DM et al v. Louisa County Department of Human Services et al, No. 3:2016cv00005 - Document 19 (W.D. Va. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/8/16. (hnw)
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ct s OFFI u.:. ZX QQQRT EM CE DC AT ROANOKQ,VA FIED L J 23 2 1 UL 96 I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN D I STRI O F V I GI I CT R N A CHA RLO TTESVI LLE D I I ON V SI J UL DU LEY CLERK B ;? Y D( ,e a . M t 1, Ci lA c i N o.3: CV vi ton 16- 00005 Pl i i f , a ntf s M E M O M N D U M O PI I N N O LOUI COUNTY DEPARTM ENT SA OF HUM AN SERVI CES,e a . t l, H on. l n E.Co a Ge nr d Chi fUnied St t Diti tJt e e t aes src tdg Dee ns f nda t . Pl i if fl t sa ton a ns de e nt Louia Coun y De rme ofHlm a antfs ied hi c i gai t f nda s s t pa t nt l n Se vc s(heI e rme )a VikeNetr al i camsunde 42 U. C.j1 3a sae r ie t r pa t nf' nd c se, legng li r S. 98 nd tt lw.The c s i pr s nty be or t co ton de e n s'moton t dim is Fort f l ng a a e s e e l f e he ur f nda t i o s s. he olowi r a ons t c twilg a t m oton. e s , he our l r nt he i Fact Bac ound uàl ker Thef l ng f c s t ke fom pl n if 'c olowi a t , a n r aitf s ompli ,a e a ce e a tu f rpur e of ant r c pt d s r e o pos s t emoint ds s .S eErc s nv. r us 5 U. 8 , 4 ( 0 ) h t o imis e ik o Pa d , 51 S. 9 9 20 7 . o Pli ifDM i am i ra t ado e c l ofpl i if J a AER.Be wee 2006 antf s no nd he pt d hid antfs R nd t n a 20 DM wa s xualya e byhi bit mot rs(& B' boyfind,Da elG ufy' nd 09, s e l bus d s rh he ' ; ' re M ) ni t f ' Fl Deas i. wasbew e n t a off a s ve a t tm eoft a e a lve wih l hm t DM t e he ges our nd e n t hç i he bus nd i d t M B,Del s i,a t i r m a e J c W iln s. h M B a W ila sw e e a a e oft a hm t nd he r oom t , a ob li m Bot nd li m r w r he DM et al v. Louisa County Department of Human Services et al Doc. 19 a e butdi no r por i t t au horte orty t s o i. e a hm i t d D M t the w oul bus , d t e t t o he t ii s l o t p t D l s t ol ' ha d kilhi i he e rr ve l d t a e t a ne. l m f ve e a e he bus o nyo I 2009, he D e r m en i tga e M B f r s pe t d c l a e a neg e t On n t pa t t nves i t d o us c e hid bus nd l c . D e m be 7,2009,t D e rm e r m ove D M f o M B' c t a pl c d hi i f t r ce r he pa t nt e d rm s us ody nd a e m n ose Dockets.Justia.com c r wih J a AER,whoeve u l a t d DM . a e t R nd nt aly dop e The ea t r D M r vea e t s xua a e t J a A ER, ho r pored i t t r fe , e l d he e l bus o R nd w e t t o he De me on Nove be 23, 0. J nua y 24,2011 t De rme f md t tt s xua pm nt m r 201 On a r , he pa t nt ot ha he e l a us alg to a an t ls miweet7 u d d Le l1 S x l u eo ( . Co l! b e l ains g is Deah t r t o n e , ve , e ua Ab s f DM)' mp . e l ' 41. l hm i wa gi n awrte diposto o hi c s a ano i eofhi rgh t a a t Deas t s ve itn s ii n f s a e nd tc s i t o ppe l he fndi ;De a hmi di notfl a a al i ngs l s t d ie n ppe . D M r q r d ongoi c e uie ng ouns lng t he p hi co w ih e otona t a a asa r ul of e i o l m pe t m i l r um es t t a e. one poi durng a c m s lng s s on, a i r ve e t the ha bee s xua l he bus At nt i ot e i es i he ga n e al d ha d n e ly a ed.Thec ms l rr pore t a et t De m e on Fe u y 23,201 The bus ot e o e td he bus o he pm nt br ar 3. De rme s ntDeas i am i tnno i r ga di t al ga i On Aprl1 2013, he pa t nt e l hm t te tce e r ng he le ton. i 4, t De me f mdt tt s xua a ealegai nsagans De a hm i wer tf t de ' nd s nt pm nt ot ha he e l bus l to i t l s t e som d'a e Deah t wrte d cso lte .d. 5 . ls mia itn e iin elr I ! 3 O n Apr l23,201 D e a hm i a W ila s r que t t tt D e rm e pr det m i 3, l s t nd li m e s ed ha he pa t nt ovi he wih a1r c dsc er ng DM ' s xua a ea lga i .Be wee Aprl23, 3 a J of t 1 e or onc ni s e l bus le tons t n i 201 nd une 201 t D e rm e t r d ove s ve a doct ne st D e as i and W ila s Spe ii a l 3, he pa t nt u ne r e rl u nt o l hm t li m . c f c ly, pl i if a l ge t tt unr dac ed m a e i l c t i d t i pe s a ntf s le ha he e t t ra s on a ne he r r onali or a i a w e las nf m ton, s l i or ton r a di J a AER' fvec l e t nn e oft i vi l who r pored t nf ma i eg r ng R nd S i hidr n, he m s he ndi dua s e t he s xua a e alega i nst t D e r m e ,de ais r r ng t na u e oft c e l bus l to o he pa t nt t l ega di he t r he ouns lng ei s r c pr de t DM , ' s xua a ealega i ,a s i s c iy ntmbe sf va i e vies ovi d o DM s e l bus l tons nd ocal e urt l r or rous i vi ua s On M a 6, 3, i ke N e t r w ho w o ke a a U ni M a ge a t D e rm e , ndi d l . y 201 V c se , r d s t na r t he pa t nt a s d A ER t D e a hm i a W iln s ha r e ved c r a n r or pe t i ng t t s xua dvi e hat l s t nd li m d ec i e t i ec ds r a ni o he e l a e a l ga i . ur ng t tc bus le tons D i ha onve s ton,A ER e es e he c rai xpr s d r once nsw ih t di c os e but r t he s l ur , Netra s t tt pr ciewa G ma. 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C.j1983a saelw. cf l pli if cam t tt ywee lgi oltons S. nd tt a Spe ikaly, antfs li ha he r de i d oft i rghtt prvac unde t Foure nt Am e e t aswe la f de a,sa e, prve her i o i y r he te h ndm nl s e r l tt a d c mmo lw- b t et u h rz dds l s r o c n ie ta if r to t u t )a dt n o n a y h ma t o ie ico u e f o fd n iln o mai n co n 1 n he u a t o ie ds lsleo t ec n e t o c ida us rpo t gr c r s( u t 1. anif as n u h rz d ico t f h o tns f h l b e e ri e o d Co n 1) Plitfs lo r n as e ta c ai t de t Gove n e D a a Cole ton a D i s m i ton Pr c i esA c , i g ni s r l m m r he r m nt t l c i nd s e na i a tc tV r i a Co ej2.- 0 g s q t u t 1) Pli tfss e c mp nstr a dp ntved ma e i t d 2 38 0 l e . co n 11. anif e k o e ao y n u ii n g s n he a u t f$ 9 ,0 0 , r-a dp t u g n itrs u d rVignalw,n u cier l f mo n o 6 00 0.0 p e n os- d me t n ee t n e r ii a ij n tv ei , j e a t ne sf sa c t,a a ohe a opraer le .On Fe a y 23,201 def nda s tor y' ee nd oss nd ny t r ppr it ei f bnz r 6, e nt fld amoi nt d s s tec mp an p ls a tt Ru e1 ( )6 o t eFe ea Rue o Cii ie to o imis h o lit t u n o l 2 b ( ) f h d rl ls f v l r Pr ed e Theco t d ahe i on M a 1 201 gr nt d t moton t dim isi pa t a oc ur . ur hel arng y 3, 6, a e he i o s s n r, nd dimis d pli tf s c am sagans t De rm e . c tt t c am sa i tNe tr s s e a n if ' l i i t he pa t nt The our ook he l i gans se unde a s m e a al r dvie nt nd lowedt pa test fl s e nt la hort ast pli tfs'c am s he ri o ie uppl me a ut iy o a n if l i unde j1 Themoinha bee f lyb if a i now rpefrdiposton. r 983. to s n ' l reed nd s u i o s ii St andar ofR e e d vi w Rul 1 b)6)oft Fe r Rul ofCi lPr ed epemisaparyt movef e 2( ( he deal es vi oc m r t t o or dimis lofacompl ntf f lzet sa eacli upon whih r i c n begr nt d.To s wi s sa ai or ailr o tt am c elef a a e ul ve di m i s lf f l e t s a e a c a m ,a pl ntf m us esabls l a i pl us biiy' by pl adi s s a or aiur o t t l i ai i f t t i h s c al a i lt ' f e ng ç a t c t ntt ta l st c t o dr w t r a o bl i e e e t tt de e nti la e l c ual on e ha low he our t a he e s na e nf r nc ha he f nda s i bl f f rtemic n u t l g d. As co t Iba, 5 U. 6 2 6 8( 0 9 .nr ln o a1 ( )6 o h s o d c al e ' h r f v. u l 5 6 S. 6 , 7 2 0 ) l ui g n 2 b ( ) e ' m oto alwelplade a lga i i t c pli ta et ke a t'e a al r s na ef mal i n, 1 l- e d le tons n he om a n r a n s l nd 1 ea o bl ac u i e e sa edr wn i t pl ntf ' f vo . nf r nce r a n he ai ifs a r Edwa dsv.Ciy ofGol bor 1 F. 231 244 r t ds o, 78 3d , (t Ci. 9 9 . we r Gatb to ap an ifmu ttu e( r camsa r s t eln fo 4h r 1 9 ) Ho ve,ç q o tm, litf s n dg he) li co s h ie r m l c eva et plusbl t r ss dimi s l'W agM or Doas LLC v.Coz r,680 F. 359, onc i bl o a i e' o e it s s a .' e . at 3d 3 4 6 ( t Ci. 01 )( u tn BelAt. r . . mbv, 5 U. 5 4 5 ( 0 7 ) The 6 - 5 4h r 2 2 q oi g l lCo p v Two l 5 0 S. 4 , 70 2 0 ). c pl i m us c a n s fc e f t t o r i e a rghtt r le a vet s ul tve l vel' nd om a nt t ont i uf i i nt ac s t a s i o e i f bo he pec a i e ' a t G t t a cl i t r le t ti pl us bl on isf e. Twom bl 550 U . a 555,570. lho h a l a e a m o e i f ha s a i e s t ac ' ' y, S. t A t ug c ompl i ne d notcon ai de al d f c ta alegai ns i mus c a n mor t n (lbe sa ant e t n t ie a tz l l to ,t t onti e ha Ea l nd c l i ' a ç f r ul cr iai n oft e e onc usons' nd ç o m ai ectto a he l ment ofac us ofa ton wilnotdo. 1 at s a e ci l ' d. ' 5 5 l c n iei aRue 1 ( ( ) to t ec u t y c n ie e hiisatc e t o 5 . n o sd rng l 2b)6 moin,h o r ma o sd r x bt ta h d o r rfre t i t c mplit Se Phli v LCII tlI c,1 0F.d6 9 61 ( t Ci.1 9 ) eer d o n he o an. e il . ps n '. n . 9 3 0 , 8 4h r 9 9 . D i cussi s on Nese movest dim ist c pli ,a g ng t tpl n if ha f ie t sae a tr o s s he om a nt r ui ha aitfs ve a ld o t t plusbl cli unde j1 3,a t ts i e ildt quaiidi a i e am r 98 nd ha he s ntte o lfe mmuniy. saeac us of t To tt a e a tonunde j1 3, plitf mus etbls t theha be n de i dofarg guaa e by ci r 98 a anif t sa ih ha s e prve iht rnted t Consi i orlwsoft Unie St t sa t tt sde i ton r ule fom c nduc he tmton a he t d a e nd ha hi prva i es t d r o t c mmitdb apes n a tn t e c lro saelw. etv At i , 7U. 4 , 8( 9 8 .f o te y ro cig md r oo f tt a W s . kns 48 S. 2 4 1 8 ) I t r i novi ain ofafde a rg ,t r i noba i f aj1 3acin.Clr v. nk,855 hee s olto e r l iht he e s ss or 98 to ak Li F.d 1 6 1 (t Ci. 9 8 . 2 5 , 61 4 h r 1 8 ) H e e, di cl i t unr dac e r or t D e a hm i a W ila s pl ntf sco e r by s os ng he e t d ec ds o l s t nd li m , ai i f nt nd t tN e t rvi a e t rr g t prvac a gua a e by t D ue Pr s Cl us oft ha s e ol t d hei i ht o i y s r nt ed he oce s a e he Four e nt A m e m e ,a w el asf de a ,s a e,a c m on l w . te h nd nt s l e r l t t nd om a The Supr m e Cour oft e t he U nie St t sha s a ed t tt r i no tge r lr g t prva y' i t U nied St t t d a e s t t ha he e s i ne a i ht o i c ' n he t a es 4 Co si in b t h thi ae i Ge ta g l t t e1w o t ei dvd a gqae . Kazv n tmto , u t a t s ra s t f lr ey o h a f h n iiu l stts' t . l ' UntdS ae , 8 U. 3 7, 5 ( 9 7 . v rh ls ,heSu e Co r h ssl rz dis i tts 3 9 S. 4 3 1 1 6 ) Ne e tee s t prme u t a l e mmaie t p i c u ip d nc it t E o so p i a y'( )Cn iiua itr s i a o dn ds l s r rva yj rs nze e n o wo s ne f rv c ': 1 ç dv d ln ee t n v i ig ico u e z i o p ro a matry a d ()th itr s i i e n e c i madngc rank n so i o tn f es n l tes' n 2 t e n ee t n nd pe d n e n l e ti i d f mp ra t ' t d cso s'W h lnv. e 4 U. 5 9 5 9 6 0( 9 7 . es c n itr s h sç o n td e iin . ae Ro , 29 S. 8 , 9 - 0 1 7 ) Th e o d n ee t a s miae ' d t S p e Co r' p i c c s s'Ad msv. e 9 6F. p 1 5 ,1 5 ( D. .1 9 ) he u rme u t rva y a e . a s ' Drw, 0 Su p. 0 0 0 4 E. Va 9 5 . A lho h t r i no cl arr e f t s ope oft fr ti e es ,t Supr m e Cour ha t ug he e s e ul or he c he is nt r t he e t s sa e t tt pe s na rg sg r nt e t rt rg t prva y t us belm ie t t e tt d ha he r o l i ht ua a e d mde he i ht o i c û t i t d o hos m whih a ef ndn e alori i i i t conc ptofo de e lbe t 'Pa v. vi , U . c r u m nt mplct n he e r r d i ry. ul Da s 424 S. ' 6 3 71 ( 9 6 (n en lq oainmakso te ) I a dto t eUnie S ae Co r o 9 , 3 1 7 ) itr a u tto r mitd . n d iin,h td tts u t f A ppe l f t Fo t Ci c thaslm ied t c tt i lr gh t pr va y t m a tr a s or he ur h r ui i t he ons iutona i t o i c o te s co e ni m a age c r c pton, n iy r l tons ps a c l r rng a e nc r ng ni , ont a e i f m l e a i hi , nd hid ea i nd duca i n.W a l to ls v. t o Pees mx, 9 F.d 1 8 1 2(t Ci. 9 0 ; e as Untd Sae v M c li, 3 Ciy f trb 8 5 2 8 , 9 4h r 1 9 ) s e lo ie tts . Fi n 71 l F.d5 , 0(t Ci. 9 1 (o dn ta ac n ttto a rg tt p ia yi ( r p o el r ie 2 7 6 4h r 1 8 ) h l ig h t o si in l ih o rv c s G e r p ry as d u mo i t r l o bit deah,ntm aer ltons ps e to ofc l r n,fe e r s ofr lgi n he eam f rh, t i i t ea i hi , ducai n hid e r e xe cie e i on a ot rr g s o a s a i t i r s on upon w hi h a f c sa e s nta com pone ofa nd he i ht f s oci ton he nt u i c fe t n s e il nt pes n' dg iy'. Fo rhCic t a f rhe sae ta dp e s na, rv t i fr to i ro s int ' Thq u t ruih s u t r ttd h t ç lro lp iae n o main n ) g whih a i vi lha ar as bl e c ai n ofc i nta iy i pr e t by o s c n ndi dua s e ona e xpe tto onfde ilt s otc ed ne' c ttto lrghtt prva 'W al,8 F. a 19 Ass h,çgj mor i i t orpes l onsiuina i o i cy.' ls 95 2d t 2. uc ithe e ntmae rona t i o ton,hemor j tfedi t e cai t tiwilnotbes j c t publc he nfnnai t e usii s he xpe tton ha t l ub e t o i s r tny. 1 c u i ' d. ' Theco ttndst tpli if ha fie t ale acog za ej 1 cai a i t ur i ha antfs ve ald o lge ni bl 983 l m gans N e t rbe us t y ha nots f c e l alege a c tt i s e ca e he vè uf i i nty l d ons iutonalrghtt pr va y i t i o i c n he 5 i or ton dic os t Deas ta W ilams1I t s c e, t i or ton t tpl i if nf ma i s l ed o l hmi nd li . n hi as he nf ma i ha antfs al ge wa pr t c e i l le d s o e t d ncudednn , mes physca add e s ,e a la es es bit da e ,deais i l r s es m i ddr s , rh t s t l a l a i ofD M ' cot s lng s s i ,de a l ofDM ' s xua a e ac us tons a s i nd oc ton s m e i e s ons t is s e l bus c a i , nd oc al s urt num be s Thecour doe notbele t tt si or ton i wihi a zo ofprva ec iy r. t s ive ha hi nf ma i s t n ny ne i cy, a c t mplt d byt Supr s on e a e he eme Cour a t Fourh Cic t t nd he t r ui. Asa i ta ma tr t c tnot st tç hequesi i notwhe he i vi sr ga d n nii l te , he our e ha s t ton s t r ndi dual e r (h s if r to a o the ev sa p i t, o t e sleyd , u wh t r h Co ttto t i) n o main b u t ms le s rvae f r h y t l o b t ehe t e nsiuin r pr t c s s h i o m a i ' A da s 906 F.Supp.a 1 7. st t pe s lc ac i o m a i o e t uc nf r ton. ' m , t 05 A o he r ona ont t nf r ton, t co tc nnotc l t ts h i or to i pr t c e t d t na ow c tt tona rght he ur n oncude ha uc nf mai n s o e t d m er he n' onsiu i l i t prvac l W a l, heFourh Cic tc l d t tt r i no r s bl e pe t ton of o i y. n ls t t r ui oncude ha he e s ea ona e x c a i prva y i i or ton t ti a ia ewihi publcr c ds 895 F. a 193. n a t rca e i c n nf mai ha s va lbl t n i e or . 2d t I no he s , t Co tno e t tt i onnai n f he ur t d ha he nf to ound i mot ve c er cor i t t r s r of n or hil e ds s he s y o t ve i or ai n t whi h i vi l do notha ar s bl e c a i ofprva y. Co n v. nf m to o c ndi dua s ve ea ona e xpe t ton i c ' ndo ' Re o 1 5F.d45 , 4 (t Ci. 9 ) rv' o oh rc o n s 5 8U. '41( 0 0 . ec u t n , 5 3 3 46 4 h r 1 98 ,e d n t e r u d , 2 S.1 2 0 )Th o r be i ve t tt ski ofi onna i ce t i y i l le s ha hi nd nf ton ra nl nc udesna e , m s phys c a es e ,e a l i al ddr s s m i a es e , e e ddr s s t l phonenum be s a bit daes whih a ea s çc r , nd rh t , c r l o tomm onl pr vi d t prva e y o de o i t pa te .' d.a 465.Ass h,t c ti notpe s de t tpl i if 'ha ac tt i na rg ris'I t uc he our s rua d ha antfs ve onsiuto l i ht t prva y i t i pe s o i c n he r r onalc a ti or a i ont c nf m ton. A st t m e c i or a i s c f c ly t na tr a l ton ofDM ' c m s lng o he di al nf m ton, pe ii a l he tle nd oca i s ot e i s s i ns t c rtd sno be i ve t tt r i a fm dn e alrghtt prvac i s h e s o , he ou oe t le ha he e s l m nt i o i y n uc i onna i n. s one di ti tcour s a e E he e i no Supr m e Cour de l r ton t ta nf to A sr c t t t d, l r s t e t c a a i ha n i vi l sco i nta m e c li o m a i f lsw ihi a c tm tora l pr t c e G ne of ndi dua ' nf de i l di a nf r ton a l t n ons i i f ly o e t d zo 1 Be aus t co tconcudest tpl ntfs compl ntdoe no plusbl demonsr t ac tm to lrght c e he ur l ha ai if ' ai s t a iy tae onsi ina i ta i e fre bet e j 1 3,t e n t ic s wh te Netri e tte t q aiidi ni . h ts no c a l md r 98 ined o dsu s eh r se s nild o u l e mmu t f y p ia y.' h r nv. o e , 5 F. u p. d4 0 4 2 ( D. . 0 ) l W h ln teplitfs rv c ' S e ma J n s 2 8 S p 2 4 , 4 E. Va 20 3 .n ae ,h anif ' a gue t tt y ha ac tt i rgh t prva y i t i mediali or a i 429 U. a r d ha he d onsiutonal i t o i c n he r c nf m ton. S. t 598.W iho de i ng whehe t pl i if ha s h arg , he Supr m e Cour i t d f t ut c di t r he antfs d uc i ht t e t nsea ound t tt sa elw a is wo d notlkel r s ti publc dis nato oft pli if 'm e ca ha he tt a t sue ul i y e ul n i s emi i n he antfs di l i or ton a t r f e c dnotc tt t an i i n o a pr t ct rghtunde t nf ma i nd, he e or , oul onsiu e nvaso f ny o e ed i r he Foure nt Ame ntJ a 600 0 Ast FourhCic tpr e ntEheFourh Cic tha te h ndme .. t - 2. o Z t r ui ec de ,t t t rui s a s de i i ttonst de lr aconsiutona rghtt prva i one' pe s lo clned nvia i o c a e tt i l i o i cy n s r onalmedial c i onnai '258F. nf ton. ' Supp.2d a 443.Furher e,dititc t wili t Fourh Cic tha t t mor src ours tln he t r ui ve f undt tal d vi a i off de allwst tc e t co i ntalt o m e c lr c ds o ha lege oltons e r a ha onc m he nfde i iy f di a e or aenota tona eunde j1983.Se eg.Swiz v. r ci bl r es . , ter Thomas No.5:2CV00056,201 W L , 1 3 6 3 9 , t* ( . Va Fe 25 20 3 ( es , ., e o t ndr c mme ain a o td No. 9 0 0 a 3 W D. . b. , 1 ) W lh J)r p r a e o nd to d pe , 5:2 0 5 , 01 W L 1 45 6 ( . Va M a . 9, 01 )( b n k , ., f 5 5F. p' 1 CV0 0 6 2 3 1 8 4 W D. . r 1 2 3 Ur a s iJ) afd, 3 Ap x 31 ( t Ci. 3 (s n eHI AA ce tsn p i t c u eo a to a dsn ete ei n 2 4h r 201 ) t i c P t r ae o rvae a s f cin n ic h r s o f ndn e >lrghtofprva y i pe s na m e ca i o ma i no cog z bl c eofa ton has u m nt i i c n r o l di l nf r ton, nia e aus ci b e sae a ans Eh d f n a t. W ila v. o e , . :7 CV- 4 7 MBS GCK, 0 e n ttd g i t t e ee d nl' lims J n s No 90 - 3 3 - ); 20 8 W L 9 28 , t* ( S. Ap . , 0 )($ u d rine c n tds e narg t d rHI AA 48 5 a 5 D. C. r 4 2 08 d The n esg d a no ic r ih un e P t theplitf c ul e f r ep s n t j 1 8 .) Ev ni ti c u t o l fn t th r i a ha t an if o d n o c urua t o 9 3'. e f h s o r c u d i d ha te e s ' fmdn e alrghtt prvac i m e ca i br ton, he s ii ma e i l t tN e trpr vi d t m nt i o i y n di l nt ma i t pecfc t ra s ha se o de t Del s i a W iln sm er l . a e t tone oft i vi s who r pored D M ' s xua o a hm t nd li m e y s t d ha t he ndi dual e t se l a e a l to t t D e m e w a DM ' t r pit a t tD M w a pm i i tng i bus lega i ns o he pm nt s s he a s , nd ha s c pa i n c u eigs si n t d e i t ep o e so h ai atrs fe iga us a dn g e t'Co l! o nsln e so s o d gn h r c s f e l fe u frn b e n e lc. mp . b ng ' 66. The c t snotbe i ve t ts h i o m a i i a çe s nt a c pone ' ofpl ntf s our doe le ha uc nf r ton s n t s e i l om nt' ai i f ' di t orf l w ihi t na r w c t r e t tr c ve c ns iutonalpr ec i The e o e t gniy als t n he r o a ego i s ha e ei o tt i ot ton. r f r , he c r co l st tpl i if 'donotha a fmdn e a rghtt prva y i t smed c ou t ncude ha antfs ve t m ntl i o i c n hi i al i or aton. nf m i Ast t de al ofDM ' s xuala ealegai ns t c t i ve t ts h o he t is se bus l to , he our bele s ha uc i onuaton i alono c tt i lypr t c e unde a rghtt prvac pos e s b nf i s s t onsim onal o e t d r ny i o i y s s ed y pli if To t e e t tpl i if r l on t saut y a r ult r s he ec e i t a ntfs. he xt nt ha antfs ey he t t or nd eg a o y c m onc m ng he c i nt a iy ofc l a e r co ds a a ba i f rt i r a ona e e c a i n ofpr va y i onf de i lt hid bus e r s s s o he r e s bl xpe t t o i c n s h i bnna i t c u'bei ve t ts a gum e ti wiho me i. n f t whe uc nt ton, he ot t le s ha uch r n s t ut rt l ac , n c i rngt rg t prva y i ali vi lspr c i i n d gus t Supr m eCour onsde i he i ht o i c n t ndi dua ' es rpto nl e, he e t notdt tIgq rg t colec a us s hdaaf publcpup os i t c l ac ompa ed e ha ithe iht o l t nd e uc t or i es s ypialy c ni by ac onco ia sa tor orr ult r d y t a d unwa r nt d dic os es' W ha e 429 m t nt ttz y eg a o y ut o voi t ra e s l ur . ' l n, U. a 605.The Co t e gni e t tKi s m ecic sa est tdut a gua y ha isr t i S. t ur r co z d ha fn o r um t nc ha y r bl d t oo s n t Co tt i 'butuli ael f he nsiuton,' tm t y oundt tt sae' ç tt o y s he a isi e ntng ha he t t s ç a ut r c me, nd t mpl me i s a i sr tvepr dur ,e de e apr rco e n wih,a pr eci of t i vi ua' dm nita i oce es vi nc ope nc r t nd ot ton , he ndi d l s itrs i p ia y. I . eFo rh Cic iha as n tdta 'wq e t r a ep e a to t n ee tn rv c ' d Th u t rut s lo o e h t ç h n hee r rc uins o ' g pr ve t ra e dicl m e a i vi lsprva y i e es i wea ned.' al ,8 F. a e nt mwa r nt d s os , n ndi dua ' i c nt r t s ke 'W ls 95 2d t 1 4.nasmia c s ,h F u t Cic i h l t a teewa n c nsi to a ij r i t 9 l i lr a e te o rh rut ed h t h r s o o tt in lnu y n he u co nsde i lm ant na ofG ubsa it d'orû ld out'c l a ei si a i n r po t. nta i e nce l uns t nta e ' i e nz ' hid bus nve tg to e rs Ho R v J ne , lF.d 1 7 1 7( t Ci.1 9 ) Th Co r, u t W h ln n tdta te d e . o s 3 3 5 , 6 4h r 9 4 . e u tq oi ng ae , oe h t h sa e' s>ut r s he pr pe l pr e t t pl i if prvac c tt s t t o y c me o ry ot ced he antfs' i y once ns a t ,tde lne r , nd, hus i c i d t G xpa t pe o t nd he numbr lprva y rg sbe e a i c i ht yond t fxe bounda isofesa ihe pr c nt' he i d re t bls d e ede . ' I a 1 67;s ealoAda ,906F. p.a 1 (E erl bec us a i ee ti pr e td d. t 66- e s ms Sup t 057 GMl ey a e n ntrs s otce b t lgsau ed e n tme nta i i as s fg a d db teDueP o e sC1us .) Th y he e ilt r o s o a h t t s lo ae u r e y h r c s a e' . e ' Cour f rhe e ane t tt s c l a ei si a i r porswe eno a e sbl t t t u t r xpl i d ha he e hid bus nve tg tve e t r t cc s i e o he ge a publc a t tt rs ofneg i ntori o ry- o i t d di cos eçc r by is l ner l i , nd ha he ik lge mpr pe l m tva e s l ur lamot t ef i plc t ac tt i na prva y rg .' d. t1 m i a e onsiuto l i c i ht'I a 66. l lg oft spr e nt t c tbe ivest tt e se ofa e e i saut r n i ht hi ec de , he our le ha he xit nce n xt nsve t t o y a r gult r s he i Vigila whih ade t l pr e t t c i ntalt ofc l a e nd e a o y c me n r ri , c qua ey ot c s he onfde i iy hid bus i si a i r co ds we nspli tf s a g e t tt y ha afmda e a rg t prva y nve tg ton e r , ake a n if ' r um nt ha he ve t m nt l i ht o i c i s ma e il .l o he wor ,s h a e e i l giltve s he woul bes rl usi n uch t ra s n t r ds uc n xt nsve e sa i c me d upe tuo f i vi uasha ac tt i lrghtt prva y i pr ve lg dicl ur s h doc l e s ndi d l d onsiutona i o i c n e nt s os e uc tm nt. M or ve , heco tnot t tVigi a' Ad i sr tveCodealowsf rt eagans whom eo r t ur es ha r ni s m nitai l o hos i t al gai nsofc l a e a em a t a ce sç r o li br ton r l t t hi s l whih i le to hid bus r de o c s û s na nf ma i e aed o m ef c s pe c t ne i t c er co d. 22Va. onai d n he as e r ' ' Admi Codej40- 1 Alhought c tsno n. 705-60. t he our i t a r ofa aut iyt tha i e pr t t plr e ( r ona i or to r a e t hi ef' wa e ny hort ha s ntr eed he las t s l nf ma i n elt d o ms l, pe ' t c tbe i ve t tt s ii a l a i m ade ag ns t a c ed c d f l t de t s he our le s ha he pec f c leg tons ai t he c us oul a l m r hi lnguag whi h wo d f rhe wea n anyrghtt prva y pl i if mi ha i s h a e, c ul u t r ke i o i c antfs' ght ve n uc i onna i Thus t c tdoe no be ivet tpl i if ha sa ed aplusbl c tt i nf ton. , he our s t le ha antfs ve tt a i e onsiutonal prva y i t r ti t deaiss r i c n e es n he t l uroundi DM ' s xuala ea lgai ns ng se bus le to . Fi ly,a t t s a s urt nlm be s t c tt nal s o he ocil ec iy l r , he otr doesnotbei vet ts h i or ton le ha uc nf ma i i e il t c tt i na pr e ton t ra r c ze rg t prva y. a i talm a tr s ntted o onsim o l ot c i mde ny e ogni d i ht o i c As n nii te , t c r not t tt co aitmer l sa e t tN e t rdicl e t s als c iy numbe s he ou t es ha he mpl n ey t t s ha se s os d he oci e urt r o ç tp ep ris'b td e n ts cf wh t e p an if aei lde i t sg o p. mp . f ç il a t , u o s o pe iy eh r litfs r ncu d n hi r u Co l! mul e ' 1 w) Theeor t c tsuna et c l t tplitfsha sae aconsiui l 32( . rf e,he our i bl o oncude ha anif ve ttd tttona prvac i e e ti t i s i ls c z iy num be s A lhough t Four h Cic thasno e t tt r i y nt r s n he r oc a e lr t r. t he t r ui t d ha he e i t r s ofa ( e i usi s on ofprvac 't tco d r s tf o t di c os e ofa s he ik t r o nva i s i y' ha ul e ul r m he s l m n i vi ' s i ls c iy numbe , he Co tdi note i il fnd t ti vi uasha a ndi duals oc a e urt rt ur d xplcty i ha ndi d l ve n 9 e or ea erg t prva y i t i s ils c iy nlmbe .Gr i nc rv.Da s 988 F. 1 44, nf c bl iht o i c n he r oca e urt l r e di e vi, 2d 3 1 5 ( t Ci. 9 3 .nf c,i ec n e to ta ds l s r o o ' go il e t iy a c un 3 4 4h r 1 9 ) I a tlh o tn in h t ico u e f nes s ca s cl t j c o t t r n mb rviltst erg tt p ia yh sb e c n itn l rj cgd i oh rr ltdc n e t. u e oae h ih o rv c a e n o sse ty ee te j n te eae o tx s' ' N. e rlKa lrv. wad 3 3F. p 2 6 5 6 9( . N. ) afds n m. se v. C. x e. se Ho r , 2 Su p. d 7 , 7 W D. C., f ub o Ka lr Ho r , 8F. p' 2 ( t Ci. 0 3 (u tn M c r t v. l a o 61 F.d4 4 4 (t wa d 7 Ap x 31 4h r 2 0 ) q o ig Elah Cai n , 5 2 3 , 41 7h f Ci. ). c ta knowl st tmos dititco t whoha c i rdt sis wee r1980) The our c edge ha t src urs ve onsdee hi sue r f e wih st tonsi whi h t pli ifwa r quie t dicl ehi orhe s i ls c liy ac d t iuai n c he antf s e r d o s os s r oc a e trt num be t asa eage y,r t rt nt d s l ur oft i or to byt age is l. r o tt nc a he ha he i cos e he nf ma i n he ncy tef Ne rhees ,t c tbeleve t tt sf c a ditnc i i i i fc ntf risde e mi to ve t l s he our i s ha hi a m l si ton s nsgnii a o t t r nai n t tt r i no f ndn e alrg t pdvac i o ' s i ls c liy num be . r f e, heco t ha he e s u m nt i ht o y n ne s oc a e trt r The e or t ur concudest tpl i if ha f l t de o taet tt y ha apr e t d rg t prvac i l ha antfs ve aied o m nsr t ha he ve ot c e i ht o i y n t i s i ls c iy num be s her oc a e urt r. Alhoug t co tr cogni st s nstvena t eoft s m a e i l,i doe no be ive t h he ur e ze he e ii tl r he e t ras t s t le t tpl i if 'r ghtt pr vac i pr ven i t di c os e ofpe s na m a t r e e t s h ha a ntf s i o i y n e tng he s l m r o l te s xt nds o uc i or ton,a e c e ra hort f o t Fourh Cic torSupr me Cour. s h, hec t nf ma i bs nt l a ut iy r m he t r ui e t As uc t our c n l d st a p an if h v f ie t saeaplu il cam u e j1 8 . emo int o cu e h t litfs a e ald o tt a sb e li nd r 9 3 Th to o di m i s wilbe g a ed w ih r pe tt Count 1a I . s s l r nt t es c o s nd l To t e e t tpl i if a g t tt y ha arghtt r c r unde sa elw ,he he xtnt ha antfs r ue ha he ve i o e ove y r tt a t c u t c od n l d ci st e e cs s p e na j rs ito o e a ys c cam. e 28 o r a c r i gy e l o x r ie u plme tlu id cin v r n u h li S e ne U. C. 1 6 c ()(r viigt tadsrc c u t yd ciet e ries p lme t l S. j 3 7()3 p o dn ha itit o r ma e l o xecs u p e n a n j idcini iha ds se a1 li o e wh c iha o iia j rs cin . an Vigri m s ito f t s imis d l cams v r ih t s rgn lu idito ) Ag i, r i a l hasi pl m e ed a e e i l gi l tve s he e i o de t pr t c t c i i lt ofc l m e nt n xt ns ve e s a i c m n r r o o e t he onfdenta iy hid a us iv siainr c r s I t eitr s o c miy tec u t l n titre tis l it a b e n etg to e o d .n h n ee t f o t ,h o r wil o n ej c tef n o n ae t a i t ef c o s v r l tt lwsa dr g lto s Se Ho g s 31F.da 1 7(o dn ra h t s h o us f e ea sae a n e uain . e d e , 3 t 6 h l ig t tt co tç ilno i e f r w ih t s a e s c e r t e f t t i pl m e ta o dery a ha he ur l l t nt r e e t he t t ' onc nt a ed f or s o m e n n r l nd w ' rto a lgsaiesh mec lultdt hat h g o n p o lm o c l a s ' ; e as ain l e iltv c e ac ae o lt e r wig r b e f hi bu e' se lo d ) Pa ma v. eCt Cmt Hos ,338F.Supp. 679,683( . Va 2004)(ones J) y n Le y. y. p. 2d W D. . J ,. (i mi a v s sa an tafd r l o r e ecsn jlid cin o ramatrmo ea p o raey G co t d ie g is e ea c u t x r iig t s ito ve y r te r p r p itl d cd di saec u t'. c r igy,h c u'wilas g a themo int ds s wihr s e t e ie n tt o r.l Ac o dn l t e o l l lo r n t ' t to o imis t e p c t Co 11 o unt 1 . C onc us on l i Fort f egoi r as , t moton t dim iswilbegr nt d. C o t Ia 1 wilbe he or ng e ons he i o s s l a e 2 un s nd 1 l dim is a t c tbe ivest tpl ntfsha f ie t sae apl usbl cai f r if s s ed, s he our le ha ai if ve a ld o t t a i e l m or ele u e j 1 8 . t Co n 11t ec u t e l e t e ecs s p e na j rs ito o e nd r 9 3 As o u t 1,h o r d ci s o x rie u plme tlu idcin v r n pli if sae 1w c am ,az t tc antfs' t t a l i ld ha ountwila s bedimis d. l lo s se TheCl r i diece t s nd c e o t sm e o a e k s r td o e opi s f hi m r ndum o ni a t a co pa ng pi on nd he c m nyi or rt a1 co m s lofr cor de o l t e e d. y f ul DATED: i % & da o J y, 201 . Ths 6 ? Chif nie Stt sDititJ e t d a e src udge 2 It e n he ventt tt cou ti i lnedt grntt m oto t dim is pl ntfsr que tl vet a e t r ha he r s nci o a he in o s s, ai if e s ea o m nd hei c ompli . napr vi or r t co tga pl ntfst opporuniy t as e ta i pe n ca eofa ton antI e ous de ,he ur ve ai if he t t o s r n nde nde t us ci u rfdeallw. pli if ha notdo s t sr s f la t a nd i de ed. nde e r a As antfs ve ne o, hi eque t or e ve o me s ni
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