Morva v. Sheriff Octavia Johnson et al, No. 7:2009cv00515 - Document 67 (W.D. Va. 2011)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 08/04/2011. (kab)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
CLERK: OFFI t. DI COUX CE JS, SX AT > VI E, K VA F D f I TH E UN I N TED STA TES DI STRI T C O U R T C FO R TH E W ESTE RN D I STRI T O F VI G I A C R NI RO AN O K E DIVISIO N ALC - 1 JULK BK ,nlGRK Ci lA cton N..7: cvvi i o 09- 00515 MI CHAEL AKOSM ORVA, Pl ntf, ai if ) ) ) v. ) ) SHERI OCTAVI JOHNSON,e aI, ) FF A t . Dee fndant. s ) M EM O R AN D U M O PINIO N By: H on.Jacks L .K i on ser ' Seni Uni St or ted ates Di t ctJudge s ri M i ha lA kosM or a V igi a i a e pr e i pr K ,f l d a ci lrght co pl i c e va, r ni nm t oc ed ng o ie vi i s m a nt . k pls n t 4 U. C. 1 8 wi u id cinv se i 28U. C. 1 4 Plitf n me a t ua t o 2 S. j 9 3 t rs ito e td n r hj S. j 3 3. an if a s s dee nt SheifOca aJ ona Roa keCiyJ i (%ai')c rcina ofiesSe ge nt fnda s rf tvi ohns nd no t al I l' ore to l fc r r a J W a ki ,D e y Y oung,D e y How a d,and D e y Cunni t ns put put r put ngha . Thi m a t ri rpe f r m s te s i o di pos ton a t pl ntf a e d hi c pl i , he def nda s fl d a m oton f s m a y s ii fer ai if m nde s om a nt t e nt ie i or um r j udgme t a pli ifr s n, nd antf eponde Aferr viwi t rcod,lgrntt dee nt'motonfr d. l e e ng he e r a he fnda s i o s mmayj d me t u r u g n. 1. A. PLAI FF' A LLEGATI NTI S ONS Pl ntf a l est f l i r e tf c si hi c pl i t n e ai if leg he olow ng el van a t n s om a n , m ndm e s a nt , nd rs e pons s J i s a fs w pl i ifhi t lg txt e i hi c lo D ec m be 22, e . al t f a a ntf t he i ht i ur n s el n e r 2007. A bouta hal ho l t ra 2: p. . def nda sW a ki ,How a d,a Cur i f ur a e t 00 m , e nt t ns r nd m ngham w ih t o o he t w t r de i s e c t d pl ntf i ha uf st a r s r i c r l a ed i a c l a os f om t J i' pute s or e ai if n ndc f o e t a nt hai, oc t n e l cr s r he a ls i a nt ke booki des a pt s e . Pl i ifc ng k, s mihm nt antf omple wih a or rt sti t s a , d pie id t n de o i n he e t es t t pr ence ofanot i at surne poolon i, and W at ns, ow ar and Cunni he es her nm e' i t ki H d, ngham a i t r t a nt t pl i ifs body. The s r t he pl ntf ' l asf r a pos i e a ppled he esr i s o a ntf y t e c d ai if s egs a s sbl nd s c ed hi a l est t c r w hi h c us d gr a pr s ur t t uppe - c i ofhi l gs e ur s rkl o he hai, c a e e t e s e o he r ba ksde se . W aki r ie t r tantc rshe g s pl i ifsf e c d no t h t foor Pli if t ns as d he esr i hai' i ht o antf e t oul t ouc he l . antf e r e e s ve e pai ast pr s e c of bl c r ul ton t ough hi l gs f t ne xpe i nc d e r n he es ur ut f ood i c a i hr s e or he xt ni t e hour . ne e n s A t6: p, . de e ntYoung a t o ot rde i e e ed t c l. Pl i tf m a a 00 m , f nda nd w he putes nt r he e l a n i f de d m a tc m e ' t hi ,a Y o punche pl i ifi t s om a a i t f c a hew as t r om nt' o m nd ung s d a ntf n he t ch nd n he a e s r t a ned i t c r Y oung a o oft ot rde i s t t ns r l l s l punc ng es r i n he hai. nd ne he he pute ook ur e ente sy hi pl i tf i t hea nec a f c f r a a n if n he d, k, nd a e o boutt e m i esw hie t t r de y w a c d. hr e nut l he hi d put t he The e de i l f t ce l bu Y oung a t ot ras a tng de y r t ne a hou l t ra s putes e t he l, t nd he he s uli put e ur d n r a e nd punc d hi a i s ve a m o e tm esi t hea ne k, nd f c f a he t ee m i t s he m ga n e r l r i n he d, c a a e or not r hr nu e . Young t n g abbe pl i if b hi ha rt s r a a hi w hie s r i ng pl ntf snec t t he r d a nt f y s i o c e m t m l t a ni ai i f k o he poi pl ntf t nt ai if houghti w oul br ak. Pl i ifs i f ne hi ne k i r i t nce a Y oung t d e a ntf tf e d s c n es s a , nd punc d pl ntf sf e s ve a m or tm e untlhe r l s d pl ntf s ha r Ea h de y t n he ai i f ac e r l e i s i e ea e ai if i . c put he punc pl i i fi t f ce a hed a ntf n he a boutt re m or tm esuntlt y go tr d a l f t c l. hi t en ei i he t ie nd e t he e l Pl i ifde e t y ng t he bu tYoung a a tm e. a ntf ni s r i o ad- t t ny i St r i a 2: p. . m e ca s a fa s s d pl i ifa oxi a e y eve y t r y m i es a tng t 20 m , di l t f s es e a ntf ppr m t l l hi t nut w hie he wasi t cha r e ptf ni hour be w e n 1 20 p. .a 7: 5 a m . Pl ntf l n he i , xce or ne s t e 0: m nd 1 . ai i f a l ge he t d t nur e a le s ol he s boutt be tng a t 1 20 p.m . hec butt nur e al dl di he a i t he 0: c k, he s lege y d no hi 1Pl nifa t d cgng)o 'bysngngveyl ya t be nni oft niht t ng. aitf dmis t ti a ut' i i r oudl t he gi ng he g . Pl ntf al gest tt de te a d u rt o de sa a hort ofShe ifJ hns ai if le ha he pu i s de nde he r r nd ut iy rf o on a i r t iton f hi br he kilngt 1w e or e e o fc r i ane ghborng co y. nd n eala i or s ot r li wo a nf c m nt fi e s n i i unt Pl i ifas e t t tt J le pl ys a s t m a i pr e i e oft t e, a J a ntf s r s ha he ai m o ys e tc a tc orur nd ohns doe not on s lr r difr ntnur e m onior pl nifdurng t rr s tv s fswhiehewasi t r tai c r -h ee fe e ss t ed aitf i hei e pecie hit l n he esr nt hai. pe m i i t st fl gre nc sorr c ve me c la t n i n a m e t c r t nma e o ie i va e e ei di a te to s ans o overup t t rur he o t e. Pl i t f r ue t d g i vanc f m s butJ i s a fw oul notgi t m t hi ort y t r u t a n i f eq s e r e e or , al tf d ve he o m he o e p he gr e nc i f o ofhi . Pl i ifal o c pl i t tCul i i va es n r nt m a ntf s om a ns ha m ngham a How a d t e t ne nd r hr a e d a r di ul d hi . nd i c e m Pl i i fbe i vest J lco d ha us d be t ra t m a i t puni h hi f hitng hi a ntf le he ai ul ve e t e le tves o s m or ti s lghttxt e, i t l sofpr vie ,r t rt n pai uly pl c ng hi i a r s r i tc r f i i ur lke he os i l ges a he ha nf l a i m n e t a n hai or ni t n hour . Pl i ifbele t tt l s o cic a i i hi l gs c us hi a i r as d ne ee s a ntf i ves ha he os f r ul ton n s e a ed m n nc e e r s ofbl cl st tc d ha kil d hi . Pl i ifa s alege t the s f r asa r ul of ik ood ot ha oul ve le m a ntf l o l s ha uf e s es t t be tng s ve e ni m a e , a pai e pa n,ne k pai l s ofm o lt a num bne si he a i e r ght r s he d n, ye i c n, os biiy nd s n hi e r m ii s l e - k dn a pe m a te da a and br s on hi he d,f e a s xt e te , ow r bac m ge, r nen ye m ge, ui es s a ac , nd e s Pli tf r s sasr i $3 milon fom J on and $500, fom W a ki ,Young, ye . a n if eque t elef li ' ohns r 000 r t ns How a d, Cunni ha . r and ng m Pl i iff l d hi m ot r s a tda ti s a ntf ie s he ' fi vi n uppo tf hi c a m s She a r t tJ i s a f r or s l i . ve s ha a l t f p e nt d he fom viii pl i ifon t da hewa i t r sr i chara le byt li he r ve e r r stng antf he y s n he e ta nt i nd i d e lng r t a plitf r f s dt s eh r Plitf ag e ta safle t c n e l h ij re hes san d h t anif e u e o e e . an if r u s h t tf id o o c a t e nu is u tie fom t beai Pli ifsm ot a s s bmit d a a fda tsai pli tf s f r s ve e r he tng. antf her lo u te n fi vi ttng a n if ufe ed e r p i i hi h a n c , ndjw sn e2 0 b c u eo Te r ma iu a j it(TMJ' an n s e d, e k a a ic 0 3 e a s f mpo o ndb lr on t ' ) d s r e , ihi i fa to o tej w. io d rwh c s n lmmain f h a B. D EFENDANTS'R ESPONSES Thede e f ndan sa lget f l ng f c si s por oft i m oton f s mar t le he olowi a t n up t her i or um y j udgme .OnDe e r22, nt e mbe 2007,W aki or r ani pe toncl ni oft J i' t r t ns deed ns ci ea ng he als hid t ,wher pl ntf w as housed. Two deputesw er ass gned t pl nt f scel i loor e ai if i e i o ai if l nspecton i 3 be a eofhi prorco c us s i nduc ,i udi c rng hi s l i f e ,wrtng s xua l s gesi t ncl ng ove i m e f n ec s ii e ly ug tve l te s t f m a e s a f and pror t e t ofa s ton s a fz Durng t i pe ton ofpl i i f s e tr o e l tf , i hr a s s aul tfl i he ns c i a ntf c l,pl ntf t of hi c ot s a sa t d i uli J i s a f3 Afe t cea ngc e lf, e l ai i f ook f s l he nd t r e ns tng a l t f . tr he l ni r w e t pl i t f de e a e t ough hi ce ldoor s f s o a t ea ene t s tf e on t pr e ut a n i f f c t d hr s l ' ood l t nd hr t d o pi ec s he os c or t ne tme hewa tke t c t Howa d r pore pl ntf sbe vi rt W aki , he xt i s a n o our. r e td ai if ha o o t ns who or r d pl i ifm ove t adif r ntiolton c lt pr ve pl n iffom as a tng sa f de e antf d o f e e s a i el o e nt aitf r s uli t f . H o a d a Cunni ha a rt tt y di notha a f t r c ac w ih pl i ifa tr w r nd ng m ve ha he d ve ny urhe ont t t a ntf fe pl i ifm ove t t dif r ce l a ntf d o he f e ent l. W hie pl i ifw as i hi ne c l H ow a d s pl i iftyi t da a hi lght l a ntf n s w el, r aw a ntf r ng o m ge s i fxt easmea t havede a m e .Afe c i rng pl i ifsbe vi , aki or r d i ur ns o m nds t tr onsde i antf ha or W t ns de e t tpl n ifbepl edi t r tai charuntlpl i ifsa tonsa sa e e si c t d t t ha aitf ac n he esr nt i i antf c i nd tt m nt ndia e ha he no l ongerw asa t eatt s iy. St f di notf c bl m ove pl i iff om hi c l t t hr o ecurt af d or i y a ntf r s e l o he c i o t s c e hi i i . ha r r o e ur m n t The r t a ntc rr t on a ba e a c be on w he sor diec l on t toor and t esr i hai es s s nd an el r ty he l , he i a e' pos ton i t cha r i notaf e t b t ba e bei on whe l ort f oor St f nm t s ii n he i s f c ed y he s ng e s he l . a f l we edt heghtoft chai t t foo bec us pl ntf ti t tl t c i ove ,butt o r he i he r o he l r a e ai if red o it he ha r r he heghtoft c rdi notafe tpl ntf ' poston i t c i ort r sr nt .J i sa f i he hai d f c ai ifs ii n he ha r he e tai s a l t f c t nty o er d pl i iff t ni t n ho she w asi t c i . Pl i ifr ques e a ons a l bs ve a ntf or he ne ee ur n he ha r a ntf e t d nd r ved w at w hie he w as i t chai ecei er l n he r. Durng hi e ni s f a t J i' i a i s ve ng hit t he als nt ke booki de k,Yo ha acla vi w of ng s ung d e r e 2Pl i ifde e wrtng s xualy s gges i lte sand prort ea sofas aul on s a fbu doesnotden co i a ntf ni s ii e l u tve e tr i hr t s t tf t y verng hi s l i f es m e f n ec . pl ntf i t r sr i chara di no s ea ai if n he e ta nt i nd d t e nyone srkepl ntf. At7: 5 p. .Yot ti ai if 1 m , mg appr oached pl ntf t rem ove hi f om t chai t es hi t a ba hr . How ever, ai if o m r he r o cort m o t oom pl i ifti d t hea but Y oung ashe r m ove t r s r i s a Y oung l f pl i ifi t a ntf r e o d- t e d he e t a nt , nd e t a ntf n he c i untlhe c l e dow n enough t be s f y e c t t a ba h oom . Y o ha r i am d o a el s ored o tz ung de ess rki ni ti ng pl i i f a ntf . W a ki r oved pl ntf f om t r s r i tc rt ne da a 8: a. .a t rpl i if t ns em ai i f r he e t a n hai he xt y t 45 m fe a ntf ag ee t com pl w ih J i r es W a ki a r t tpl ntf di notha an phys c e d nc r do y t a l ul , t ns ve s ha ai if d ve y i al vi e e o a yij r a dddno c li o a yij r . f n n u y n i t ompan f n n u y W hie pl i t f w as i t c rbe w e 2: p. . D e m be 22nd a 8: a. . l a n if n he hai t en 00 m on ce r nd 45 m on De e be 23r m e ca sa fc c pli ifse r tesa o m ael e r t ry mi es c m r d, di l t f he ked antf xtemii ppr xi t y ve y hit nut , sa tng a 2: p. .Nea l al oft m e c c ksnot d i hi me ca r co d r fec hi t ri t 20 m ry l he dial hec e n s di l e r e l t s e r m ii sbei nor a w ih no com pl i f om pl i if xt e t e ng m l t a nt r a ntf .At3: p. . De m be 22nd,a 50 m on ce r nur e r c m e d t a de y t tpl n if sl g a ha r t a nt be r pos tone At7: s e om nde o put ha ai tf e nd nd esr i s e ii d. 15 p. . pl i ifc pl ne ofba k pa n. M e ea s a fdi notobs r e pl ntf be w e n 1 20 m , a ntf om ai d e i di l t f d e v ai i f t e 0: p. . nd 7: 5 a. . Thit m i t bef e he w a r l s f om t c i,a nur e no e t t m a 1 m r y nu es or s e ea ed r he ha r s t d ha pli if sha a a ed s ln a a ke de ist l en hi ha r tant . a ntf nds ppe r wole nd s d pute o oos s nd esr i s Pl i iff l d a s c c lr ques o D e m be 24, a ntf ie i k- al e t n ce r 2007,c pl i ng ofhi s om ac om a ni st h i r i f t prort e w ee . Pl i ifa s c pl i d a utpai i hi rghte a t m tng or he i hr e ks a ntf l o om a ne bo n n s i ye nd he bac ofhi he f o bei hi b t o de i sno pa te t t s a t o . Tw o da afe hi k s ad r m ng t y w pute t ri s o hi c i n ys t r s r l a efom t r tantc i,pl i iftl d aJ i gre nc cli ngt tt de i , who are e e s r he esr i har antf ie a l iva e a mi ha wo putes notdef endant ,hi hi and caus eye and head pai . s t m ed n 3Pli ifdeni tki of hi clt sandm a ng l comm e s antf es a ng f s o he ki ewd nt. l. l SUMM ARY JUDGMENT STANDARD A p ryi e t ldt s mmayj g n tftepla ig ,h ds o eya d ds ls r a t s n i e o u r ud me tû h e dn s te ic v r n ico u e t i m a e il o fl a a afi viss t ra s n ie, nd ny fda t how t tt r i no ge nei s ast a m ae i lf c a ha he e s nui s ue o ny tra a t nd t tt mo nti enildt j ha he va s tte o udgme a amatroflw.'Fe . .Ci P. $. M aei fcs nt s te a ' d R v. 56( 3 tral a t a e t e nec s a y t es a i h t el m e sofa pa t sc e ofa ton. Ande s n v. be t r hos e s r o t bls he e nt r y' aus ci r o Li rv Lobbvsnc.477U. 242, ( 986) A ge ui is ofmae ilfc e ssi,i viwi t I , S. 248 1 . n ne sue tra a t xit f n e ng he r c d a a1 r s bl i e e s d a t r r m i a lghtm os f vo a e t t no m ovi e or nd l ea ona e nf r nce r wn he ef o n i t a r bl o he nng pary,ar as bl f c- i rcoul r t n ave ditf t non- o nt L. Themovi pa t t e ona e a tfnde d e ur r c or he m va . ds , ng ry hast bur n ofs i - û ha i , ntng outt t dit i tc t t tt r i an a enc of he de how ng l t s poi i t o he s rc our - ha he e s bs e e de e t s vi nc o uppor t nonm ovi pa t sca e ' Cel t x Cor v.Ca r t,477 U . 31 325 t he ng ry' s .' o e p. tet S. 7, ( 986) I t mova stsist sbur t nt non- ntmus stf t s cik fds 1 . f he nt aife hi den,he he mova t e orh pe t a a s i ease de t tdemonsr t t e se eofage ne is off f til Fe R. dmi sbl vi nce ha tae he xit ne nui s ue ad or ra . d. Ci P. 6 Q;d. t3 2 2 v. 5 ( i a 2 - 3.A p ryi e t ldt s mmayj g n i t er c r a awh l a t s ni e o u r ud me t f h e o d s oe t c d no l d a r t o lt i r off c t fnd i f voroft non- ova . W ila s v.Gr fi 952 oul t ea a i na r e ato i n a he m nt li m ifn, F. 8 8 ( hCi.1 ) 2d 20, 23 4t r 991. Co v rey, u r u me ti ia p o raei tee ie c i s fiin f ra n es l s mmayj dg n s n p r p it f h vd n e s u fce t o r a ona e f c -i rt r t n ave diti f voroft none s bl a tfnde o e ur r c n a he movi pa t . A nde s 477 U . ng ry r on, S. a 2 8.Ev n i t r i nods t a t tee ie ta yf cs s mmayj g n i as n t t4 e f hee s ipue s o h vd n ir a t, u r ud me t s lo o a opraewhe e t uli ae f cua c ncusonst bed a a ei diput . Over t v.K v. ppr it r he tm t a t l o l i o r wn r n s e sreet 3 pa tesr ei r as bl andexplctnotc t tt c tm a conve tam oi t dim ist r e e es The ri ec ved e ona e ii ie ha he our y r ton o s s hat efr nc ma r o tietepe dn sit amoinfrsmmayj d me t e teClr is e at l Ro e r n tc . les usd h la ig no to o u r u g n wh n h ek su d i y sboo oie me S eFe R. v. 1 ( ) Ro e oov Gars n 5 F.d3 9, 1 (t Ci.1 7 ) e d. Ci P. 2 d ; s b r . rio , 28 2 0 3 0 4h r 9 5 . 6 Ce tLiel s Co.9 0F.d9 , 3 (t Ci.1 91 .A c u t yn ih rr s v d s ue n . f n . , 5 2 31 9 7 4h r 9 ) o r ma et e e ole ip td fcsorweght e de e Rus elv.M ir at i he vi nc , s l codyneCor ,65F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ,nor p. 3d 229, 239 4t r 995) ma deer nai ofc e biiy,Sos be v. umhv,797F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ) ke t mi tons r di lt e e M 2d 79, 82 4t r 986 . Ra he , he pa t o t rt r y ppos ng t m oton i e il d t ha hi orhe ve s on oft f t a ce t d i he i s ntte o ve s r ri he ac s c p e a t ue a m or ove , o ha al i t r c lc sr ol i hi orhe f vor Cha bo m a sde s r nd, e r t ve 1 n e nal onf i t es ved n s ra . r l ce Frnc v.Smih,597F. 406, 4 (t Ci.1 79) Howe r Sl he opposngpa testlt a e t 2d 41 4h r 9 . ve ,twl n i ri el wo dfee tso is o eo whc i bltn l c nrditdb t rc r , ot a n ra o a l j r ifrn t re , n f ih s aa ty o ta ce y he e o d s h t o e s n b e u y coul be i ve i,a c ts d nota d le t our houl doptt tve s on oft f c s f pur es ofr i on a ha r i he a t or pos ulng moi nfrsz r u g n . Sc t v. ri,5 0U. 3 2 3 0( 0 7 .Fu te r, p ry to o l mmayj d me t' ot Hars 5 S. 7 , 8 2 0 ) rh nno e a a t ' ûa t nnotc e t a ge neis ofm a e i f c tlough me e s ul ton ort buidi o one c rae nui s ue t ral a t lr r pec ai he l ng f i ee eupona he . Be l v. r 769F. 21 21 ( hCi.1985 .Theef e,tl e e nfrnc not r' ae Hady, ' 2d 3, 4 4t r ) r or smlr u s p o tds e uain . .sn te o g t d fa as mmayj d me tmo in. En sv. n u p re p c lto . i o n u h o ee t u r u g n to ' ni ' Na 'As ' o Bus & Ed c Ra i .n .5 F.d 5 , 2( t Ci. 9 ) M o e v r ap anif tl sn f . u . d o Ic, 3 3 5 6 4h r 1 95 . r o e, litf c nno rl onar s et amotonf s a t ey epons o i or ummmyj me t ac asana ndme t cor t udg nt o t me nt o rec d tce ce i ac mpli t haln e b adee d n ' mo in frs mmayj g n .S e ei in is n o an c le g d y fn a ts to o u r ud me t e Gimourv. ts McDo l & Co.382F. 1 2,1 5( t Ci.2004)(f pl ntf ma no l Gae a nad , 3d 31 31 11h r û ai if y t A a n h rc mplitt oug ag me tn ab ifo p sn s mmayj dg n .) Baca W ht me d e o an l h r u n i re p o ig u r u me t'; r ly ie u ' Skans l v.Bat ele M em ' I t. 262 F.App' 556, 563& n.6( h Ci. ka. nc. tl l ns , x 1 4t r 2008 ( 07) N0. 1 4) a lbl a 2008W L 238562,a * 2008U. App. 08 , vaia e t t 6, S. LEXI 1 a *18- ( i t t S 916, t 20 notng ha ot cr uissmia l pr bi apli tf f o r ii ne c am si opposton t s ma y her ic t i lry ohi t a n if r m asng w l i n ii o um r j udgme a notngt tdititc t wihi t FourhCic tha ado edGimour. nt nd i ha src ours t n he t rui ve pt l ) B. EXHAUSTI OFA DMI S ON NI TRATI R EM EDI VE ES ThePrs Lii tonReor Ac (û RA' rquie aprs rt e us a1a lbl ion tgai f m tG PL( ' e r s ione o xha t 1 vaia e ) a nitai r dmi srtve emedi befr brngi acam u r42U. C.j 1 es o e i ng li nde S. 983.42U. C.j 1 e a. S. 997 ( ) SeeW oodf dv. or Nco,5 U. 81 85( 48 S. , 2006)(ttngt t'gl usi i no l rl tt t sai ha texha ton s onge ef o he dicrtonoft dititcour, i mandaor l Pore v. se,534U. 51 53 ( 02) s ei he src tbut s t /'; tr Nusl S. 6, 2 20 (ttngt tt PLRA a i t $ li t s t, t rt yi veg r cr tnc or sai ha he pples o $ nmae uis whehe he nvol eneal icumsa es al patc a e s s a whehe t yalgeexc s i f ceors ot rwr l 800hv. riulr piode , nd t r he le e sve or ome he onf'; t Chur r 532U. 731 739( )(i ngt tt PLRA rquiesa nitai e usi ne, S. , 2001 fndi ha he e r dmi srtve xha ton prort t flng ofa f r ci lrght s te n i t f ofr i t i ae s eksi not i o he ii ede al vi i s ui ve f he onu elef he nm t e s a ia et oughe usi ofa nitai rme e ) Purua t t PLRA, ione smus valbl hr xha ton dmi srtve e dis. s nt o he prs r t n t u ti taetmeyg iv nc s b t s as tmeya pe lh o g allv l o a alb e o j s ni t i l re a e , u mu t lo i l p a tr u h 1 e es f v ia l i a miitai rv e a yd nilo rle .W o d o d 5 U. a 9 ( li gt a t ePLRA d n srt e iw n e a f eif o f r , 48 S. t 3 hod n h t h ve r quie ç ope e usi ' i tt i na a i sr tve r medi bef eflng a f de al e rs i pr r xha ton'of nsiuto l dm nita i e es or ii ny e r s tc le ngprs c to ) Topr rye us acam,a i t mus fl giva es ui halngi ion ondiins. opel xha t li n nmae t ie re nc w ih s fci ntde ai t al r prs of i a soft pos i e co tt i t uf i e t l o e t i on fci l he sbl ns iutonalcl i s whi h a e now am c r a l ge asa bas s f r le .See Sm ih v.Rodr zu z, o. 06- v- 21, le d i or e i f t i e N 7: c 005 2007 U . D it LEX I S. s . S 43571 2007W L 1 , 768705( . Va. une15, W D. J 2007)(ii M cGeev. d. ea ofPrs , ctng Fe Bur u ions 1 F. x 471 476( 0t Ci.2004).Fal et e us i a afr tvedee et t 18 App' , 1 h r ) iur o xha t s n fimai fns ha def ntha t bur n ofpl a ng a pr ng.A nde s v. X YZ Cor H ea1h Ser ,l , enda s he de e di nd ovi r on r. t vs. nc. 407F. 67 681( h Ci. ) 3d 4, 4t r 2005 . Def endant ar t pl nt f f l t exhaus hi adm i sratve r edi aboutt s gue hat ai i f aied o t s ni t i em es he be tngs a t r s r ntchai. How e r pl i tf aleg t the wasuna e t f l a ai nd he e tai r ve , a n if l es ha bl o ie ny a to greva esbe aus sa fet rr f e t gi hi gre nc f m so rppe t m up ddii nal i nc c e tf ihe e us d o ve m iva e or r i d he s t pr cudehi fo flnga giva e .(( n a nitai rme i notco i rdt o o el m r m ii ny re nc s $Aj dmi srtve e dy s nsdee o ha be a ia e i a pr s ,t oug no f ul ofhi ow n,waspr ve e f om a ii ve en va l bl f i oner hr h a t s e nt d ' r va lng hi el ofi. M oor v. nnet,51 F. 71 725( hCi.2008) Thus G ms f t' ' e Be te 7 3d 7, 4t r . ,s whenprs n io of i a spr ven i a esf om us ng t adm i sr tve pr es ... t pr s t te s s o fci l e t nm t r i he ni t a i oc s , he oce s ha xit n pa rbec pe omesunavalbl i r alt ' Kabav.Stpp,458F. 678,68 ( hCi. ia e n e iy. ' e 3d 4 7t r 2006) Se . e M i h lv. r 31 F.d 5 3 5 9( dCi. 0 3 ( odigta d src c u t re i fi n t t el Ho n, 8 3 2 , 2 3 r 2 0 ) h l n h t itit o r erd n al g o c i c i rpr s r s c ai t the w asuna e t s i a greva e,a t r or l c d ons de ione ' l m ha bl o ubm t i nc nd he ef e a ke a ia e a i s r tve r m edi s be us pr s e pl ye r f e t pr de hi w ih t va l bl dm ni t a i e e , ca e i on m o es e us d o ovi m t he ne sayf ms; ilrv.Nori,247F. 736,740(t Ci.2001 (ttnga nitai ce sr or l M le rs 3d 8h r ) sai dmi sr tve rmedyr rdunavalbl whe prs n ofii spr ve prs rfom usngi) A ditit e endee ia e n io fcal e nt ione r i t. src c t sCoblga e t e ur t ta de e t i e us i w e e notpr ur d f om t a ton or our i d i t d o ns e ha ny f c s n xha ton r oc e r he c i i ci ofprs n ofiil. Ac l - lve v. r l, F.d 1 1 ( 0t Ci. na ton io fcas' l arAvela da Terel478 3 223, 225 1 h r ' ui 2007) SeeKa ,458F. a 68 (i ngafda t oft prs ofii sa Ka sot r . ba 3d t 6 fndi fi vis he ion fcal nd ba' he g i va s a flngs m e e y t n i o a di put wih e denc r quii t f c fnde t r e nce nd ii r l ur nt s e t vi e, e r ng he a ti r o e l t t cedbiiyoft wine s sa ohe e de i t rcor ;Le sv.W ahi t vauae he r i lt he t s e nd t r vi nce n he e dl wi s ncon, 300F. 829,83132( hCi. 3d - 7t r 2002)( e da nitai r de me dmi srtve emedi e use whe prs es xha td n ion ofi il f iedt r pondt i a egre nc bec us t er m e e ha be om e fca s a l o es o nm t iva es a e hos e di s d c t vaia e';Fo kv. rir 262F. 687,698(t Ci. )ta l Undewoodv. t una lbl' ul Chare , ) 3d 8h r 2001 sme ; r W is 1 F. 292,295( h Ci.1 .Gi nt patc a pes ci sr quiedwhe lon, 51 3d 5t r 998) ve he riulr rpe tve e r n consdei amotonf s i rng i or ummayj me , de net dimispli ifscamsbae o r udg ntI di o s s antf li sd n une us e adm i s r tve r m edi bec us pl ntf a l ge t tpr s ofk i l pr ve e hi xha t d ni t a i e es a e ai i f le s ha i on t a s e nt d m fom flng t ne es a ygre nce r ii he c s r i va s. C. QUALII I FED MMUNI TY Pl i ifna est def nda s i t rpe s na ca cii s a t de enda sas e tt a ntf m he e nt n hei r o l pa te , nd he f nt s r he de e eofquaiid i uniy.Und t d ti o qualfe i muniy,çg r ntofi i s f ns lfe mm t er he oc rne f iid m t çove nme fcal pe f mi dic e i y f nci ge r l a e s el d fom labiiy f ci lda ror ng s r tonar u tons ne aly r hi de r i lt or vi mage i of r s ns a ast rc hei onduc doesnotvi a e c e ry es a i hed s a ut r orcons iutona r g s ofw hi a t ol t l a l t bls tt oy tt i l i ht ch ras bl pe s woul ha 110wn5 Hal v.Fizc r d,45 U. 800,818( 98 . e ona e ron d ve 11 .* row t eal 7 S. 1 2) W he he a de e t r f ndantca c a m qualf e i m uniy i a pur que to of1 w and i pr pe l n li ii d m t s e si n a s o ry d tr ne p era.Sa ce v. t , 3 U. 1 4, 0 - ( 01 ( d fe b Pe ro v eemi d rtil u ir Kaz 5 3 S. 9 2 001 20 ) mo iid y a s n . Cala n,1 S.Ct 8 (a 21 2009)( r ti l rc ' t dicei t deemi lha 29 . 08 Jn. , pemitng owe ouls he s rton o tr ne t whihqualfe i c iid mmuniypr t a l trt) t ong o nayze isl. Qualfe i iid mmuniyi ani t s mmuniyfom s trt rt ameedefns t la lt A t r ui ahe han r e e o ibiiy. pl i ifbe st bur n t s a nt f ar he de o how t ta def nda ' c uc vi a e t pl ntf ' r g . Br a ha e nt s ond t ol t d he ai if s i ht y nt v.Mut 994F. 1 1 6( h Ci.1 .Howe r ade e ntmus de h, 2d 082, 08 4t r 993) ve, f nda t monsrt t tt tae ha he r g w a no c e ry e t bls d a t tm e o t i i ntt r c ve q lfed i m u t H e y i ht s t l a l s a i he t he i f he nc de o e ei ua i i m niy. nr v. nel 5 F. 374, (t Ci.2007) ' unlwf ne soft a onmus bea rnt Pur l, 01 3d 378 4h r .CThe a ul s he di t ppae wh na s se fo t ep rp ci eo a o j cieyr a o beo tca c ag dwihk o e g e se s d r m h e s e tv f n b e tv l e s na l f il h r e t n wld e i ofesa ihe lwa Lope v.Ro ns 91 F.d486, 9 ( hCi.1 .Se Andes v. tbls d a ' ' z bi on, 4 2 48 4t r 990) e ron Criht 483U. 635,6 ( 98 (thi i nott syt ta ofkilaci i pr ede by ec on, S. 40 1 7) tf s s o a ha n t a ton s ot d quaiid i muniy unl s t ve y a ton i que ton ha pr vi l bee hel unl wf . . . buti lfe m t e s he r ci n si s e ousy n d a ul t i t say t i t lghtofpr exi tng l t unl f nessm us be appar .' . so hat n he i e- s i aw he aw ul t ent r ) A c c algi e si f c mus obeci l s w t tadee n Ci lced onvit le ng xcesve ore t j tvey ho ha fnda t tnfit 10 ' te unne e s r a wa o pan a s frng.4 W hilv v Al r , U. 3l ,320( 986) Se c s ay nd ntn i nd ufei ' be s 475 S. 2 1 . e . W is v.Setr 501U. 294,298( 991 ( di t ta Ei h Ame lon ie , S. 1 ) hol ng ha n ght ndme cai f nt l m or e esi f cerquiesa o e tvede i to ofaba i huma ne a t tprs nofii s xc sve or e r n bjci prvain sc n ed nd ha io fcal s b e tv l a tdwihas fce tyc la esaeo mi d .Th r f r ,hep o e i q iyi u j ciey ce t ufiin l up bl tt f n ) ee o e t r p r n ur s whe he t f c apple w a $ n a good f t e f t o m ai t n orr t e di c plne or t r he or e id s t i aih f or t n ai es or s i i ma ii l a s ditc l f t ve y pur eofc usng ha m .'W hily, U . a 320- 1 lc ousy nd a si aly or he r pos a i r ' te 475 S. t 2. The i uiy r r eva ua i of' he he t pr s ofk i a ed w ih a s t i nty c pa e nq r equies l ton t t r he i on t al ct w t ufk e l ul bl saeo mid (u j ciec mpo n)a wh t e ted p iain s fe e o ij r ifitdo tt f n s b e tv o ne t nd eh r h e rv to u fr d r nu y n lce n t eimaewa s fiin l sro s( be tv c mp n n l' i imsv Be imi 7 F.d7 6 h n t s u fce t e iu o jcie o o e t. l n . n a n, 7 3 5 , y 'W l 7 1(t Ci.1 9 ) Th s b e tv c mp n n e c mp se ç u hfco sa tene df rte 6 4h r 9 6 . e u j cie o o e t n o a s s û c a t r s h e o h s a i ton off c t r a i hi be w e n t ne d a t a ountoff c t twasus d, pplca i or e, he el tons p t e he e nd he m or e ha e a t ee tn o ij yititd' l a 3 1(nen l u tto maks atr to s a dctt n nd h x e t f nur nlce . d. t 2 itr a q o ai n r , l ai n , n iai ' e o o te ) Th o j cieee nt e e al r q ie mo et a aX mi i su eo f re Hu s n mitd . e b e t lme g n rly e ur s r h n v nmi s f o c . d o v. c lin,5 U. 1,9- 0( 992) Se W iki v. ddv, M Mila 03 S. 1 1 . e l ns Ga U. S. ,1 S.Ct 11 30 . 75 ( b. 2 2 0 (ttn t ta imae se tn o ij r i ar lv n f co t a Eihh Fe 2 , 01 ) saig ha n n t' x e t f nu y s ee a t a t r o n g t Ame ndme cli . nt am) 1 . Thedef ndan sa eenttedt qua iid i muniy f pl i if sc am sabo t e t r il o lfe m t or antf l i ut he us oft r t a ntc i . e he esr i ha r Pl i iff ist s antf a l o how t tusngt r sr i tc i vi aedt Ei h Am e ha i he e ta n har ol t he ght ndme . nt Pl ntf a is t tpr o t bei or r i o t r s r i tc i he de e t on hi c ls f od ai i f dm t ha i r o ng de ed nt he e ta n ha r f ca ed s el' o s otr g a t rs a fa i a e c ea hi ce l A f e s a fm o d pl i ift a ne ,m or l i ht f e t f nd nm t s l ned s l. t r t f ve a ntf o w e 4Thedefnda sex ant tpli ifwa c ce a s r ngan i pos d s ntncea t tm ehew a a t J l e nt pli ha antf s onvitd nd e vi m e e e t he i s t he ai f a he unr ol c r or not r es ved ha ge. r titvece lpl ntf a ist theba d on t c lslg txt e.Afe pl ntf esrc i l, ai if dm t ha nge he el' i ht i ur tr ai if c omm itd t s a t ,saf m ovedhi t t r tantc i. W hiei t r ta n c r pli if te he e c s t f m o he esr i har l n he esr i t hai, antf c i d t enga i dir i b vi b tyngt tp t c rove a sngi l y ontnue o ge n suptve eha or y r i o i he hai r nd i ng oudl durng t tm e ot ri a e pr par d t s e p. Thes u s e f t evi e pl i i f s i he i he nm t s e e o l e e ndiput d ac s nc a ntf ' c i d pl c nti t r tantc ra ane s ay good-a t efor t r sor a m ant n ontnue a eme n he esr i hai s ce s l f ih f t o e t e nd i ai dicplne.Pl i if' unr l beha o ne es iatd s er s ns fom saf t m ant i or r si i antf s u y vi r c st e om e po e r t f o i an de . Se W hily,475U. a 32122(ttngc t s dac or prs ofiil wi r ngi e te S. t - sai ours houl c d ion fcas de-a ng defr nc i t a i a exe i ofpolcisa pr c i sne ded t pr e e i e na e e e n he dopton nd cuton i e nd a tce e o es n' nt r l or r dicplne,a s c iy) Thersr ntc rwa ami mali ras se t s ur de , s i i nd e urt . e tai hai s ni ,nce ed tp o ec e pl i if s c planc afe a r dy t a f r i hi t a m or r s rc i c land pr c udi t a ntf ' om i e tr lea r ns e r ng m o e e t i tve el e l ng he ne dt us c m ia sorph i a f c M or ove , e ca sa fmonior pl n if andhe e o e he c l ysc l or e. e r m di l t f t ed aitf, rcevedwae andbahr br kswhiei t r tantc i.Alhought alege ij y e i tr t oom ea l n he esr i har t he l d nur f om t l k ofc r ul ton w a s rouspa n,d s om f t r t r s r i c i w a p ol d r he ac ic ai s ei i i c or f om he e t a nt ha r s r onge by pl i if s de s on t ty t tp t c rove a Sa tou ' by s ngi C r l y. a ntf ci i o r o i he hai r nd ' c t' i ng t y oudl ' ve ' D i c f tf o bei i a r tai c i f ni t n hour a t rpl i i fde e a ed i f o of s om or r m ng n esr nt ha r or ne ee s fe a ntf f c t n r nt s a fon t f s oti a ne l c ea d ce l ba d on a c llght t i t tp ove t r ta nt tf he ood l n w y l ne l, nge el i , red o i r he esr i c i,a a t d outby sngi ver l y i no a unco tt i c ton ofc i m e . har nd c e i ng y oudl s t n nsiutonal ondii onfne nt Cf Beveaiv. t 120F. 500,503(t Ci.1 ( di t tad nitai s gr ai . rt Smih, 3d 4h r 997) hol ng ha mi srtve e eg ton f sx m on hs w ih ve n; or i t t nni hum a w a t tooded t l t unbea a e hea ;c d f n s e; l oie ' , r bl t ol ood;di t ry cl t ng,lne , be ng'l o hi i ns and ddi , onge pe i i ce l no out i r c e ton;no e r r ods n l' , s de e r a i duca i lor tona rlgi s r i s a ls f wa nots aypi last i esg tca har hi . ei ous e vce ; nd e s ood s o t ca o mpos inii nt ds p) Cl l esabls l i t scicui durng D ecem ber2007 requied a pl ntf eary t i hed aw n hi r t i r ai i f 12 e p re cn a to a l cue a du u ua p n s me t os fe mo et a a7qmi i sij r o x ein ig ci n b e r l n n s l u ih n t u fr r h n - nmi nu y r r ve f ce tr ecei or sepugnantt t consci o he ence ofm anki ' SeeN or an v.Tayl 25 F. 1259, nd.' m or, 3d 1 (t Ci.1 (br tdbyW iki v. ddy,1 S.Ct 11 ( b.22,201 ( Se as 263 4h r 994) a ogae l ns Ga 30 . 75 Fe 09. e lo Huds v. c ila 503U. 1 9- 0( 992) antf' plce on M M lin, S. , 1 1 .Pli ifs a menti t r sri c rfr n he e tant hai o ni t e hour i nota f ee r pug ntt t c c e e ofm a nd. Se e. ,W ila sv. ne e n ss or e na o he ons i nc nki e, :. li m Bu t 943F. 1 ( 1hCi.1 )( e ngi t i f l- n r tant f r28hour no ron, 2d 572 1 t r 991 ke pi nmae n otrpoit esr i s o s t avi ain oft Eiht Ame me ) Pli ifdoesnots cikal diput dee ntW aki ' olto he g h nd nt. antf pe t ly s e fnda t ns a Y ou sa r e s t the r c ve w a e a ba h oom br aks whie i t r s r i tc i . nd ng' ve m nt ha e ei d t r nd t r e l n he e t a n ha r F rhe no e plitf ddn te p re c a yhngmo et a aé . n mi ij t d s i hs u t n r , anif i o x e in e n ti r h n çmii s nuy e pt i e a l ga i ofû e e pai ' f om t r duc bl c r a i s The m e ca r or s w st t le ton ç ver s n ' r he e ed ood icul ton. di l ec d ho ha m edi s af m onior pl ntf s cicul i ever t ry m i es bet een 2: p. .and 1 20 cal t f t ed ai i f' r aton y hi t nut w 20 m 0: p. . a he di notc pl i a m , nd d om a n bouthi r s r i s c r ul ton,orpa n be s e t a nt , ic a i i yond ba di c f t ck s om or . Eve durng t ni ht s f be or m e ca m oniorng soppe pl ntf doesnota l ge he t d n i he g - hi t f e di l t i t d, ai if le ol an yone a boutt ts ve e pai ' s t hi a lt t sng l r l y. The a l ge di c f t he te r n' de pie s biiy o i t y oudl ' ve ' le d s om or ca edbyt l kofcic ai i hi lgswa tmpor yandaéçmi mi r ul.Ac or ngl us he ac rulton n s e s e ar ni s es t c di y, t de e he f ndant a e e il d t q lfe i m uniy be aus pl i i ff l t e t bls a s r ntt e o ua ii d m t c e a ntf ais o s a i h c tt ina vi ai a t unlwf ne so usngt r sritc i wasno o eci y onsiuto l olton nd he a ul s f i he etan har t bj tvel a r a t ttm e. ppa ent t ha i 5Pl i ifsalega i t the s f ed cr at r damage a a r s toft r s r i c rbe us hi bl pr s u e a ntf ' l ton ha ufer icul o y s e ul he e t ant hai ca e s ood e s r dr ppe whiem e tng m e c saf i c r ce b hi own M ach2008m e ca si wheehewrt he o d l ei dial t f s ontaditd y s r di l lp r ics e pein e lw bo dpe sr b cus hed e n tdike o g tud b c u eo jw p i c u e b teTMJ x re c s o lo rsu e e a e o s o rn n u h l is e a s f a an a sd y h d s r e . ( fs Ex 5 ( o 3 - )) io d r De ' . a n . 8 5 . 2. The de e nt a e e il d t qua i d i f nda s r ntte o lie mmuniy f rpli tf sc am sa t t o a n if l i bou ha as m ent t e t ,o na e c li r s , hr a s r m - a lng. W he ade e ntma sc n f nda ke omm e st tma consiut ve ba a eorha as me ,t e nt ha y tt e r l bus r s nt hos c m e sa one do notrs t t l lofa Ei h A m endm e vi a i Se Coli v. om nt l i e o he eve n ght nt ol ton. e lns Cundy,603F. 825,827( 0t Ci.1 ,otdfvo a yj) M oodvv. ove 885F. 865 2d 1 h r 979) ie a r bl ., 1 Gr , 2d ( t Ci.1 8 )(a l)(n bih d (tt a ag nea r l ta veb la u eo imae b 4h r 9 9 tb e u pu l e ) sai s e rl ue h t r a b s f n ts y s ng guads wihoutmor doe notsaeac tt ina cli ;M orionv. a tn,755F. pp. r , t e, s tt onsiuto l aml rs M ri su 683,68 ( D. C.1 (a ) TheConsiutondoesnott otc a i tali r i on 7 E. N. 990) sme . tt i t e t gans 1 ntusons pr one' pe ceofmi ' Pitlyv. ars 927F. 3,7 ( tCi.1 ) Vebalhaasme o s a nd. tse W ih, ' 2d 1s r 991 . r r s nt r i et e t t an i ae,e n t a e en t ti c us a i t f rore otona a ey,do dl hr a s o nm t ve o n xt t ha t a es n nma e ea m i l nxit notc tt e an i i ofa i ntfe lbe t i e es .Em m onsv. cLa ons iut nvas on ny de i i d i ry nt r t M ughln,874 F. i 2d 351 354( h Ci.1 (ttngver lt e t ca i fa f plitf slf nota i rng nt , 6t r 989) sai ba hras usng e r or anif ie n nfi eme ofac tt i lrght;M a tnv.SaMe ,780F. 1 1338( t Ci.1 (alnga onsiutona i ) ri r nt 2d 334, 8h r 985) c li n i t a obs nena di no vi aec tt i rghtl La rv. eee,698F. 1 6 nmae n ce me d t olt onsiutonal i s; ma St l 2d 28 (t Ci.1 )(s- easal ar note 5h r 983 El t one e -hr nough.A g)1 cl m onl ac r swhe t t e t j 983 ai y c ue n he hr as ort e tni conduc r ul i ac tt ina de i to ' Ke v.CiyofAl nv,594F. hrae ng t es t n onsiuto l prvain.l; yes t ba Supp.11 ( D. Y.1 (1Tj us ofviea a i lng gerncudi rcile t tj 47 N. N. 984) 6( he e l nd busve a ua i l ng a a pihes, nomatrhow a rntorrpr he i e c nno fr t ba i f aj1983cai ') The1w te bhore e e nsbl, a t o m he ss or l m. . ' a i ce rt tmeethr tni lngua a g tr sofg)pe ofie dono,e n i tue s la ha r ç eae ng a ge nd esu e a nal fc r t t ve f r , co tt ec tt i lvi ai .'Fihe v.W oods 373F.Supp.970,973( D. .1 . nsiut onsiutona oltons' s r on, E. Va 973) Ac or ngl pl i iff ist esa ih t ta de e ntvi a e a c tt i lrghtby c di y, antf al o t bls ha f nda olt d onsiutona i ha as i t ea e ng,orr di ulng hi , nd t de e n sa e e il d t q lfed i m uniy r s ng, hr t ni i c i m a he f nda t r ntt e o ua i i m t f t s cl m . or hi ai She i fJ r f ohns n i e il d t qualf e i m uniy. o s ntte o ii d m t She ifJ rf ohns i as e ild t quaiid i muniy be us pl ntf f ist esabls on s lo ntte o lfe m t ca e ai if a l o t ih s vi aedoneofpli ifsconsiutonalrght.Su r ior la lt unde j1 ma no he olt antf' tt i i s pe vs y ibiiy r 983 y t be pr di at d o y on t t r ofr pondea s ror Se Vi dc v.G i ,550 F. 926, e c e nl he heo y es t upe i . e nne e bbs 2d 929( h Ci.1 .Seci 1 rquie as ngofpes na fulont pal ofadefndan 4t r 977) ton 983 e rs howi ro l a t he 4 e t eihe ba e on t de e ntspe s t r s d he f nda ' r onalc onduc ora he ' conduc i e c i oft t not rs t n xe uton he de en nt spolc e o c t s See Fj he v. as ng on M er ia Ar aTr nstAut . f da ' i i s r us om . : r W hi t topolt n e a i hor, - 690F. 1l 11 43( hCi.1 ,a ogae o ohe gr 2d 33, 42- 4t r 982) br td n t r oundsbyCnt ofRi ri v. y. vesde M c ua i 500U. 44( 991 .Pl ntf' concus y algai t tJ onpr gae La hln, S. 1 ) ai ifs l ol le ton ha ohns omul td polcest us t r sr i chara at t ede cei s c o and l ksas i il ofevi nc i i o e he e ta nt i s orur vi s pe i us ac cntla de e. BelAt.Cor v. mbl 550U. 544,555( l l p. Two y, S. 2007)(ttngac antne ds1 s t sai ompli e $ hor and a pli sae n o tecam s wigta t ep e d ri e tte t r l f' n s fiin ûta t a an ttme t f h li ho n h t h la e s nild o ei 'a d u fce til cu l e l a l ga i ns ... o r i e a r g t r le a le to t a s i ht o e i f bovet s c a i l ve ....' he pe ul tve e l ' Pli ifsat r tvea lga i t tt r sr i tc i wa no us i c planc wih a ntf le na i le ton ha he e ta n har s t ed n om i e t d m sa r es'a s a f r noEi ht Am e t nor nd ul ' lo f o ds g h ndme r le bec us ac am t tJ i o tca s nt ei f a e l i ha al fi il ha no f l ve t olowed t rown polc e orpr e esalo doesno a oun t aco tt i l hei ii s oe dur s t m to nsiutona vi ai SçeUnie Stt v.Ca ees 440U. 741( olton. td aes cr , S. 1978) Ricov.Cnt ofFara Va. , . ci v. ifx, , 907F.d 1 2 459,1 ( h Ci.1 ( di t ti saelw g a smor pr ed a rg st n 469 4t r 990) hol ng ha f tt a r nt e oc ur l iht ha t Co tt i r uies asaesfiu et a debyt tlw i notafde a duepr es is ) he nsiuton eq r , tt' alr o bi ha a s e rl oc s sue . Jai st f saleged neglgence i sr ng pl ntf i o t r t ntal o doesnots at a l af l i n tappi ai i f nt he esrai s te c tt i leam.Se Da ds nv.Ca onsiutona li e vi o nnon,474U. 344 (986 ( r ne i ntf l et S. 1 ) mee glge aiur o prtc imaed e n t p iel ryn rvo aet eFo re n hAme d nl W hte , 7 oe t n t o s o de rv i t o ilt h u te t be n me t; i v 4 5 l U. a 31 (û ac a wa onnes,no i S. t 9 û obdur y nd nt s t nadvetnce... harcei t c re c a trze he onduc pr bie t ohi td bygheEiht Amend t....) Eve i J tnpr biedpl ntf fom tlnggiva es t g h menj '. n f ohnso ohi t ai if r ii re nc , ' pl ntf doesnothave a cons iutonalr ghtt access a gri ai if tt i i o evance s t . Adam s v.Ri 40 ys em ce, F. 7 7 ( h Ci.199 ,Ac or ngl plitf fist esa iht tSheifJ o vi ae 3d 2, 4 4t r 4) c di y, anif al o tbls ha rf ohns n oltd one ofhi c tt i s onsiutonalr g s and s i e il d t qualf e i m uniy. i ht , he s ntte o iid m t D. YOUNG I ENTI S TLED TO SUM MARY J UDGMENT BECAUSE NO REASONABLE TRI OFFACT ER COULD RULE I PLAI FF S FAVOR. N NTI Pli ifale st t whiehewassili t r tai c i,Young a a herde y antf l ge ha , l tl n he esr nt har nd not put pummeld hi hea a f cef mor t n sx m i e on t s pa a eocc i .6 Y oung aver e s d nd a or e ha i nut s wo e r t asons s t tne t rhe nor a ha ihe nyone el e s r k pl i if s t uc a ntf . la m i ult tIm a notr s ve di put d f c s w ei h e de e,o de e m i m ndf ha y e ol s e a t , g vi nc r t r ne cr biiy. A lhough bot pl ntf a de e n s t lt o oppos d ve s ons ofwha ha ned edi lt t h ai i f nd f nda t el w e ri t ppe whiepl ntf wasi t r sr ntchar t m e c r c d unde m i spl ntf sca mst s h l ai if n he e tai i, he dial e or r ne ai if li o uc e tn t a n r a o a l j r e udb l vehsv rino e e t .Se , . , r atv. c l, 5 x e t h t o e s n b e u y o l ei i eso f v n s e çg.P e s M Gi 6 e l F. u p. 13 5 4 7( D. . . 9 9 (ttn ap an ip u s bsa tae camso pema e t S p 2( 9 , 0 S. W Va 1 9 ) saig litf s n u tn itd li f r n n ij r c u e bya yalg d u eo f reaee tte t ltl weg twh nt ep an ifc l t nu y a s d n le e s f o c r nild o i e ih e h litf amo t poi t e de eofavii eij ya t tmeoft i i ntormedi le denc ofs rous nt o vi nc sbl nur t he i he ncde ca vi e ei l tngij is.Pli ifalgest tt t r asi nure ) antf le ha he wo oundso be tngsoc ureds rl a trboh6: f ai c r ho ty fe t 00 a 7: p. . Asr l c e o t m e ca r or anur ec kedpli ifa 6: , 6: 7: nd 00 m efe t d n he di l ec d, s hec antf t 20 50, 20, 7: 8: 8: 9: 9: a 1 20 p. .a r c de a ea h tmet tt r wa no d sr s 50, 20, 50, 20, 50, nd 0: m nd e or d t c i ha he e s ite s 6Be us pli ifsa us ton satsa Ei hA mend e cam ofe s i f c , whi w a cla l e tbls ca e antf' cc ai t e n ght m nt li xce sve or e ch s e ry sa ihed byt tm eoft eve s Y ou i note il t quaii i muniy. he i he nt, ng s ntted o lfed m t 16 a no pr e wih pli ifsCs n orcr a i ' Thenur enot d t c nd oblm t a ntf tki iculton. ' s e t ompl i s'a t no ant' t he 7: c k,des t pl i if sdes i d t s vag be tngs Pl i if doe nota g t tt 50 hec pie a nt f crbe wo a e a i . a nt f s r ue ha he m edi alr c d i no a he i ort tt num e ous nu s ng e r e a e dif r ntt wha c e or s t ut ntc ha he r r i nti s r f e e han t t a pie whe t nur esc c hi . r ns r d n he s he ked m ? A c or ng t pl i if t punc sw e e s co t nt br a , r c ng t ca ehi c di o a ntf , he he r o ns a , ut l and e uni o us m t a svene v ' obl m s t sbl bnlsng a t si m r e'pr e , t i e ii boutt f ea e , a per ne e vi he ac nd yes' nd ma nt ye ' da a . The doc e she c t s t s m ge um nt ie o uppor hi cl i ofne v dam age di c s s s i s e lng t s am re s us e lght w li ofhi ha t ry- i esbef r hi r e e f om t r t a ntc i a a t e w ee o1 s nds hi t m nut o e s el as r he esr i ha r nd hr e- k d soma pan her pore t e da afe t al ge be tng.8 H ow ever,pli ifc t ch i e td hr e ys tr he le d a i a ntf ompl i d t ane o J i me c lsa fofe pai and pa n i t ba k ofhi hea a e ry a Oct r2006. W hie I al di a t f ye n i n he c s d s a l s obe l a c pl i ifsve sonsoff c sastuewhen r s vi def nt 'm oton f s ma y c ept antf ri at r e ol ng enda s i or um r j udgme ,1fndt nor s bl tiroffc c n fndi pl ntf' fvorconc r ngYoung' nt i hat ea ona e re a t a i n ai ifs a eni s aleged excessi f ce w hen vi i hi cl m sagai t r d. Accor ngl Young i l ve or ew ng s ai nst he ecor di y, s e tte t s mma yj g n . n ild o u r ud me t 11 1. Fo t ef r g igr aon , g a ttedee d n s moin frs mma yj d me ta dd n r h o e on e s s I rn h fn a t' to o u r u g n n e y a m ootpl i if sm oton f r a hea i a m o i f acop oft Loc Rul . s a ntf i o rng nd ton or y he al es The Cl r i die t d t s nd co e oft sm e or ndum opi on a t ac om pan ng ek s rce o e pi s hi m a ni nd he c yi 7Pl i ifm e e y ale shet d t nur e a t l tc k at1 20 p.m .t de tesbe thi butt tt nu s antf r l lge ol he s t he as hec 0: hat pu i a m ha he r e di r ga ded hi sa ement se r s tt . 8A spr vi l dicus e , plitf s a p i a dIw blo prsu erlt t c n iin n tc n e tdt te e ousy s s d an i j w an n o o d es r eae o o dto s o o n ce o h f aleg bea i l ed tng. or t pl nt f and counselofr d f t def der o ai if ecor or he endant s. EN TER :Thi s = da ofA ugus ,2011 y t . * Se or Unied St esD i t ctJ t at sri udge 18
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
