Ferrell v. Great Eastern Resort Corporation, Inc. et al, No. 5:2013cv00075 - Document 124 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 11/12/2014. (jat)
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r WRK' OFFI EU. DI COURT d : t S. sT. J ATHARRI SONBURQ V A Fl Fn l IN TH E U N I D STAT E S D IST RICT CO U RT TE FO R T H E W E ST E RN D IST RICT O F V IRG I I N A H ARRISO N BU RG D I ISIO N V d2k 1 2 1 24 LI C U A zCLEM 1 STEV EN FER RE LL, Pl ntf , ai if Ci lActon N o. 5: c vi i : 8 v000 75 V. G R EA T EASTER N R ESO R T By:H on.M i chaelF.U r bans ki CORPORATI I , 1 , ON, NC.M Unied Stt DititJ t aes stc udge D ef endant s. M EM O RAN D U M O PI I N N O Thi m ateri bef e t cour on def ntG t Easer Res tCom ot s t s or he t enda eat t n or adon,l ' nc.s (f e tEatr 'l f a sen' modon f s Gr l ot ummayj gme , . 78, ndpli ifStve Ferl' r ud ntDktNo. a antf e n rels (Fer1'moinf tp r a s mmayjd me tDk . . 0 Ferlalg st a Gra Ea tr , f re1) t o aù l u r u g n , tNo 8 . rel l e h t e t sen K ' o e li f m e e pl ,url zl ret i ed a i thi f flng a chat ofs as or r m oyer tawftly alat ra ns m or ii ge exualhar s e wih as m nt t t eEq a Empo me Op rt iyCo sin (EEOC' i voainof t VI ofheCii h u l ly nt po tnt mmiso < z < ' n ilt ) o Til l t vl e li sAc of1 4,4 U. C. 20 - Am. tght t 96 2 S. j 00e3. Compl, . 45, t! 1 Fott r aonssae .DktNo. a . he e s ttd heen,hec r wilGRANT dee ntsmodonf s ri t ou t l fnda ' or ummayj me a DEN Y Ferls r udg nt nd tel ' motonf pata s i or ril ummayj gme . r ud nt 1. Ferrell v. Great Eastern Resort Corporation, Inc. et al Doc. 124 Gt a Eatr de lpe Masa tnrs t(f sa tn',a6, 0a r tmes r ts t e t sen veo d snute eor t snute ' 00 ce i -hae eor Ma ) l ed i Rocki ocat n ngham Count Vigi a.G r Eas et buita de oped t tm e-ha att y, r ni eat t n l nd vel he i s tes he 1Gr a Easer Res r sM a m e , I ,a TheRes t Companis l ,wer tr na e a defndanso e t t n o t nage nt nc. nd ors e , nc. e e mi t d s e t n De m be l 201 ce r 0, 3. Dockets.Justia.com r t butt Be lly G r esor, he rte oup,I ,a For La r e,Fl i bas com pany,m anagesm a tng nc. t ude dal orda, ed rke i a slsa tviisf Mas tn. ehole De l,Dk. 7 1 a ! 2nd ae ci te or sanute Hir z r c. tNo. 8-, t ! 4. G r East n sel tm e- har utlvi s l em pl eat er ls i s es ii ng a es oyeeson t ditncts est s The wo s i al eam . ff ftontlne' s l t ft tm e buye ,a t fi houselne' s l t exitng tm e- har ownet i ' els o lst i ts nd he tni ' els o s i i s e s. De. Me S p S mm. .Dk . 7 , t 4 Th fo l ea di ho s l eha edfee fs m. u p. u J, tNo. 9 a + . e z nti n n- u e i v ifrnt ' n n w ork s chedul ,gi dif entt es ve f et ypes oft s and t i of i ar l ed i dif r ar on t out , het fces e ocat n f e ent eas he M a s nute pr ry. d. S o e D e a 67: 2 1 . s a t n ope t l ; pr us p. t 1 - 5 The hi r r hy oft s l ss a fa G r a eac he a e t f t e t Eatt c it oft pr e tdrcorlnedie t s slsma geso fa -ve'ma g r (d sen onsss he ojc ie t ,i tcor, ae na t r ' keo r' na es < t TO ma ge' , ndslsrpr e a s Thepr e tfie t oves e alsl o rdonsa na rh a ae e esntdve . ) ojc lrcor re s l aes pea t M as anuten,t lne diect sover ee t TO m anager who,i t n,over eet sofsaes s t he i r oê s he s n ur s eam l r pr ent e es aùves The s esre ent i ar t ft tpoi ofcont f cusom e atM ass t . al pres atves e he ls nt act or t rs anuten. Clve e Af.Dk. 7 4,a !3. e ng r f, tNo. 8- t Typi l t f lne s esr es advesar i a t res tea m or ng and wai f caly, he ront i al epr ent tve t he or ch ni t or gues st a rve f t t o r i or oursoft properp The te ent i a c en t gi t son a he t pres atves re hos o ve our r adonalbass A fera t u oft pr r y and is f ltes t re ent i brng t c t er ot i. t ot he ope t t aciii , he pres atves i he us om back t t r or and ty t convi t c om ett com m i t ptr i a tm e- har Att s o he es t t . o nce he ust o t o tchasng i s e. hi poi a TO m a ge a ss swih t ta a don a ti s t c os t s l . Fe r l D e a 36: 1 nq na r s it t he r ns c . nd te o l e he a e r el p. t 1 38: 41: 12, 2-17.Thecust e et r us t buy,m akes a fflldow n' purc eby payi atl t om r iher ef es o fzl' has ng eas t per en centoft pur e prce up f ,orm akesa tpende ' pur e wher he c m ist pay he chas i ront d r' chas e om t o a l as t n pe c ntoft pur ha epr c o ta pe i oftm e. ous D e a 41 1 42: TO te t e re he c s i e ve rod i Spt e p. t : 0- 25. m anager alo gi atl one t each da K entD ep.at22: 22.TO m ana sm a coset r s s ve east our y. 13ger y l hei own de swihoutt as i t al t he s sance ofanot TO m anageti t i saesnum ber ar a cer nn lve f her f her l s e t i e l or t pr c di sxmont .L a 2 5 10 Br dly De a 48: - l aTO m a ge cos sade lon he e e ng i hs i t 9:- ; a e p. t 11 15. f na r l e a hi ow n butdoesnotha t r st sx- ont s eslve,anot TO m ana rw ilha t sgn s ve he equiie i m h al e l her ge l ve o i 2 of on t dea bef i can be s it l t cas t s f he l ore t ubm ted. n hat e, he econd TO m anagetwilreceve t TO l i he com m i i f t s e.I at30: 31: sson or hat al d. 3- 21. Saesr pr s nt dve a e e l t d ba e on a pe f m a e m e rc k wn asvol e pe l e e e a s r vaua e s d r or nc t i no um r g t(V1G'.TheVPG clultoni sti f a r t t a sl rve ge ttdbya ues f 3 ' < ) ac ai s taghtotvad:he otl aes e nue neae t ese atve di ded by t t alnum berofcus om er t r esent i t epr nt i vi he ot t s hat epr atve outed i a gi petod. n ven i M anager l atV PG overperodsoftm e r ' g f om t r y otsxt days,t sx m ont t one s ook i i angm r hit iy o i hs, o year l at14: 16: A pet on' V PG can dif ovett evaroustm e f am esdependi on i he . d. 19- 9. s s fet hos i i r ng f hi a sum p,wenton a hots t ak,i a cust erchanged hi m i and canceled apurc e afer t l te f om s nd l has t l a ng t r s t oti ac t e f ie t c pl t a do n pa m e on a pe rs l Fe t l D e e vi he e or, f us om t a l d o om e e w y nt nde a e. r e l p. a 290: 25; ous D e a 3 5 1 ,44: - .V PG r po t c n i l onl tfzldo n' s l s f t 9- Spr e p. t 9: - 3 11 16 e r s a nc ude y <t w ' a e or l t s est es atvesordf ldown pl pende .'Sprous D ep.at44: 25;Fer elD ep.at he al ept ent i ful us rs' e 17rl 227: 228: Br ey D ep.Ex.12. m ana sar evauat bas on t m eti t i V PG 23- 11; adl TO ger e l ed ed wo rcs: het m eas es t rs espe or ance,a t rKTO num ber 'tack t rperf m a asm ana s ur hei al rf m nd hei K s' r hei or nce ger - mnnl t i a lt t f lz sls Clve e Af. !5 BrdlyDe a 47:-6. i y her biiy o maie ae. e ng r fAt ; a e p. t 11 G r Easer s onaly reducesiss esf ce t coi de wih deci i t i m .Fet el eat t n eas l t al ot o nci t lnes n ours rl D ep.at51: 52: K entD ep.at59: 21.I or t det m i how m any m e ber oft s l 8- 13; 14- n der o er ne m s he a es ta t rti t pr e tdie t rle ont makei de rme ' prdit c t rfo e m o ean,he ojc rcor eis he r tng pat nts e ced usome lw a rc nd e omme donon t numbe ofsl safnee d.Ke De a 6011617. pê e t nda he r aes tf de nt p. t : - : The ojc diect wilt r t s ess af bas on t i V PG and t m i e ottansf t e s l t or l hen ank he al t f ed he r et nat r er hos aes r es nt epr e advesr anked bel t num berofr es atvesneeded. K entD e at61: 62: ow he epr ent i p. 9- 9. Fer el be wot ng f G r Easer asa fontlne s l r pt ent i i 2003.Fet el r l gan ki or eat t n r i a es e es atve n tl D ep.at45: 10.H ew aspr ot t TO m ana i 2005,dem ot t s l r es advei 2007, 4om ed o ger n ed o a es epr ent n pt ot t s esm a geta m ont l er dem ot t s esre ent i agan t f l ng om ed o al na h at , ed o al pres atve i he olowi m ont tansf tr t t exi de % e a f m ont l e ,tans e red back t s esasa TO h, r e ed o he t pat nt ew hs at r t f t o al m anage i 2008,dem ot onceagan t s esr tn ed i o al eptes atve t f l ng m ont and t ent i he olowi h, hen t m i ed i N ovem ber2008.Fet el D ep.at45: 48: Fer el D ep.Ex.4.The N ove be 2008 er nat n rl 15- 12; r l m r t mi er nadon w aspar ofa s t easona r l educton a wasbas on Fet el' poors esnum be . i nd ed t ls al ts Clve e Af. t!89 ntDe a 1 1 - .Gra Eatr rlie Ferli 20 a asls e ng r fa Ke p. t 6:621 e t sen etrd reln 09 s ae r es adve,a Vi otBuckly w asli lne ciect .Fer el D ep.at48: 49: Fer elD ep.Ex. epr ent nd ct e ls i lt ot r l 20- 1; r l 4.Fer el w aspr ot t TO m anage a n i 2011.Fer el D ep.a 49: rl om ed o r gai n rl t 14-169Fe t lD ep.Ex.4. r el I Febm ar 2012,Fe elwastansf r t a dif entlne diect ,Rebecca Br e afe ha ng n y rt l t er ed o fer i r or adly, t r vi pr e sw or i wih Buc e Br d e D e a 1 20- 8: Fe r l D e Ex.4 Ex.16 a *G ERC obl m k ng t kly. a l y p. t 7: 1 9; r e l p. , t 6329K entD ep.at34: 35: 16- 22. l 201 BobKe (< nt'a StveNihol (Nihol' weec pr e tdrco sf t n 2, nt < ' nd e c s ( c s' r o- ojc ie tr or he Ke ) f ) rs tsslsdi son, ndRe c aBrdlyrBrdlf'wa Ferl' l ctcor Clve ge De a eor' ae vii a be c a e f a e ) s tels i le t . e n r p. t ne i 22: 199K entD e at34: 19.Fet el w asaTO m a geron Br ey' lne.Fer el D ep.a 49: 14p. 16rl na adl s i rl t 14- 19 l lt J yore ryAu t2 2, Ke ake Brdlyt slc oneofhe TO ma g r t . n ae ul al gus 01 Bob nt s d a e o ee t r na es o dem ot and t bas herdec son on eihe TO n'm be ,ft number ' orpe onalW 3G .Br ey e o e ii t r A ts team s' rs adl D ep.at64: 15;KentD ep.48:2- Bt e recom m ended t Fer el s d be dem ot 41 22. adly hat r l houl ed becaus he had t l es TO num be am ong Br ey' t e he ow t rs adl s eam ofTO m anage and becaus of rs e fhow much vol e hehad,and how m any t eshehad s on.'Bradl D e at65: 16; f um abl at ' ey p. 10- Cl ve e D e a 1 : - . e ng r p. t 51 3 11 The f a de ii t de ot Fe r l wa K e ' r s i lt . e m l c son o m e r el s nts e ponsbiiy K nt D ep.at48: 11.D es t hi dem oton t saesre ent tve,Fer el contnued t cose s e ofhi 4pie s i o l pres a i rl i o l om s deal wihoutt as it s t he ss ance ofaTO m ana .I at28: 29: Fer el D ep.a 49: 50: ger d. 10- 109 r l t 25- 12. O t TO m anagersw e dem ot f her re ed tom ot rlnes asw el.Thos TO m a he i l e nager notonl s y had t l es TO num be am ong t TO m anage on t rres he ow t rs he rs hei pecdve t s butt y as had eam , he lo t l es pe onal' he ow t rs VPG num be aswel.Clvenge D ep.at152: 153: On Br e slne, rs l e r 24- 6. adly' i however t e wasnota TO m anagerw ho had botlt l , her l he owes TO num bet and t l es t s he ow t pes l rona VPG.Ferlha t l s TO numbes butSe Mori (< otn' ha t lwet rel d he owet r, tve tn K r' ' d he o s M i) per onalVPG .1 a 153: 21. s d. t 7- Afe lsd moini Au us, rell dac mpan wihDa i Clve g r(C1v n e', tra e t n g tFetlfe o lit t vd e n e < e e g r' i o l < ) G t a Ea t r shum a t o c sdie t a M as a t n.I t tc pl i , r ela l g d he wa e t s e n' n es ur e t c or t s nute n ha om a nt Fe r l le e s wrongf l de ot bas on a r antcreadons p bet n hi s uly m ed ed om i l hi wee s uperv s ,Bt le and one of i ot acly, hers di es M ot i i vi aton ofG r Eas er sdicrm i ubot nat , rn, n ol i eat t n' s i nadon and har m entpolcy. ass i Cl evengerD e at15: 21;ClvengerD ep.Ex.3.K entand N i sdi notknow Fer lfl t p. 12e chol d rel ted he Au s h ma rs u c sc mpan u iti lkainbe a . nt p. t 61 -9 Nih l De gut u n e o te o lit nt hs i t l t o g n Ke De a 4 :4 1 ; c os p. at103: 104: Br e knew Fer el fl acom pl nta 22- 4. adl y r l ted ai bouthi de oton,buts ci notknow s m i he ld t pat ll s oft com pl nt Bradl D e at43: 19,44: 13,70: 11.l Se em be 2012, he dczat he ai . ey p. 1125- n pt r Fe t lfl a se r el ted xualdicrm i i char wih t EEO C.K entD ep.at32: 18;Cl s i naton ge t he 12evenge D e r p. Ex.7.N eihe Br e K ent norN i swasawat t tFe relfl t Sept berEEO C t r adly, , chol e ha r l led he em com pl ntuntlf sltiadon be Br e D ep.at137: 8;K entD e at57: 58: N i sD ep. ai i hi i g gan. adly 3p. 12- 9; chol at104: 20. 11- Br ey adm is t beng i a r andc r a adl t o i n om eldons p wih M ot i att tm e s de ot hi t tn he i he m ed Fe rel Br e D ep.at34: 25.Af e Fer el fl li com pl ntwih hum an r r l. adly 16t t r l ted ls ai t esources Clvenger , e conf ed Br ey wasi a r atonshi wih M or i and t s r um adl n el i p t rn hat he ecom m ended Fe relf t l or dem odon bas on li TO num ber .Cl ed ts s evengerD e at144: 11.Clve p. 2e ngera s confr ed wih lo im t K entt hehad as t lne diect s t dem ot one TO m anage fom t rt sbas on t hat ked he i t ot o e tr hei eam ed he c ie i t lne dr c o sc ea c i e ho t f lde ttra he i ie t r hos nd onf- d w he ma modon de ii we ema . ., t csons t de 1l a t 1 32 - 6 :3 Clv n e De . .1 Th EEOC as i skae t ecam, st n bl t 6 :3 1 41 ; e e g r p Ex2 . e lo t t td h li wa t a e o we u c l t a t i or donobti detbls llvoltons' Til Vl,a cosdt fl. oncude l t he nf ma a ane sa ihed i ai 'of te l nd l e he te Fer el D ep.Ex.9 at+1. rl l O ct r2012,G r Eas er began pre rng f isseas n obe eat t n pa i or t onalr educton i s af . N i s i n t f chol r ved a com m uniaton f om G r tEas e n' he ofm a ketng t tf ecei c i r ea t r s ad r i ha rontlne saes saf needed i l tf t bereduced t ffy-i saesre es adves N i hol D ep.at27: 13.Rat t n c s af down o o it fve l pt ent . c s 2her ha ut t f t ffy-i i m edit y,K entand N i sdeci t ildaly cutt s ess af down t sxt lve o it fve m a el chol ded o ri l he al t f o i y-i r ese advest accountf tae ant pat i eas i t im as i ed w ih t f l f i 1d. ept nt o or l ki ed ncr e n outs socat t he al olage. at28: 29: 31: 32: K entt m i ed or tansf t el 14- 1, 13- 23. er nat r er ed even s esem pl al oyeesfom t f ont t he t lne,i udi one TO m anaget M or i w ho wasdem ot t s est es adve and tansf r t i ncl ng , rn, ed o al ept ent t er ed o t i hous s esEne.K enttansf r M or i r hert t m i i hi i ot t t gi hi a he ne al r e red rn at han er natng m n de o ve m s econd cha t i easehi s esnum be .K entD ep.71: 16,Ex.2 at*G ERC 6085. N o nce o ncr s al rs 92 em pl entacdon w ast oym aken ast Fe reli O ct . o r ln ober AsN ove berdr t a cose,Grea Eas e n decded t m ake t f alround ofc st t m ew o l t tt i o he m ut o he f lne saessaf.U sng a N ovem ber26,2012,year t dat s l t por ,K enta N i s ronti l t f i -o- e a es e t nd chol s ect St Fer el a ong wih ei ot m em be oft fontlne s ess af f t m i don. el ed eve r l l t ght het rs he r i al t f or er na O ne oft hosei vi l w asa TO m ana w ho had t l es V PG outofal ofta s ess af . ndi duas get he ow t l le al t f N i sD e Ex.2.K entand N i sr nked t s ess af accotdi t V' and r aned t t chol p. chol a he al t f ng o PG et i he op ffy- i m em ber oft saess af.W ih t excepton oft TO m anagerwih t l es V PG it eght s he l t f t he i he t he ow t outofaloft s ess af ,K entand N i sdi notconsde t ot TO m anager f t l he al t f chol d i r he her s or hat sa ona tr na nbe a eTO ma g r aej don ot rciei aongvrhVPG. ntDe es lemi do c us na es t udge he rtra l i t Ke p. a 1 23- 0 1 N ihol D e a 5 1 5 11 t 03: 1 4: 0; c s p. t 7: - 9: . Afe de i ngwhot tt nae Nihossnta emalt Viki Rui (Rui' Huma tt cdi o emi t, c l e n - i o c e z < z' f ) n Res cesD iec orf t Ber ey G r our r t or he kl oup,t i or heroft s ecdons.N i s D ep.Ex.2 at o nf m he el chol 2Cl nge t tfedt tt Hum a Re olr Diecorf t Be kl Gr eve r esii ha he n s zces r t or he r ey oup,Viki Rui, m a t de sont c e z de he cii o ta frMornb cu eSt udb b s t sn l rilu t i h u e. . ene d dt b sp rtdfo rnse ri e a s k wo l c eto e d Morn p o n-o s . h e e o e e aae rm i Brdly. Bu M ori sçcha ofEmpl e For 'cla l sae t tanse a dem oi w eetpe Bob a e ' t rn' ç nge ' oym nt m ' e ry t ts he r fr nd ton r t r Ke t'a be aus ofçpoorPr ton- Gi anoherc ea I n' nd c e t oduci ven t hanc t nhous 'Compa eCl nge Dep.a 1 l e. ' r eve r t 66:91 6wihKe De Ex. a *GERC 6085.M o e ,Nihol t tfedt tKe woul ma decso a t 67-1 t nt p. 2 t r over c s esii ha nt d ke iins s o whos dbetr natd o ta f r t n t echoieswoul bef r r d t Huma Re our sa t Ber e houl e mi e r r nsered he hos c d o wa de o n s ce t he kly Gr f fna appr .SeeN ihol De a 48:- 7. oup or i l oval c s p. t 1 50: 6 *G ERC 6019. Rli and N i s s az chol poke on t t e he elphone,a s r nd he eques ed t t t N i sand t he epor s chol K entus i ot t conf t gzoundsf t t m i i . N ihol D ep.at44: 45: ed n der o um he or he er natons c s 8- 15. N i s s Rui anot r e- alt ti uded t l tpage oft yea t dat s esr tf chol ent z he m i ha ncl he as he i- o- e al epot ot N ove be 26 2 2.N i hol D e Ex. Fe r l a t ot r s l ss a fw e e t r i t o m t , 01 c s p. 3. r e l nd he he a e t f r e m na ed n D ecem ber2,2012.N i hol D ep.Ex.5. c s Soon af e hew asft Fer el fl a hum an r otr com pl ntwih Clve tt led, r l led es tces ai t e ngeral ' g legm li t r i ton wasi r t l i f hi fl t Augus hum a r s c sc pl i a as e m na i n e a i on or s i ng he at i t n e our e om ant nd Se e be EEO C c pl i . r elD e Ex. 5 a + pt m r om a nt Fe t l p. 1 t FERREIL 1 Fe r l fl d a he EEO C - 2. t el te not r . com pl i r gar ng hi t m i ant e di s er nadon s ty t eafer Fer el D ep.Ex.15 at*FERREI, 8.N eihe hor l her t . r l . L t r Btadl N i s,norK entw er a a t Fer el fl t D ecem berhum an r ucescom pl nt ey, chol e w re hat r l ted he esot ai o EEOC c mplit nt ti lkainb g n. n De a 5 :0 5 :; a lyDe . t1 79 t o an u i hs i to e a Ke t p. t 81 -93 Brde p a 3 :l t 1 12 N i hol D e a 1 1 - 0 7. r ela t m pt d t a y f a s l sposdon on t i hous 38: ; c s p. t 05: 1 1 6: Fe r l te e o ppl ot a e i he n- e lnei J l 201 FerlDe a 1 16 1 ;Clve e De a 6 2070: l Au tFetl i n uy 3. rel p. t 81: - 9 e ng r p. t 9: - 8. n gus, rel di scover he was notelgi c f t poston on t i hous lne becaus he had been desgnat ed i bl ot he ii he n- e i e i ed as <notf te e 'i hi em pl ï or hie' n s oyee fl Fer el D e at197: 198: Cl venge D e at70: 71: te. t l p. 21- 29 e t p. 23- 8. Clve tm a ke Fe r l' e pl m e fl asi lg bl f r hie a t rFe t l' t r i don. e nge r d t els m oy nt le ne i i e or e r fe r els e m na Clve e ngetD ep.at135: 23;Cl vengetD ep.Ex.8;Bt e D ep.at117: 2e adly 1-119: Clve 6. e ngerm at ked Fer el asnotei bl f r r becaus he rl lgi e ot ehie e had r ved about eghtH R com pl nt ofi i i i t ecei i ai s ntm daton, hreat ng eni be vi ,c ha or omme s Fetllwa not- youknow,Ferl wa not nt. rel s rel s ) f l ng t TO r es A nd al tls happe a i w as - 1m ean, olowi he ul . l li ned nd t yo know,oo ngbak,pe esy, ouknow,( zelwa j tknd u l ki c opl a y Fet l s us i l offeki pe eout Buti wa nott t l wa - Ferl wa ra ng opl . t s ha. t s rel s ) peopl w e t t fed.Peopl di t w a t com e t w or Peopl e re erii e dn' nt o o k. e weeawa worid a utwhee ( tel wa.And 1obst d t r l ys re bo r Fetll s eve he beha or m ys fi m eedngs wih M r.Fe rel I di notwantt e vi el n t t l. d o ver ha t dealwih t a n f peopl t wor t e and m ys f ve o t hat gai or e hat ked her el. So hew asputon t notf -ehie ls f t e behavi . he - otr r i t ot hos ors Id.at129: 239s alo Cl 9- ee s evenge D ep.Ex. Ex. Rti appr t 6, 23. zz oved Cl ngersdecii t m a k eve ' son o r Fer el asi i bl f r r I at268: 269: r l nelgi e or ehie. d. 8- 3. II. Pu s a tt Fe ea Rueo CiiPt c d r 5 () tec u tmu tf rnt u r jd me t ru n o d tl l f vl o e u e 6a,h o t s t a s mmay u g n g i t m ova s stm tt e i no genli diput ast a m at i f and t m ova i f he nt how l her s ane s e o ny eral act he m s e ldt j me a amatroflw. Fe R. v. 5 a;CeotxCo . Caz t, U. 317 ndte o udg nt s te a ' d. Ci P. 6() l e ' v. tet477 S. , 3 2(9 6; nnv. 2 1 8 ) Gl EDO Co .7 0F.d2 9 2 3(t Ci. 0 3 .W h nmad gti , 1 3 0 , 1 4h r2 1 ) e ln hs det m i i t courts d consderft pl ngs de i ,ans e t i er ogat i ,and et naton, he houl i the eadi , posdons w rs o nt r ores a si on fl,og he wih.. gny afda t'fldbyt pate .Ceotx, 7U. a 3 dmisons le t et t t .a l fi vis'le he ris l e 47 S. t 22. W het a f i m at raldepends on t r evants t her act s e i he el ubsanéve lw . A nde on v.Li t Lobby. a rs ber y l .4 7U.. 4 , 4 (9 6 .f l ds tso e fcsta mkh afc teo to of h st nc, 7 S 2 2 2 8 1 8 ) f y ipue v r a t h t t fe t h u c me t e tt on i unde t g r ng1w wi pr pel pr cudet e r ofs r he oveni a l o ry el he nty ummayj l r udgme .Fa ta diput nt cu l s es t ta eir lva orunne e s r wilnotbec e ' Jl (ia omitd.Themovi pat ha r ree nt c say l ount d. t ctdon te ) ' t ng ry - bear t i talbur ofdem onst s he nii den tadng t a ence ofa genli is ofm a era f . Ceot he bs lne s ue t i l act l ex, 477 U . at323. l t bt S. f hat uden hasbeen m et t non- ovi pa y m us t com e f war a , he m ng rt t hen or d nd esa iht s cfcmaeilfcsi diput t s vves tbls he pe ii tta at n s e o ur i ummayj gme .Mas hiaElc.ndus t ud nt tus t e I . Co. Ze t Ra oCo .47 U. 574 58 -8 (98 ) v. nih di , 5 S. , 6 7 1 6 , l det m i ng whet ra genli i s ofm at ralf texi s t cot vi w st f s a n er ni he lne s ue e i ac st, he ut e he act nd d a al e s n bl i ee c snt el tmo tfv tbet t en n mo igpat.Glnn 7 0 rws lrao a e nfrn e i h kh s a o a l o h o - vn ry y , 1 F.d a 2 3(iigBo s Levt 6 9F.d3 9 3 0(t Ci. 0 1) I d e ,fji a txo 3 t 1 ct n nd v. a iq 2 3 6 , 8 4h t 2 1 ). n e d ïi s n a im gt t ti r lngon amoton f s mmayj gme ,t e i eoft nonmo nti t bebeive ha n ui i or u r ud nt he vdenc he va s o le d, a alj dfa ei e e e a et bedrwn i g r fvor' M c rads l v.ii ry clr nd l us ibl nfr nc s t o a n he) a .' Aili . nc. I mbe l- a k ' Cor .No. -044, 4W L 28 4 a * (t Ci. u 2 2 4 (ntr latrdo omitd p. 132 201 71 92, t 1 4h tJ ne 5, 01 ) i ena lea n te ) (iigToa v. to 1 4SCt 1 6 , 8 3(0 4 (e c r ml.Mo e v r tcr dbly ct n ln Co tn, 3 . 8 1 1 6 2 1 ) p r ui ) to e,d le iit a g i 8 det m i er nadons t w ei ng oft evi , he ghi he dence,and t dr wi oflgii at i et he a ng e tm e nf encesfom t r he fcsaej yfnc ,nott eofaj .. . Andes 47 U. a 25 Howe rt nona t r ur u dons hos udge .' ' ton, 7 S. t 5. ve,he m ovi pary Km us s f h s ii f s t go beyond t t e exit ng t < t et ort pec lc act hat he m te s ence ofa s ntla of ci il e ie c .'Gln , 0F.da 2 3(u t gAn es n, 7 U.. t2 2 .l se d ten n mo ig vd n e' ' n 71 3 t 1 q oi n d ro 4 7 S a 5 ) n ta ,h o - vn pat mu ts o ta dheei s f ce te ie c fv r gteno jmo igp ryfrajt t ry s h w h tt r s u û in vd n e a oi h ng vn at o uy o t n r t t ave d c f t tpa t ' Re . nks r s Co . St Pa M e c l . , F. d 631 e un t i t or ha ty. s Ba ha e ' v. . ul r u ns Co. 407 3 , 6 ( hCi, 5 (uotngAndes 47 U. a 249.<1 ot rwor ,t grntsmmay 35 4t r200 ) q i ron, 7 S. t ) <n he ds o a u r j me t Cour mus deemi t tnoraona ejr c zdfnd f t nong vi pat udg nt he t t tt ne ha e s bl u y oll t or he jmo ng ry ont e de ebeor i. Mos v. r Co .985F. 73 738( . Ci.1 93 (i Pei he vi nc f e t' ' s Paks , 2d 6, 4t r 9 ) cdng rni h Co . . rn Co s.l c, 1 F.d 1 1 1 4(t Ci. 9 0) v Peii n t n .9 5 2 2 , 2 4h r 1 9 ). 1 11. Gta Eatr move f s e t sen s ot ummayj gme ont gr r ud nt wo ounds Fis, e tEatm ag s . rtGra se rue t tFe r l f ist e t bls a prm a f c et t l do ca m be a e t t i no e de e t tt ha r e l al o s a ih i a i e ai n l i c us he e s a vi nc ha he dec son m ake r ponsbl f hi t nadon kne oft pt ect acdviy att tm e oft r ii ts es i e or s ermi w he ot ed t he i hei al leged t alat y acdons.Second,G r East n ar et i or eat et gues t Fer el f l t e hat r l aied o xhaus hi t s a m i sr dve t m e e a t t a lge T c m e t de e shi c pe a i 'a t d nita e di s s o he le d t he s o pr s s om ns ton' nd he s desgnat ofFe r lasi i bl f rehie.I t aler i G t Eas er cli si had i bn r el nelgi e or r n he t natve, eat t n am t l tm at nondi c m i or a it ut bl re egii e, s ri nat s nd t ef a e asonsf t r i dng Fer el and desgnatng hi as ot e m na rl i i m i lgbl f thie Fetlmove f pada s neii e or e r. tel s or t l ummayj r udgme t thee a e i pr e td nt ha ng g d n otce actviy,he exhaust hi adm i s t i te edi ,t ew asa caus lnk bet it ed s nit atve m es her al i ween t ptot ed he ect actviy and Fe elst tm i i and G r East n di notha a lgii at r on f t tmi i it rr l' e naton, eat er d ve e tm e eas ot e natng Fe r l r el. The dec sonst t m i e Fer el and desgna e hi i i bl f t nr wet m ade by ii o er nat tl i t m nelgi e or elie e se rat i vi s K e and N i swer ê ponsbl f t t m i i decson,butClvenger pa e ndi dual. nt chol e es i e or he er naton ii e 9 wasres i e f desgnadng Fer l asfnotf t nr 'Theref e,t cour wilfr taddres ponsbl or i rel d ot elie.' or he t l ls s Fer el' t m i r ls er nadon a t addr shi i i biiy f r r nd hen es s nelgi lt or ehie. A. To es a ih aprm a f e case ofre aladon unde Til V I a pl ndf m us provet ee t bls i aci ti r te I, ni f t hr ee n s ï1 t tge e g g di ap o e tda d i ;2 t a gi e ly tt o a a v re lme t:< ) ha h l n a e n r tce c vt () h t hs mpo e o k n d es ( y l e o nta tona ans g mla ()t tt r wa ac usll bewe nt t e nt. mplyme ci g i t hi ; nd 3 ha hee s a a i t e hea ve s' nk vo ' E. O. v. E. C. Na Fed. e tUri 424F.d39 40506(t Ci. 05.ï otce a t iyunde Ctdi lon, 3 7, - 4h t 20 ) t e td ci t pr v r Til V 1 i d v de i o t c t gotes o te l s i i d nt wo a e i , pposton a pa dcpa ii nd r i don. La hl v.M e r ' u i ' n to W ahn tnAlp rsAu h, 4 F.d2 3 2 7(t Ci.9 8. esaat p o ie i pet e t r: s igo ' o t t .1 9 3 5 , 5 4h t1 9 ) Th tt e r vd sn ri n pat r z n l s l be a unl f em pl ent pr i f an e pl r t t hal n aw ul oym actce or m oye o di rm i e agai tany ofhi e pl sc i nat ns s m oyees...beca he has oppos use ed a pr ny acdce m ade an unl tl em pl ent pr i by t s awfz oym actce hi s ubchapt r ...or beca e he hasm ade a char t tfed,asssed,or e us ge, es ii it pa tcpat i any m anneri an iw esdgadon,ptoceedi orhearng r ii ed n n t np i unde t ss ha er. r hi ubc pt 42U. C.j2 e a.n s tfgj e oye ma notrtlaea i ta e o efr S. 000 -3()I hot,tan mpl r y eait gans n mplye o patcpa gi a o g igi ska o o p o e dn u e TieV1, o ma t ee ly rtk rii dn n n n on t t d n r r c e ig nd t t 1 n r y h mpo e a e we l adver em pl enta se oym cdon a ns a em pl gai t n oyee f opposng dictm i or pr i i t or i s i nat y actces n he wor plc 'La hln,1 F.da 25 Patcpai i l s:()ma i ac r ( t t EEOQ ; k a e. u i 49 3 t 9. rii ton ncude :1 kng hage wih he ' ()tsiyn ;3 assig o () tii aigi a yma ne i a i s g d n p o e dn , r 2 et ig () sit ; t 4 pat p t r n n r n n t d a o , r c e ig o f n c n l we hern u d rTieVl. I . ct g4 U.. j2 0 e 3a) t o io a t iye c mp se aig n e t I' d (ii 2 SC. 0 0 - ().f sé n ci t n o a ss l ' n opp v utl i i o m a gte nc pr d e a w elassa i i o m a pr e t a voi i ones t z ng nf r l i va e oce ut s s l t g ng nf t l ot s s nd c ng ' ' i o i o si o d tt bi gatn nt a e o e'csrmiao ya d ie . 1 .ct gAt to g pnin n r e o rn te do o n mply r l ci n tr c vd s' d (in msrn si ' i v.nde J na Co.6 F. 4 , (t Ci.981) I x our l , 47 2d 41 448 4h r1 ). The Supr e Cour oft U nied St esr em t he t at ecenty addr ed t caus ton s a l ess he a i t ndar f Ti d or de VI rtl t n camsi Unv. fTe . w. d Ce tt Na sr 1 3S Ct2 1 (0 3. eet 1 eai i li n i o x S Me . n e v. sa, 3 . . 5 7 2 1 )Th r he ao Coutthel t tf- teV l r alaton cbi srequie pr t t desr t ret i e wast but f d ha f l 1 et i i fi m r oof hat he ie o alat he - or 10 c u eo t ec aln e e ly nt cin. l . t2 2 (in Gt s v. Fi. evs. n .5 7 a s f h h l g d mpo me a t ' d a 5 8 ct g o s FBL n S t .l c, 5 e o ' i U. 1 7,1 (009.T ,n o de t prvalFerlmus putfrhf ooft tt lnlwf S. 6 76 2 )'husi r t o e i, rel t ot f pr ha he l a ul t alaton w oul nothave occtt ed i t abse oft ale w t ulacton ozacdonsoft et i i d z r n he nce he lged ongf i he em pl t.'I a 2533. oye ' d. t I a pl i ife t bls sa prm a f c e c e t he e pl rm a r buti by pr s ntng f a ntf s a ihe i a i as , f m oye y e t t ee i e de eofalgii t, rtlao ytaonf t a ves a ton. J o v. c ris& vi nc e tmae non-eaitr e s or he d re ci ' ohns n Me halc ' FamesBa NO. 1 ,30 F. x6 ,68 200 W L 1 077 a *8( h Ci. n. ,2 ) r r nk, 07-725 9 App' 75 4, 9 88 , t 4t rJa 23 009 (iigW il msv.Cebeonis l .871F. 45 457(t Ci.1 9)l t e oy ti a et ct n la i r r c.nc, 2d 2, 4h r 98 ). f he mpl e s bl o pres te dence ofisl tm a e,non- alat y r on,t burde s fsbac t t e pl t ent dvi t egii t ret i or eas he n hit k o he m oyee o s how t t em pl ' prof e ed t on i pr ext .'1d.To s hat he oyers f t eas s et ual' how pr e ,t em pl et xt he oyee m us t prove tf h t t r on was f s a t di tm i dbot hat he eas ale nd hat sc i nadon w ast rea r on f t chalenged he l eas ot he l c nd c.' l ndv W ahngo h me .n .4 7F.d2 8 2 8(t Ci. 0 7 (u t gBelv o u t'Hol . s i tn o s l c, 8 3 0 , 1 4h t2 0 ) q oi al . ' a n Abb t La s, 3 F3 6 4 6 9(t Ci. 9 7) o t b .1 0 d 1 , 1 4h t 1 9 ). I Eghtoft anal alf a ewor Fer el' cai f is t pt n hat ydc r m k, r ls l m al o oduce s fci prooft m eet ufi ent o t caus i s a r f a r ai or dichar cl m unde Til V I and f l t s he aton t nda d or et lat y s ge ai r te 1 ais o how li ls de i na bn a i l i e f t hie wa pr t xt l Fis , he de ii m a r r s i e f Fe r l s sg t s ne i bl or e t s e e ua . t t t g c son- ke s e ponsbl or r el ' t i i w er una a e ofFer el' prot ed actviy.Second,t e dence pr nt i t s c e e= naton e w r r ls ect it he vi ese ed n hi as s sG t East n desgnat Fer el asi lgi e f r 'e f al tm at non- s m i or how eat er i ed r l nei bl or eht or egii e, t dicri nat y t on,and Fe relf ist r eas r l a l o ebutt r on wih e dence ofpr ext hat eas t vi et . B. Becaus t decii m ake r ponsbl f t m i i Fet l wer una ar ofhi e he sonrs es i e ot er natng rel e w e s pt ect actviy,Fer el' r aladon cli ast hi t m i ot ed i t r ls et i am o s er nadon i wihoutm ert A n em pl m us s t i. oyer t be awar ofan em pl e oyee' pr ect actviybef i ca r alat a ns i.SeeBa i v.Pri i s ot ed i t ore t n et i e gni t t r nci , 43 F.d73 7 ( hCi. 06;Hoove te sv. l r, F. 259 27 ( hCi. ) 4 3 3, 48 4t r20 ) n-xwi Cadea 249 3d , 3 4t r2001; 11 Wiims 871F. 45 457( hCi. 89; msrng,6 F. a 4 .l t sc e , la , l 2d 2, 4t t 19 )Ar to 47 2d t 48 n hi ontxt <e pl ' m e t tdec son- ake ' behi t aleged r ai ory conduc .D ow e v.Tot rm oyer: ans he ' i i m r' nd he l et lat t al AcdonAgans Povet,1 F. 6 657( h Ci.1 ) I esnc ,i t frlva ofiil' s i t ry 45 3d 53, 4t r 998.n se e f he ïee nt fca'wa una ar oft prot ed actviy att tm e oft al w e he ect it he i he leged retlaton,t e can be no caus lnk ai i het al i bewe nt t e nt.S eUa 1,4 F. a 74 t e he wo ve s e 34 3d t 8. l Baqi,a pli fal n t andf leged hi e pl t m i ed hi i r aladon f cont i an s m oyet er nat m n et i or actng EEO C counseor a 61ng an adm i s t l nd i nit advecom phi .1 . t7 TheFouth Cic ta ft e t nt 2. 40. a t t ui ftm d he . dititc tsgrntngofs stc our' a i ummayj me f t dee ntf t raons Fis,mos oft r udg nt or he fnda ot wo e s . tt t he ale r alat y conductoccut ed ptort t pbi fscons t lged et i or t i o hat ndf uladon w ih t EEO C.Id.at748. t he Second,t e wasno e dence t t decii m aketwas a e oft adm i sr i com pl ntat het vi hat he sonwat he nitatve ai t tm e oft al g r a it y c he i he le ed etla or onduc i t tc s Ll I Ca e v. l , heFo t Cic t t n ha a e. Is n us . Bao t ur. t ui h . aft dacstc c ur' ga i ofs flme l tit o ts rntng ummayj i r udgme f t dee ntast t pli ifs nt or he fnda o he antf' r ai ory ha s entcli beca e t rewasno evi nce t t aleged har s kne oft et lat tas m am us he de hat he l as er w he pan f sEEOC c r e . us v. l , 6 F.d8 30 (t Ci. 9 8. lid p hag s Ca e Bao 1 2 3 0 -4 4h r 1 9 ) I Thom asv.Poter a pl ntf fl a r ai ory di ha ge cli and t courtgt ed n t , ai if led et lat sc r anx he ant s ummayj r udgme ftt dee ntThoma v. tr No.10 v377 2 WL 28 62 a * nt o he fnda . s Pote, :6c , 006 50 3, t 4 ( D. .Oc. 200 ) Tledee nti Thoma flda dafda tde i a kno e geof E. Va t3, 6 . a fnda n s le n <fi vi nyng ny wld g nndf'lprorEEO a dviy'a t tmeoft alge rtl tr c pli fs i c t' t he i he le d eai o y onduc a t pli f a q nd he andf pr ded no evi ovi dence t contaditt def nda ' afi t 1 Thatpbi ipsçm e as er i o t c he e nts fdavi. d. ntf < re s ton, wiho mor t tg e a jdi ha s hk wld 'di notcet a is ofmaeilfc.d. t ut e,ha defnd nt d ve uc no e ge' d rae n sue tra a t1 O t cicti cour sofappeal agreei i f m ent t t dec son- a m us be a a her r tt t s t s unda al hat he ii m ker t w re oft prordicrm i he i s i nadon com pl i f t e t be a ptm a f i r alaton cai . l Lucli v. ant or het o i ace et i i l m n te Ameie hCom.389F.d708(t Ci.2 )apli iffldaTil VI rtlai cam a i t rtc , 3 7. r 004, antf le h te 1 eaiton li gans he e oye, ndt dititc ztga e s r mpl t a he src olr tntd ummayj me f t e oy r I a 711 l t t r udg nt or he mpl e. d. t . n ha 12 c s ,hepli ffldarca dici na c mpli wiht c nfsEEO rpzs ntdve 1 a e t nndf le ail stmi don o ant t he ompa e e e a . d. at712.The EEO r ese atve t i s di notci us t pl ndf di rm i i compli epr nt i esthed he d lsc s he ai fs sc i naton ant wi. t dec son- aker t decii m akercli e t haveno know l t he ii m h , he sonam d o edge oft dicùm i i he s naton c m pli ,t def nda c or don' po i y wa t ke p dic i i don c m sc i nta , nd o ant he e nt om a s lc s o e s rm na bi onfdc i l a pbi ifpt ntf oduced no e dence t ref e t EEO re ent i st tm ony ort decii m a ' vi o ut he pres atve' esi he son kets tsi .-za 715 seas Grz l v. a lr He lhNewok.l .1 F.d261 26 ( . Ci. etmony Jl t ; e lo ize Trvees at t r nc, 4 3 , 7 5t r t h 1 4)( antf pr e noe de eot re o e br htdici nai c ant t 99 pli if oduc d vi nc he mplye s oug srmi ton ompli s o pl ndf' s i satendon l vi onl dm pet isbl s ul ai fs uperor' t ea ng y d i m s i e pec adon' t tt m i i w ascaus l ' ha er naton aly c n e tdt c mp n s ; l v. S Po tl e dc , 2 F.d 5 5 5 8(t Ci. 9 3 (bitf' o n ce o o bit. Tal U.. sa S r e 7 0 2 0 , 0 8h r 1 8 ) p nifs ) e te ala or dichat c m l d m e i w her undiput d t tm ony s ed dec son m ake had no t it y s ge bi acke rt e s e es i how ii t kno e ofpbi fsK itTil VI ac vi s' wldge ndf? f o te I d ée .) pt ' l t sc s, raona ejr c dc l t tt de ii ma t ts i ef n hi ae no e s bl u or oul oncude ha he cson- kes eponsbl or Fe r lst na w er awar ofFe relspt ect acdviy.K e and N i sbot t dfed t r el' ermi don e e r l' ot ed t nt chol h es i hat t w e e unawat ofbot t i er hum an r ot hey r e h he nt nal es uces com pli aboutFer el' dem odon and t ant r ls he cor es r pondi EEO C cha K entD e at46: 19,57: 58: N i sD ep.at103: 104: ng rge. p. 1412- 9; chol 22- 4, 104: 20. Addii ly,e ass i Bradl pl 11tonal ven um ng ey ayed any r e i t actmldecii t t t i e ol n he t son o e m nat Fe rel- a nodon com pl el uns r l et y uppoted by t r d- s w asnotawar oft EEO C t he ecor he e he com pl ntand onl knew t Fer el had fl a hum an r our com pli t ci hi de odon. ai y hat t l led es ces ant egazlng s m H owever s had no knowl , he edge oft s cii ofhi com pl nt Br ey D e at43: 19,44: 13, he pe fcs s ai , adl p. 11270: 11,137: 8.Tli t tm ony faty t ut Fe relsale i t t decii m a sw e e 53- ls esi l l ef es r l' l gaton hat he son- ker r a r ofFerl' EEOC c ref l e t n Ocobe 7, 2.' . Me S S wae rels hag t atr ha t r 201 'P1s m. upp. umm..Dkt no ' J, . N o 81,at*26. Fet lptes sa ol ey no e dence t c e agenli is ofm a era f on tlsi ue. tel ent bs ut l vi o teat ane s ue t i l act li ss D ef ns counse spec fcaly as Fer el i hi deposdon: e e l ii l ked r l n s i 13 Q: How do y k w Re c aBrdlykne yo fldac r ou no be c a e w u le hage wih t EEO C? t he I don' know t s di ot t t f t s had m y t hat he d, her han he act hat he pet sonnelfl athom e.1' s e s - I as um ed,m a wtongf l te m ur he s ybe uly, t s w asprvy t al c hat he i o l onver atonsM z Cl s i . evengerand Ihad. W ho elew aspi ed beca e you fl a chat s ss us led ge? A: W eli iwa publckno e e t nIwo di gneg nt l,f t s i wldg ,he ul ma i l j ve a ( c ljweea wel nd Nihos r s l. Q: ldon'wa y t i g'e.Iwa t know wha c t nt ou o ma m nt o t omme s nt t you hear t r l hat d hat efect Aspr vi l sat 1over d no s h com m ent e ousy t ed, hear uc s. Fe r l D e a 1 2: 2 l e Fe r l i pr ty z l s on m e e s c a i a a s pto t r e l p. t 7 4- 4. nde d, r el m ope l e i e r pe ul ton nd s um i ns o concude K enta N i swer a at oft Sept berEEO C com pl nt A ddii l i was l nd chol e w e he em ai . tonaly, t Gra Eatr spoiyno t dv keif r do a ut u nrs u c sc mpan so EEOC et sen' l t o iu n o ma n bo h ma e o t e o lit r c com pl nt t anyone out i t hum a r out depar m ent N i s D ep.at103: 104: ai s o sde he n es ces t . chol 22- 4, 1 2- Clve rDe a 1 16 1 ;Rli Af DktNo.792, t! 7-. 06: 7; e nge p. t 71: - 9 lm f, . - a ! 8 Rel ng on t Fotrh Ci ui' dec son il1 1 v.Rum sf l Fe rel at yi he tt rc ts ii t * ed, r l gues t t hat he t por pr m iy and cont ofFer el' t m i i a enough t es a i a cai f em al oxi t ext r ls er naton re o t blsh l m or r ai et ladon i t scase.Bec n hi ausehi t m i don occut altl ove t m ont afetflng hi s er na red ite r wo hs t ii s EEO C com pl nt Fer el a guest sl h oftm e i s hcentt esabls a ca lconnecton. ai , r l t hi engt i s uf i o t ih usa i Pl'Me Supp. umm. , . 8 a * Thefcsi I ng, ve, r ditnguiha c . m. s S j.DktNo. 1, t 25. at n vi howe rae si s bl fom t e her l I ng,one oft pli ifss rds receved nodce oft pl ndf ' Equal r hos e. n vi he antf' upe ors i he ai fs Emplyme Opporuniyc anta i thi 1 o nt t t ompli gans m.0 v. Rumsed,3 F. 1 1 ( h Ci. fl 28 3d 45, 48 4t r 2003. tmporlpr i t oft pli fstr nai pr vi d<as fce i ee eof )The e a oxmiy he anùf' emi ton o de < ufiintnftnc caus aùon t s y t ptm a f i te r ent'becaus t s o adsf he ' ac e quiem ' i e he uperv s had notce oft com pl nt i or i he ai i t c e. l at151,151 n. The dec son- aker he how e ,had no notce oft com phi n hat as d. 5. ii m s re, ver i he nt 14 att tm e oft ale r alat y acton.The ote,t t pot lproxi iyal cannotpr de he i he lged et i or i tef he em a m t one ovi as fce i ee eofc ustonhee Se Stl v. ae r ,5 Fe App' 15 1 (t Ci. ufiintnfrnc a ai r . e ae Gtznbe 75 d. x 3, 56 4h r 2 1 )(n u l h dpe c t m o i o )(iigHe n e v. l w Ttns . n .6 0F.d6 4 0 4 u p bi e r ui pnin ct s a n ma d z Yel a p.I c, 7 3 4 , o 6 0(t Ci. 0 2,et d nid 1 3SCt 1 6 (0 2) 6 5h r 2 1 )cr. e e , 3 . . 3 2 1 ). Futt m ote,whie notdiposdve oft i s t f t GreatEas et di nott r i e her l s i he s ue, he act hat tn d e m nat Fer el dutng t O c ober2012 r r l i he t educdon ofst fi com peli t thi t rm i i wasnoti af s lng ha s e naton n t pons t hi Sept bet2012 EE O C com pl nt Rat ,t recor s es eo s em ai . het he d uppor sG r East n' t eat et s pt f ed r on f t m i i Fet el:hi fpootpr ofer eas or er natng t l s f oducdon' dect i hi ' PG .Foti t ' easng s V nsance, a c ci t t Au t4, 2yett dae(< 'VPG slsrpo tf tl fontl slssaf c otlng o he gus 201 a-o- t < YTD' ) ae e r or le r -i ae tf, ne Fer el' V PG was1931. Br e D ep.Ex.13 at*G ERC 1550- A ccorlng t t Augus 26, r ls 77. adly 51. ti o he t 2012,Y T' V' G r t Fer el' V PG dr D P epot , t ls opped t 1804. Br e D e Ex.17 at*G ERC 1485o 00. adly p. 86. Oc o r7, 2, rel YTD VPG wa 1 77. JL a * On t be 201 Fe t ls ' s 7 66.. t GERC 1 - .On Nove r3, 1 . 497 98 mbe 201 hi X TD VPG wa 1 4. 4. a e D e Ex.7 a * ERC 151 - 4. N o m ber26, 2, 2, s ' s 73 8 Br dly p. tG 3 1 By ve 201 t da K entand N i sdeci t t rm i e Fer l hi YTD V PG had dr he y chol ded o e nat rel, s opped t 1682, o 71. N i hol D e Ex. a * ERC 1 21 22. n f c , he v c pr i ntofm a ke i r quese t K e c s p. 4 t G 4 - I a t t i e esde r tng e t d hat nt and N i sreduce t fontlne saessaf t ff y-i re es advesi O ct r 201 N i s chol he r -i l t f o t fve pr ent n obe 2. chol D ep.Ex.1 at*G ERC 6023.To accountf s af vacatonsand t expect i eas i t im due or t f i hc ed nct e n outs t t f lf i s on,how e ,K entand N i sdeci t i tal cutdown t sxt fvei o he al olage eas ver chol ded o niily o i y-i n O ct t t m ake anot s af cutt eaf e N i sD e at31: 32: 3 obe hen her t f her t t. chol p. 15- 24. Consdetng t evi i i he dence i t lghtm ostf vor e t Fe r l hi r aladon cli ast hi n he i a abl o r el, s et i am o s t mi er nadon i wihoutm ert Ther i no diput t t reevantofk il ,K entand N i s w e s t i. es s e hat he l f as chol, re unawaz ofFer el' pt ect acdviyw hen t y decded t fr bi .The oze,Fe e lfist s e ê ls ot ed t he i o te m ref zz l a l o how 3N ot bl ,i K e a Ni hol ha c t f o -i s l ss a fdo t ffy lvei O c obe , r elwoul ha be n a y f nt nd c s d ut he r ntlne ae t f wn o it -i n t r Fe r l d ve e c bas d o li Y ID A PG on o c obe 7,2 ut e n ls ' J t r 012. eK e D e Ex. a * ERC 609 Se nt p. 2 t G 3. 15 a s f i ntc us ll t m a e o aprm a f ce c s ofr t la unde Til V l f hi ufk e a a i o k ut i a i a e e a i don nk t te 1 or s t mi er nadon. C. Cl evenge was a a t Fet el fl a com pl ntwih t EEO C,and he m ade t t w re hat t l led ai t he he det m i er nadon t desgnat Fe r lasi i bl f r r Cl o i e r el nelgi e or ehie. evengetD e at34: 35: 135: 23. p. 11- 4, 2- 4 The ef e,t rei a s hci ca alconnecdon be> een li fnotf te r 'dcsgnadon and li t ot he s uf ent us as d ot hie' i as pr ect actviy.Thus,G re Eas e n bea t burde ofs i a l tm at non- alat y ot ed i t at t r rs he n how ng egii e, ret i or motvef dei tngFerla i l i ef rhie. eJohns 3 F. xa 68 20 W L i ot sgnai tel s nei bl or e z Se g on 09 App' t 4, 09 188077,at+8.lfGrea Eas e n m eet isbur t tr st den,Fer lm a over ei wih evi nce t Grea êel y com t t de hat t Eas et s decii w aspr ext . 1 t n' son et ual d. Clve rplc Fe r l on t <notf t hie ' itbe a e ofnum e ousc pbi she e nge a ed r e l he f or e r ' ls c us r om nt r c i d f o c w ot r a e eve r m o- ke s boutFe r l' be vi . e ng rD e a 1 9- 3. tli e e pl e s r e l ha ot Cl ve e p. t 29: 2 M ttpl m oy e s com pl ned ofFet el' t eat ng,i i i tng orot v ie i ai r ls hr eni ntm da i het s nappr i e beha ori t oprat vi n he wor ace.ClvengerD ep,Ex.23. tl one s esr es atve and oneTO m anage kpl e A east al epr ent i t com pl i t Cl aned o evenge t Fer el' beha orcaus fontlne s es t s f .Cl r hat r ls vi ed r -i al o ufer evengetD ep.Ex. 23 at*G ERC 1581,*G ERC 1590.Cl venge re t t e com pl nt t Rli Rui A f .D kt N o. e r pored hes ai s o zz. z f, . 79- at 9;Clve e Af.DktNo. 4, t! 1 Clve rDe a 22 1 2232 Bot 2, ! e ng r f, . 79- a 2; e nge p. t 2:8- :2. h Clvengetand Rui agree Fer el' beha otwasan adequat r e z d r ls vi e eason t desgnat hi asi i bl o i e m nelgi e f rhiebytz c ny. l Af DktNo.7 2,a !1 Clve e Af.DktNo.794,a !1 or e r le ompa Rti f, . z 9- t 0; e ng r f, . - t 3; Clve e ngerD ep.at34: 35: 268: 269: Thatpt f ted reas i cl l notdicrm i or on is 22- 4, 8- 3. of e on s eaty s i nat y t f and i i nott pr nce oft cout ft dec de whet t r on waswie,f i ,oteven ace, ts he ovi he t fo i her he eas s at 4Bohp rismo e frs mmayjd me a t wh te F rel x a tdhia mi srtv rme isbeo e t at e v d o u r u g nt s o eh r erle h use s d nitaie e de fr b ign teieiil frrhieap c o hsrtl to cam. cu ete(i lrte b t e Ferl') rn ig h n l be o e r s e t f i eai in li Be a s h d mi iis ewe n rels g a s a a miitaiea dj dca nartv sma ectrta g etEatr )wa afre a l n tc o tealg to d nsrtv n u iil raie k la h t Gra sen s fod d mpe oie fh l ains e a i ti 'hecou twiladd es t i i bl f r r de son o t meis SeeSvdnorv.Fara Cnt .Va. gans t't r l r s he nelgi e or ehie cii n he rt. ifx v. , 6 1F.d 5 , 9 ( t Ci. 01 ) 8 3 91 5 5 4h r 2 2 . 16 c r c,uli tl s l a iwa t l t raon ftt pli ifstr na n. Deanet v. ore t tmaey,o ong s t s nl he e s o he antf' emi do ' lr te y ' Coni I ,1 F.d293 29 ( h Ci.1 ) r ng nc. 33 3 , 9 4t r 998. I or t s n der o how G r Eas er sdecii waspr extml Fe relm usts eat t n' son et t , r l how t Grea hat t Eas e n' reas wasbot ff l and t di rm i t r s on h fase hat sc i naùon w ast re r on f t chalenged he al eas or he l conduct' H oland,487 F. at218.H oweve Fer eldoesnotdiectt cour t any fpr i .' l 3d t, r l r he to f obatve e de e ofdi c i i t y a m us' n s vi nc s rm na or ni ' i uppor ofhi pt t xta gu e .Cu l v. m sa LLC, t s e e t m nt es A n 28 Fe App' 20 21 (t Ci. 008.Ferlasrst t e oy ec ant weefle 2 d. x 5, 0 4h r 2 ) rel set hathe mpl e ompli s r as, pr i sone de l r don t s ov de ca a o uppor t tc am a r le on t f c t thi c nge ofe pl m e t ha li nd ei s he a t ha s ha m oy nt f m bear no i ca i t he wasi i i i co- orker ordir i t wor ace.Fer el' or s ndi ton hat ntm datng w s s uptng he kpl r ls pr exta gum enti entt y s ul i and nots et t s iel pec atve uppot ed by e dence. t vi Fis ,t sat ent i t declr i a notcor obozat by anyt ng i t r d. r t he t em s n he a aton re r ed hi n he ecor NioeJ n s(J n s' af me Gra Eatm e ly e d cae Brde ma ed r g t r c l o e < o e', or r e t se mpo e , e lr s a ly d eo ao y < ) c mme t a u Fetla f re J n st ma eflesae n sa u Ferl De . fNioe o n s bo t tel nd o c d o e o k as ttme t bo t rel c o c l . J s Dk. 1 - a !!7 1 Jone as sae t tClve ge ake he la i q s t t one, tNo. 029, t - 3. s lo ttd ha e n r s d r e dng uedons ha r l ed ne efect gadvel on Fe rel a t s di notwtt al t e com pbi ng a y r l, nd hat he d ie e t t ni boutFe relt t t l ha pupotdt bewtte b J n s 1 a ! 1 - 0 3 - 5 Ex A. o e t l ve'h rc - r esJ n t re o i n y o e .d. t ! 43 , 4 3 , . J n s ï i s' e owo k r, e t be e Src e rftike' a W a Pac l(f rePlweeas f ce t ma flesae nt a tiklr src lr' nd nda reld c 1' t lo or d o ke as ttme s bout l pa Fet el.LIa ! 1 30. r l C t ! 4, . . . Durnghe de ii Brdlyr s i r poston, a e eponde t quetonsa he i ea i wihJ atr d o si bout r ntrcton t ones fe Fer el' dem oton.Bradl s fcaly t i r ls i ey pecii l esdfed: W ho ele di you t k t s d al o? NiolJone . ce s W ha ci youtlMsJ st do? tld el . one o 17 I t d he i s f tuncom f t e,s nee t go t k t ol t f he el or abl he ded o al o D avi Cl d evenger. Di yo ha MsJ swrt s sufdownf y d u ve .one ie ome tf or ou? A: N o. Y ou di thave herwrt anyt ng aboutM r.Fe reloutf dn' ie hi r l ot you? ( e ng l di t twihhe. ddn'. Clve ej d ha t r I i t Q: A: Alr t Di y u tl t Mr Clv n e a o tte ep o l 1 kh . d o ak o . e e g t b u h s e pe com i t s hi bef e t wenta s w hi ? ng o ee m ot hey nd a m Iwe bak a t d t m - orhi t tNik J swo d nt c nd ol he m ha c i one ul lke t tl t hi ,and hew oul sa <oka ' i o ak o m d y t y.' Q: AI rg .And y dd notha NikiJone wrt a yt ng I iht ou i ve c s ie n hi dow n f you? or A: N o. Br e D ep.at125: 128: adly 24- 13. I adcii bot St i kerand Par lwer depos i t sm aterand t rt tm ony cl ry n lton, h rcll cel e ed n hi t hei es i ea l s howst t s de lrdonsa t t m aebae onnot ngbuts c a Pac lsae ha lone' caa s o he r sd hi peuldon. r el ttd Kgerl wa satngt ma mefe veyunc mfra ea wot a Iwa e hi t la me il rel s tri o ke e l r o o tbl t k, nd ntd m o eve I j a one atwor Thatswhe Iilda ed t com pl ntap i Ai wih al t ques np ' Pa l l k. ' n ti t he ai nst m t l he doni ' rcel D ep.at51: 7.Pa el elbor ed 5- rc l a at hewa c s ondnuousyquetoni mea l si ng boutmrdly,a a el boutMori tn, aboutnum ber ,a s boutt sper aboutt per on,and I di tlke hi son, hat s dn' i hi quesi ng m e alt tm e.So las hi ve ni y bef e 1 m toni l he i ked m ry cel or fld t c pl i t pl a e sop a ki m e que do a w or 1 ha le he om a nt o e s t s ng s ns t k. d he m adem ever uncom f t e. y ot abl - I at52: 18.Par ls d. 12cel poke t Br ey aboutherconcer r rdi Fe rel o adl ns ega ng r l: D i you ha a conve saton w ih M s. Bt e about M r. d ve r i t adly Fer el? r l Yes . 18 mrdly c met mea t d met s oneha cgj a e) a o nd ol hat ome d ome t her out of concer and was St ve Fer el bot i m e. o n e r l hetng And I t d mrdly t t g rel wa ma ng me fe ol a ej ha Ferlj s ki el uncom f abl and i was st tng t geta ltl out ofhand. ort e, t ari o ite And mrdel si W el huma rs c s i hee l y a ly ad, l, n eoure s t. f ou need m e,i you need anybody, e'e he f you. f w r re or . . . gj we on f a lt nt ot bouta he we k beor 1we t not t e f e nt o Clve . e nger 1 at66: 25.Par lm etwih Cl d. 10cel t evengeri eary Sept berand 't d %i aboutwhatSt n l em fol m eve Ferlwa doi a ho - It d ( e ngel lsi l' gedngt t poi whee1don'wa t rel s ng nd w ol Clve r, ad, ts t o he nt r t nt o even com e t wot i t m or ng because 1don' w antt dealwih t negatviy.'l at68: 22. o k n he ni t o t he i t ' d. 18- Pa c l fl d a f m a , it n c pl i a r e l le or l wrte om a nt boutFe r l wih Cl ve ge a wr e t c pl i r el t e n r nd ot he om a nt out i ofCl venge spres sde e r' ence.I at72: 24 Par lalo sgned a declradon i t scas diecty d. 5cel s i a n hi e r l t utnglone ' le donst tPac lflc re i oma ngflesae nt a utFerl.Se ef i s alga ha tel et oec d nt ki as ttme s bo rel e D kt N o.110-1. . 5 St ikl t dfed durng herdeposton a rc et es i i ii boutan i dentiw ol ng Fer el t ca ed hert nci t vi r l hat us o brea down i t s Sti derD ep.at17: 20- Sti erw e t t k t Cl venge and t d hi k n ear . rcl 19- 25. tckl nt o al o e r ol m T a r Fer lsa tons ma mefe a how unc ora eima mefe. .(1 wa f how ng y rel ci l de e l nd ' omf tbl t de e l. .It s mot l i wasa t va I wa - i wasi i da a a grva i a i ma mema 'Ll ei t ke gg a dng. t s t ntmi dng nd g a tng, nd t de d. ts ' at23: 24: W hie Stic ersm em ory oft event i 2012 w asl clart Pa l' s di 22- 2. l z kl ' he sn ess e han tcels he d r em betgi ng Clvengera s at ent a af e recevi a copy ofa wrte s a em ent she em vi e t em , nd, t r i ng it n t t , r em be wrtng t sat entaboutFer el asw el.I at46: 21,Ex.1. em red ii he t em rl l d. 11- J s de lrdoni nots re bya e de ei t sc s , ndhe s c ai doe not one ' caa s uppo td ny vi nc n hi a e a r peulton s es abls agenli is ofm at i f ast t m otve f Fer el' desgnaton asi i bl f t ih 'ne s ue eral act o he i or t ls i i nelgi e or zhie Furhemor, hi i Jone ' cautonce tsa is offc t ta la tStiklr e r. t r e not ng n s de lz i zae n sue a tha te s rc e, 5cl nge s it anafi tr utngJ 'de aa i a w el See Cl nge Af . Dkt No.ll eve r ubm ted fdavi ef i ones clrton s l. evi r f, . 6. 19 Par l and se t ot t em pl cel, ve al he oyees f tuncom f abl i Fer l' pr nce a com pbi about el ort e n tels ese nd ned hi be vor Theeor ,one'delrton sa ngonisown doe notce t atibl queton f s ha i . r f eJ s caai tndi t s rae ta e si ot t j yt tGra Ease spr frdra o wa fle he ur ha e t tm' ofee e s n s as. Fer el ar t l guest li change ofem pl entf m doesnotm enton a hi about hat ls oym oz i nyt ng t eat ng ori i i i behavi Thatat enta s f is t es abls an is ast pr e . hr eni ntm datng or. gum l o al o t i h s ue o et xt Cl evengerand Br ey bot t dfed a adl h es i boutt change ofem pl entf m .Br ey m at t he oym ot adl ked he box l ed <TERM ED ' t i cat Fer el' t m i abel K ' o ndi e r ls et nadon,and i t fl on f Change' se i n he dkeas or ' cton, Bt e wrot tatwil' Br e D ep.a 108: 109: Ex.19.Br e di notwtt fpoor adly e f l.' adly t 19- 8, adly d ie f pr oducdon' orcheck t box desgnatng Fez el asi lgi e f t r 1 at117: 119: ' he i i r l nei bl or ehie. d. 1- 6. Cl evengetcl ii Br e st tm ony.Ea l i hi deposdon,Clve atfed adl y' es i ty n s i e ngetans e ed afim advey w r fr l t Fe r lschange ofem pl entf m ts t tM r Fet el w ast m i t notelgi e f hat r el' oym or tays ha . t l et na ed, i bl or rhie becus ofa wi,poorpt to .'Clve rDe a 39:3 1 Lae on,Clve e ga e r, a e t l l oducing ' e nge p. t 1 - 7. tr q e ng t ve m ot s ii aboutt f m .Clve e pec fcs he ot e ngerexpl ned t tt t et ai ha he ef ence t Tpootpr oK oducton' on t i ' he f t ha not ngt dowih Fe t lbeng ma ke i lgbl f r hie J a 1 6- Ac or ng t o m d hi o t rel i r d neii e or e r .. t 31: 9. c di o Z Cl evenge he desgnat Fet el asKnotf re r 'becaus he t, i ed t l f or hie' e t ved about eght H R com pl nt of i i i don, O eat ng ecei i ai s nfm da eni be vo ,c ha ir omme s ... rel wa notflowi t TO rls ... nt. Ferl s l ol ng he ue. ( rel wasj tki offe kng pe pl out ...M e e wee Ferl ) us nd ra i o e . opl r t rfed.Peopl di tw ant t com e t wot Peopl wer al er ii e dn' o o k. e e ways worid a re boutwhee Ierl wa.And 1 obsr d t be vi r l rel s R j eve he ha or m yse fi m eetngs wih M r Fer l 1 di notw a t e ha t l n i t . rel. d nt o ver ve o dealw ih t apan f peopl t w or t e and m ysel.So he t hat i or e hat ked het f wasputon t not or r t ls f t e behavi . he -f - ehie i t ot hos ors 1 a 1 9- Clve r e pl i d f r he : d. t 29: 23. e nge x a ne u t r M y ques don i ,i t ' t cas why di t you r et s f hats he e, dn' ef ence t er hos easonsi t A dcii n he ltonalCom m ent on t f m ? s hat or 1 di tt nk i w asneces a dn' hi t s ry. W hy woul you nott nk t w asnecess y? d hi hat ar 20 Iha a-welldon'k w wha 1t hta t tme 1j t d l, t no t houg t he i ; us kne i w as t neces ry becaus w hat happened happened. w t n' sa e Re rdl sofwhet t 1w r ei on t s f m ,i happened. ga es he ot t hi or t . . . An s c ss1ha i on t f m;tc t t ras ome ae ve t he or i oves he e on why t w e t m i ed and t re on w hy t wer put hey re er nat he as hey e not f r r A l of tm es t e r ons a t s e.I or ehie. ot i hos eas re he am n t scas i was not hi e t . l at131: 133: Fer l' cli t Br ey m ade t decii t m ar li asi i bl f d. 10- 5. rels am hat adl he son o k nm nelgi e ot rhie Pl'M e S Summ. ,DktNo. ,a * 0, asnoe d ndaysppo ti l of e r, . m. upp. s J. . 81 t 4 be r vie r u t n i ght Cl evenge spl n,r r' ai epeat st e ent t he m ade t decson t desgnat Fer el as dnotf ed at m s hat he ii o i e r l ' or tlie' Se L-a 1 2- 1 : -37: I l ofClve rstsi ,notaona ejuor enr. e d. t 35: 23, 36131 3. n i ' ght e nge' etmony e s bl t coul concl t G r Eas er spr f ed r on was f se sm pl becaus Fe rel' em pl e d ude hat eat t n' ofer eas al i y e r ls oym nt f ml or acksa r on f hi desgnat asi i bl f r ar eas or s i bn nelgi e or elie. Fi ly,sm pl becaus GreatEas e di nott ke any i m edi e ci i i y acdon arai t nal i y e tm d a m at lscplnar ns Fer el wih regar t t em pl tl t d o he oyee com pli sdoesnotm ake t com pl nt orG r Eas er s ant hc ai s eat t n' r eason f m ar ng Fer el i i bl f te t f s l i nott cour' r e t actas affupe or ki t l nelgi e or hie ale. t s he ts ol o fs rpe sonneldepatm e wei ng t prude ofe pl entdec sonsm ade by ft schar wih r t nt ghi he nce m oym ii tm ged t e o me dici naton.'Cu ls 28 Fe App' a 21 ( i Dea te 1 F. a 2 ) mply nt s rmi i ' ' e , 2 d. x t 0 quotng l met, 33 3d t 99. Fer el r i r ps elance on G t Eas et sf iut t ci i i hi doesnotc eat an i s off ast t eat t n' al e o lscplne m t e s ue act o he valdiy ofist it t eason f quas ng Fer el' ei bliy t bere r or hi r ls lgi ' t o l hied. l t rtl donc e tii t K r e n he eai a ontx,ts he f cpéonoft de ii -ma rwhihi tlva not pe he csonl ke c s ee nt j t sl-sesme oft pli f'a noraona ej o c zdc l t tGra Eatr s he efas s nt he andf, nd e s bl ur t ol oncude ha et sen' ' l < t fee e pa aini u wo tyo ce e c . Holnd 4 7F.da 21 ( en l uoa o d o frd x ln to s n rh f rd n e' l , 8 3 t 8 i r a q td ns p ' a nt omitd . r i nois ofmaeilfc t tClve ta Rti a re t deinaeFerla te )Thee s sue tra a t ha e nge nd tz ge d o sg t tel s i lgi e f t r f a lgii at non- ai oryreas nei bl ot ehie or e tm e, tetlat on- t dir he s updon li pres ls ence caus i ed n t w orkpl See ClvengerD ep.at268: 269: Fe relf ist putf h evi he ace. e 8- 3. r l al o ort dence t G r hat eat 21 Eas er sr on wasbot f seand di i i don w ast t t t n7 eas . al h scrm na he eal eason f isacton.N o t onabl or t i eas e j orc dc l t tGr a Eatm' pr fr draon f lsi Ferla fnotf rhie' s ur oul oncude ha e t se s ofee e s or itng rel s i or e r'wa p ee t a. usFerlsrtl d nc m rg r ighsd sg d na iekil frrh r fi . ttxa lTh , tel eai o bi e adn i eina o s n l be o e ie al z ' a s I . V I s ,Fet el f ist m ake outa ptm a f e cas oft aladon f hi t r i n um t l al o i aci e et i or s e m nadon f om r G t Easer becaus t dec son- aket r eat t n e he ii m s esponsbl f li t m i i had no knowl i e or ls er naton edge ofli ls hum an r ucesorEEO C com pl nt .A ddi ly,Fe t lf is t s esot ai s donal t el al o how t G r Eas er s hat eat t n' t on f desgnatng hi asil i bl f te rewaspret ual Beca e t i no gen'i is eas or i i m telgi e or hi ext . us here s xne s ue ofmaeilfc a t et roft s is s Gra Ea tm i e ildt j tra a t s o ihe he e sue, e t se s ntte o udgme a amattoflw. nt s te a An approptat O r wilbe ent t sda i e der t ered hi y. The Cl k i di ect t s a c oft sM em or et s r ed o end opy hi andum Opi on t al couns ofrecozd. ni o l el Ent t N ovem be 12,2014 e ed: r / . - 2m r . Mi chaelF.Ur ns ba ki Unie SttsDitit udg td ae src l e 22 . '
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