha s d C he c ts d ha e l t t c l c i ti l nve tga e l m he t r ui s ai l our houl ve va ua ed he ole tve r a t e de et t rwiht coleci e denc t tar a onabl i tga i oft St t s vi nc ogehe t he l tve vi e ha e s e nvesi ton he ae' f e i e de wo dha unco rd.'L.a 8 ornsc vi nce ul ve vee ' d t 68. a Had Has st i c h' ral ouns lc e onduc ed a r a o e i tga i n a pr e e e de e of t e s nabl nves i to nd es nt d vi nc a atr aete r o t ec i t a e ie c wo l h v s o tej r wh t e n l n t h o y f h rme h t vd n e ud a e h wn h u y y h e Com m o e t s m ulipe e r t rt or w asi ons s e w ih t e de a t c i e s e nw alh' t- p t a o he y nc it nt t he vi nce t he rm c ne. l pa tc a , tto rc dha prs nt evi nc s wi t t( t halwa of n riulr Peiine oul ve e e ed de e ho ng ha 1) he l y Sc oggi 'hom e whe e s w a m ur r d w a t na r w t ac om m oda e t z e pe pl a t r ns r he s de e s oo r o o c t h e o e nd hus i waslkel t crmewa c t i y he i s ommitdbyasngl pepetao , Stt Ha sH. . t248te i e r rtr ( ae bea Tr a 250, 47 25 ) ( )ted i rss a o S r g i 'r c , e o ee t ed ya rtemu d ra p o i tl 5 ; 2 h rve' e t f co gns tu k rc v rd h a he h r e p r x maey one m ie f om he hom e w a postoned ( unde ne t t s e i whee , whi h w o d have l r r , s ii t up r a h he t erng l' c ' ul mad id r difc t' o s nesxfe o tle , uc a Hah,od i (d. t257 )( e tt y fiul'f r omeo i e t r alr s h s s t rve,1 a ) 3) ve a he s pe t Sc t wa known t ha a ce st t s m ec i rrtet twa us t not r us c , ot, s o ve c s o he a albe il ha s ed o mur rScoggi ,( aeHa a Ex. ;4)Sc t lve wihi waki ditnceofSc oggns de r ns Stt be s 7) ( ot i d t n l ng sa r i, ( aeHa sEx. ;( )ama mac ngSc tsde ci i wass e t da atrt ho cde Stt bea 4) 5 n thi ot' s rpton e n he y fe he mii ne rt l ai wheeScoggns tu kwasf ( aeHa asEx.10 '( I tgaor a he oc ton r r i 'r c ound Stt be ) 6) nvesi t , J n is sae n t ts l S otwa n v rei n tda as s e t'(e knsAf. t!5 . n e kn ' ttme tha i l c t s e e l ae s u p c, J n i f a ) a d Biy mi ' , ( I si trJ nki 'sae nt t ha veys rousco ensa t c ci ofM i 7) nvetgao e ns ttme : t ve r ei l nc r bout he onviton ke Ha h.lbe ivet She ifsDe rm e i si to wa notha edpr ry.Bas d on t s le he rf' pa t nt nve tga in s ndl ope l e he e de a t c i e s ene lbe i ve i i hi y unlkel t tt r e t e ge boysm ur er d M r , vi nce t he rm c , le t s ghl i y ha h e e na d e s Scog ns'(e nsAf.a ! 1 . Thi e de e whihsr ngy rf est Commonwe lh' r gi , J nki f t 4) ' s vi nc , c to l eut he at s t or oft c e wei d aga ns t over l w e kne soft Com m onw ea t sc e, hi h he y he as , ghe i t he al a s he lh' as w c i l edno physca e de lnki Has t t mur r c pe st c l in t tt r i a nc ud i l vi nce i ng h o he de , om l he onc uso ha he e s r s bl pr biiyt t butf t f l eofHa h' c elt i si t a pr e a ea ona e oba lt ha , or he aiur s s ouns o nve tga e nd es nt n a t r t t y oft c i e,Has st i woul ha bee de i d dif r nty. Se St ufe v. le na e heor he r m h' ral d ve n c de f e e l e o fr Re n ls 21 F.d 1 31 1 3 ( 0hCi. 0 0 ( ndn p eu iewh r til o ns l aldt v od , 4 3 2 , 2 4 1 t r 2 0 ) t i g rj dc e e ra c u e fi o i e pr e c i s nee de s es nt rme ce vi nce howi i um e ousi nsse iswih t St t ' t or oft ng t n r nco itnce t he a e s he y he c s ' .Be a eHa hh se tbls e d fce t roma c a dp eu ie t sCo r ga t ae' c us s a sa ih d eiin pefr n e n rj dc ,hi u t rn s ) Ha h' r ques f rha asr i fon Cl i I . s se t o be ele am B B. Due Process V i at ons: Cl m sII and 1 ol i ai A lB I Cl m I A ,H a h a l ge t tt Pr e uton o c s r t Ca t r st s i ony and n ai I s le s ha he os c i r he t a ed r e ' e tm c ea ed a de lw ih Ca t rt tga hi f vor bl tea m en i exc nge f r hi t s i o onc l a t r e ha ve m a a e r t t n ha o s e tm ny a an tHa h.Hah frh ralg st t h Pr s c to t e k o n l u e Ca trsp ru e g is s s u te l e ha t e o e ui n h n n wi gy s d re ' ej r d e 48 t tmony. l Cli 1B,Ha h ar ue t tt Cul pe Count She ifsOfi ea t esi n am l s g s ha he pe r y rf fc nd he Pr e ut ' c os c ors onduc durngt i tgai de i d Ha h ofhi rghtt d p oc s . t i he nvesi ton prve s s i o ue r e s 1 Cl m IA: TheCommonwe t Conce ldDea wih CarerandOg eedPejur d . ai I alh ae l t t r r e Testm ony i Ha h a guest tt e de ee tbls t tCul pe ofi i so che ta e Ca tr s s r ha he vi nc sa ihes ha pe r fcal r sr t d re ' t tmony a ha a ag e m e twih Ca trt tt y f iedt dicos i vi ai ofHa h' esi nd d n r e n t re ha he al o s l e, n ol ton s s rghtt duepr s underGilov. td Stts 405U. 1 ( 972) a Na v.li s i o oce s gi Unie ae , S. 50 1 , nd pue Ilnoi, oughou t sa e ha aspr e di , Res t he t t be oc e ngs 360U. 26 ( 959 .7 Thr S. 4 1 )2 ponde de e kno edg nt nid wl e ofa a t m ptt o c s r t Ca t r st s i o A sr c nty asAug t24, 1 ny te o r he t a e r e ' e tm ny. ee l us 201 , Com m onw e lh' A to ne Cl e t tfe t tH a h ha be n t a f r e t t A l m a l a t s t r y os es ii d ha s d e r ns e r d o he be re Chal ts leRe onalJ i t becl e t hi co e.( os De Tr a 8 (tDlfns rotevil gi al o osr o s unsl Cl e p. . t 3) Cg ee e c elwa fom Cha l t vil a t y,y know, twa a l drvef t m t c ouns sr rotes le nd he ou i s ong i or he o omeup t o Cul pe a s ihepe t m s wha t movehi downcl e ..' .Howe r on pe r nd o t l d he ome t o m os r..) ' ve, Dec m be 2, 1 She ifH a ta it d t tH a h w a t a f r d t be expos d t Ca t r e r 201 , r f r dm te ha s s r ns er e o e o re : ( neoft i siaor a oa dmet pr et tHahbe Oj he nvetg t s ppr che o opos ha s ta f r ed f om t Cul pe Cou y J lt a c r c i lf c lt r ns e r r he pe r nt ai o or e tona a iiy i t Cha l t vil a ea a i w a m y unde s a ng t n he rotes le r , nd t s r t ndi he pur e wast o a n i or a i by t i or a f om Has . . pos o bt i nf m ton he nf m nt r h. . ldi notf lco f t bl a ovi t pr e t a f r d ee m ora e ppr ng he opos d r ns e . I t a lt d t i s i t t s k aut i a i f om ns e d, ol he nve tga or o ee horz ton r Com m onw e t s Ator y G a' Cl e be o e s d ta f r alh' t ne l os f r ai r ns e . y ( r Af.a !5,6) Subsque l onJ nuay6,201 ne ryfura ahal mont atrhi Ha t f t . e nty, a r 2, al o nd f hs fe s de ii Com m o ea t s Ator y Cl e tl d a e r t a itng t t c ve s i poston, nw lh' t ne os i e n r a a dm ti o he on r aton conc r ng H a h' t a f ra c e ni s s r ns e nd once ng t tHas wasm oved t Cha l t vil t be pu i di ha h o rotes le o tn t prs eofa i onna .( os Eraa (1 s pon i tme,Iasumeprort t he eenc n nf nt Cl e rt) G ome it n i At s i o he 2 Be a s Rep n e tc n e e ta Hahcnso c uea dpeu iewihrg r t t scam,h Co r 7 c u e s o d n o c d d h t s a h w a s n rj dc t e ad o hi li te ut r vi t cl m de novo. e ews he ai 49 ta f r lha aco s i wih Br ceCa whe en het d met tt She ifsOfi wa r ns e , d nveraton t u ve ri ol ha he rf fce s t nki abou movi Has t aj i wheet r wa as th.'.Res hi ng t ng h o al r hee s nic ' ) ponde ha as c e d nt s lo onc de t tE pr i e orag e m e w asm ad b J nki t the w oul i f c t l t t U . a t ne ha $ om s a r e nt e y e ns ha d n a t a k o he S. tor y onbe l ofCa tr i i fc a ke byt U. at ne o Care t do s ' ( d. s. . a haf re,f n a t s d he S. tor y r tr o o. Fe DitCtH. t ' 22- .De piet s conc s i , s 23) s t he e e sons Reponde manti t tHahhasnots wnhei e il nt i ans ha s ho s ntted t ha sr i fbec us t pr i e orag e m e be wee l s i t Je ns a Ca trw a o bea ele a e he om s r e nt t n nve tga or nki nd re s nott ki ofpr m ieora ee ntt tm us bedicl edunde Gi i a t t r wa no he nd o s gr me ha t s os r glo nd hus he e s vi aton ofH a h' due pr s r g s ol i s s oce s i ht . To e t bls a due pr es vi a i unde Gi lo,a pe ii rm us s sa ih oc s ol ton r gi ttone t how t tt r w a a ha he e s c n e ldp o s o a re n a t a t c n e l n wa maeil n t eeo ep eu iil o c ae r mie r g e me t nd h the o c ame t s tra a d h rf r rj dca. i i i a N a s ta cl a pr e nt e t bls ng t twhe e a ke w ine shasr ce ve i glo nd pue e G e r ec de , s a i hi ha r y t s e i d c i r ton o pot nta f vor i e ha e f t tm ony a lesa utt e f vor ,t t i l ons de a i r e i l a s n xc ng or es i nd i bo hos a s he ra i no fi. Ta snv.Can,51 F. 770,7 ( hCi. s t ar' si ' i 7 3d 78 5t r 2008) nNa t Stt sprncpa .l pue,he ae' i i l wine st s ii t td had r e ve no pr ie ofco i r ton i r t n f hi t tm ony' t s e tted ha t he ec i d om s nsde a i n e ur or s es i ' whe l heAs itntSt t sAtor y ha i f c pr iedhi c i r ton..' 360 U. a nt t ssa ae' t ne d n a t om s m onsde ai .. ' S. t 265.Not t tndi hi knowldge,heAs it tSt t sAtor y di no c r tt wine ss wihsa ng s e t ssan ae' t ne d t orec he t s ' t tm ony. l hol ng t ts h a f iur t c r tt tm ony vi a e t de e nt sdue es i n di ha uc a l e o or ec esi ol t d he f nda ' p o e srg t,heS p e Co r ra o e tth j r setmaeo t etu h un s a r c s ih s t u r me u t e s n d tl e uy' si t f h r t f le s nd g r la lt ofa gi n w ine sm a w e lbe de e m i tve ofguitori e e, i i upon s h e i biiy ve t s y l t r na i l nnoc nc and t s uc s l f c or ast pos i e i e e toft w ines i t tf ng f l e y t ta de e ubte a t s he s bl nt r s he t s n es iyi a s l ha f ndan ' lf o t s ie r lbe t m a de nd. l a 269.l Gi i buidi o Na ,t Supr m eCour r e t tnot i ry y pe ' d. t ' n clo, l ng n pue he e t uld ha o y i fiur t c rc pej edtsi y ad poc svi aton,butt tt Stt i rquie nl s al e o ore t rur e tmon ue r es ol i ha he ae s e rd t dicl es h a r e nt a undesa ngs2 Gi i 405U..a 1 55(e ri o s os uc g e me s nd rtndi .8 glo, S t 54- rvesng con cinwheeç vito r i Gover ntscaede nde al te tr yong pa tc a wine s' nme ' s pe d mos niel a riulr t s js t si o ' nd Gove nm e f ld t dicos t a ee ntbec us dc e biiy a awine s e tm ny'a r nt aie o s l e he gr me a e sr di lt s t s w a t r o e a i por a i s i t ca e, nd e de e ofa unde s a ng orag ee e as s he ef r n m t nt s ue n he s a vi nc ny r t ndi r m nt t af tr p o e ui nwoudb rlv n t h sce i it a dt ej r wa e tte t k o o o uu e r s c to l e ee a t o i rd bl y n h u y s n ild o n w f i * 1, . t, ) Un e Gilq fiu et ds ls i maeil n t sp eu iili it ef letsi n d r ci, alr o ico e s tra a d hu rj dca, fs h as e tmo y t c ud ..i a yra o a elk lh o ha eafce tej d me t ftej l ..'4 U. a o l . n n e s n bl ieio d v fe td h u g n o h u' .' 05 S. t y. ' 1 4( u t Na u , 6 U.. t 71 .Prj dc i si t e iti e t eg v r me ts 5 q oi p e 3 0 S a 2 ) eu ie s ad o x s ç n h o en n' ng wh e de i r s es i under i c i nc i t o c e oft i l' Kyl s v.W hil v,51 vi nta y uppr s on m nes onfde e n he ut om ra . ' e te 4 U. 41 434( 995) S. 9, 1 . Re ponde tsat mptt ditng s t pr e c s fom Gi i a isFourh Cic t s n ' te o si uih he es nt a e r glo nd t t r ui pr ny,Boone 541F. 447,i u r uasve.Res oge , 2d s npe s i ponde ta g t tbot Gi lo a Boone n r ues ha h c i nd i vol d a t lpr i e - a pr i e nott pr e ut a a pr i e nott a r t r s c i l n ve c ua om s s om s o os c e nd om s o r es , e pe tve y w he e ,t pr i e i H a h' c e w a nots fc e ty defnie t rs t t l lt tr quie r as he om s n s s as s uf i i n l i t o i e o he eve ha e r d dicl ur I s por oft sditnc i a Re ponde ' poston t tonl ce t n t s os e, n up t hi si ton nd s nts ii ha y rai ypesof a e e sm us be di c os d, ponde r i on a lne ofc e f om t El ve h Cic t gr em nt t s l e Res nt eles i as s ' r he e nt r ui hol ngt t(lj pr s ,age nt, undesa ngsdonotne dt bedicos d, di ha tsome omies reme s or rtndi e o sl e be us t y a e t a bi ca e he r oo m guous o t l e o a e oft m a gi la be ftt t w ine s t , r oo oos r r oo r na ne i o he t s o co . Unie Sttsv.Curi, F.d 1 1 1 6n. ( 1hCi. ) modii o ot r unt' td ae ' ts 380 3 31 , 31 7 1 t r 2005 , fed n he 2 I i ir ev ntwhehert ofe ora e m e e a t fom t polceo t Pr e t . Se e. , 0 t s rel a t he fr gr e nt m naes r he i r he os cuor e c. Boone 54l , F.da 4 051C-h poieaeas pat tepo e uin a dtetito tetali n ls ite ,ah rh nte 2 t 5 - t'e l r lo rofh r sc to , n h an n h r i s o es fh y rte ta h f c S ae sAto n y, r g lyo t en n icos r ' ; i dS ae v S to , 4 F.d 1 3 ,1 1n. ( t Ci. t t' l r e wee ui f h o d s l u e' Unt tt s . u t n 5 2 2 2 9 24 2 4 h r t ) e l 7 )Cwh tFBIa n)k e mu t i ue t tepo e uo '. 96 t a ge t n w s be mp td o h rsc tr' ) c o n s 4 0F.d 1 3 ( 1hCi. 0 5 (iigTa v rv Ho p r 1 9F.d71 , 7( 1hCi. r u d , 0 3 3 4 1 t r 2 0 ) ctn r e . o e , 6 3 0 71 1 t r 1 99:. 9 A lhoug t El vent Cic ts d i i i no bi ng on t s Co t t Cour not t h, he e h r ui ' ec son s t ndi hi ur , he t es t a ( )tede iini Cu tsi d si g ih b efo Ha h' c s o isfcsa d( )ta te h t 1 h cso n ri s itn u s a l r m s s a e n t a t n 2 h t h Elve h Cic te r ed Boo sr a o ng i t Curi de i in. Fis,i Curi, he e nt r ui ndo s ne' e s ni n he ts c so rt n ts t Gove m e di c os d t c m nt s l e he onve s ton be w e n t St t a t w ines r ga di w he he t rai t e he a e nd he t s e r ng t r he w ine swoul be e i bl f f vor bl t e t e . Fu t r or ,ahe m a ng t di c os et t s d lgi e or a a e r a m nt r he m e r ki he s l ur o de e e c ns t St t m e wih t co r tng wines a m a i e i tt tt r wa no f ns ou el he ae t t he ope a i t s nd de t xplci ha he e s pr ie o t pa t t G ove nm e t fl a s t nta a s sa e m oton. Fi ly,a t i lt om s n he r of he r nt o ie ubs a i l s i t nc i na l t r a he c oope a i w ines t s ii d tut uly t ta t r tng t s e tf e r hf l ha lhough no pr m i e ha be n m a t w ines o s d e de, he t s hope t Gove nm e w oul a s s hi a hi s nt nci Curi ,38 F. a 1 3. l t d he r nt d s i t m t s e e ng. ts 0 3d t 31 n he pr e ca e c es nt s , onve s tons be w e n Ca t ra t St t we e no di cl e t def ns c ns l rai t e r e nd he a e r t s os d o e e ou e , t r w asno s ppl m e alm ee i be wee t St t a Ca t rt c im t tno pr m i e ha he e u e nt tng t n he a e nd re o onfr ha o ss d bee m a ,a tnal a tilCa trle whe hesae t hedi note c a hi i n de nd i ly, t ra re id n t td hat d xpe t nyt ng n e ha f hi t tm ony be a eba ed o t lte she s ntJ eM i ha i wasc e rhe xc nge or s esi c us s n he et r e udg c el t la di Se nd, n Curi t El ve h Cic ta e d w ih t Fourh Ci c t s sa e e ti Boone d. co i ts he e nt r ui gr e t he t r ui' t t m n n t tf e t tve sm a i r as ..r e ncy'ofa a ee ntf f vor bl team e t l a ha s n a i nes y nc e e . elva ' n gr me or a a e r t n . d. t t 1 6( i Boone,5 F. a 451. 31 quotng 41 2d t ) M or ve ,Boo i s rki y sm iart Has sca e. I Boone, he habe pe ii r eo r ne s t i ngl i l o h' s n t as ttone ha bee c c e ofa m e r d n onvi t d r d obbe y a s a u or r r nd t t t y obbe y prm a iy on t bas soft tm ony r i rl he i es i f om hi a l ge ac om plc who had be om e a c pe a i w ines f t St t 5 F. a r s le d c ie c oo r tng t s or he a e. 41 2d t 449. The Fo t Cic tf ur h r ui ound a G i lo vi a i w he e a polce o sce ' s a e e tt t a i ol ton r i f r s t t m n o he cooper i w ines pr ort t i ,t the woul use hi i l atng t s, i o ral hat d d s nfuence w ih t Com m onw ealh t he t 52 Ato yi o d rt s et t(h wi e s wo l n tb p o e ue ' sn tds l sd.I . t tme n r e o e ha t e t s) ud o e r s c td'wa o ico e d a n 449. Att ha s e den i r he rng t polc ofi e t tte t the ha e pha i e t t he bea vi t a y a i he i e f c r esii d ha d m s z d o he w ines t td hi w a a lm ie pr i e a t twhie he w oul us hi i l nc w ih t t s ha t s s i t d om s , nd ha t l d e s ntue e t he Commo alhAtoney,t r i a elme ofrs hee'..bec us (hepolc ofie j nwe t tr hee was n e nt ik r . a e t ie fc r co d no c r t a tonsofot r . l a 449 n. . ul t ontol he c i he s' d. t ' 1 Def ns c e e ouns lw ass pi i t ta pr ie i e ha f rt w ine s st s i o e us c ous ha om s n xc nge o he t s ' e tm ny m us ha bee m ade a alhough de e e c t ve n , nd t f ns ouns lw a s ce s uli e i ii on c os e s uc s f n lc tng r s e m i ton t tt w ine s k d no be a r s e o pr e ut d i co m e ton w ih t sof e e xa na i ha he t s t ha t en r e t d r os c e n l c i t hi f ns .. . c ouns lgotno he e i hi efor t unc rt pr ec t i ba gai ' l a 449. I cl i e w r n s f t o ove he os u oral r n.' d. t n os ng a g e ,he Pr e ut bolt e t wines st si r um nt t os c or ser d he t s' e tmony by sai C tnotm ei a t tng i a i s nybod y m o e a t t l t tut t n w he t y a e s yi s e hi t ta t ly hur s . . A nd t ke r pt o e l he r h ha n he r a ng om t ng ha c ua l t .. a t tt ta a yit ghewine s,f i t ce whohasfe ya tedpatcpai i a ha es nd ppl t o t t s ) or nsan , rel dmit rii tng n f l y. .' l a 450. e on . , d. t ' Li t Boonec e t pr en c eco ensapr ie, w co e d by t ke he as , he es t as nc r om s no nc de he Res ponde ,by l s i t J nki t t l t t U . A tor y o beha fofCa t rr gar ng hi nt nve tga or e ns o a k o he S. t ne n l re e di s f de a s n e . Fur he m o e,lke Boo t Com m onwea t f l t di cl e t pr i e t e r l e t nce t r r i ne, he 1h aied o s os he om s o H a h' ti c s s ral ouns l On die te m i ton Ca t rt s ii t the w a no e e. r c xa na i r e e tfed ha s t xpec i a hi tng nyt ng i e ha f hi t tm ony a alhough H a h' t i lc n xc nge or s esi nd t s s ra ouns a t m pt d t r ugh c os el te e h o r s e m i ton t f c Care t a i t w ha I s i a o J nki ha pr i e hi ,he was xa na i o or e t r o dm t o t nve tg t r e ns d om s d m una e t ge s h a a i son.I f c ,Ca t rle s a i $ldo tknow i t s a e a i st bl o t uc n dm s i n a t re i d t tng ç n' f he t t pple o t fd'whe as d i heco d ge a s tnta as it nc moton f hi t si on i Has s he e ' n ke f ul t ubsa il ssa e i or s e tm y n h' c e.( ilTr a 737) M orove,whe cos-xa ne a hi moi to f tsiyi as Tra . t . e r n r se mi d bout s tvain or etf ng Cart st ed i wasds ewhat'f t pur er at t tom ' or he pose ofr educi hi sent ng s ence,butt i w asal o hat t s 53 be a ei ha co d ha be n my g a m o he ,yourg and o he ors c us s t ul ve e t r nd t r r m t r omebod es . lwoul y le d fe s bod elewoul dot s t ngf me. (d..Fi ly,i hi cl i agume te e l ome y s d he ame hi or ' l ) nal n s osng r nt h ' Com m onw e lh' A tor y bol t r d Ca t r s t tm on by s a i a t s t ne s e e r e ' esi y t tng: You know ,PaulCa tr t y wa t s es t you t ts e , re , he nt o ugg t o ha om how r aly bo he s m e he e t ts e e l t ro r , ha om how hi s nt nc ng i f de a s e e i n e rl co t f de alc t i c ur , e r our , s onne t t w ha ' goi on up he e. Thi c ed o t s ng r s i asae c t Tha ' t aly dif r nt Dif r ntpr ec o s s t t our. ts ot l fe e . fe e os ut r , difrn lws dfee t u g s e eyhn i dfee t a dld n' fee t a , ifrn j d e , v r tig s ifrn , n o t know wha elet t lyou.The e' no de lwih M r Ca tr He t s o el r s a t . re . t s ii t t ta ast w he hi s nt nc ng t ok pl c i e tted o ha nd o n se e i o ae n Cha l ts le t r ' no e d et twass how pur has rote vil , he e s vienc ha ome c ed orw ha e rby t Co m onw e lh her none wha s eve . Thos t ve he m at e, to r e a e t a l di f r nti s . r ot ly f e e s ues (- a 13 .Commo at sAtone Cl enow a t t ssae ntwasmila ng. J t 39) i nwe lh' tr y os dmis hi ttme se di ( o eDe . . t1 9 1 ) Cls p Tr a 1 -20 . l Boone, he Fourh Cic tf n t t r ui ound a G i i vi a i t pie . .t t nt tve soft clo ol ton d des t . he e a i nes he pr m ie' 541F.d a 451.l o s .' 2 t mpora l t FourhCic tsa e t tC a he t n wea ni tnty,he t r ui t t d ha i t r ha r ke ng t sg t a e f rc e biiypur esofa ag e ntoff vor bl team e , e a i ne s he i nik nc o r di lt pos n r eme a a e r t nt t nttve s ma i e s isr e y.'1a Thec tf t re ane t tt pr s t r c y ncra e t elvanc ' .. p our urhe xpli d ha d omie o e omme a nd lninc ( t asurnceofi)ma bei eprt byt pr s easc i ntu nt e e y wihout s a t y ntr eed he omie ontnge po he quaiyoft e de epr e g )t mor unc rai t agr me ,t g e trt lt he vi nc oduc d and he e e t n he ee nt he r ae he i e i t m a t t tm ony pl s ng t t pr i or' I Her ,t pr i e w a a s m ia l nc ntve o ke he es i ea i o he om s .' d. e he om s s i l ry t nt tvepr m i e a t pr i e i Boone. I s i a orJ nki had notye pr vi d t e ai o s s he om s n nve tg t e ns t o de he a s s a e Ca t e c e Th , nves i t J nki 'of e t as i tCa t rw ih hi f er l s i t nc rer xpe t d. us l tga or e ns f r o s s re t s ed a s nt nc m a ha appe r t be c i nton t sr ngt of Care ' t tm ony a Has s e e e y ve a ed o ontnge he te h t r s es i t h' t i ,t eby i easi Carer' m otvaton t t tf f s y. ral her ncr ng t s i i o es iy al el Res pondental atem pt t ditngui t pr so t s o s i sh he esentcas fom Boone w ih r d t t er t egar o he prj c a l i byagui t tCa trstsi nywa no t keye de eag ns Haha eudie nayss r ng ha re ' e tmo s t he vi nc ai t s nd 54 c re p n igyt eCo n at ' c s a an tHa hwa n twe k ( tNo 48 a ! 5 or s o dn l h mmo we lh s a e g is s s o a . Dk. . , t ! 4 57 .Specfc ly, s ) iial Reponde ase t t tHas inorst e f tofW ea e stsi ny,( t nt s rs ha h g e he fec kly' etmo Dk. No. a !5 ,a t tHas hasfie t e anho Ca trkne t deal oft ci 48, t 4) nd ha h ald o xpli w re w he tis he rme unl sHas t dhi ( . 48,a !57) es h ol m,DktNo. t .TheCo ti notc nc Fis,a dealdi ur s onvi ed. rt s tie n Se ton l 1A ,W ea e ha r c nt d hi t tm ony a t r ca t ton i r i bl be a e i i c i I. kl y s e a e s esi nd hat e n a i s ela e c us t s co r a e by i pe n e de e. Se ond, r obor t d nde nde t vi nc c Com m o e lh' A tonz y Cl e hasa it nw a t s t e os dm ted t tH a h w a t a f r e t t A l m a l cha l t vil Reg o lJ i t be puti c a tw ih ha s s r ns e r d o he be re- rotes le i na a l o n ont c t Ca t r a known pr s i o m a . Furhe m o e t e de i c t t tt r w e e re , i on nf r nt t r r , he vi nce ndi a es ha he e r i o i t nc esbe wee Ca t r s s a e e a t e de e. Spe fca l Care sa e t nc ns s e i t n r e ' t t m nt nd he vi nc cii ly, t r t t d o l tg t J nki t thea Has weei t smec lbl kf s vealda ,(e ki De nvesiaor e ns ha nd h r n he n el oc or e r ys J n ns p. Tr a 11 , ni fc Has wa onl a t Al mal cha l t vil Re ona J i frt . t 0)whe n a t h s y the be re- rotes le gi l al o wo niht a s ntonl t s ondni i acelblckwihCatr ( fetAf. t!!5,1 ) g s nd pe y he ec ghtn l o t re , Shilt f a 1. Ca t ra s s a ed t tHas s i he s Sc o ns t e tm es bu t c i e s e e de e r e l o t t ha h ad hot r ggi hr e i , t he rm c ne vi nc i c t Scoggi hadbe ns tf tme .(e nsDe Tr a 11 .Ca trsaedt tHa h ndiaed r ns e ho our i s J nki p. . t 0) re tt ha s ha t d hi t yhad tke ie fom Scr gi 'homea ha alo tken he ve ce; d ol m he a n t ms r og ns nd d s a r hi l howe rt ci se e de ei c tdnot ngha be ntke fom t home (#.t11 ve,he rme c ne vi nc ndiae hi d e a n r he .J=a 011.Fi ly, re sae Hah s dt ti ohe d t wa wihhi whent ydi t ) nal Ca tr ttd s ai ha ' Two t r udes hat s t m he d he mur rha g hi up onvi otpe, whihwa nottue (d.a 111 .9 I e ,I si t de ve ave m de a ' c s r . I t )2 nde d nvetgaor ' J rki ha now a it d t tt or s d ha be n done't ve i y C a t r ss or a t t( t e l ns s dm te ha ç e houl ve e m ' o rf re ' t y nd ha C a t spoi i m y c r rlw oul do i dif r nty, butt tSa t tm e 1w a doi t bes I hi nt n a ee d t fe e l ' ' ha it he i s ng he t c d'whieti ngunde t dal t oul ' l tvi l r he iy humboft s rf. (d. t1 31. he heif' l a 30- ) ' 2 The cour alo no e t tI tga o sJ nki a M a k di notr ew t not 9 t s t s ha nves i t r e ns nd c d evi he ebook fom w hi Ca trr a t e r ch re e d h d t i o Ha h' c n e so (el n De Tr a 1 2 1 4- 5 .F rh r r ,h l v si ao sdd n tit r iw eal f s s o f s in. J r s p. . t 1 , 2 2 ) u t emo e te n e tg t r i o ne ve s ki a yoh rimae i Catrsc lblc t c nim Catra dHaha tal s o e (d a 1 3 .Fial, re, n te n ts n re' el o k o o f r re n s cu l p k . l . t 2 ) n l Catr y y u ieW e k e a d S et n wa n t o y rp e . I a 1 ; c De . . t1 ) nl k a ly n h lo , s o p l g a h d (d. t 23 Ma k p Tr a 01 . 55 The e or t s Cour co l s lke t Fourh Cicui, ha Ca t r st tm ony c e r f e, hi t nc ude , i he t r t t t r e ' es i oupl d w ih t Com m onw e lh' A tor y' cl i a g e û nsiut f s e de e ofw hi h t t he a t s t ne s os ng r um nt t tt es ale vi nc co c he pr ec orkne ors d ha known'be us ast Fourh Cic tr s d ihepr ec t r os ut w houl ve ' ca e he t r ui ea one t t os u o ma sae nt whihweece l i ende t gi t i esi t t(hewine s kne de ttme s c r lary nt d o ve he mpr son ha t t s) w not ng a hi boutpos i e l ni ntt e t e ' and i t pr s ntc e, ha s h l ni n tea m en s bl e e r a m nt' n he e e as t t uc e e t r t t c d noto urbe a e t s t m sw e e e ie y s pa a e Boo ,541 F. a 450. oul cc c us he ys e r ntr l e r t . ne 2d t W ih r ga d t m a e i lt t Fou t Cic tha sa e t ta c tû us exa i bo h t e r o t r a iy, he r h r ui s t t d ha our t t m ne t m tei o tn eo t e( t e s' tsi n , ihwo l b afce b h sce iii a dte h mp ra c f h win s ls e tmo y whc ud e fe td y i rdb ly, n h t wei oft i pe ght he nde ndente de e ofguit' I a 451.I Bo vi nc l. d. t ' n one,t Fourh Cic t he t r ui c i r d t wea ons de e he knes oft phys c e de e a i tt i por a e oft t ee wine s s s he i al vi nc ga ns he m t nc he hr t s' t tm ony, w hi h t coo r tng wine s s t s i o w a t m os i porant 1 a 45 esi of c he pe a i t s ' e tm ny s he t m t . d. t 2. Uli tl t Fo t Cic tco ude t tat tmaey,he urh rui ncl d ha lhoughdll ts ofdeemi ngwhehe t r tthe a k tr ni t r hee i ate s bl lkelhood't te de eoft pr s off vor ete t e ..woul ha s r a ona e i i ha vi nc he omie a abl r am nt . d ve afce tej g n o t ej r i n t n e s o e'ep cal (n ac s s c a t i wh r fe td h ud me t f h u y s o a a y n , s e ily t a e u h s hs ee ' i i e na c lc sa i r nti pr biiy i al os e r w ines 't tm ony s nt r l onfi t nd nhe e m oba lt n m t ve y t s es i ugge t t s s he p siii o p ru y'wh nc mbne wihtePr sc trssae n d ihb tr se gh o sb ly f ej r , e o i d t h o e u o ' ttme tk c u te s d t e t ' wh prmaywi e ss ce i l y t eei ara o a l l ei o t a t j r wo l h v r a h da i r t s 'q rdbit ,h r s e s n be i l d h the u y ud a e e c e n i k ho dif r ntr ul.' l a 453. f e e es t' d. t Si ia l t s Cour w e ghs t ef e tofCa tr s f l e t s i on t tw asbol t r d by m l ry, hi t i he f c re ' a s e tm y ha se e Co m onwea t sA tor y Cl e sf s s a e e t tno pr i e ha bee m a a hi m lh' t ne os ' al e t t m nt ha om s d n de nd s ove al m i l a ng s r l s e di ugges i t tno s h pr i e co d i f tbe m a be a e t s t m s ton ha uc om s ul n ac de c us he yse w e e en ie y s pa a e,a i tt c pl t l c ofphys c le de c r tr l e r t ga ns he om e e a k i a vi nce onne tng H a h t t ci s o he c i e a t c r c or t s i ony oft o he w ines e . A c or ngl t Cour fndst t r m nd he ontadi t y e tm he t r t s s c di y, he t i ha 56 i Ha h' c s t eewa ar a o a l lk lh o t a tej r wo l h v r a h dad fee t n s s a e h r s e s n be ieio d h th uy ud a e e c e ifrn r ul wiho t f l e t s i o H a h haspr n Com m o e t s Ator y Cl e' f iu e es t t ut he a s e tm ny. s ove nw alh' t ne os s a l r t dicl e t ag ee e a s e ntbol t r ng ofCa t r sf s t tm o vi a ed Ha h' o s os he r m nt nd ubs que sei r e ' al e es i ny ol t s s due pr es rght unde Gi lo a N a oc s i s r g i nd pue. Cl m IB:M i onduc b Cul pe She W ' O-/c andt Pr e or' Om c ai I sc t y pe r r s fie he os cut s e Has c t s a s r e off c se de i m ic h ie e i s a t vi nc ng s onduc o t pa toft Cul pe ' She ifs t n he r he pe r s rf De rm e ta t Pr e t ' Ofi ei vi ai n ofhi rgh t duepr es .o I s pa t n nd he os cu ors fc n ol to s i to oc s3 n uppor of t t sar hi gumentHa h saesa E onviton ca notbebr ughta utby me hodst tofe $ s ns s tt s c ci n o bo t ha f nd a e e o j tc .' Ro hnv. lfr a 3 2U. 1 5 1 37 ( 9 2 .S eas UntdS ae v. f usie'' c i Caioni, 4 S. 6 , 7 -4 1 5 ) e lo i tts e Good n,674F.Supp.1 1 1 ( D.Va.1 7)(t r ma bes cr umsa si whih wi 21 , 217 E. 98 the e y ome ic tnce n c t gove n ntc r me onduc i s ofe i t ta c c i s d bes ta i on duepr s t s o f nsve ha onviton houl e sde oce s gr nds'af' 85 F. 33( h Ci.1 ) Repo ntc eswihapr e alagu nt ou ') fd, 4 2d 4t r 988 . s nde ountr t oc dur r me t tt Cour ca tc i t se de e be us pur uan t Pi s e ,t sCour ' r vi w ha he t nno onsder hi vi nc ca e s t o nhol t r hi ts e e i lm iedt t r cor be or t saeha a c ta muc oft se de hasc s i t o he e d f e he t t be s our nd h hi vi nce omet lght oi onl durngt c r n f rlpr e ngs ( . 45,a !93) y i he ure t edea oce di . DktNo. t .Howeve,ha ngf t t r vi ound ha Has ha m a a s es f s h s de ucc s ul howi ofac uali e e, hi Cour m a cons de a 1of ng t nnoc nc t s t y i rl Pe ii r sevi nc a nee no a es Pi ho s e ' pur r e exc pton. ttone ' de e nd d t ddr s n l t r s po t d e i Consde i t ca l a ofe de et tHa h hasc ef war wih de onsr tng i rng he va c de vi nc ha s om or d t m tai polce a pr ec oralm i c i nd os ut i s onduc , hi h s a l r l uncon e t d by R e ponde ,t s Cour t w c t nds a ge y t se s nt hi t fndst tH a h hasm a a s f c e s i ofm i c uc t t nd t i ve tga i vi a e i ha s de uf i i nt how ng s ond t o i he n s i ton ol t d hi due pr es rght a war a t ha asr le . Has se de i s m a i ed asf l . s oc s i s nd r n s be e i f h' vi nce s um r z olows 3 Theal to di c s d i Sec i I .B. alopr dee de eofm ico 0 lega i ns s us e n ton V 1 s ovi vi nc s nduc a ar i l d i Pe ii rs t nd e ncude n ttone ' e ie eo ap te' of s o d c .( t No 4 a 2 ) T eCo r c sd r t e a f rh re d n eo a vd nc f a tl mic n u t Dk . . 9 t 5 . h u t on i e s h m s u te vie c f n n ove alpa tr ofm ico r l te n s nduc butdoe nots ct aly dic st m a i i t ss ci t s pe ik l s us he gan n hi e ton. 57 Fis,Hah ha pr uc de de et t( )lteswrte byCa trt l tgaos rt s s od e vi nc ha 1 etr itn re o nvesi tr J nki andMa and( ar pons fom l si trJ nki t oneofCare ' lte swer no e ns ck 2) es e r nvetgao e ns o trs etr e t di c os d t H a h' t i lc s l e o s s r a ouns l Dur ng de ii t ke f t sa e habe pr e i , e. i postons a n or he t t as oe ed ngs I ve tga o J nki t s ii d t the r c ve t o ort e l ter f om Care a t t n s i t r e ns e tf e ha e ei d w hr e e t s r t r nd ha lvetgao Ma k lkel rc vedo ort lte sfom Catr (e nsStt Ha sDe Tr n si tr c i y e ei ne wo etr r re . J nki ae bea p. . a 65- .I tg t J nki t tte f t rt thebeive hewr eCa t alte butco d t 66) nvesiaor e ns esiid urhe ha le d ot rer etr ul notr c li t l te was s nt (d. t67- . e al f he e t r e . I a 68)31 Se nd, he r s t oft pol a e m i to gi n t W e kl y a She t we e co t e uls he ygr ph xn na i ns ve o a e nd lon r ne rpr edt Ha h' tilco el Asde crbe a ve oduc o s s ra uns . s i d bove W ea e f l hi pol a , kly aied s ygr ph exam i i s i decepton t ques i aboutwhet Has evert d W eakl he s naton, how ng i o tons her h ol ey hot Scoggi a wheherW ea e wasprs nta t Scoggnsmur .( ea e Pol a a r ns nd t kly e e t he r i der W kly ygrph t 2) Shet spol a rs t alorvea t ts le i he tsi . lon' ygr ph e uls s e lha he id n r etmonyi iai Hah. mplc tng s Spe tc l Shet n ga de e i a wer whe a ked d et sa e cii aly, lo ve c ptve ns s n s s he tt ment you ga t Ar s ve he polce l s ni r ga di M i a J s n' i ve e i The m a Sc ogg ns dea h,t e?'a i a t ght e r ng ke nd a o s nvol m nt n l r i ' t nz ' nd whe as dt dyouhea M i a J onplnt trur a kilThemaScoggi ?' ( lon n ke s Di r ke nd as a o o t e nd l l r ns ' Shet Pol a a 5- .Furhemor Age Ca ie ac riidpol r phe mi r r e dt ygrph t 6) t r e, nt nvl, e tfe yg a xa ne ,eviwe he r s t and t s ii d t t e uls e tte hat d anybody t tf ie t e m i ton t t s e entw oul tbe a ver ha a l d he xa na i o hi xt dn' y ce bl wine si myopi o ' cawieDe Tr a 55 .I rs e,heRes rdi e t s n nin.'t r l p. . t ) n e pons t ponde ague nt r s t tt r ulsw e e ta m it d t t Co m onwe t sA to ney w ho w oul ha pl ce t m ha he es t r r ns te o he m alh' t r d ve a d he 3 Aherti t lte w a dicoveed i Ca t ' f er fl bec us Care f wa de t l trt J ' ralhe etr s s r n rers ed al ie a e tr or r d he ete o udgeM iha . c el (e kn 31 / L t roCa tr.F rh r r, mmo we l sAto n yCls ha n w a mie , sp r o te J n is /201 et t re) u temoe Co n at e h' tr e o e s o d t d a at fh t fd rl rc e ig ,h th s lteso g toh v b e dsls d Whe ake ia S fr)ose kt tefd rl e ea po e dn s ta te e etr u h t a e en ico e . n s d f n û e gt p a o h e ea of p oe uo a te ma i tec lt tep o euo ..rs)otelv l fsmthigt a so l b dslsdt r sctr nd h n kng h alo h r sc tr.lo e t h e e o o t n h t h ud e ico e o t deens 'Com m onwe t sAtor Cl erpledt h,lt nk s 't r y ad itng t dicos eoft he f e' alh' t ney os e i t Yea hi o,'heeb m ti hat s l ur he lte sfom Ca trt t l tgaor a l siatrJ nki 'r s et Care s dhavebe n dicl edt etr r re o he nvesi t s nd nve tg o e ns e pons o tr houl e s os o Has sti lcouns . h' ra el 58 i hstl a disic t eCo n at sAto n yman an da dpe fl' oiy te n i ie n d ln e h mmo we l g h' t r e itie n o n ie p lc ,h pol r phsr ulsweea lbl t dee ec e l befr ti . ( . 51a !47 . yg a es t r vaia e o fns ouns l ong oe ral' DktNo. t ) ' Co mmonwe lh' Atone Cl ea tedd i hi de ii t tti ges t ofapol a at s tr y os dmit urng s poston ha if r uls ygrph ae i myfl,lwoul pr dei. ( os De Tr a 26 .Hef t rt tte t tif yo rq n ie d ovi t' Cl e p. . t ) ' urhe esii d ha d , u i kno ,i Iha a w ine st tf l apol a lwoul t nk t tt tw oul be e ul t y a w f d t s ha aied ygr ph, d hi ha ha d xc pa or nd Iwoul rvea t t wheheriwasveba ornot'( os De Tr a 30) Ho ve,Has sti d e lha, t t r l . Cl e p. . t . we r h' ral ' c ouns ldi notha e t rW ea e or She t n' pol a r s t . e d ve ihe kl y lo s ygr ph e uls Thid, he Pr ec i c e e neg i to w ih W ea e r r ng a pl a ag e m e r t os uton onc al d ota i ns t kl y ega di e r e nt h' ra , a e i i e ha f hi t s i o 3 AtHas st i l W e kl y, lke Ca t r t tf e t tt r w a n n xc nge or s e tm ny.2 r e , es ii d ha he e s o de lr ai t hi t s i ony a t thedi note c a be i asar s tofhi t si a eltng o s e tm nd ha d xpe t ny neft e ul s e tmony. Spe fc l t f l i e ha t pl c cii aly, he olow ng xc nge ook a e: Q:Okay.Now,ha yourceve a pr s f your ve e i d ny omies or t s i ony t e tm oday? A ' N o si r Q:Doyouhavea e cai ofa hi ha ni ny xpe tton nyt ng ppe ng? A : N o,s r i. Q:You' tl t yourat ne a t s core t ve aked o tor y bout hi, rc? A : Yes. Q:Di l tgao J nki orIvetgaorM a k,di t y d nvesi tr e ns n si t c d he pr i e you a hi om s nyt ng? A : N o. 3 Thea e d c pli a a st i udet s algai i Cli lA . ( t No 6a ! 1 1 3 ) Ho v r 2 m nde om ant ppe r o ncl he e le tons n am l Dk . . t ! 3 - 6 . we e, i Ha h' M e or ndum ofLa i Oppos ton a Re pons t Res nde ' Thid M oto t D im i sa Rul 5 n s s m a w n ii nd s e o po nts r i n o s s nd e An we,Dk. . a 2 )tecamsaedsu sds b tnieya p r o Cli lB.Th Co lc nieste e s r( tNo 49 t 6,h li r ic se u sa t l s a t f am l v e u' o sd r h s t a l ga i aspa tofCl i I B. le tons r am I 59 ( il . t6 2 .F rh r r, u igco igag me t h Co n at sAt n sae Tra Tra 0 ) u temo e d rn l sn r u n t e mmo we lh' t wy ttd o t tW e klyha no be prmie a hi f hi t tmony.(I a 1 1 ($ ha a e d t en o sd nyt ng or s esi LL t 28 ) û Now,dee e fns c ns wilpr bl tl you,( e e Shet a Ca trha lgota1-youknow,he ve ou el l oba y el W akly, lon nd re ve 1 t y' g t e c a i ofpr iesa t y t nk a 1ki oft ngs a e goi t ha n t t m . ot he xpe t ton om s nd he hi l nds hi r ng o ppe o he W e l you' hea d wha t y s i W ha e s c n t y do e e t l yo ldon' ha a l, ve r t he a d. t l e a he xc pt e l u, t ve n e catonofa hi ha ni Thee' nop o s sbe nma t me.) Howe r xpe t i nyt ng ppe ng. r s r mie e de o ' . ' ve , ne otai wih W e kl y c g itons t a e amet lghti a r por pr uce i 2011by t Vigi a Stt o i n e t od d n he r ni a e Polc . The J 1 2000,r po ti c t s t tt i W e kl sa t ne ha bee i ne i to ie une 5, e r ndi a e ha i c a ey' tor y s n n gota i n Er w ih t Co m onw e t s Ator y t m a a de whe e W e kl y w o d t tf a i tH a h t he m alh' t ne o ke al r by a e ul es iy ga ns s a Kl '( r l 6/5/ Re t.Theplaa e me tne itonsaecor ae byt nd oby.'Cawie 1 00 por) e gre n gotai r robortd he f tt tat ug W e kl y wa i ta l cha ge wih c pia mur r t pr lmi r hea i o ac ha lho h a e s niily r d t a t l de , he ei na y rng n t tc r w a c i d a oxi a e y fve tm e u i W e kl y t s ii d aga ns bot H a h ha ha ge s ontnue ppr m t l i i s ntl a e e t fe i t h s b uar ua y a K l 3 On Fe r y 20,2001 a t rH a h' c c i on Febr r 9, 2001 W e e s nd oby.3 , fe s s onvi ton , akl y' c r e wasa e d fom c pia m ur rt s ond de e mur r tm ael W ea e e e e ha g m nde r a t l de o ec gr e de .Uli t y, kly nt r d i o a pl a a e m e , s ntt whi h he w a s nt nce t s x ye r a e ghtm on hs nt e gr e nt pur ua o c s e e d o i a s nd i t i io me t ( e ke S n e cn H. . t2 ) mprs n n .W a ly e tn ig Tr a 7 . Fourh,t Cul pe i tgaor i r isbl co he W ea e r ga di ho t t he pe r nvesi t s mpe m s i y ac d kl y e r ng w o a we t i quesi and m a ha f d W e kl y i or a i a ns r he r tons y ve e a e nf m ton boutt c i e. A s di c s d he r m s us e a bove W e kl y hasnow r c ed al prors a e e st ti plc e H a h i t m ur rof , a e e ant 1 i t t m nt ha m i at s n he de Sc og ns a hi r a a i i c r bor t d by s a e e t by l tga orJ nki . Fi ly, r gi , nd s ec nt ton s or o a e t t m n s nves i t e ns na l I tgaorJ nki a Co monwe lh' Ato ne Cl e who pr vi l m ant i d t tal nvesi t e ns nd m at s t r y os , e ousy i ane ha l po tonso t i er e ofW e klyweerc ded, a tt tt si nottue (e ns ri f he nt viws a e r e or now dmi ha hi s r . J nki 3 Has s bm itd c e ofw e ey' c tnua o de si cai w ea ey' pr i i r he i wasco i d 3 h u te opis akl s on i nce r r ndi tng kl s elm nay arng ntnue on 5 1 00,5/ / 6/ 00,8 3100, nd 9 l 00. / 7/ 25 00, 20/ / / a / 9/ 60 De Tr a 7 ) ( o eDe . . t6 ) Thsi sg iia tb c u eteitr iw t a drcl p. . t 4 . Cls p Tr a 8 . i s infc n e a s h ne ve h t ie ty , pr eceded W eakl s fr ti plcaton ofHash wasnotr ded. Specii l i hi fr tt ee ey' i s m i i ecor fcaly, n s is hr i evi W e klyde e i veme i t Scoggi 'mur r ( veDe Tr a 21 25) ntr ews a e nid nvol nt n he r ns de . Ca p. . t , . Then,l tgaorBr ceCa (çnvetgao Ca e' ha a unrc dedc rai wih nvesi t u ve tl si tr v ' d n e or onve ston t ) W e kly a f l ng t tunr c de con s ton W e kl y c ngedhi so yand sae he a e nd olowi ha e or d vera i a e ha s tr t td wa pr e whe Has a KlbymuderdScr i .td a 20- . s esnt n h nd o r e oggns L= t 25) Fit i 1 fh, n 999,l s i t Ca t rs w a . W i s e rf e a t r i nc w he e Sc t nve tga or r e a 22 nche t r il t he esde e r ot lve a t tm e ofSc oggi m ur r H o e r I tga orCa t f ie t t ke c t of i d t he i r ns' de . w ve , nvesi t rer a l d o a usody t r fe a t s i, pie t f tt tt . W i hes e r fe m a c d t c lbe bule he il nd e t t des t he ac ha he 22 nc t r i l t he he a i r l t r c r d a t c i e s e l c tve oft f lngsoft s i tga i n,l s i t J nki e ove e t he rm c ne. ndi a i he aii hi nvesi to nve tga or e ns hasr c nty s a e t td he She if s De t e i tga i n w a notha e pr r y, a e e l t t d ha s t rf parm nt nves i to s ndl d ope l ' nd, ' asars thehasd r s rousc r a utt c ci ofMi Hah.'J rki Af.a ! e ul, s y ei oncens bo he onviton ve ke s '(el ns f t 6) . The c ul tve e f toft sm iconduc vi a e Has s rghtt due pr es . W hie um a i f ec hi s t ol t d h' i o oc s l Peii rdoesno ditng s bewe n pr e ut i la polc miconduc , si hty dif r nt ttone t si uih t e os c ora nd i e s t as lg l fe e s a r a y t ea h,t s Cou tm us .A l butt o ofH a h' a l tons- t tl tg t s t nda ds ppl o c hi r t 1 w s s lega i ha nvesi a or J nki an M a k i pr r y c he W e kl y durng hi i t r ews a t tI tga or e ns d c m ope l oac d a e i s n e vi nd ha nves i t Ca t rf l d t t ke cus ody ofa t tt . W i he t rrt e - c n be vi re aie o a t nd es he 22 nc s e il a ewed aspr e ut i l os c ora m i conduct s . A sr r t a l a i ofpr ec t i m i c ega ds he leg tons os u oral s onduc , he Cour as td he he t tt t ks tw t r he ( sonduc)s i e tdt tilwihunf nws ast ma t r uli co ci ade a o mic t o nfce he ra t ai s o ke he es tng nviton nil f d pr ces'Dar nv.W anwrght477U. 1 1 ,106S. . ue o s. de i i , S. 68, 81 Ct2464,91L. 2d 1 (986) Ed. 44 1 (ntr quoai omitd) Topr rvesbl er ,t defnda mus s w ( )iha t i enal ttons te . ove e ri e ror he e nt t ho 1 t t he 61 pr e ut ' rmar orconduc weei ope'and( iha s h rmaksorco uc os c ors e ks t r mpr r 2) t t uc e r nd t prj ii l afctdhi s tntalrght s ast de i hi ofafi til'Unie Sttsv. eudcaly fe e s ubsa i i s o o prve m ar ra. td ae Sc ez 293F.d 1 185( hCi.2002)' U. v. r 597F. 608,6 25( h Ci.201 . he t, 3 75, 4t r . S. Cao, 5 3d 24- 4t r 0) H e e t Pr e ut r sO f i e r he os c o ' fce ngag i a s re oflesa f iur st di cl e e ul t y ed n e i s i nd a l e o s os xc pa or e de e t H a h' t i 1c vi nc o s s ra ouns l3 w iho a c s t t s i or a i H a h w asde ed t e .4 t ut c e s o hi nf m ton s ni he opporuniy t e f c i l c os - m i t S a e sw ines e aga ns hi ,i pa tcul rt r t t o f e tve y r s exa ne he t t ' t s s i t m n r i a hei m otva i n t f l iy t i t s i o i to o a sf he r e tm ny. A sr ga dst a l ga i ofpolc m i c duc , he Cour l kst s e whe he t e r he le tons i e s on t t t oo o e t r he c onduc r et t lve ofû r o mico t' U. v. s 478F.d 2 235( hCi. t os o he e l s age us s nduc. S. Dyes, out ' 3 24, 4t r nvesi or e ns e 2007)3 He e teco ductofl tgat sJ nki and W eakly, whoc he W ea e s .5 r ,h n oac d kly' a we sr ar ng W e e sknow l dge ofc i e s e de a l ,s a t m ake hi s a em e ns r eg di akl y' e r m c ne t is o s o s t t nt m or r i bl ,rs st t l velofoutage usm i c e ela e i e o he e r o s onduc bec us t ac sw e e i t ntona a t a e he t r n e i l nd n t rl n g ie t Aknsv. pel, 8 F.d 1 7 , 1 3(t Ci. 0 )(co d c itn e o me ey e lg n . i Ep rv 5 8 3 1 8 1 8 8h r 2 09 i n u t ne d d s t ij r wil e e al rs t t ec n ce es oc iglv lb t gi e t o u t al (e ah o n u e lg n rly ie o h o s inc -h kn e e, u ne lg n c nd c fls b ne t t t ehol ofc tt i duepr e s'' (uoi Le s 5 U. a 8 ) l ed,he he hrs d onsiutonal oc s .' q tng wi, 23 S. t 49 . nde t ) Cour not t tt pa all bewee t sc s a Nike s v. ,260F.Supp. 8 ( D. t es ha he r les t n hi a e nd c ron Roe 2d 75 N. Ca. l2003)a ocae bvLeev. mpe t61 F. 11 (t Ci. 0) aesrki l br td La r, 0 3d 25 9h r 201 , r ti ng. n N i ke s n, i t tt Pr e uton' c s wast e i ly t pr duc ofi pr rpolc c r o notng ha he os c i s a e i nta l he o t m ope pot ie c onduc, t dititc ta r dha a r le,c ncl ngt tChers tngc ci ( ) t' he src our wade be s eif o udi ha t e uli onviton was ' t 3 Som eoft e de t t Pr e t f l t dicos m a gi rs t aBr v v. M a yl 373U . 83 4 he vi nce hat he os cuor aied o s l e y ve ie o ad r and, S. (9 3, ilt n b th Co r n e no a de sta b cu eas digo p eu iil r sc tra mic nd c i 1 6 )voai , u te u t e d t d rs h t e a s n n f rj dca p o euo il so u t s o s fce t war ntha asr i . ufiint o ra be elef 3 ç In ad ep o e sc a ln et e e u i ea to t et r s o dq e to i wh t e t ebe a iro t 5 t j u r c s h l g o x c tv cin,h h e h l u si n s e h r h h vo f he E e gove nmentlofk e i s e e o ,s outa r a f r s o gr gius o r geous t ti ma f ry bes d t s k t c e por r ,ha t y ail ai o hoc he ontm ay c nce c . Co t o S ca nov. wi, 23U. 8 3 8 n8(9 8 . o sin e' unv f a rme t Le s 5 S. 3 , 47 . 1 9 ) ' 62 ade a ofduepr es.'I a 91 nil oc s' d. t 8.TheNikes polc i siai wasmake by() c ron ie nvetg ton r d 1 prsurngwinesest i ntf t peii ra t pepert ;( ig vi ..c a e s i t s o de iy he ttone s he r taor 2) tgi ng) . ues nd gs nglla ngq tons'nwines itr e ;( s e sonofe ul t ye de e;a a ki e di uesi 'i t s neviws 3) upprsi xc paor vi nc nd ( l sorde tu tonofnot r ai t c 4) os sr ci es eltng o ommuniainswihke wine s .1 a 91 18. c to t y t ses d. t 4Li Nikes Ha hhasprs nt e de et t()W e kly' sae ntwast rs tof ke c ron, s e e ed vi nc ha 1 a e s ttme he eul c c ng;( e ul t ye de i t f m offie pol a e mi to weenot oa hi 2) xc paor vi nce n he or ald ygrph xa nains r dicos dt tilco ela ()co s l e o ra uns ; nd 3 mmuni tonsbewe nt polc a Ca trha bee l t cai t e he ie nd re ve n os a wer notdi c os nd e s l ed. Conve s l t Cour i no c nc t tl s i t r Ca t r s f iur t t ke cus o r e y, he t s t onvi ed ha nve tga o re ' a l e o a t dy oft . W i he t rrf e a ha i t s e f c pa i on w ih t bulet r c r a t he 22 nc s e il nd ve t e t d or om r s t he l s e ove ed t he c i s ne whiece t nl asgnii ntove sght rs st t l ve ofi r ous rme ce , l rai y i tca r i , ie o he e l é age out mic s onduc , a t r wasno e de et i c t s m ehi mor t n neglge eon t pa to t' s he e ' vi nc o ndia e o t ng e ha i nc he r f t ofi r Aki ,58 F. a 11 4(t ofie ' ne ie fiur t i siae he fce. ns 8 3d t 8 i An tc rs glg nt al e o nvetg t i onsse e orot rla i i ufi i tt esa ihc cinc s ki mic nc itncis he e ds s ns tcen o tbls ons e e-hoc ng sonduc.) t'. ' A c or ngl t Cou tgr nt H a h' r que tf ha a r le on Cl i l B be us c di y, he r a s s s e s or be s e i f a m 1 ca e Ha h ha c s s ome f r r wih s fce e de e, e r ngt m mm e i whi h t polc a o wa d t ufi int vi nc r ga di he rn c he ie nd Pr e uto handld hi c e t s os c i n e s as , o how t thi c c i was( oughtaboutby met ha s onviton s br hodst t ha ofndi sn eo j sie' Ro hn, 4 U. a 1 37 fe a e s f u tc .' c i 3 2 S. t 7 -4. ' V . C oncl on usi Not t tndi t hi hl de e e ilAEDPA smz r t Co ttndst tHas i wihsa ng he g y f r nta t da d, he ur i ha hs e ildt ha ascor r i unde 28U. C.j2254.Ha ngr viwedt vol nousr o d ntte o be pus elef r S. vi e e he umi ec r i t sca e t Cour i dit be byt mic ni geo j tc t tocc rdi t sc ea n hi s ,he ts sur d he s a a f usie ha ure n hi as nd fndst tHa h' tili a e mpl ofa Gtxte maf tonl i t saeci nalusie i ha s s ra s n xn e n ûe rme lunci ) n he tt rmi j tc 63 s tmg.' Ha yse l'' ningt 1 S.Cta 786( i J c onv.Viai a, U. 307,33 n. on, 31 . t quotng a ks r ni 443 S. 2 5 ( 979) Fo t f egoi ras ,heCour GRANTSHah' peii f awrto ha a 1 ). r he or ng e ons t t s s tton or i f be s c pusw ih r pec t e c ofhi f cl i s Pe ii r scon c i a s nt nc a e or t es t o a h s our a m . ttone ' vi ton nd e e e r VACATED.Res ponde s l et rr ty Peii rwihi ar as nabl tm e no t e e d sx nt hal ihe er ttone t n e o e i , t o xc e i ()mo hs orrlas hi Ana r it ore s l is 6 nt , ee e m. pp oprae d r halsue. ENTER:Thi 7. &=yofFe uay, 2012. s V da br r Se orU nied St t D i ti tJ ni t a es s r c udg 64
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