Hammer v. Smith, No. 5:2017cv00121 - Document 17 (W.D. Va. 2018)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 5/10/2018. (jv)
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Hammer v. Smith Doc. 17 eLERKS OFFI uts,Dl coum CE sT. Araov ùl , c vA I TH E UN I N TED STATE S D ISTRICT COU RT FL D IE FOR THE WES TERN DI STRI OF W RGI A CT NI H ARRI N BU RG D I I SO V SION GRE GO RY LE ON H AM M ER, Pl nt f , ai i f yéy j jg j gg BJ 'out ' L x YuL . sa Ci lActon N o.5:7- 001 vi i 1 cv- 21 tf ry M E M O RAN D U M O PI I N N O M ARY CI, ARE SM I H , T D ef endant . By: H on.M i chaelF.U r bansd l ChifUnied S a e Dit tJ e t t t s sdc udge Gr g r Ha rc mme e t scv l ci p s a t 4 U.. j 1 8 a e o y mme o nc d hi ii a t utu nt o 2 SC. j 9 3 nd on 1 32 e i .a i pr c e ig a apa rpu s ntt 28U. C. 1 1 . n me na s 21 , t e , nd s o e dn s upe rua o S. j 9 5 Ha a r me D r M a y Clr Sr t Fa iiy D iec orofW e t r St e H os t l ast s e def nda . . r a ke nih, c lt t t s e n at pia, he ol e nt Sr t fl am oton t dinas ,a H a m e t ponde m a ng t srï trêpe f nih led i o s i s nd m r ès d, ki hi zate i oz diposéon. A fe z vi wi H a mezss nisons t c tgz st m odon t dinns s i l t r e e ng m ' ubz s i , he our ant he o s is and gt sH a m e t oppor niy t a e z ant m z he m t o m nd. 1. H a m e pt ent t e c m sr l e t t condii he e ze ed a W ese n m r es s hr e bi eat d o he tons xpe i nc t tr St t H os t l3Fid ,H a m e c lm st tS h vi at hi Fis Am endm e rghtt t ' ae pia . t t m r l i ha nùt ol ed s t t nt i o he feee r i eofr lg on by deny ng hi K herghtt e e i o hol m a rm ony. N e , r xe c s eii i m r i o nt t nt t y ti ' xt ' H a m e algest Snlt vi at hi Fis Am e m r le hat ih ol ed s r t ndm e t ha m ea ngf ac es t nt o ve ni ul c t o couz sby notpz di lw booksori e ne ac s . s l H a m erale t tSnlt t ovi ng a nt z t ce s La ty, m lges ha ih d s rmi td a ans li i vilto oft Ameia wihDia l isAc (K ic i nae g i t zm n o ain he tc qs t sbite t T i ADA' b ) y 1 ec utd cie t c n ett mo o t ds s t amoinfrs mmayj g n. e e .Fe . Ci P. 2d . Th o r el s o o v r he é n o imis o to o u r ud me tS e . , d R. v. 1 () n 2H a m e fl d a m oton t a e a t rSm i fld t m odo t d s is ECF N o. Be a et a e e m r te i o m nd fe t le he h n o im s . 16. c us he m ndm nt co r ct t orl i doesnotc e t i ndEe dehce isi tz a e d c r e s ypos l t y, ur he de d ince n le m nde ompl i . co di l ,t m odon t ant Ac z ng y he o a n i d ne a fte S e e .Fo nv Dai, 7 U.. 7 , 8 (9 2. me d s e id s' i . e ., ma . vs 3 1 S 1 8 1 2 1 6) ul . 3W ese St t Hos t li am e c l l toft Vig' ' D e rm e ofBe v or lH e lh a D e l e a Se i e t m a e pia s di a lni he r t a pa t nt nl ha i a a t nd veopm ntl w c s (DBHDS' Ha rmo e t Wetm SaeHosi lnS pe e 2 1 atr saect d e dhm n t t'yb < < '. mme v d o se tt pt i e tmb r 0 7 fe a tt out e me i o gut y ) a l r s ofi azt a or r d hin cvil c ea on ns riy nd de e r i ly omm it d wih t D BH DS. te t he Dockets.Justia.com deny ng %i i e ne ac es . i m ntr t c s 1 I. A. Sr t a guest tt a e nih r ha he m nded c pli f l t s a e aplusbl cnm f r if To' om ant ais o t t a i e li ot ele . suvi amoto t ds s u rFe rl l ofCiiPz e ur 1 $() ac mpli k ve in o imis nde dea Rue vl oc d e 2q 6, o ant mu tc nti s fce tfc lmatzwhih, fa c ptd a tue K tt gjac m t z l f s o an ufiin a ma te c i c e e s t ,f aes hi o ei s e t a i pa i eonisfc . As c of v. b l 55 U.. 6 ,6 8( 0 9 (uot g BelAt h t s lusbl t a e' h r t 1 a, 6 S 6 2 7 2 0 ) q i l l ' n . Co . Twomb , 5 U.. 4 5 0 (0 7) Th c u tmu tf c e t welpld v. l 5 0 S 5 4, 7 2 0 ). e o r s f c pt he l e a al donsoft com pli ast ue'and fc t t f c sa r s bl i e ences lega he a nt t ' fonsrue he a t nd ea ona e nf t de i d t r z i t lghtm os f vor bl t t pl i ifJ l r av. nied St es 120 zve he efom n he i t a a e o he antf . ba r U t ' at , F. 4 , 7 (t Ci. 9 7 . sm ei no tu f rlg lc cuso .f t a bae 3d 72 4 4 4 h t 1 9 ) The a s t r e o e a on l i ns f e d r Th r ia soft ee e sofaca e ofa éon,s ect l he lm nt us c uppor e by m e e c us y sa e e s do td r oncl or t t m nt, nots fce'L .- 556U. at6789s eas W a M or Do s LLC v.Coz r 680F. 359, ufi .' qbg1 , S. e lo e at 3d 3 ( t Ci. 1 ) A p antf p o e dn pl s i hed t Te ssrng ntsa a d 't n 65 4 h r 20 2 . li if r c e ig - : s l o f s ti e tnd r s' ha . u l couns l d pl i if ,a t c tm us cons r he cam slbe al Se Erc on v. e e antfs nd he our t tue r li i r ly. e i ks Padu , 51U. 8 , 4 (0 7'Thec t ne dnotg r ace tfiur t alg fc st t t s5 S. 9 9 2 0 ) . out e ino e la al e o l e a t ha e s tf t a c e orh ogni a e cnm ,how e t SeeW elrv.D ep' ofsoc Se dcesf Ciyof z bl li ve . le t . . r ot t Batmor , 01F.d 3 7 3 ( h Ci. 9 0 . nl htofHo zssa'sa apr . li e 9 2 8 , 91 4t t 1 9 ) l i g mme ' tt s -. K u . o pl i if t cout wilfc i rb0t t c pl i and t f m a algadonsi antf, he t l fonsde . he om ant h he ac l le n glm me )r s et t emot t dil s i dee mii wh tzrli cnmsc n s vve l a Fs e pons o h i o snis n t r rng e le ls li a ur i on i dimis l' ho ov. l l .No. :4 v , 01 W L 7 7 20 a * ( . . . b. 4 s sa. S m A e nc, 71 c 40 2 5 ' 7 6 , t 2 W D Va Fe 2 , 2 59s eas Chzsma v. eAr oft ePid 01 ) e lo it s Th c h e montl .No. :2 v0 0 8 2 2W L , nc, 31 c 0 0 , 01 2 05 8 , t* ( . . . uy 1 , 0 2 . 9 5 4 a 2 W D Va J l 6 2 1 ) 2 B. Thehol m ati ony cni i defcent H a m ezar est thi Fis Am e e y tm l m s ii . m gu ha s t t ndm nt rghtt ar lg ousm a ra i iw i a e des t li sa' a a cvil c m it d pai nt Ci l i o eii ri ge s t olbl pie ls t t s i ly om te te . vi us det i aneesaz e ild t m ot consde a et e t e a c e ntte o e i t t t a m nt nd ondi donsofconfne entt n m ha p io r . un be v. me ,4 7U. 3 7 3 2 ( 9 2 . c r i l,cvld ti e rs ne s Yo r . o 5 S. 0 , 2 1 8 ) Ac o dngy ii eane s Ro ff e o c tt to l p otce i e et i c ndtonsofz a ona l c r a s ft , njyq onsiu inal r e t d ntr ss n o ii y e s b e a e nd aey r s bl nont ti tve c i m e c ea ona y eszc i onfne nt ondii ,aï s tsni a m a be t quie by' tons rd uch t i ng s y e td t ei e e t . T at323. hes nt r s s' d. : N onet e s when t c tde e m i si ta sa e hass tsi t e oblga i , hels , he out t r ne f le t t a ifed hes i tons fdecsonsm ade by t a opza epr es i la eentte t apr s pton of ' ii he ppr i t of sona r ild o e um i c re t e s'I ; e as Patnv. c l, 74F.d 8 9 8 ( t Ci. 00 )( ll g o r cn s. d.s e lo te Niho s 2 3 2 , 38 4h t 2 1 ho cn : i de a- - dc lc r f li mus beme s e a ans t p of si a jd me sa r nilofme ia-a e f qm c t a ut d g i t he z e son l u g nt tndad g éc ltd b . . n b t ' . d é l , i ti n fcl ys c iya ef c vey r u ae y . You e ' Ad i onal man anig a it e utt nd fe é l ) y i ma a i t i étz o a elgé t, n- univeg venme i ee t, o sv. a a , n gng he ns ti n r e i ma e no p t o z nt ntr ssJ ne Bln s t i 39 F. 91 , 3 (t Ci. 0 3 3d 8 9 2 9 h r 20 $. l t emo er stc i prs e c ntx , heS z meCo t e t a Tgherg t n h r e tit ion t o e t t up e ve ut notd h t fj iht o t mar ,iema y o he rg t,ss b e tt s bsa ta r slè nsa ar s to ry lk n t r i h s i u jc o u tn il e ti éo s e ul f i ac r t 'Tur rv. al , 2U.. 8 95( 9 7 . t eS pr meCot r f e t nc r eai ' ne S fe 48 S 7 , 1 8 ) But h u e on. ut eus d o count na an outi htba on m a ra E es ta s rnt e nce tg n ri ge f unl s le upe i ende ha a ove ta nt s ppr d le m a ra a tt fndi t tt t at c pe lng r a ons f doi s 7 I at96. hie t z ige fe i ng ha he e e om li e s ot ng o.> d. W l he Supz m e Cour a ee t prs of i sc d r e a et Hm e a cz s a e t gr d hat i on hcal oul f gul t he z nd icum t ncesunde r whih t m a da c t m ony is l t kesplce' t Supr m e Cour r s d t tt c he r ge e e tef a a ,' he e t ea one ha he 3 am os- tghtba on prs zm a za wasf z as bl z l e t ...pe og c l l touti n i one ri ges f e ona y eatd o not nol i a i e e t? and,t r or ,uncons i tona.1 at96,99. nt r s s' he ef e tm i l d. H amm e m e ey cnm st thi c tm tona zghtt m a r hasbe û vi a e r z l li ha s onsi i l i o r y e olt d. H a m e doe notdes i W ese n St t H os t lspolc on m a tm ony.Thecouz c m r s crbe t r a e pia' l y ti t annot ga t s uge he cope oft polc ozt vai t oft polc fom li pl ci .Se e.. he iy he ldiy he iy r ls ealngs e , Ov ronv. z e t, 3 U.. 2 ,1 ( 0 )(lsusi apli fsb d n t d s r ve e t Ba z ta 5 9 S 1 6 31 20 3 c c sng nnéf' ur e o ip o i v ldt o az gl éo i i ig o ac ttzina rg t; a s v. bet Be vo a aiiy f e ta n mpngn n onsi to l ih ) M rh Li ry h: ir l l a He l Cae l .No. 06c - 2 , 0 8W L 8 1 2 a *5( D. a M a. 7 2 08 ( tng at t,nc, 2: -v 1 5 2 0 h 2 6 3 t M. Fl. r 2 , 0 ) noi f a c t ha a id t z a ona e st tt a lze c ttzi lcam sr ie by eder l ours ve pple he e s blnes es o nay ons ittona li as d ivo u ai a cviyc n l ntrl nd i l ommitdpe pl) Ac o dngy t hol matmo y cam i y l te o e. c r i l, he y ti n li s dir s ed.H a m e m a r pl d hi hol m a tm ony cli t s if placi r r m e s sni s m r y e ea s y ti nm o ats y e lng equie nt . / C. H n m e ' a ce s t courscnm i as delce .Therghtofr as m rs c s -o- t li s lo i i nt i e onabl ac es t e c so coutsf sa ilr t t unde li cni , t ' f k ncla y o he t i êy ng l m wihoutwhih a pl ntf c nnotha s f r d c ai if a ve ufe e i uybyb igs tou o c ut. Chtso he v.iab , 36U.. 0 41 (0 2. a njt en hu t f o t' it r I r 5 : l S 4 3, 5 2 0 )As z ul,H a m e ' a es ro- otrsc am m us de c i li unde l ng c e ofa ton,aswel es t m zs cc st c zt l i t s rbe ls ryi aus ci l ast se Snat ha t ke orz us d t t ke t fus t t hi a lt t ac es t lga he t ps ih s a n, ef e o a , o r ta e s biiy o c s o e l m a e i l.l H e ha noti ntfed a nonfi ouslga cli t tSm ih' a tozom ison t ra s d. s de ii rvol e l qm ha t sc si p e n e hm fom l iaig. e e .W e tv. kns 48 U. 4 , (98 ) Ha me h s r ve t d i r i g tn Se . , s At i , 7 S. 2 48 1 8 . m r l t notdone s H am m e c nnott l on ava a c l or algadon ofi onveni e oz o. r a ey gue nd oncus y le nc enc dea .f h fc t a g p an ii ma not a et M g t i e a t t ma rh d sr s ly f e a t h t a litfl y be bl o ae n x cl he nne e e ie T' y i no s fce t de ta et a t a i u yee n ofa a c s t c rscsm. s t ufiint o monst t he ca lnjr lme t n c e s o ou t ll ' z j ' ' 4 dodtyv W ah. y, .S rf, 70 -v-0 8 , 0 N 24 5 2 , t 1 ( . fe . s Cnt.Va, heifNo. :6c 0 1 7 20 7 VL 0 7 8 a + 3 W D. Va Aug 1 , 0 7 . c t i l, hea c s t c urscgm i ds lse Ha tma . . 7 2 0 ) Ac o dngy t c e s o o t li s in is d. mme y t e d hi a ce s t courscn m t s if pl a ng z quie e s epl a s c s - o- t li o ats y e di e t m nt. D. Li wie t AD A cli i de i nt Til 1 oft AD A pt dest t<no quai d ke s , he nm s hc e . te 1 he ovi ha ' lhe i vi lwil a dia lt s l,by r as ofs h dia lt ,be e l ndi dua ta s biiy hal e on uc s biiy xcuded fom pa dcpaton t r i i i orbe deni t bene sofs r e ,pt r m s orac i te ofapublc e y ozbe n ed he ht e dc s og a , tvii s i ndt , s bjce t ds zmi to b a k h e dt . 4 U.. j 1 3 TheADA do snot u e td o ici nai n y ny uc n y' 2 SC. 21 2. : e pt dea c us ofac i a i tSm i. asa i vi l Se e. .Baid v.Rts ,1 F. ovi a e tbn gans t h n ndi dua. e , t î e 92 3d 4 , 7 -7 (t Ci. . 9 9 )seas Mat wsv. . ' ofCor.61 F. x1 3 62 4 1 2 4 h r Va 1 9 ) e lo the Pa De t z, 3 App' 6 , 1 9 (dCi. 01 )(e o nii apes ni no a ç ntf'sbjc t s tu zt 6 -70 3 t2 5 zc g zng ro s t n f i u e t o ui nde he e t ADA)Ac o dngy t ADA cnm i dsnse wihprj ie . c r i l,he li s irisd t eudc . 11 1. Fozta f egoi r a ons tn colr wildeny H anm e ' m oton t a e gz nt le oz ng e s , le zt l z rs i o m nd, a Snzt sm oton t dinas ,din ist hol m a rm ony a a ce s t t - zt cli ih' i o s is s as he y ti nd c s -o-he cotr s l m wih tpr jdiea t eADA cnm wih p eudc . t ee tntHa zma saea t ou eu c nd h li t z j ie To h x e mme y t t n a céona ehol m a dm ony a a es -o-he coutscam ,t c utwilgr H a m e bl y t nd cc s t t - t li he ot l ant m r t went one da t fl a s ond a ende com pl i t tsa esa cni upon wli h r lef yys o ie ec m d ant ha t t lm nc ei ma beg a e Alm o i wil r f te t Unie S ae M a ita eJ g J lC. y r ntd. l tons lbe ee z d o td tt s g st t ud e oe Ho pu s ntt 2 U.. j6 6q 1. wi bed sg tdt c uc me ainsa ppe rua o 8 SC. 3 $()He l einae o ond t dito nd l he rngs i l ng e de r he tngs a he hndsnec s r ,a he s l fl pt a i , ncudi vi nda y a i , s es a y nd hal le opos d e fndng a rc mme ai whe rq ie b j6 q 17) i i s nd e o nd tons n e urd y 36 $() . 5 E ERT i / NT :hs V dy f y21.f aoMa,08 wf 2 X.. . / .r -W ChifU vt d a e Ditit ud e e e 3tt s src l g - Y 6 . . . . . . . . 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