Liggins v. Clarke County School Board, et al, No. 5:2009cv00077 - Document 147 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 11/17/2014. (jat)
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CLERK' OFFI U.S. ST. S CE DI COURT AT NOKE A I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I STRI COU RT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI I I CT RG N A HA RRI SON BU RG D I I ON V SI N 1? 2 1 o# qj JULI A BY; KEN N ETH D .LI GI G NS, Ci lA c i n N o.5: vi to 09CV 00077DE t l . cua ) < ' L ah r ç Pl i if a ntf , M EM O R AN DU M O PI O N NI CLARKE COUNTY SCHOOL BOA RD ,e a . t 1, By: Hon.Gl n E. e Comud Chi Unie St t sDititJ ef t d a e src udge De e nt . f nda s Thsc s i p e e t b fr t ec u t nt ep an ifsmoinf rr l ffo j d me t i a e s r s nl e o e h o r o h litf y to o ei ' m u g n e r u rRul 6 d oft Fe rlRulsofCi lPr edu e Fort r a onst tf lw,hec t nde e 0( ) he dea e vi oc r . he e s ha olo t our c l onc udest ti i c e rf om t r co d t tt pl i tf i note il d t r le unde t s r e. ha t s l a r he e r ha he a n if s ntte o e i f r hi ul Ac or ngl t c t l denyt pl ntf smoton a hi r que tf ahe rng. c di y,he our wil he ai if i nd s e s or a i ProceduralH i t s orv Ke t D. ggi , oc edi pr s ,ie t scvirg sa tont r42U. C. 1 nneh Li ns pr e ng o e fld hi i l iht ci mde S. j 983 on Se e be 30, pt m r 2009. Li ns a s r e t thi rgh st e lpr t c i n a f e s c w e e ggi s e t d ha s i t o qua o e t o nd r e pee h r vi a e whe de e ol t d n f ndantRobi R . na Bouf a t t n- i n oft Cl r Count Sc f ul, he cha nna he a ke y hoolBoa d r (tc o Bo r ' so p dhm fo s e k n a aS h o Bo r me tn o Ap i 1 , 0 8 d h ol ad), tp e i r m p a i g t c o l ad eig n rl 4 2 0 . s Folwigtec mpeino ds o ey ted fn a t mo e frs mmayj g n o l n h o lto f ic v r ,h e e d n s v d o u r ud me t n o t cl i sa s red a ns Bouf a t On Se e ber1 201 t m oton w a g an ed i pa t nd he a m s e t gai t f ul. pt m 7, 0, he i s r t n ra Liggins v. Clarke County School Board, et al de e i par . To t e entLi i 'e ni d n t he xt gg ns qualpr e i cl i waspr i e on t as e ton t t ot cton a m em s d he s r i ha Doc. 147 h wa s b e tdt r c ds rmiain,h c u t edta Bo f ut se tte t s mma y e s u j ce o a e ici n to t e o r h l h t ufa lwa n ild o u r Dockets.Justia.com s ntLi nsadik c ai ng a a or c di oft Aprl1 2008m e tng. Sheadvie hi e ggi s ont ni n udi e or ng he i 4, ei sd m t t SchoolBoar di nothave a r di oft Apri 21,2008 m eetng. hat he d d ecor ng he l i Li ns s eque l m ove t ha t de enda s he d i c em ptofc tf ggi ubs nty d o ve he f nt l n ont our or ç o di f s a mi ladi i or ton. Doc tNo.44. Li nsc am e t thewas i vi ng ale nd se ng nf ma i ' pr ' ke ggi l i d ha una et ply t dik i hi DVD plye ,a t tHa y ha i entonaly s nthi aC a bl o a he s n s a r nd ha ne d nt i l e m é nk bl di k- l s ' d ' Li ns m o i w a hea d by f m erU nied St t sM ag sr t J ggi ' ton s r or t ae i t a e udge B . a h Cr gl ron W ug i e Apr l6, 0. Dur ng t he rng, a y e a ned t tt di k pr ded t Li nsc a ned i 201 i he a i H ne xpl i ha he s ovi o ggi ont i a a or or ng oft Aprl1 20 meei a t tt dik hadt bepl ye on ac n udi ec di he i 4, 08 tng, nd ha he s o a d omput r e r t rt n aDVD plye . Doc tNo.1 a 5. W he as i t r wasa vi r or ngof ahe ha a r ke 36 t n ked f he e ny deo ec di t m e tng,H a y a s J he e i ne dvied udge Crgl rt tt r w a tno vi o a a loft pr ee ngs' I i e ha he e s û de t 1 he oc di .' d. Addii ly, a y c i m e t tt de enda sdi notpos es a audi o vi o r or ng of tona l H ne onf r d ha he f nt d s s ny o r de ec di t A prl21 2008 m ee i he i , tng. 1 a 8. d. t On Aprl7,2008,t def nda sr s i he e nt e ponde t Li ns fr tr quessf pr to of d o ggi ' is e t or oduc i n doc nt. Li nsa ns htc esoft C ume s ggi gai oug opi he C DVDLI'fom t Sc Boadmeei hed S' r he hool r tngs l on Aprl1 2008a Aprl21 2008. Doc tNo.1 3 a 3. Thede e nt r s i 4, nd i , ke 39- t f nda s e ponde t t d ha t r wasno vi o r or ng oft A prl 1 2008 m ee i t tt a o r co di oft t he e de ec di he i 4, tng, ha he udi e r ng ha me tng ha ar dy be pr e t Li ns a t tt r wasno r cor ng oft Aprl21, ei d lea en oduc d o ggi , nd ha he e e di he i 2008 me tng. Li nsdi notr ques c pisoft m i esfom eiherme i ei ggi d e to e he nut r t etng. Thede e n sr pondedt Li ns s c r ques f pr uci ofdoc e son M ay f nda t es o ggi ' e ond e t or od ton um nt 1 2010. Li ns once agai r 2, ggi n eques ed a copy oft tD I t t he t SK aken on Apri 21s 2008 Publc l t i me tng,' ndwa t dt tt dee nt çdld)no ha a rco di orû s oft Aprl21, ei 'a s ol ha he fnda s d i t ve ny e r ng dik' he i 2008m e tng. Doc tNo.1 4 a 3. Li nsdi no r ques co esoft mi esfom t t ei ' ' ke 39- t ggi d t e t pi he nut r ha m e tng. ei Li nst s rv d at r r que tf pr ton ofdoc nt , o whih t de enda s ggi hen e e hid e s or oduc i ume s t c he f nt rs e ponded on M a 24,201 Li nsr que t d t sg i s e f t Aprl1 2008 me i y 0. ggi e se he in-n he t or he i 4, etng, bu di notr que tSc t d e s hoolBoa d m i esf a m e tngs On J y 1 201 t def nda s r nut or ny e i . ul 9, 0, he e nt r ponded t Li ns f t r ques f pr es o ggi ' ourh e t or oduc i ofdoc e s i whi h hem a no r ton um nt , n c de eque tf r s o a doc e s o r c di s c tc l r a ed t e t rt A prl 1 2008 m ee i ort A prl ny um nt r e or ngs pe ii aly el t o ihe he i 4, tng he i 21,2008 m e tng. ei l ea l 201 i r s n ry 4, n e pons t ar que tunde t Vigi aFr dom ofI or ai A c,Dr eo e s r he r ni ee nf m ton t . M iha lM ur c e phy,t n- pe i e ntoft Cl r Count PublcSc s a ke Re e W er he su rntnde he a ke y i hool, s d ne i, O f i e M ana rand Cl r oft SchoolBoa d,t s a c f rt Sc fc ge e k he r o e r h o he hoolBoar m i e f om t d nut s r he A prl21 2008 m e tng a a a o r c di f o t tm e tng. W e r l at d a c oft i , e i nd ny udi e or ng r m ha e i i oc e opy he mi es whih we et n pr nut , c r he oduce t Li ns Ho ve ,s wasuna et l a ea a o d o ggi . we r he bl o oc t ny udi r c di oft tm ee i e or ng ha tng. Bot s deshave fl d a fda t t s h i ie f i vis o uppor t i r s tve pos tonson t i t ntm o i t he r e pec i ii he ns a ton. Li nsha s il d a afi vi sgne by J ne Al r whoha s r d on t Cl keCount ggi s ubm te n fda t i d a t ge , s e ve he ar y Sc hoolBoa d snc 2008. l hera fda t Al rsa est ts C rii t i t Cl r Count z i e n fi vi, ge tt ha he t tcpaed n he a ke pa y Sc hoolBoa dM eei hed on Aprl21 2008,' nd t tt a o r or ng wasc eaed a r tng l i , 'a ha i udi ec di an r t nd m ai ai d f t Apr l21 2008 Sc nt ne or he i , hoolBoa d M e tng a i w a t SchoolBoa d pr tc t r e i s t s he r ac i e o c e t and m ai ai a a o r c di ofal Sc rae nt n n udi e or ng l hoolBoa d m e tngs' D oc tN o 1 7 a 2. r ei . ' ke 37- t Bouf aul has s it herow n af i t asw el asan afidavi f om Renee W ei t f t ubm ted fdavi, l t tr r, he cur entCl k oft SchoolBoar Bouf aul sat i heraf i tt w hen she becnm e r er he d. f t t es n fdavi hat Cha r a oft Sc im n he hoolBoa d i J nua y of2008, her wasno ofi i polc orpr tc w hi h r n a r t e tc al i y ac i e c 4 r quied a o r c di fom Sc e r udi e or ngs r hoolBoa dm e tngst bema nti d f anypa tculzpe i r ei o i a ne or ri a rod oftme l t d,Ctheprciei plcewhe (he be a Char noft Sc Boadwast i . nsea l l a tc n a l n s l c me ima he hool r o r co d Sc olBoa d m e tngs o m i r c s te ,ke p t c s e t r c di untlt Sc e r ho r ei n c o- as e t s e he a s te e or ngs i he hool Boa d m e tngm i e we e a pt d a a ovedby t Sc olBoa d a as eque m e tng, r ei nut s r do e nd ppr he ho r t ubs nt e i a t n t r - et m i r c s e t i s e ntScho Boa d m ee i wihoutpr e v ng t nd he o e us he c o- a s tes n ubs que ol r tngs t es r i he e rirr or ng. Doc tNo.1 2 a 1. Boufa ti caest t a o r cor ng fom t a le ec di ' ' ke 39- t f ul ndi t hat he udi e di r he Apr l1 2008 m e tng wasm a nt i d bec us s t a a s c fc r ue tt t n Cl r oft i 4, ei i a ne a e he t de pe i i eq s o he e k he m SchoolBoa d,Tho asJ r m udge t ke p ac oft a o r co di fom t tpa tc a m e tng ,o e opy he udi e r ng r ha riul r e i duet t lr nt be ofpe pl i at nda a t me i whih wa unus a t tme,a o he a ge l r m o e n te nce t he etng, c s ual t he i nd t co e i na tr oft m e tng and beha ore bied by a t nde .... l a 1 2. Tha he nt ntous tle he e i vi xhi t te es ' d. t ' t r c di s l t rl m- d, a puton a di k a m ai t ne e or ng, he a e e ne w s s nd n ai d. Re e W e rhas s r e a t Cl r oft Sc ne i e v d s he e k he hoolBoa d s nc J nua y 2013. A c or ng r i e a r c di t he afi vi,t a o r c di oft Sc o r tda t he udi e or ngs he hoolBoa d me tngst r us d t pr pa et r e i i e e o e r he a m i e ofe c Sc nut s a h hoolBoa d meei a oncet m i esha be n a ove a a edby r tng nd he nut ve e ppr d nd dopt t Sc he hoolBoa d a as e ntmeei t m i esa et ofi i r c doft tSc r t ubs que tng, he nut r he fcal e or ha hoolBoa d r m e tng a t di t lr cor ngsa eno s ve ormai ane by t Sc e i nd he gia e di r t a d nt i d he hoolBoa d. Doc t r ' ' ke No. 139- a 1. Prort sgni he afi vi,W ers r he f a or or ngsofSc 1t i o i ng r tda t i ea c d or udi ec di hoolBoa d r me tngst tweesili t pose sonoft Sc Boad. (l-heonl a orco di ei ha r tl n he ss i he hool r t-j l y udi e r ngs l a e w e e a a o r or ng on a d s f om t Apr ll 2008 Sc oc t d r n udi ec di i c r he i 4, hoolBoa d m ee i a t o r tng; nd w f om r e Sc r ec nt hoolBoa d m e tngs one he d i J m e a t ot ri J y of...201 f w hi h r ei , l n t nd he he n ul 4, or c mi eshal no ye bee a ove a ado e byt Sc Boad.' J.a 2. nut d) t t n ppr d nd ptd he hool r ' #. t s D i si scus on Rul 60 oft Fe r Rul ofCi lPr e ze s t f t t ba e upon whi h a pa t e he de al es vi oc dlr e s orh he s s c ry ma s e rle fo afn lu g n . Or iaiy whe ap ryb l v st a h so p n n h s y e k eif r m i a j d me t dn rl, n a t ei e h t i p o e t a e o tie aj d me tb Sru 'o û se r sn ai n'h ma mo ef rr l f nd rRue ban d u g n y û a d' r t rp e e tto , e y v o ei u e l f mi ' e 6 ( )3 . S eF xv. kRu Co lCo.7 9F.d 1 ,1 5(t Ci. 01 ) Ho v r s c 0 b ( ) e o E1 n a , 3 3 31 3 4h r 2 4 . we e , u h moi nmu t tldwi i o ey a a trh e tyo tej g n a d tu ,su a ia l i t e to s be ie t n n e r fe te nl fh ud me t n ,h s i n valbe n h h ' i tntc e. Se Fe R. v.P. c( ) Co eq nty,Li nss kst vac t t j nsa as e d. Ci 60()1 . ns ue l ggi ee o ae he udgme nt f alge ûfa ont c t' or le d lr ud he our'underRul 60( ( . Aler tvey,hea s t acam f e d)3) t nai l sers li or e tbl rlefunde Rul 60( ( ) quia e ei r e d)1. 1 . Rul 60( ( e d)3) A j me ma besta i unde Rul 60()3 it mo pr de ce ra udg nt y e sde r e d () f he vant ovi s la nd c nci e de eofûfa ont co t' Fe R. v.P. 3) s as UniedSttsv. onvi ng vi nc ûrud he ur.' d. Ci 60( . ee lo t ae , Ma Do l, . 7 5 3 ,1 9 U.. p. c nad No 8 - 0 8 9 8 S Ap LEXI 2 0 3 a * (t Ci. e . ,1 9 )(I i S 2 7 , t 6 4h r S pt 8 9 8 6t s 1 stl t tt cla a c ncngsa r a i i ... as alegi fa upo t c t' eted ha he e r nd onvi i tndad pples n c es l ng rud n he'our.' ) ( tngc s s. Frud o t c ta t Fou t Cic trc tye cii a e ) a n he our, s he rh rui e enl mphasze i ç tyour i d, s s no tar n- reyfaud.' Fox, F. a 1 ( tngGe c P. ite Co. Rie Stke g de vait r '' 739 3d t 35 quoi or e Renis v. lv o r Co p, F3 4 , 8( s Ci.1 5) Th d crn i ta iv le ç o r p ino tej d ca r .71 .d 4 4 1 t r 99 ). e o tie nse d n ov s f ru to f h u iil c pr s is l, ClvelndDe ii Co.v. conSca Co .8 F. 98 98 ( h Ci. oce s tef' e a ' molton Az rp p , 27 2d 4, 6 4t r 198 , ndi houl bei 6) a t d nvoke onl whenpa tesatmptçhemoee e ousf ofs ri s d y ri te t r grgi onns ubveson oft l alpr s .' Fox,739F. a 1 (uotngGr tCoasa Expr s I v.l ' Bhd.of he eg oce s'' 3d t 36 q i ea tl es. nc. ntl Tea tr, F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 2). Bec us ofisi titds pe't faudon mses 675 2d 349, 357 4t r 98 ) a e t d rce co ,'he r cons t cour docrnei g neal ii tdt st tonss a i i r ofaj orj or o he t ti s e rly dmie o iuai uch s brbey l udge ur , r i pr m operi l nfuence exert on t courtby an ator ed he t ney,i w hi t i egrt oft courtand is n ch he nt iy he t 6 a lt t f toni rilyi diecl i ng '' I ( i Gr a CoatlExpr s 675 biiy o unci mpatal s r ty mpi ed.' d.quotng e t sa es, F. a 1 . Mer 1;fr udbet e pa tes wo dnotbefa ont c ttve i i 2d t 356) e t(ja we n ri ' ul rud he our, e nt f t iv le ( ej r b apat o wi e s'o ten n ico u eo e d n e l . q oi gMen l n ov s plru y y ry r t s' r h o d sl s r f vie c . d ( u tn id n ' v.Gene vsPa Te hs.nc.20 F. 1 1 ( hCi. s c. c .l , 4 3d 24, 30 4t r 2000:;s ealoGr a Coasa Exprs , e s e t tl e s 6 5F.da 1 5 t l out c n r ni t is eh v c n itn l h l t t ejlyo fb iae 7 2 t 3 6 tcj t' o fo tng he su a e o sse ty ed ha p rt r a rc td t s r e de eaenotgoundsf rle a lrudont cou t''. û ovi fa ont c thus vi nc r r or eif s fa he r.' ç ng rud he our t ) pr prs nt,unde (xitnglprce nt aveyhihba f a ltga . Fox, F. a 1 37. ee s r e si e de , r g r or ny ii nt' ' 739 3d t 36Appl ng t eprncpl ,t c tc l yi hes i i es he our oncudest tLi nsi no e ild t r le unde ha ggi s t ntte o ei f r Rue6 ( )3 . l s e i t sta iet ej d me tLi gn camst a Bo futi r pel l 0 d ( ) n e kng o e sd h u g n, g i s li h t ufa l mp o ry wihhe d di c r m a e i l f om hi . H ow e r he hasf ie t pr f rs fc e evi nce t t l s ove y t r a s r m ve , a l d o of e ufi i nt de o s uppor t sas e ton. To t e e t c r ntm o i i bas d on t m i e f om t Apr l , t hi s ri he xt nt he ur e ton s e he nut s r he i 21 2008 Sc hoolBoa d m ee i i i undi put t tt m i e w e e ne rr r tng, t s s ed ha he nut s r ve equese i a oft t d n ny he m uli e di c r r ques st tLi ns s it t Bo f ul a he a t ney. Cons quenty, tpl s ove y e t ha ggi ubm ted o uf a t nd r tor e l Bouf a tand he a t ne ca tbe bl m e f rt s o r i ht m uc l s f f ul r tor y nno a d o hi ve s g , h e s ound t ha e ged o ve nga i f a orot e egi co n r ud her gr ous nduc . W hie Li nsdi r ues a c oft ' V D' orû I ' t l ggi d eq t opy he û D ' E SK ' D fom t A prl21 2008 m e tng,he ha no of e e e de e s t c e t pr t ta a o or ' r he i , ei s t f r d vi nc ufi i nt o ove ha ny udi viualr co di w a s ili e s e e t ye r l e ,w he t pa te e ged i di c s e r ng s tl n xi t nc wo a s at r n he r i s nga n s over y. Addii ly,ii wels tldt tmeet ndicl lr ( e de e doe notCmountlt tonal ts l ete ha r t s osze of vi nc l s a no lo a ytigmo eta fa div l n ij r t asngel ia t' F x 7 9F.da 1 7( u t n hn r h n r u n ovig nu y o i l i g n .' o , 3 3 t 3 q oi t ' ng Gl s v.Jnd u ko,860F. 556,560( Ci.1 ). Thus e ni Li nsco dpr t t eaon a r c 2d 2d r 988) , ve f ggi ul ove ha Bouf a tf ie t t n ove r que t d di c r m a e i l ,s c f ul a l d o ur r e s e s ove y t r a s uch onduc w o d notr s t t t ul i e o he lve offaudo t co t See eg.Gr a Coasa Expr s 675F. a 1 ( di t e l r n he ur. . . , e t tl es, 2d t 357 hol ng hat alg to o p ru ya dfb iae e ie c weeis t e t oe tbihfa do tec u t; e le ains f ej r n a rc td v d n e r n uf n t sa ls r u n h o r) s e ki as Likco lc v Na y i i u a 3 7F. p' 1 0 1 2- 8 ( d Ci. 01 )(fimigt lo n .n . . o uk Ak k s , 6 Ap x 8 , 8 1 3 2 r 2 0 atr n he diti c tsde sont tal tonsofo tu tonofdic r a wines pej yti c t srct our' cii ha legai bsr ci s ovey nd t s rur ûndiaed aga du nasn l l ia t ( epanit rt e t a afa du o t Co t n . .c u dn t u po ig e i g n - t litf ah r h n r u p n he ur a d . (o l o j t h l p o e du e Rue6 ( )3 ' (nen l i to a dq oainmakso te ) W e s v. r c e nd r l 0 d ()' itr a ct in n u tto r mitd ; e e ) a Schukma 98F. 542,553( 0hCi.1 ( di t tt pli ifsalgai ofmaeil n, 3d 1 t r 996) hol ng ha he antf le tons tra m i r pr e a i a om i s o by t de e a , i ve i t ue, a s e es nt tons nd s i ns he f nd nt Ce n f r c nnotpr r y be c r t i ed ope l ha ac erz a faudont c l l De v. dM oorCo.959F. pp.2d26 267- ( D. . 2013 sr he ouf'; mw For t , Su 2, 68 N. N Y. ) ( ligt a wi e s rty a dc n e l n o rs nsved cl n sddn tq aiya fa do hodn h t t s peju n o c ame t f epo i o t t i o u lf s ru n n me t c t. he our) Fi l Li nshasf iedt pr t ta a lgedmico naly, ggi al o ove ha ny le s nduc a f c e t out omeofhi t fe t d he c s c s . SeeGupt v. tdStt A'or yGe a,55 F.App' 8 8 ( 1hCi. 4) ae a Unie aes t ne nerl 6 t x 38, 41 1 t r 201 (û nit r ha be ns fce e de et de taefa ont c tt dititc t d ûEve f hee d e ufiint vi nc o monsrt rud he our,he src our di note ri r uii pr t tt c le d out r n eq rng oof ha he hal nge comewa a t ly obt i d t ough - ora l a t s cual ane hr tes i ce by-t alge fa '. TheAprl21 2008Sc Boadmeei wa r l ntonl mpa td he le d rud.) ' i , hool r tng s eeva y t Ligns cam o rc d srmiain o whc Bo f ut rv i do s o g i ' li f a e ici n to , n ih ufa lp e al n umma yj d me t e r u g n. H a ng r vi w ed t m i esf om t Apr l21 2008 m e tng,t c tr m ai c nce t t vi e e he nut r he i , e i he our e ns onvi d ha Bo fa t se tte t s mma yj d me to t a cam, n ta t sne yd so e e u fulwa n i d o u r u g n n h t li a d h t hi wl ic v r d l e de ewoul no ha at r d t e tspr vi de son. Foraloft er s , ggi i vi nc d t ve le e he our' e ous eii 1 hes ea ons Li ns s note il t rle unde Rul 60( ( . ntted o eif r e d)3) I. I Rul 60( ( e d)1) Li ns motonas rfr t Rul 60( () Unde t ss eci ofRul 60,heco t ggi ' i lo ee s o e d)1. r hi ubs ton e t ur hast powe t ( ntrana i pe nta tont rle apat fom aj he r o t e ti n nde nde ci o eive ry r e udgme ,or r o nt de, r 8 d R ci P 6 ( )1. n r e o rvala an if t h w: 1 t a t e p o e d n .2 Fe . . v. . 0 d ( ) I o d rt p e i, plitf mus s o ( ) h t h rce ig ,, . j udgmen i fvoroft defnda tC htno,i e t a goodc ce e, beenf c d'( tn a he e n l oug t n quiy nd onsinc ' ' ore , 2) t theha at ha d t ' li ( t tçfa ac i t o mit 'prve e hi fom obti ngt good'cam; 3)ha lr ud, cden, r sake' e ntd m r ani he be ftofhi cam'( Ihea e eoff torne i nc ' hi pa ta ( It a e eof nei s li , 4) i bs nc aul t glge e'on s r; nd 5)the bs nc a a quaer medy a l w. Gr a Coa t lExpr s , F. a 1 ny de t e t a ' e t sa ' e s 675 2d t 358;s e a s Ase badiv. e lo t r Lets ,1 F. x426,430( hCi. ie s 76 App' 4t r 2006) . Upon r viw oft r or a a i a ec s l w, hec tc l st tLi nsi not e e he ec d nd pplc bl a e a t our oncude ha ggi s e il t rle unde Rul 60( ( ) Fort smeras stf t a ,Li i 'algai ntted o eif r e d)1. he a e ons e orh bove ggns le tons offa dono pr dea uaegr rud t ovi deq t oundsfra i pe e a tonunde Rul 60( () Se o n nde nd nt ci r e d)1 . e Gla onv.J ndr ko,8 F. 556,560( Ci.2008 (ûAllgai ofnondicoszed i es a uc 60 2d 2d r ) ûl le tons s l lr urng pr ti dic ydonotco tt egoundsf a i pe n a to ....t,s eas Gra eral sover nsiut r or n nde nde t cin ;' e lo e t ) Co sa Ex rs , 7 F.da 1 5 (mp a iigta i ru ya dfletsi n a eno g o n s a tl p e s 6 5 2 t 3 8 e h szn h ti j r n as e tmo y r t r u d pe f r i i a i pe ntac i n i t Fourh Cic tf m a oft s m e r as t ta y t or elef n n nde nde t o n he t r ui or ny he a e ons ha ppl o fa d o t ec ufl. M o e v r Li gn h sf i dt s o t a t ealg dfa dp e e tdhm ru n h o l r o e, g i s a al o h w h t h l e ru r v n e i e e fom pr va lng i t i t nta ton,o t the had no a r e ii n he ns a c i r ha dequa e r m edy a l . Se H ot Ent s . t e t aw e i er . L. v. P. GECM C 2007C- Bt e t .LLC,549F. x43,4 ( Ci. 4)(mpha ii t t 1 mzt St. App' 4 2d r 201 e szng ha 2 Li nsdi nota t t pur uea tnde e de t cin'a p o de i Rul 6 d( ) SeeBanker i ggi d tempt o s n : p n n a to ' s r vi d n e 0( )1 s Mo t Co v. tdSae , 2 F.d7 7 - 9(t Ci.1 0 (ç i i ora toe haiet tçn p n n ra. . Uni tts 4 3 2 3, 8 7 5h r 97 ) (t s mp tn t mp sz ha ide e de t e l . ac i 'asus i t scaus wasm e t r ert apr ton, ed n hi l e, ant o ef o ocedur whi hasbeenhit i l known smpl asan e ch sorcaly i y ide nd n a toni e ui t o ti rl ffo aj d nt'; a e v En o No l02 2 2, 011U. n pe e t ci n q t o ban ei rm u gme .l Gls r . z , . : CV1 4 2 y e ' S. DitLEXI 1 6 6 a # ( D. . r 1 2 1 (W nid pe d n ato i e ui i u ual i n w c s -i s. S 5 61 , t 25 E. Va Ap . , 01 ) ç n e n e t cin n q t s s l a e a e n y y tesmec uro a t e c urpo s si u idcin') q o igFil v. h a o t r noh r o t se sngj rs ito .' ( u tn ed GMAC LLC, . 08 9 , 00 ' No 2: CV2 4 2 9 U. DitLEXI 1 5 , t*1( D. .a 30 2 09, f' 3 8F. p' 8 3( t Ci. 00 :. Ev nit S. s. S 27 33 a E. Va J n. , 0 )afd, 2 Ap x 7 4h r 2 9 e fhe i t moton coul be c tue asan i nsant i d onsr d ndepende a ton,t cour concl t Li nsi notentte t nt c i he t udes hat ggi s ild o r lef ei . 9 teSalr t rieafa dcam wi no ey a u d rRu e6 ( )3 p e ld sal ia tfo h ç it e o a s r u li t n e r n e l 0 b ( ) rcu e i g n r m f t hi t ale ngt tt s mefa e ilsit e tbl r if( rRul 60( ( ) a e lgi ha he n rud ntte t o quia e ele unde e d)1j bsnt e ror na ycic tnc ' . Ac or ngy, ggi i no e il t r lefund Rul 60( ( ) xta di r rumsa es' ) c di l Li ns s t ntted o ei er e d)1 . C oncl on usi Fo t er a o sae , g i s moinf rrle fo j d me t lb d ne . The r h e s ns ttd Li gn ' to o eif r m u g n wil e e id Cl r i die t d t s ndc rii co e oft sm e a e k s r c e o e e tfed pi s hi mor ndum opi o a t a companyi or r ni n nd he c ng de t al c ns lofr c d. o l ou e e or ENTER:Thi tJ X da ofN ove r 201 s ' y mbe , 4. Chi Unied St t sDititJ ef t a e src udge 10
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