-RSB Williams v. Calton, No. 7:2010cv00075 - Document 123 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/12/2012. (ssm)
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CLERK' OFFCE U..DI COURT S I S ST. ATROANOKE, A V FIED L I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRI O F V I CT RGW I A ROAN O KE DI I ON V SI MA2 13 2 1 92 J UL . AX CL DUDI BY: î J M ES W I AM S, A LLI Pl i t f, a n if P W Ci lA c i n N o.7: 0- vvi t o 1 c 00075 M EM O R AN D UM O PI O N NI L.CA LTON , By: Hon.Gln E.Con a e rd Chi fU nie St t s D it i tJ e t d a e s rc udge D e e nt f nda . 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Hu s nv. c il n,5 U. 1 7 e tr po he fie s u jcie n e t d o M M li 03 S. , a ( 992) J ks v.Flthe ,Ci lAci No.7: 1 ; ac on ec r vi ton 09CV00 2011W L 1 408, 97954,a t * ( . Va J 1 ,2011;McKi v v.J o C/ No.22 1 3,201 9 W D. . an. 8 ) nne ohns n, A 09- 35 0 W L 346311 a * ( S. Se .2,201 ) Buti an e nt t c tc nno 0, t 4 D. C. pt 0. n y ve , he our n t c n l d t te nu de teNo ma rgme t ec tlg eo ij re alg db o cu e ha, ve n r h r n e i ,h aao u f nu is le e y W ila s w e e m e e y de m i m i . A c or Be l v. J hns Ci l A c i N o. li m r rl ni s c d l o on, vi ton 7: c 21 2011 W L 1 09-v- 4, 226003,a *8 n. ( . Va M a.30,2011 ;Owe v. t 4 W D. . r ) ns J fes C/ No.0: 2888,201 W L 31 48,a *6 ( S. M a 4,201 ) efron, A 090 701 t D. C. y 0. Acc di y, Ca t n i not e il d t q lt e i m uniy w ih r s c t or ngl lo s ntte o ua ii d m t t e pe t o W il ms e e sv f re cam. Hi moin f r s mmay j dg n mus li ' xc sie o c li a s t o u r u me t t o t r f e be de e he e or ni d. W ila ,2011W L 1 lims 598775, * (ntr lciai omitd) at 6 i ena tton te . The ea tr i a O c o r6,2011 m e o a um o ni t c tde e Calo s r fe , n n t be m r nd pi on, he our ni d t n' mo infr u g n o tepla ig , g i rj cighsq aiidi nt ag me t Afe to o j d me t n h e dn s a an ee tn i u l e mmu i r u n . tr f y r c tng t l nguage f om t pr vi opi on quot d a e ii he a r he e ous ni e bove t c t e t tCalon c t d , he our not d ha t ie t r c ntde ii nsi whi h aprs ofi ilwa g a e q ii d i t t ba e on No m a wo e e c so n c ion fca s r ntd ualfe mm miy s d r n a is pr ny ast conduc t toc ur e be o e t de i i n i W iki . Se Chn be s v. nd t oge o t ha c r d f r he c s o n l ns e m r Pe ook,641F. 898,908(t Ci. 1 (i ngt t unde t lw att tmeoft mwc 3d 8h r 201 ) fndi ha, r he a he i he a l ged e e s ve f ce ta r as le xc s i or , ç e onabl of i rc d ha bele d t asl ng ashe di not e fce oul ve i ve hat o d c us mor t n demi mi ij yt a arse hi acinswo dnotrm aouloft Fourh a e e ha ni s nur o n re te, s to ul t f he t Ame me ) M or v. ohns No.7: c 00515 2011W L 3 nd nf'; va J on, 09-v, 420650,a *7( . Va. t W D. Aug. 4,2011 ( sr J.ti e rye tbls dlw i t scrui durngDe e r20 rquie a ) Kie, ) d a l sa ihe a n hi ic t i cl c mbe 07 e rd 5 pli ife re i a tona ec u a unus lpunihme t s f rmor t n a demi mi antf xpe i nc ng c i bl r el nd ua s nt o ufe e ha ni s ij yorr c vef ceCe nur e ei or rpugnan t t c ce ofma nd,'( tngNor n,25F.da t o he ons ince nki '' quoi ma 3 t 1 :.I r pondi t t dee ntsqualfedi 263 n es ng o he fnda ' ii mmuniyagumen basd o t s t c s s t r t e n he e wo a e , t c tsa e tf e de sonsi Cha r a M o v a enotcontoli 1w t tt sc ti he our tt d: ç ' cii n -h mbe s nd r a r r lng a ha hi our s bomdt a pl hee M o e ve, . n ih rc s ivov dalg d ij re t teimaeta t o p y r . r o r . . et e ae n le le e n u is o h n t h t r uie sic s. W iln s 2011W L 473741 a # eq r d tt he ' lim , ' 0, t 4. Theco tr m ansco nc t t bas on t e de pr e e a ti l ar s ur e i nvi ed ha , ed he vi nce es nt d t ra , ea onabl e j r rc ul tn ta tepan ifs fee mo eta ad mii sij r a dt th d fn a ts u o o d i d h t h litf u fr d r h n e n mi n uy n ha te ee d n ' ac i nsw e e c m it m a i ous y a s ditc l to r om ted lci l nd a s i aly.Henc t e de e a e, he vi nc dduce a t i l d t ra s upporst co l i r c by t c ti ispr vi opi ons s cik a l t tt t he nc us on ea hed he our n t e ous ni - pe t ly, ha he de e f ndan i note ild t qua ii i ts ntte o lfed mmuniyunde eihe Nor t r t r man o W iki Bas d on t s r l ns. e hi lga concuson,t c t l de y t pl n ifsmoto f ra ne ti on qua ii d i e l l i he our wil n he aitf in o w ral lfe mmuniy t g ounds r . b. Pl ntiff l t adduce evi ai f aied o dence t Cal on act m alci l and hat t ed i ousy sadi t caly f t ver purpos of causi harm s i l or he y e ng To e tbls acli unde t Ei ht Am e m e , i t mus s sa ih am r he g h nd nt an nma e t how t tt ha he de e nti lc e u n hi u c s r a wa o pan a s frng.W hil y v. be s f nda nti t d po m nne es a y nd nt n i nd ufe i te Al r , 475U. 31 31 ( 986) Cg Eiht Ame nta l i ne esiaesi r ast whehe S. 2, 9 1 . tAnq g h ndme nayss c stt nquiy o t r ap io o tca a t dwihas fi in l c la esaeo mid(u j ci c mpo e t a d rs n f il ce t u tce ty up bl tt f n s be t o n n) n i ve wh t e ted prv to s fe e o ij r ifitdo t eimaewa s fiin l s ro s eh r h e iain u fr d r nu y n lce n h n t s u fce ty eiu (b e tveco ne l' W ila v. ni n, F. 756,761( hCi.1 . o j ci mpo nt. lims Be ami 77 3d ' 4t r 996) Cat sagumen ont i tntmotonsti e st s j ci compone oft st lon' r t he nsa i rgg r he ub e tve nt hi wopr d i r Spe ii ly,hes j ci co onge nquiy. cfcal t ube tve mpone de ndst tt i t de nsrt nt ma ha he nmae mo tae t t ofi i a i d f r e m a i i l a s di tc ly f t ve' pur e ofc us ng ha m , hat he f c al pple o e lc ous y nd a si a l or he l y pos a i r r t rt n a pa tofa g a he ha s r ood-at e f t om ant i orr so edici i Huds 5 U. a 7. f ih for t i an e t r s plne. on, 03 S. t Afe we g ngt ssa r ag ns t evi ncepr s n e a ti ,hec tc l st tt tr i hi hi tnda d ai t he de e e t d t ral t our onc ude ha he d fn a tsag me t tb rj ce ee d n ' r u n mus e ee td.Afe b igp e e tdwiht e i e c fo b t tr en r sn e t he v d n e r m oh pat s tej r ee tdt ce i tep an ifse i é c o e t ed fnd n ' e d n e fn ig ri ,h u y lce o rdt h litf v d n e v r h ee a ts vie c , idn e t tt de e nta t d m a i i l and s di tc ly f rt ve y pur e ofca i ha m t t ha he f nda c e lc ous y a s i a l o he r pos us ng r o he pl i if antf. l a ncng t sa gument t de e ntpoi soutt t durng isdelbe ai ,he n dva i hi r ,he f nda nt ha , i t i r tons t j r p s dawrte q e to t tec u t Th q e t n s b te t t ec u t ytej r d rn uy oe i n u sin o h o r. e u si u mi d o h o r b h u y u ig t o t d l eain d e n t ei t ec u tsde iint rj c t ed fn a tsag me t T q eto ei rto s o s o b le h o r' cso o ee t h ee d n ' r u n . he u sin b s b te b tej r p o d d:t Iwefn ta plitf ha etb ih dta t lv l f u mitd y h u y r vie t ' id h t an if s sa ls e h t he e e o CaI phys c f r e a i d by La r nce Ca t wasm o e t n ti a and c us t pl i ifha m i al o c pple w e lon r ha rvi l a ed he a ntf r o Fe .1 , 0 8 (e vn o ttepat b u maiiu l & s dsial f rtev r pupo eo n b 2 2 0 ? la ig u h r a o t lco sy a itc ly o h ey r s f c u i p an ifh r (1'Thec u trae t i q sina a iq r a t wh t rtej r a sng litf am).' o r te td h s ueto s n n uiy s o ehe h uy co d fnd t def nda la e f r s e l s rnon ul i he e nt i bl o om es e cons iutona t t s h asas a ta ba t r tt i l or, uc s ul nd te y u d rsaelw.Thec ur a s rdti q e to i t en g tv , n c a g dtej r t n e tt a o t n wee h s u si n n h e aie a d h r e h u y o c i rt i tu tonsgi n byt cour a t t sa r t tt pl i ifwa r quie t onsde he nsr c i ve he t s o he tnda d ha he antf s e r d o me i or rt e t bls a Ei h Ame e vi ai n.Ahe r um i isde i r tonsa et n de o sa ih n ght ndm nt ol to r es ng t lbe ai nd c n iei gt ec u tsisr cin s e iial ,h th j r c udno dse a dt o sd rn h o r' n tu to s p cfc ly t a te u y o l t irg r he r quie e t tt pl ntf pr t tt def ntac e m alci l a s s i ly t e r m nt ha he ai if ove ha he enda td i ous y nd adi tca l - he j r si rt r e av r it nt ep an ifsfv r On ea an c n ie igt ec n t uin l u y tl eu n d edc i h litf a o . c g i, o sd rn h o si to a l t sa d r ,h u yutmaey c o et b le et panifse ie eo e ted fn a ts tn ad tej r l tl h s o eiv he li tf vd nc v r h ee d n ' i 2 hi eas he evi dence. Fort sr on, t courtw ildeny t def l he endant sm oton f a new t i . ' i or ral 2 Addii ly, tefc ta tejr ee tdn tt a r p niv d ma e , ihwo l h v as rq ie tonal h a th t h uy lce o o wad u t e a g s whc ud a e lo e urd i t j r t 5n ta Catnsato sweec mmie maiiu l o wa tny d e n trq ieadfee t he uy o d h t lo ' cin r o t d l o sy r no l, o s o e ur ifrn t c c n l inete .Be a s tet u sino wh te t a r p nt ed ma e i dsrto ay ,'Kel v S d r o cuso i r c u e h t eto f eh ro wad u ii a g s s icein rll lv . nie. h q v ' 7 2 . M o in f rj me a ama t ro lw to o udg nt s te f a t dititc ts dgrntaRul 50( motononl i t c tç tr nes wihout ' src our houl a A e b) i y f he our deemi , t w e ghi t e denc or c i r ng t c e biiy oft w ines es t s t nta e de e i ng he vi e ons de i he r di lt he t s , hat ubs a i l vi nc d e n t u o th j r sfn ig .' At. d. s i o Tem.L. v. e e 2 4F.d 5 8 o s o s pp r te u y' i dn s' 'S. lLt P'h p f l . P. Ris , 8 3 1 , 532( hCi. 4t r 2002)( i Konkelv. Eva Famsl ,165F. 275, ( h Ci. quotng Bob ns r nc. 3d 279 4t r 1 9 ).( c u t yg a t( Rue5 () moino l kf ve n tee i n ei t elg t 9 9 ) ( o r ma rn a l 0b 1 to ny ' , iwig h vde c n h ih A i m os f vor bl t t non- o ng pa t and d awi e r l gii a e i e enc i t tpary' t a a e o he m vi ry r ng ve y e tm t nf r e n ha t s f vor'i deer i t tChe o y c usonar a o etiroff ctcoul dr w fom t a ,'t t m nes ha E nl oncl i t e s nabl re a d a r he e de i i f oft movi pa t ' cgv.Sc oe r 31 F. 625,635( hCi. vi nce s n avor he ng ry.'Fi hr de , 2 3d 4t r 2002) ( i To sUSA & En p.Co.v.ChampFr Stac e naEgui .I ,87F. 654, quotng ol ui ame rihtni p. nc. 3d 656 (t Ci.1 -57 4h r 996:. Assae a o e t esa adt a g v r amoinf r u g n a amatro lw i ttd b v ,h tnd r h t o ens to o j d me t s te f a s m uc m or sr nge t n t s anda d t tg r a m oton f a ne t i l Acc di y, h e t i nt ha he t r ha ove ns i or w r a . or ngl 9 3F.d3 7 192WL 1 21 1 a * (t Ci. 9 2 (e c ra (n u ih dtbl d cso (iigS - v. 6 2 6 ,9 1 8 , t 2 4h r 1 9 ) p r uim) u p bl e a e e iin) ct mih s n t Wa e 4 U. 3 , 2(98 ),h j y sd cso n toa r pmiied ma e wa n t a tmo n t a d , 61 S. 0 5 1 3 )te ur' e iin o t wad l tv a g s s o tna u to dee mi to t tt defnda di notac malci l orwa o y. tr nain ha he e nt d t i ousy ntnl Thepl ntf a tmpt t e oyar r e c i ofr s ni i amo i t awad hi punii da ai if te s o mpl eve s d han ea o ng n ton o r m tve mage . s ( c t 1 9. Th panifc ne st tbe a s tej r rtr e av r it gan th d fn a ttejr Do ke No. 1 ) e litf o tnd ha, c u e h uy eun d edc a is te ee d n,h uy nee srl d tr n dta Catnh da tdmaii syo wa tny He c ,h plitf ag e ,h j r so l c sai eemie h t lo a ce l oul r no l. n e t e an if ru ste uy h ud y c ha a de hi punii damages Howeve , sae a ,t G tonofwhet rt awa dpuniie ve war d m tve . r as ttd bove he ç i ques he o r tv d ma e i dsrto ay' I (ingSmih 4 U. a 5 ) T eeoe e e t o htej l rn ee av r c i a g s s icein r . d.ct ' i t, 6l S. t 2. h rfr, v n h ug h u' e d rd editn y fv ro tepanifa d,ns d n , e esrl fu dta Catnh da tdmaiiu l a dsditc l ,he uy a o fh litf n i o oig n c sai o n h t l a ce l o sy n a sial t j r y o c y w a nonet e sfeet e cs isdiceton no t awad punii da a . s hels r o xerie t s r i to r tve m ges Toteetn tateplitf'moinma b c ntuda o et ices tejr sa r o h xe thth anifs to y e o sre s n o nrae h uy' wad f c ompens t ydam a ,hecour,afe c i rng tea gument a nce byt pli ifl hi m oto w il aor ges t t tr onsde i h r s dva d he antf n s in, l e ecs i dsrto n todsubtej r' c mpe str d ma ea r Th panifag e ta te x rie t icein o t itr h uys o n aoy a g wad. e litf ru s h th s c mp nstr d ma e a r d e n t co n fral fh ijrsta h alg dys san da ar slo te o e aoy a g s wad o s o a c u t o Io te nu e h t e le e l u tie s eut f h free lydaant m.Ho vriiwi ntejy'dsrto t d tr n , sdo teeie e oc mpo e g ishi we e,ts t h u s icein o eemiebae n h vdnc hi p ee tda tiltec tn o tepanifsalg dij re a dt fs o ad ma e a r i a c ra c wi rsne tra,h xe t f h lit ' l e nu ls n o ahin a g s wad n c od n e t f e h ta d tr n to t sc u tsn t o vn e ta tejr ' c mp nstr d ma e a r i ic mme s rt wih h t eemiain hi o r i o c n ic d b th u ys o e ao y a g s wad s n o n uae t tee tn o tepanifsijre, st e c udh v b e rao a l q a tfe bytej r Afe altepani h xe t f h lit nu is a h y o l a e e n e sn by u niid h uy. tr l,h litf f f s f e nooutofpocke m ediale uferd t c xpens s Thec rt i m e il st pl ntf r m ani conentons e. ou fnds rtes he ai ips e i ng t i c r ngt aleg de alofa e st hi lgalmat i s de alofa c st aw rtng i tument a i biiy onceni he l ed ni cc s o s e eral, ni c es o ii nsr , nd na lt t s a ehsh a i od rt s o tej r t ee tn o hssa.Futemo e t tee tn ta tepanif o h v i e d n re o h w h uy h xe t f i c r rh r r,o h xe th th litf rq ett th c u t rn hm rle r ltdt hi20 1saec utra,hsc u ta k j rsito t ga tay e u ssha te o r ga t i eif eae o s 0 tt o rtilti o r lc s u idcin o rn n r i r a e t t tpr ee ng. elef el t d o ha oc di 8 b c us t ec u t ee tdted fn a tsc n e to whi a pligt mo eeatcsa d r e a e h o r rj ce h ee d n ' o tnins l p yn he r lsi tn a d e a s cae wihamo inf rane tiltec u t o cu e t ti mus lk wierj c te so itd t to o w ra,h o r c n ld s ha t t ie s ee t h de e ntsco e i whe a yi t m o ergo o sa r go r ng amoton f r f nda ' nt ntons n ppl ng he r i r us tnda d ve ni i o j d me ta amatro lw.He c , o tes merao sa t u ae b t ec u tnr lto t u g n s te f a n e f r h a e s n ri lt d y h o r i eain o c isa yssoft de e ntsm o i f ane ti l t co twild t de e ntsm o i t nal i he f nda ' ton or w ra, he ur l eny he f nda ' ton fr u g n a amatro lw. o j d me t s te f a 1 11. Concl on usi A tt i l t pl i ifa ra , he a ntf dduce e de e t tt def nda sam m ed hi a i tt c l d vi nc ha he e nt l m ga ns he el d o a dt e sa dhi o t eg o n .S c icl sae tej r c s t c e it e o r n h n lmme m n h r u d u cn ty ttd,h u y ho e o r dt h pli ifsac untoft e nt ove t toft de e nt Theco tc ude t tt sve di antf' co he ve s r ha he f nda . ur oncl s ha hi r ct i o eta ara o a ej yc udha ra he a tr o sd rn t e i e c a d c da til s n h t e s n bl ur o l ve e c d fe c n ie ig he v d n e d u e t ra. Mo es e ii al ,h c u t o cu e ta ara o a l j r c udh vef u dt tW i ims r p cfc ly t e o r c n ld s h t e s n be u y o l a o n ha l a l s fee mo et nad mii sij r ,h t l na tdmaiiusya ds d sial f rte u fr d r ha e n mi nu y t a Cat ce lco l n a itc l o h o y ve y pur e ofc usnghar , nd t tCalon c r pos a i m a ha t omm itd ac tt i lt tunde t r rcof te onsiutona or r he ub i e t rN or a orW iki . Thus t c ta i c l ihe m n l ns , he our ga n onc udest tt de e n i note tte t ha he f nda t s n il d o q lfe i m uniy. ua ii d m t Fort r s de aied a he ea ons t l bove t c r wilde t de e ntsmotonsf ane ti , he ou t l ny he f nda ' i or w ral a f r u me t sama tro lw. ( o ke N o 1 . F temo e a e pli da o e s p a nd o j dg n a te f a 3 D c t 21) urh r r , s x ane b v ,u r . not 2,t c twildeny t pl i if s m oto f a a a d ofpunii da a s orf a e he our l he a ntf ' i n or n w r tve m ge or n 3 Catnas ag e ta tec ut s staietej r' a r o $10 0i c mp n ao yd ma e o te l lo r u s h th o rmu t e sd h uys wad f ,0 n o e str a g s n h o g oundt thedi nots ti ac pe a eha m pr m ael ca e byt de e t Fo t s m er s r ha d usan om ns bl r oxi t y us d he f ndan . r he a ea ons d srbe a o e tec u t ln t e a ietejr ' c mp n ao yd ma e a r S eHez l Cny o Pr e eci d b v ,h o r wil o st sd h u ys o e str a g s wad. e te v. t. f i nc Wil m,8 F.d1 9,l 1(t Ci. 9 6 (ç j r ' a r o c mp n aoyd ma e wi b st sd o te li 9 3 6 7 4h r 1 9 ) ç u ys wad f o e str a g s l e e a ie n h a A l g oundsofe s i ne sonl i çheve di i agans t cla weghtoft e de e, i ba e uponevi nc r xce sve s y ft r ct s i t he e r i he vi nc or s s d de e whc i fle o wile uti amicnig o j sie o n s btnil vd n ei pe e tdt sp o tt' ih s as, r lrs l n sa a e f utc , r o u sa ta e ie c s rsne o u p r i.' ' (nen l u tto mak a dctto so t d) itra q oain rs n i in mit l. a e 9 ic e sda r o c mp nst r d ma e .( c e No.1 9. n ra e wad f o e ao y a g s Do k t 1) TheClr i die t d t s c rii d c e oft sm e andum opi on a t e k s r c e o end e tfe opi s hi mor ni nd he a c pany ng or rt a 1c c om i de o 1 ouns lofr or e ec d. ENTER:Thi 1 s 8 da ofMac 201 y rh, 2. Chi fUnie St t D i ti tJ e t d a es sr c udge 10
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