-JGW Hegedus et al v. Ross et al, No. 5:2011cv00018 - Document 37 (W.D. Va. 2011)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 7/21/11. (kld)

Download PDF

FÃ¨ &' **2% OFFI U.S. ST. R CE DI COURT .x J AT ' soNbuRq VA . F1Vn l I TH E UNITED STATES DISTRICT CO U RT N FO R TH E W ESTERN DISTRICT O F VIRG INI A H A RRISO NBUR G D I I N V SIO 2 2 1 21 JUL C. , JA M ES A .H EGEDU S and VIRG I I E.H EG EDU S N A Pl ntf s ai if , Ci lActon No.5: vi i 11cv00018 V. RO BER T L.RO SS, O NEI SAN DR A RO SS, and DA CARL A.SPA NG LER D ef endant s. By: M i chaelF.U rbanski Unied St esD it ctJudge t at s ri M EM O M N DUM O PI I N N O Pl ntf J esA .and V igi a E.H egedus,V igi a r i spr ai ifs am r ni r ni esdent oceedi pr K ,s ng o ued t ee Del e r dent Car A .Spangl ,Robel L.Ros and Onei SandraRoss f f aud, hr awar esi s, l er ' t s da , or r m i epr ent i and ot t t ar sng outoft pur e ofa hom e i Li n,Del a e. sr es aton her ors i i he chas n ncol aw r Pl ntf saleget Spangl and t Ros esar l tme busi s parner w ho buid and s l ai if l hat er he s e ong i nes t s l el hom es i D el n aware. The gr avam en oft com pl nti t neiher Spanglrnort Ross he ai s hat t e he es made cert n dicl ur alegedl r r underDel e l ,i udi t t Del e ai s os es l y equied awar aw ncl ng hat he awar pr rywa notz df busne spupos a dt tiwa s j c t bengS z d'b acop opet s one or i s r es n ha t s ube to i t e ' y r buz dust orot agrculur actvii as oci ed wih nei er her i t al i tes s at t ghborng pr tes i operi . Dee ansmove t dimisf lc o pes lurs ci ( t#9,# 1 )l i fnd t d o s s or a k f rona j iditon. Dk. 2. t s pl i f o t pl di a b i f fl d i t sc e t tt s ma t rc e nsr pr s n a i a a n r m he ea ngs nd r e s ie n hi as ha hi te onc r e e e t tons nd di cl ur suroundi areales at sal i Del ar and t def s os es r ng t e e n aw e, hat endant have i uf i ent s ns fci c tcswihVigi at warn t e rieofpes lu iditonbyaVigi ac ur o onat t r ni o ra t he xecs ronaj rs ci r ni o t ver t . A ssuch,def hem endant m otonst dim i ar G R ANTED . s' i o s ss e cu EM 1. A fdea c tla e riepes lu iditono radee n i t za er e rl our ' y xecs ronaj rs ci ve n fnda t n he' nn n pr ded by sat l . See ESAB Gr ovi t e aw oup-l v.Cent cut l ,126 F. 617, 622 ( h Ci. nc. ri . nc. 3d 4t r 1 ) Fed. Ci P. k)1( .Be a eVigi asl am sauee e pes l 997, R. v. 4( ( )A) c us r ni' ong-r ttt xtnds rona . zzer, j iditont teexe tpemitdbyt DuePr esClus seEnqls & Smihvs-M et urs ci o h tn r te he oc s a e,e ih t - 901F. 36,38(t Ci.1 ,th sauor i uiynec saiymege wiht c ttto l 2d 4h r 990)Ã§ e ttt y nq r es rl r s t he onsiuina t i r and t t i res ess i l becom e one.' St nquiy, he wo nquii entaly ' overv. O ' Connel A s . l ,84 l socs. nc. F.d 1 1 36(t Ci.1 ) Theq ton,h n,i wh t rt d e an hass fce 3 32, 35- 4h r 996 . uesi te s ehe he efnd t ufiint Ã»mi mu c a t wihghef um)s ht tt mane nc oft s tdoe notofe d i ni m ontcs t t or uc ha he itna e he ui s fn drdii lnotonsoffi plya s tntaj tc .' ltlShoeCo. W a hi tn,3 U. ta tona i ar a nd ubsa ilusie'' n ' v. s ngo 26 S. 31 31 6 S. .l 90L. 9 ( 9 ( tngM ilke v. e r 311U. 457, 61 0, 6, 6 Ct 54, 3d 5 1 45) quoi li n M ve, S. 463, S. . 85L. 278(940:. Ct339, Ed. 1 The lm i m um cont s't tr r t def s ni act ' es equies hat endant pur ef l avai t sel of s pos uly l hem ves t f um sae Bur rKi Cop. Rud wiz, U. 46 463( 985 .Thi t tai t he or tt. ae ng r v. ze c 471 S. 2, 1 ) s es ms o e ur d e nt aeno Ã§ha e it aj rs ci s eya ar ulofrndo f t t , ns e efnda s r tt uld no u iditon oll s es t a m, oruiousor atenuat cont ss'i at475,and af or def l ed act ' d. f ds endant pr ecton Ã§f om ha ng t def s ot i tr vi o end (he el )i afr wheeghe s dn ha a tcpae bei s d. Cons tng t ms ves n oum r t yl houl ot ve nii td ng ue ' ' uli Ena'sCor v. o ti Lt ,561F.d273 27 (t Ci. 009)( tngW ord- i r p. Ge merc d. 3 , 7 4h r 2 cii l W de Vol wa nCop. W o o 444U. 28 2 (980) Deemi ngt r c o j ca ks xe r v. ods n, S. 6, 97 1 ). tr ni he ea h f udiil powe ov pe s ns ou sde ofa s a e' bor e sun rt l e na i nalShoe s a dar i r er r o ti t t s d r de he nt r to tn d s undetke tr t difrn a r c s byfn ngs ciij iditonbasdo c duc ra n hough wo fee t ppoa he- idi pe fc urs ci e n on t c ne tdt t s torb fndi g er j rs ci Heioptr Na i l deCol a on ce o he ui y i ng en aluiditon. lc eos conaes ombi. S. v.Hal466U. 408,41 ( 98 .Ge r j idito e sswher adee ntsoveal A. l, S. 4 1 4) nealurs cin xit e fnda ' rl c tcswiht fr m saeaec ntn a s tmai.Spe ii j iditon, t ot r ona t t he o u tt r o iuous nd yse tc cfc urs ci on he he hand,f eson t conductgi ng rs t t s t The f t alega i setf t i t ocus he vi ie o he ui. ac ual l tons orh n he c an i t sc edono s r t e r s ofpes lurs ci und reihe t omplit n hi as t uppo the xecie rona j iditon e t rhe s cii o ge rlurs ci t t. pe fc r nea j iditon ess l l. Def endant have had scantcont wih Vigi a. The compl ntalegest Spa er s act t r ni ai l hat ngl and t Ross lve i Del e and Ã»ar l tm ebusi spart sw ho buid and s lhom es he es i n awar d e ong-i nes ner l el i Delwae. ( . 1 !2. l conr tpli if aeVigi ar i nt whotÃ ldt n a r ' Dkt# , ) n tas, antfs r r ni esde s ' rvee o D el e f t pur e ofr es at t e. The com pl nti ca est pl ntf sexecut awar or he chas eal t e her ai ndi t hat ai if ed teAge me ofSal i DelwaeonAprl24, 6.( t# 1 !!6- ) TheAge me of h re nt en a r i 200 Dk. , 8. re nt Sae i e es l gove ne by Delwa elw. ( . 1 Ex. !20. De e n Spa er l s xpr sy r d a r a Dkt # , A, ) f nda t ngl execut t A gr entofSal i D el e on A pri 25,2006,and m aied i t t pl ntfs i ed he eem e n awar l l t o he ai if n V igi a. Exhi tB t t compl nti a i or aton/ pecis i s on t house r ni bi o he ai s n nf m i s tcaton heet he consr ed by Spangl and s d t t pl ntf s. l t pr dest D el e l gover t tuct er ol o he ai if t oo ovi hat awar aw ns he s l.( t# 1 Ex.B, t6. Then xtmonh, anif rt n t Dea r t delve s ae Dk. , a ) e t plitfs eured o lwa e o i r ome upga dlghtngfxursa me wihSpa lra tecl i at ne ( t #l, 9. The rde i i it e nd t t nge nd h osng tor y. Dk . ! ) H UD - Setl entSt em ent si I tem at , gned by pl ntfs,Spangl and t Ros ,i cat t t ai if er he ses ndi es hat he cl i o t hous t plc i M if r Dea r on J l 2006.( . 1 Ex. a 1. osng n he e ook a e n lo d, lwae une 4, Dkt # , C, t ) Pl ntf scont t att tm e Spangl sgned t A gr entofSal he wasnott owner ai if end hat he i er i he eem e, he oft pr t and onl acqui tte fom t Ros bet een t dat oft contactand he opery, y red il r he ses w he e he r cl i 1 osng. 1 Ag e m e ofSa e b t n S The r e nt l e wee panglra t Ros e ,daed M ay 1 2006,a s i gove ed by De a r l w. e nd he s s t , lo s m l wa e a ( t # 1 Ex., 2 . Dk . , 1 ! 0) ' On M Ã r 3,2009,pl ntf sw r edef ch ai if ot endant r s equesi t t Ã§buy back't hous tng hat hey d ' he e. Thi lterr er s e t ef ences an i tgaton oft Del a ator w ho ser ass tem entagent nves i i he aw re t ney ved etl w ih t D el ar Barand an i tga i oft r t s i ved wih t ls i and s e of t he aw e nves i ton wo ealor nvol t he itng al t p ope t wiht Delwa eBu e u ofPr f so lLiensng. ( t # 1 Ex. a l) Thi he r ry t he a r r a o es ina c i Dk . , F, t . s l t and anot atached asExhi tH ,m ake alegatons r di def eter her t bi l i egar ng endant f l est s' aiur o com pl w ih di os e oblgatons underDel ar l . y t scl ur i i aw e aw I t rcompl nt pl ntf alege t cert n di os esw er notm adet t n hei ai , ai ifs l hat ai scl ur e o hem i n vi aton ofDel ar l w ,i pari art t propery w asnotzoned f busi sus and t ol i aw e a n tcul hat he t or nes e hat i wass ceptbl t nuiancespos by nei t us i e o s ed ghbori agriuluralus s asbei Ã§buzzed' ng c t es, uch ng t ' b aco duse.( t# 1 !!l1 1 ) Ata he a Exhi tE t t c aiti ablnkn w y rp tr Dk. , - 4. tc d s bi o he ompl n s a e consr ton di cl ur f m appr t uc i s os e or oved by t D el e RealEs at Com m i on. I addii he awar te ssi n ton, pli if ale et tdee ntRob r Ros commitdp ruyb ma ngflesae ns antfs lg ha fnda et s te ej r y ki as ttme t concer ng t sal oft pr ni he e he opert ata Del e RealEs at Com m i i hearng and by y awar te sson i sgni c rai afi t.( . 1 !29. Theei n al ai tatt sralet e i ng e t n fdavis Dkt# , ) r s o leg ton h hi e sat com m is on hearng t pl i Vigi a ort t e af i t w er execut i V igi a. si i ook ace n r ni hat hes fdavis e ed n r ni Ther i ,i f t no alegaton i t com pl ntt t Ross or Spangl tavel t e s n ac , l i n he ai hat he es er r ed o V igi a i connecton w ih t s e oft sDelw ar r es at norany alega i concer ng r ni n i t he al hi a e eal t e, l tons ni Vigni a al,ohe t nt fc t tpl ntfsaeVigi ar i nt.( t #l !!1 28. r i a t l t r ha he at ha ai if r r ni esde s Dk. , , ) l r pons t t m oton t di m is,pl ntf sm ake a num berofas tons r di n es e o he i o s s ai if seri egar ng pes na j rs ci a f lws ro l uiditon, s olo ' . Def endant Spangl sgned t Agr ent of Sal on Apr l 25, er i he eem e i 2006,t dat afert Pl ntf s r ur t V igi a. A copy of he e t he ai if et ned o r ni t a r e e twasma l t Vigi a A $1 000.0 c k, a he g e m n ied o r ni. 0, 0 hec dr wn on a V igi a bank,wast r ni ender asr r by Def ed, equied endant The s. buider contact w as prepar by Def l s r ed endant Ross. D ef s endant Car Spangl m aied copi of bl i s t t Pl ntf s i l er l es ueprnt o he ai if n 4 Vigi a The e ble i s we e c r ce by t e Ros es r ni. s u prnt r onta td h s . Def endant Spangl m ade num er phone cals t Pl ntif er ous l o ai f s' r dence i V igi a w ih updat and al o r esi n r ni t es s equesed Pl ntf s t ai if r ur t Del e t pur e lghtng fxt , needed t obt n et n o awar o chas i i i ures o ai t Cer ii e of O ccupancy; t cerii t was i ued t t he tfcat he tfca e ss o he Ross on June 6,2006. es The deed t t pr t sgned by t Ross , w as m aied t o he opery, i he es l o Vigi a. r ni ( . 22,a 4- ) Ba e ont s a sri ,plitfsaguet t Dkt# t 5. s d he e setons anif r ha: Vigi a' l ann sat e alow s t s Courtt obt n per r ni s ongt ut l hi o ai sonal j iditon ove Dee nt wh ha ce ry co td at ti urs ci r fnda s o ve la l mmie or n a he s a e whi h ha c us d ha m i t sCom m onweat , and t not r t t c s a e r n hi 1h o oban pes j iditon o rDee a swhoha f l d a ti ronalurs ci ve fnd nt ve olowe per santcour ofconductt per r est t t sit se hat petat hat or. ( t #22,a 6.2 Dk . t) 1 . 11 The efcsdono s s at t upport e r s ofpes na j iditonove d fnda sunde the xecie ro lurs ci r ee nt r eihe t g ealo s ii j iditonsan r .Depiet f tt tÃ»heei noh r a t r he en r r pecfc urs ci t dads s t he ac ha Ã» r s ad-nd t f tr e f det m i ng w hen a def as ul or er ni endantscont sw ih t f um s at r ' act t he or t e each t l he evel ne esar t j tf afndi ofge eal s nalurs ci 'Wrg v. r tBa No. c s y o usiy i ng n r pero j iditon, iht Suntus nk, ' 1 1 Kv- 0041 201lW L 1 468,a * ( D . . . a 20,2 l , hefw gui ngc e :l 0 , 984 t 3 S. W Va M y 01 ) t e di as s avaiabl i cat t ,vi i t f s aleged i t lghtm os f abl t t pl ntf s t e l e ndi e hat ew ng he act l n he i t avor e o he ai if , her i smpl noba i f afndi ofg ealu iditon.Ac or ngt t s g digc s s si y ss or i ng en r j rs ci c di o he e ui n a e, (contnuousand s t atc' can t n on s i uesas: C i ys em i ' ur uch ss 2 i apo so o Vigni' ln -nnsauealwsac utoo ti p ro aj rs ito o e ad fn a t Whl rviin f ri aso ga ttt l e o o rt ban esn luidcin v r eed n cu igij r wi i teCo n at b sdo triu at i o tieteCo n at,tas rq i ss c a sn nuy t n h mmo we 1 ae n o t s ci t usd h mmo we l i lo e ur u h h h o vy h e ad fn a tt h ver g a c n a t wi teCo n at . S eVA Co eAn j 20 - 2 . . (ca sn tri u e e d n o a e ulr o tcs t h mmo we I e h h d n. .13 8 14 t u ig o t s i o ij r i tiCo n at b a a t r miso o tieti Co n at fh rgua l d e o s l i nuy n hs mmo we l y n c o o sin usd hs mmo we l e e lr o s r oi t h h y cs b sn s, re g ge i a y oh rp r itnt o r eo o d c, rd rv ss b t ni l e e u f o go d u e o u i es o n a s n n t e e sse c u s fc n u to e ie u sa t r v n e r m o s s d r a c s d o s r ce r nde e i t sCommo on ume r e vi s e r 4 n hi nwealhnj(mpha i a d) Theei nohi i pl ntfs t ' e ss dde . r s t ng n ai if' ' ' c ompl i tt s a n o uppor t r l r pe ss e ors t ntalc t c ne e s l t s ts y t s o pr ng ofVa Code t he egu a , r it nt ubsa i on a t c s a' o a i f he ec nd o y . j8. - 14. 01328.. a wh t rt dee a hasa yph ia prsnc i tef um sae seESAB ) ehe he fnd nt n ysc l ee e n h or tt, e Gr v.Cenrc t l ,l F. 61 6 ( h Ci.1 ; oup tiu . nc. 26 3d 7, 24 4t r 997) b) t pr ton o de e n ' tt lbusne sa tviist a i co td i t e he opori f f nda ts o a i s ci te h t s nduce n h f um sat s i ; or t e, ee d. c t ee e tt whih a riig ors iia in ofbusne si die td s cii ly ) h xt n o c dve tsn olctto i s s r ce pe fcal atpari ari vi s,orwhet i i ofa m or generalna ure,s Boone v. tcul ndi dual her t s e t ee Sul rCr e Res t I .749F.Su 1 1 ( D. nd.1 ) an phu e k or. nc, pp. 95, 99 S. l 990 ; d d) t ee e tt whih t no esd tde e an ceae l t r b i s h xt n o c he nr ien f nd t r t d ong-e m usne s r a i hi wih r dentcusom er oft f um sat s M e cale v. eltons ps t esi t s he or t e, ee t f Re is n M a i l . 5 F. 32 335( Ci. ) s ea s Robe t v. na s a ce rne. nc, 66 3d 4, 3d r 2009 ; e lo rs Syn r si I '.LLC,676F.Su 2d93 94 ( D. l2009 Cds e t e gitc ntl pp. 4, 2 E. Ca. ) long viy, contnuiy,vol e,econom i i pa ,physi pr ence,and i egr i i o t i t um c m ct cal es nt aton nt he sat sr at y oreconom i m ar sar am ong t i ci ofs a t e' egul or c ket e he ndi a uch Pr e e.) es nc ' . ' l Ther i no i caton t t def d. e s ndi i hat he endant have everhad physi pr ence i Vigi a,and s cal es n r ni t ear no alegatonst t def her e l i hat he endant do t bul oft rbusi s oreven solci busness s he k hei nes it i i V igi a. The pl ntf salo do notalege t t def n r ni ai if s l hat he endant have l t m busi s s ong-er nes r atons psw ih any Vigi a r dent Becaus pl ntf s alege no cont st teve el i hi t r ni esi s. e ai if l act ha n appr oach t ext oft e out i i t e gui ng cas i i pl n t tt aleged cont s he ent hos lned n hes di es, t s ai ha he l act ar notdcontnuousand s t atc' w ih V igi a,butr t a iol ed s ofcont s r a ed t e s i ysem i ' t r ni a her n s at et act elt o t s fc r esat s e athand. he pecii eal t e al Wihrgadt s cfcj iditon ac r i rquie t e l t 4()tee e t t e r o pe ii urs ci , ou ts e rd o vauae :1 h xtnto w hi h t d en ntha p pos uly a ie is l oft e prvie e ofc uc i a tvii i t c he ef da s ur ef l va l d t e f h i l g ond tng c i tes n he sae'2)whehe t pli if' li aieou oft ea tvii die t a tesae a d( tt , ( t r he antfs cams rs t hos ci tes rced t h tt; n 3) wh t rt e r s ofpes lurs ci wo dbec nsiutonalyle ona e' Caefrtof ehe he xecie rona j iditon ul o tt i l ras bl.' r is ' Mavlnd.nc v. rfrtPr na vCe er,l ,33 F. 39 397( hCi. )(ii r a I . Caeis eg nc nt s nc. 4 3d 0, 4t r2003 ctng ALSSc n.lc. Diia Sev. ula s 29 F.d707 711 2( hCi. 02). a n v. ztl r Cons tnt, 3 3 , -1 4t r 20 ) The Fourt C icui hasi ii a num beroff or f t cour t consderi h r t dentfed act s or he to i n as si w het def ses ng her endant have pur ef l a l t s ves oft prviege of s pos uly vaied hem el he i l conductng actvii i V igi a. Thes f or i ude t f l i . i i tes n r ni e act s ncl he olow ng' 6 * * @ * whe he t de e n m a nt nso fc o a nt i t e f um s a e t r he f nda t i ai f i es r ge s n h or t t ; whet t def her he endantow nspr t i t f um sat opery n he or t e; whet t def her he endantr eached i o t f um s at t solci ori ta e nt he or t e o i t niit busi s; nes w he hert def t he endantdelber t y engaged i sgnii orl t m i a el n i fcant ong-er busi actvii i t f um sat ness i tes n he or t e; w het t pari cont act l agr t t l oft f um s at her he tes r ualy eed hat he aw he or t e woul gover diput ; d n s es whe he t de c n m a i pe s n c t c w ih t r i ntoft t r he f nda t de n- r o on a t t he esde he f um i t f um sat r di t busnessr atons p; or n he or t e egar ng he i el i hi t nat e,qualt and ext oft partes' m uni i aboutt he ur iy ent he i com catons he b i s be ng t a a t d;a us ne s i r ns c e nd w he hert per or anceofcont act dutesw ast occurw ihi t t he f m r ual i o t n he f um . or Co uli Ena'sCor v. ns tna r p Geome rcLt ,5 F.d 273, ( h Ci.200 (n e n ctto ti d. 6l 3 278 4t r 9) it r al ia ins omitd) te . Consi a i oft e f or yi dst i capabl concl on t tdef der ton hes act s el he nes e usi ha endant have not s pur ef l avaied t sel ofanyt ng t do w ih V igi a. Def pos uly l hem ves hi o t r ni endant ha no of i or s ve fces agent i V igi a,and t e i no alegaton t t own pr t he There i no alegaton s n r ni her s l i hat hey opery re. s l i t def hat endant s i t ori tat t s e oft D el epr t i Vigi a. N ot ng i s olcied nii ed he al he awar opery n r ni hi n t pl ngss he eadi ugges st def t hat endant have engaged i any si fcantorl t m busi s s n gnii ong-er nes actvii i V igi a. The r es at contactatis i gover by Del a e l . Ther i no i tes n r ni eal t e r s ue s ned aw r aw es alegaton t def l i hat endant t avel t Vigi a i connecton wih t D el ar sal N or i t e s r ed o r ni n i t he aw e e. s her any alegaton t any partoft r esat cont actwast be per or ed i Vigi a. Atm os , l i hat he eal t e r o f m n r ni t pl ntfs alege t def ai if l hat endant m aied bl i s t execut r es at contactand t deed s l ueprnt , he ed eal t e r he t pl n if i Vigi a'pli if t ndee a$1 000. c e dr wnon aVigi a b nk;a o aitfs n r ni , antfs e rd 0, 00 h ck a r ni a nd def endantSpangl m ade num er t ephone calst pl ntf s i V igi a aboutt t ans i er ous el l o ai if n r ni he r acton i vi t Del e hous Telphone calsand m aii t a pl ntf i t f nvol ng he awar e. e l lngs o ai if n he orum s at do te no rs t t rquiielvelf s ii j idito Ea ePa rl '.Ic. Expoln Lt , t ie o he e st e or pecfc urs cin. cl oe ntl n v. ik. d. No. 07c 60 2008W L 1 06,a *5 ( D. J n.l 2 )(Elti wel s tldt tme e 2: v1 , 705 t E. Va. a 7, 008 tgl s l ete ha r t ephone calsand el t oni com m uni tonsi f t ante of atansacton ar i uf i entt el l ec r c ca i n urher r i e ns f ci o c nsiut pur e ula tviy. ( ia in omitdl;Co uli EnR's I .v.Ge ti o tt e pos f c i t ' ct to ' te l ns tng r. nc ome rc SofwaeSol i , l: v956, t r utons No. 06c 2007WL 1 201 a *5( D. . .3, )(i ng 07 0, t E. Va Apr 2007 fndi t exchange ofem aisand phone calsf t pur e ofengagi i a busnes tansac i w as he l l or he pos ng n i sr ton i ufiin t stsys cii j iditon)afd, F.d273( hci. nS fce t o aif pe fc urs ci , f' 561 3 5t r2009) Supef , . ros l smensLt v.FisM isFetlz r lc.774F.Su 3 39 ( D. .1 )(lti nvet t d. rt s riie. n , pp. 93, 7 E. Va 991 g1 s gener l hel t m er phone calsand l t s and ar aly d hat e l eter , guabl f com m uni i i y ax catons, n frhea eofata a tonaei ufiintt fr aba i frpes nalurs ci '( ttons ut rnc rnsci r ns fce o om ss o ro j iditon. ciai ' o i e ; s e as Buc Co. a m t d) e lo ks Plvhous v. a ha 577F.Su 1 3,1 9 ( D. 1 ) t e Br ds w, pp. 20 20 E. Pa. 983 (ttngt tdas resoft lphonec ls t m alngoft pit ea bi r phi maera,a d sa i ha $ e i ee al, he ii he cur nd og a c t il n onetlgrp 'dono rs t t lve ofds tnil' .Morov ,theSuprmeCoul ( ) ee a h, ' t ie o he e l subsa ta.) ' e erd t e ' has t rjce g)pl ntf sc e int tac e tngc c drwnonaba i t f u saewasa ee td a ai if ontnto ha c pi he ks a nk n he orm tt ba i f fndi urs ci i t tsae. Mel Ba ( s)PSFS. A. Di r c Br . ss or i ngj iditon n ha tt ' lon nk Eat ' N. v. veonia os. I ,98 F. 551 555( Ci.1 (iigHeioper , U. a 41 ) Ta nt eh r nc. 3 2d , 3d r 993) ctn lc t os466 S. t 6 . ke og te, t e scantcont sw ih V igi a f lf s tofpur ef avaim ent and t e i no basi f hes act t r ni al ar hor pos ul l , her s s or a fndi ofs fcJurs cton. i ng pecii - idi i 3 l . V Fi l pl nif cli t tSpan e wai hi rgh t c le pes na j rs ci naly, aitfs am ha glr ved s i t o halnge ro l uiditon byr po ngt aM o i t Diquaiy Couns l( t / l , piet f c t tSpa e ' frt es ndi o ton o s lf e Dk ./ ) des t he a t ha nglrs is 2 a peaa ei t sc tc le dpes lurs cinaone Spa e c tndst tt s p rnc n hi our halnge rona j idito l . nglr one ha hi s equentappear ubs ance wasa r r r equied, esponsi brefundert l ve i he ocalr es. W . .Va.Loc. ul D Ci R.l1c( ) TheFourhCicuihasi eprtdFe rlRul o Ci lPr e r l h t v. ()l. t r t ntr ee dea e f vi oc due 2() o 3 Aspur ef la im e pl i y i notm e he e, t c ti notr quie t a es t r i n e e t oft pos u va l nt a nl s t r he our s e r d o ddr s he ema ni g l men s he s e i cj rs ito ts.Co s li gEn 's 5 F.da 2 2 p cf u idci n et n utn g r, 61 3 t 7 . i 8 al t n i idwai rofapes lurs cindee ebydeen nt whoa pea beor a low t mple ve a rona j idito fns f da s p r fe c r t de t algai ofac an,b whof lt ma ep rona j iditonobe to ou to ny he le tons omplit ut ai o k es lurs ci jcins a t tmeoft i a a a e. Fose v. ltv3 Sa l 278F.d 409, 4 ( h Ci.2 ) t he i her ppe r nc ' tr Aret ' r, 3 41 4t r 002 ( tncBehlhe St lCor v. ves 389F. 4 46( hCi.l :. c us Spa e ha cii t t m ee p. De r, 2d 4, 4t r 968 Be a e nglr s ma n agume sont meisoft sc s ,a dc le dpes lurs ci i hi frt de o r nt he rt hi a e n halnge rona j iditon n s is appear ance,i i cl t he hasnotw ai t def e. t s ear hat ved hat ens I shor ,t alegatons oft scas concer cerai f l est dicl and n t he l i hi e n t n aiur o s ose m ir s epres atonsconcer ng t s eofr es at l ed i Delw ar N otonl i t r ent i ni he al eal t e ocat n a e. y s he eal esat l ed i Del e,t sal contactwasexecut t e,t cl i t pl t e and t e ocat n awar he es r ed her he osng ook ace her t aleged m ir esent i and f l es t dicl e wer m ade t e. Pl ntf sdo notalege he l s epr atons aiur o s os e her ai if l contnuousand s t atc cont s by def i ys em i act endant wih V igi a,norhave def s t r ni endant s pur ef l avaied t s vesoft pri l ofconduc i busnessi V igi a,asnone of pos uly l hem el he viege tng i n r ni t actons gi ng rse t t aleged m ir es atonsand f l es t di cl he i vi i o he l s epr ent i aiur o s osuret pl i ook ace n V igi a. r ni As s uch,t sdiput i notpr l bef e a Vigi a courtand m us be r ol i hi s e s opery or r ni t es ved n Dea r.Anode dimisngt scaef Ickofpes nalu idito wilb e ee lwae r r s si hi s or a ro j rs cin l e ntrd. Ent ed: J y 21,2011 er ul / / -e > z& J /. Mi chaelF.Ur ki bans Unied St esD it i Judge t at s rct '

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.