Burruss v. Riley et al, No. 3:2015cv00065 - Document 15 (W.D. Va. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 6/14/16. (hnw)
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CLERK' OFFI U, . BT. S CE S DI COURT AT > OV , VA FIED L J 1i 2 1 UN 26 I TH E U N I N TED STA TES D I U CT COU RT STI FOR TH E W ESTERN D I I OF V I N A STR CT RG CH A RLO TTESV I LLE D I I ON V SI J U DU L CL EM ERK B: Yj CE . L BEN J M W BUR RU SS, A Pl i if a ntf , Ci lA c i N o.3: 5- vi ton 1 . 00065 CV M EM OR AN DU M O PI NION GARNETT RI LEY,e a . t 1, By:H on.Gl n E.Co a e nr d Chi fU nie St t s D it i tJ e t d a e s rc udge De e nt . f nda s Plitf Be j mi Bu sfldt sa to a ans d fn a t Al mal Comt , an if n n n nus ie hi cin g i t ee d n s be re t y Vigna(h G u t ' a svea poieo fc r wihteAl ma l Co n yPoie r i i t e t n y' nd e rl l fies t h be re u t l co ) c c De a t n (W CPD', le i v oain o 4 U. C. 1 8 a dsaelw. c s i p rme t & ' algng i lto s f 2 S. j 9 3 n tt a The a e s ) pr en l be o et c to de e nt 'm oto t dimi s Fo t f l ng r as ,hec t es ty f r he our n f nda s i n o s s . r he olowi e ons t our w ilgr nti pa ta de i pa t he m o i t dim i s l a n r nd ny n r t ton o s s . Fact Backeround ual Thef l ng f c s t ke fom pl ntf ' co pl nt a ea e e ast ef pur e of olowi a t , a n r ai ifs m ai , r cc pt d nl or pos s t emoint ds s.Se Erc s nv. rus 5 U.. 9 9 ( 0 7 . h to o imis e ik o Pad , 51 S 8 , 4 2 0 ) Be jmi Bu r s i a5 - e rodr sd n o t Co ny. temo nn o No e e na n ru s s 8 y a - 1 e i e t f he u t On h r ig f v mb r 21 201 , m zswa sa iga teCo o t11(h Gn ' ,o ae wi nt Co ny. t , 3 Bu s s tyn t h mf r 11 t e $ n' lc td t he u t Athe . 1 1 ) hi tm e Bur s w a pr pa i t e ba k on a c m pi a huntng ti i M ont na Thi t i w a i , nl s s e r ng o m r a ng nd i rp n a . s rp s Burruss v. Riley et al itnd dt t eiv sr s h h dbe ne omtrn d et dfkul e a hij ba d i hs ne e o t le e te s e a e nc t e ig u o it t s t s o n n i r i Doc. 15 marage'Compl!1 Tha mor ng,Bum zs e o rc a tdt ACPD a r uetda ri .' . 4. t ni s ' mplye ontce he nd eq se we fr c k on hi .The e oye t dt ACPD t tBur s wa a t I a t tBur u s la e hec m mpl r ol he ha nls s t he nn, nd ha rs i e d t go huntng a m i ha a fr nn, t the had no m ade a s a e e st the nt nde o i nd ght ve iea but ha t ny t t m nt ha w a e t hur hi s l or o he s nt d o t m e f t r . Dockets.Justia.com At1 40 a. . Ofi e J t nnaRi by a ved a t 1 Ofi rRi by s 0: m , fc r an gs ni t he nn. fce gs poket s e o om e oye a t 1m a l m e t tBur s ha s mpl es t he 1 nd ea d ha nls d poke wih ama ge a 9: am . nd ha n t na r t 00 . a d i or nf med t f o de k t thewa c ki out Att spoi ,Ofi e Ri by ae td ot r he r nt s ha s hec ng . hi nt fc r gs lre he ACPD ofi r t tBurus wa la ng t Im .At1 50 a. . Ofi e Ro r W a f la ved. fce s ha r s s e vi he 1 0: m , fc r be t re ni Burus t n lf t 1 a wake t r hi tu k,whi w a l a e i t I spa l r s he e t he % nd l d owa ds s r c ch s oc t d n he nn' rdng l .Ofi e sRi by a W a f la oac d Burus - who wa wea i àts r,c m o l ot fc r gs nd re ppr he r s s rng - hit a ufage pa s a a or ngehuntngca nt , nd n a i p-a as t s a wih hi ;howe r Bum zst d t nd ked o pe k t m ve , s ol he ofi r t thedi notw a tt t l a a ke i t y ha aw ar nt Ats epoi t r fe , fce s ha d n o ak nd s d f he d r a . om nt he ea tr Of ie sGa n t Gchi ' ly and Ken Riha ds ari d a t lm .Ofi erlie a tmpt d t fc r r e t t p'Rie c r on rve t he l fc kl y te e o s a wih Bur us ,who r ie a e t the di notwa t t k.Ofi e Pe e M a nz rt n pe k t r s et r t d ha d nt o al fc r t r i e he a rve Bunus sa td hi t c a puti i r ve s t la ,butOfi e Iie or r d hi t ri d. s tre s nlk nd t n e r e o e ve fc r tly de e m o sop a putt c ri par Bum z sc t nd he a n k. s omple wih t o de s i d t he r r . I or rt pr ve Bur s fom la ng,Ofi e sRie a Ri ha ds i tuced n de o e nt nz s r e vi fc r l y nd c r on nsr t Ofie sW afla orRi byt de oy aStng 'de c be ndBum zs t c J !24.A fc r re nd/ gs o pl K i er' vie hi s s ' nzk.Z si e i aporabl srp wih upwa d-acng s kest tc puncur a fa tn ave c e' tr s tng r s t e ti t r f i pi ha an t e nd l te hil s ie i ape s n a tmpt t drve o ri. lr swa t d t thi tr swo d be dn f r o te s o i ve t Btr us s ol ha s ie ul mage i he df a t m pt d t l a .I a to t t s i r t c pl i a l gest tBur us w a pr nt d te e o e ve n ddii n o he tnge , he om a nt le ha r s s eve e f om l a ng t pa ki 1 tdue t t pl c m e off urA CPD ve cl s a t pr e e of r e vi he r ng o o he a e nt o hi e nd he es nc Ofi e sW a f l Riey,Ri by,a Ri ha ds Bum zs tuc ba tr alo di be a e Of e fc r ze, l gs nd c r on. s ' r k te y s ed c us sc r Ri ha ds ke t pa s nge ' dooroft t c o n dtrng t s e ount r c r on pt he s e r s he nz k pe li hi nc e. Bur us t n i or e O f i r Rie t the had a gun i t ba ks to hi t uc but r s he nf m d fce l y ha n he c ea f s r k, i c t d t the had be n huntng. r s f r he r a e t tt g m wasno l d,a t t ndi a e ha e i Bur u s u t r el t d ha he t t oade nd ha hewa t wa e ofa a munii i t tuc The c m pl i al ge t t durngt s s ma r ny m ton n he r k. o ant le s ha, i hi 2 c onve s ton,t g wasi pl n sgh . r sas t d Ofi e Rie t tt gun wa f hi r ai he un n ai i t Burus lo ol fc r ly ha he s or s upc nght i ti i M ont I r pons ,Ofke Riey o de e Bum z snott r a h i o omi mtng rp n ana. n es e t r l r r d s o e c nt t bac s a o t tuc Bur u sc he k e t f he r k; r s omple wiht eor s Ne t l s ,Burus silr f e id t hes der . verhe e s r s tl e us d t lavehi tuc a s i t thewa no goi t ha m a ne butt thesmpl wa e t oe s r k nd a d ha s t ng o r nyo , ha i y nt d he osc r t la s t a hec u dGhrkfrhi ef'l . 31 Bu r sdd, we e ,nbr f e s o e ve o h t o l ç il o ms l. d ! . rus i ho v r it m t ' Ofi e Rie t theha r ce ty c ngedhi m e c tonsf rde e son,a t thewa ups t fc r ly ha d e n l ha s di a i o pr s i nd ha s e tkt i wietl hi t a s enoln e lve hm. l hs f od m h t h a o gro d i Ats epoi ,Ofi e Ri by co ace Bur u s wie Kel Burus ,who c im e om nt fc r gs nt t d r s ' f , ly r s onfr d t tBtm zsha notm a a t east hn m hi s forot r . r .Bur s alo i caedt t ha l s d de ny hr t o r m el he s M s nz s s ndi t ha Bt s ha s nthe at xt s yi t thewa goi outwe tt ht .The c uru s d e r e , a ng ha s ng s o mt ompl i a lges ant le t t upo r c i ng t si or ton fom M r .Bum z s Ofi rlie s i t t o he ox c r , ha , n e e vi hi nf ma i ' r s s , fce kl y ad o he t r es $ eg tn t i y a dtl Bu s t tt yweeg i t lthm la . d. 3 . p cfc ly ç o ohn'' n od mzs ha he r ong o e i e ve I ! 2 S e iial, W ' Ofie lie if r dBu r s t a heçus ne dld t c e kt i s'oç k s z e eyti g fc r tly n o me ru s h t j t e e q o h c hng 't t e u e v r h n ma g s g o ,'a dt e Bu swo l b ( o dt g . JJ Ofie Iie as t l t eohe wa ) o dl ' n h n nus u d e G o o o' I fc r tly lo od h t r p g '. . ofiest thehadç ras t hol l sj'e ani t tBum zsha no madea fc r ha ç e on o d Bu= s, xpli ng ha no ' s d t ny t e t t hn m hi s l oro he s a t thi de e so wasno dif r ntfo a ot r hr a s o r m ef t r , nd ha s pr s i n f e e r m ny he per s son' Ac odigt t c mpli tteo fc r t ne plrdoh rg o n st j tf h li c r n o he o an,h fie s he x o e te r u d o usiy odng Bur us .Of i e Rie t d t ot rof i e st c l Bum z s doc ora a t m ptt ge a r s f c r l y ol he he f c r o a l s ' t nd te o tn Eme g nc Cu t d Or e CC 'f rBumzs J.!3 Ofie Ri s yas a v s dM r. r e y so y d r ECO' o ) s.. 4. fc r g b lo d ie s I J Bur u st go t t M a s r t s O fi e i or rt obt i a ECO . W he Bur u sr ie a e t t rs o o he gi ta e' tc n de o a n n n r s e t r t d ha hewa e t l a a di no ne a hep,Ofi e Rie s i t thi bos woul no a l nt d o e ve nd d t ed ny l fc r ly a d ha s s d t low hi t 1 tBum zsla .Shorl t r afe ,Ofi rRi by t dt o he ofi e st tM r . m oe s e ve ty he e tr tce gs ol he t r fc r ha s 3 Bur s w a o he wa t obt i a ECO. nls s n r y o an n At1145 a. . M ag sr t Rove l Br : m , ita e le own is d a ECO, ut i i t ofi r t s i . sue n a horzng he fce s o eze Burus purua t Vigni Codej37. 808.TheECO i c t t tiwasis dupon:a r s s nt o r i a 2ndiaed ha t sue ç s r p tto ' n f csfo M r. ru s JL!43 On et eECO wa o ti d t eot r wo n ei n'a d a t r m s Bu r s .i I . . c h s b ane ,h f s ke o de e a SW AT t a t e r c Bur s fom hi t u k,alhough t y kne t tM r . r rd e m o xta t nz s r s rc t he w ha s Bunus s wason he wa wih ake The SW AT t a us afas gr na ,br t drve ' sde r y t y. e m ed l h e de oke he i rs i wi w oft tu k,a dr d Bu z sfom t ve ceby hi a ms The pr ee d t ndo he r c nd agge m s r he hi l s r . y oc de o ha uf a s a c Burus .Ther m ova c us d damag t Bur u s ha ,whi h r uie onndc f nd e r h r s e la e e o r s ' nds c eq r d st m e ca t e t e . r sw a t n t a po t t t U ni s t ofV igi a H os t f a ie di l r a m nt Bur us s he r ns r ed o he ver iy r ni pial or ps hi t i e l ton. yc a r c va ua i On Nove r1 201 Burus fld at e c mbe 8, 5, r s ip hr e- ountco pli a i tt Col y; m a nt gans he mt OfiesRie , g b , aflM anz r a dKa i D. c ad o (h G fc rDe e d n s'; fc r ly Ris y W re, i e , n ne Rih r s n t e d ie fn a t' of ) a dJ l Do d fn a t. alg sta d fnd nsv oae 4 U. C. 1 3a saelw. n om e ee d n s He le e h t ee a t i ltd 2 S. j 98 nd tt a Spe i a l Btr s cl i st thi rght unde t Fo rt a Fouree h A m e c sc ly, tnz s a m ha s i s r he t h nd t nt ndm e t wer ns e voae b h su lwf s iu ea dd tn int t I. as a srscamsf rf le iltd y i n a ul ez r n ee to comt ) He lo se t li o as i rs n n ( u tI)a db tey( u t11 u e Vign alw. lr s s e n mi l mp io me t Co n I n atr Co n 1) nd r r ii a Bt u s e ks o na, r c pe a o y,ml punii dn age i a n ountt be de e m i d a t i ,asw e lasa t ne s om ns t r d tve m s n n m o t r ne t ral l tor y' f s a cos s a any o he a opr a e r i .On J nua' 26,201 de e ee nd t , nd t r ppr i t elef a l y 6, f ndant fl d a m o i s ie ton t ds s t c mp an p s a tt Rul 1 ( )6 o teF d rl lso Ci l o e u e Th o imis he o lit uru n o e 2 b ( ) f h e ea Rue f viPr c d r . e c thel a he i on t m oton on A prl14,2016. our d arng he i i The m oton hasbee f l br e ed a i i n uly i f nd s no rpe f dipos ton. w i or s ii 4 St andar ofR e e d vi w Ru e1 ( )6 o t eFe e a Rulso Cii P o e t epemisap ry t mo fr l 2 b ( ) f h d rl e f v l r c dl r t a t o ve o r dim is ofac pli f f ilr t sa eacli upon whih r le c n beg a ed.To s vve s s al om a nt or a lze o t t am c e if a r nt ur i dim is f f iur t sa ea c am ,apli ifm us e tbls G aca plusbiiy'by pl adng s s al or al e o tt l i a ntf t sa ih t il a i lt ' f e i ç ac u , ont ntt talow st c tt d a t r s na e i e e e t tt de e nti labl s t alc e ha l f he our o r w he ea o bl nf r nc ha he f nda s i e f rtemic n u talg d'As r f v.q a, 5 U. 6 2 6 (0 ) I r l go a1 b () o h so d c le e . hco t I b l5 6 S. 6 , 78 2 09 .n ui n 2( )6 ' n moton,a1 we lplade alegai nsi t co ai a etke a t u a a 1r as bl f cua i 1 l- e d l to n he mpl nt r a n s r e nd l e ona e a t l i e e esa edr wn i t pl ntf sf vor Edwa dsv.Civ ofGol bor 1 F. 231 244 nf r nc r a n he ai if a . r t ds o, 78 3d , ( t Ci.1 9 ) Ho v r Gatb to ap an ifmu tGu g g r camsa r s t eln fo 4h r 9 9 . we e ,ç l o tm, litf s n d e heq li co s h i e r m l c onceva et plusbl t r ss dimis .' a:M or Dog sLLC v.Co r,680 F.d 359, i bl o a i e' o e it s s al'W e s za t 3 3 4 6 ( t Ci. 2 ( u t Bel lCo p v Two l 5 0U. 5 4 5 0 (0 7 ) Th 6 - 5 4h r 201 ) q oi lAt. r . . mby, 5 S. 4 , 7 2 0 ). e ng c ompli mus co ai s fcentf t t or ieadg t r le a ant t nt n ufi i acs E as t ht o ei f bovet s ultve lve 'and he pec a i e l' G tt acli t r le t ti pl usbl o isf c 'Twombl 550 U. a 555,570. t h a t a e a m o ei f ha s a i e n t a e. s ' y, S. t Alhoug c pl i ne no c a n de a l d f tz la l ga i ,i m us co a n m or t n ç a l a om a nt ed t ont i t ie ac ta le tons t t nt i e ha t be s nd l c l i ' a &a f m ul i r c t ton oft e em e sofa c us ofac i wilno do.' d. t onc us ons' nd ç or a c e ia i he l nt a e ton l t ' I a 5 5 I c n ie igaRu e1 ( )6 mo in t c u'ma c nsd re hbisatc e t o 5 .n o sd rn l 2 b ( ) to ,he o l y o i e x i t ta h d o r t rfre t i t c mpan . e P il v. I 'sn . 1 0F.d6 9 61 (t Ci. 9 9 . eer d o n he o lit S e h lps LC1 ntlI c, 9 3 0 , 8 4 h r 1 9 ) i Di scuss on i Dee d n smo et ds s tec mp an o tr eg o n s ()q aiidi ni b r fn a t v o imis h o lit n h e r u d : 1 u l e mmu t as f y t j 1 cai ( Bur s ha fie t saeacam t rsae1w agans t Ofi r he 983 l m;2) nls s ald o tt li mde tt a i t he fce De e d n s a d( )teCo nyi e tte t s v r ini liya t t sae1w cams Th fn a t; n 3 h u t s n ild o o e eg mml t s o he tt a li . e n c t ilc i e c a gum e ti t n. our w l onsder a h r n n ur 1 . 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Unied o bl a e xit e ry sa ihe n he nt alh ez e e .' The t ) SttsCour ofAppeasf t Foulh Cic thasprviusyf t tGgj l kofcaiyi ae t l or he ' rui t e o l ound ha Gthe ac lrt n t 1 w go m i s i le f ps hol i ale l to i sr ki w he co pa ed t t he a ve ng e ztr s or yc og c va ua i ns s ti ng n m r o he sa r deaied i ot Fo t Am e e co e s whe epr ba e c us t s pec t nda ds t l n her urh ndm nt nt xt , r o bl a e o us t 6 c i i lmic rm na s onduc ha bee pansa ngl de i 'I G ve t l s ,t r a es m e cea l t s n i t ki y fned. d. t rhe e s he e r o ' Ne l ry e t ihe sa r t gui ar as na epolceofi rwho dea nsape s f m e a sabls d tnda ds o de e o bl i fce ti r on or nt l e au to . Ra bv. we 9 0F. u p. d6 2 6 9( D. . 01 ) At mi mu poie v lain' u Bo n, 6 S p 2 0 , 0 E. Va 2 3 . a ni m, lc ' ta re aG i -i 'when e c i am e a heat s z ewihoutGG oba ec us t r ve s ç ghtlne' br xe utng nt l lh eiur t ipr bl a e o b le et a t ei iiu l o es ad ng rt gi s l o oh r .'Baly 3 F.da 7 eiv h t h ndvd a p s l) a e o hmlef r te s' ie , 49 3 t 41 ' ( u t S. v Ci o Ta maPak Md,1 4F.d26 , 6(t Ci. 9 ); e as q oi P. . t f ko ng y r s . à 3 0 26 4h r 1 98) s e lo Cla n e e r lEsaeo Cla i g rv. c vt, 5 F.d3 4 3 4( t Ci. 0 9 o nig r x e. tt f o n n e M De it5 5 3 2 , 3 4h r 2 0 ) ' (ç r b b ec us t s ieap ro f raps hoo ia e lain (xit)whe tef csa d tpqo a l a e o ez e s n o l yc lgc l vau to e ss n h a t n cr lmsa swihi t i kno e a ofwhi h t y ha r as bl t sworhy i br ton icl tnce t n her wl dge nd c he d e ona y nzt t nt ma i wer s tc e t wara apr de m a t bei vet tt pe s n pos ada rt hi s l or e ufi i nt o r nt u nt n o le ha he r o es nge o m ef oh r . (n en l u tto mak o te l. te s' itr a q oain r s mitd) ' On t lmie f c spr s nt d i t c he i t d a t e e e n he ompl i , hecour be ive t tBurus has ant t t le s ha r s s fce l pl d aco tt i vi ai n ba e on hi de e to a s i ze The c t is ufi inty e nsiutonal ol to s d s t n i n nd ezl . r our frt no e t t( he i s ofqua ii d i m uniy tznshe viy o e si bi ng pr c nt . . t s ha t s ue t lf e m t tr a l n xi tng ndi e ede . .' ' Bo n,96 F.Supp.2d a 61 Thef csi t sc ear ditng s bl fom t e i Goode we 0 t 0. a t n hi as e s i uiha e r hos n n, i whih t polc ofi e spe s ly obs r d t pl i ifssr ngebe vi ra he r n c he i e fc r r ona l e ve he antf ta ha o nd a d muli es r n sc m i f o t pli ifsa rme ,c imi aneghbor spr vi tpl c e m o ng r m he antf pa t nt onfr ng i ' e ous c mp an sa u tepli tf. 5 F.da 9 6 I Goo e t eFo rh Cic i f u dt tl a o lit bo t h anif 9 4 2 t 6 . n d n,h u t rut o n ha Ihld g t ofie sdonenot ng- a ha ghepli if htr hes l ors neont prmies t he fc r hi nd d t antfl tt ref omeo he e s - he c e nce ma ha be n irme abl 'L=.t96 Furhe e,'ift ofi r ha ons que s y ve e re di e. d a 7. t nnor Cgl he fces d ' r f s d t ac untlt y s w bl bnzs sa s i e e f r t e i m i htha bee t l t e u e o t i he a ood, ie nd plntr d u niur , t g ve n oo ae f (hepli iq orhe nei s'I-Eve t or t antf r ghbor.'d- n hought ofie sweeuli tl mit na t . he fc r r tmaey sake s o w he he t pl i ifw asm e aly il t Cour s ilf md t tt y w e e e il d t qua ii d t r he a ntf nt l l, he t tl ot ha he r ntte o lf e i mmuniyi de a ni t pl ntf be us t y a t d r as bl ba e on t i i o ma i a t n t i ng he ai if ca e he c e e ona y s d her nf r ton nd pe s na obs r a i I a 966- I a ton,t sc s i alo d si s bl fom S. , n r o l e v tons. d. t 67. n ddii hi a e s s itnguiha e r P.i whi h t polceofi r r c ve a c l fom t pl ntf hus ndand we e c nfo e wih c he i fce s e ei d a l r he ai ifs ba r o r nt d t a S ousy dita hta c y ng i vi l'whowasG mc pe a i hosie ve y ups t nç obvi l sr ug nd r i ndi dua , ' i oo r tve, tl , r t e, a ir tonal' 1 F. a 267.Thepli ifi S. t dt o fc r t ts ha ha apa nf nd ra i . 34 3d t ' antf n P. ol he fi e s ha he d d i ul a gume wih he hus r nt t r band,a t td fno f he chidr n,s woul ha c i r nd ha ç t or r l e he i d ve onsde ed c omm itng s c de'I TheFou t Cic tagan f t dt tt ofi e swe ee ild t ti uii .' d. rh r ui i om ha he fc r r ntte o quai d i miy be us t rde e i oft pli iff am e a heat e l to wa lse mmt t ca e hei t nton he antf or nt l lh va uai n s r a o a l. d (: poieo c r d dn td cd t d ti rh p an i i hat . t e, h y es n be I.s The lc v e s i o e i e o ean t e litm n se Rah r t e ha a l o p ru iyt o sr ea ditr iw ( r b f r madngad lb rt d cso s. d mp e p o tnt o b e v n n e ve hej eo e l eieae e iin.) ' Fi l i i notal ge i t i t ntca et ta oft Ofi e De enda sha pror naly,t s le d n he nsa s ha ny he fc r f nt d i e ount swih Bu r s aswa t st ton i Cl ni e . n t tc s ,one oft ofi e sa nc er t r us , s he iua i n oa nc r l ha a e he fc r t t s e lne t tt pl i ifhad m a pr ors c de t ea s a pr vi l had f r a m s a hi he c ne c w ha he a ntf de i ui i hr t nd e ous y ie r t s r s de .555 F. d a 334. e i nce 3 t The Cour hel t t ba e on t si or a i a t i ta 911 c l, t d ha , s d hi nf m ton nd he nii l al t polc of e swe e e il t qua i d i uniy bec us t y a t d r a ona y i de ani he i e sc r r ntted o lûe mm t a e he c e e s bl n t i ng t pl i i ff r a ps hi ti e ua i I he a ntf o yc a r c val ton. d. He e,Burus a l st the li e oye ,a hi wiea 1i or e t Ofi e r r s lege ha , ls mpl r nd s f l nf m d he fc r De e nt t tBur u sha notm a a sae e st thewa e t hur hi s l orot r . f nda s ha rs d de ny t tm nt ha nt d o t m ef he s I t d,t O fi e D e e nt w e t t 1 be a e Bum z s e pl r sm pl as t ns ea he f c r f nda s nt o he % c us s ' m oye i y ked he A CPD t pe f a w ela e c c o hi . t m or Bur us e a ned t t O fk e o r onn f r he k n m Furher e, r s xpl i o he t r D e e n st the ha a unl de gun i hi ve c e f a ht tng ti a t c pl i f nda t ha d n oa d n s hi l or m i rp, nd he om a nt i c t st the w a dr s e c i t n w ih s e ne w ho w a goi hun i Alhough Bur s , ndi a e ha s e s d ons s e t t om o s ng tng. t nz s i or e t Ofi e De e nt t thedi notwih t s ak wih t m a wa e t la , nf m d he fc r f nda s ha d s o pe t he nd nt d o e ve 8 Bunus c s omple wih a 1oft i or r a wa notvii y dita i d t l her de s nd s sbl sr ught Ne t l s ,Bum ls . verhe e s s di ad i t thewa ha ngdifc teswih hi wie a t theha r ce l s t hedhi d m t ha s vi fi uli t s f , nd ha d e nty wic s media i f de es i Des t t s a iso ,t c tdoe no be ivet tt Ofi e c tons or pr son. pie he e dm s i ns he our s t le ha he fc r De e nt we er s f nda s r e pondi t a e e ge st ton,i whi ht y we e f c t ma a ng o n m r ncy iua i n c he r or ed o ke quik de ii n.I f c ,a co di t t co ant Ofi erRie a kno e d t theha no c c so n a t c r ng o he mpli , fc l y c wl dge ha d r as t hol Burus ,a t tBunus de e so wasno dif e f o t ts f r d by m a e on o d r s nd ha s' pr s i n fer nt r m ha ufe e ny ot hers. Tac n t e he , hef c si t sc s a emor adn t t ef le og t r t a t n hi a e r e l o hos ound i Baiey,i whih t n l n c he Fourh Cicui f t r t ound t tt ofi e swe enote tted quaii d i miy whe t y de aned ha he fc r r n il lfe mmt t n he t i t pli iff am e a he lh e ua i 349 F. a 742. n t tca e t Cou the dt tt he a ntf or nt l at val ton. 3d t l ha s , he r l ha he ne g r scal pr vi ngt tt pl i ifwa de e s d,s c da,a i o c t d was i hbo ' l o di ha he antf s pr s e uii l nd nt xia e i ufi i ntt e t bls pr bl ca et tpl i ifw a lke y t ha m hi s l .349 F. d a 739ns t c e o s a i h oba e us ha a ntf s i l o r m e f 3 t 41. he t polceofier a vedatt pl ntf ' hom e t y c im e t t pl ntf was W n he i fù s ni he ai ifs , he onfr d hat he ai if i oxia e I a 739. nt c t d. d. t Howe r t pl ntf de edbeng s ci l a t r we enowea ve , he ai if ni i ui da , nd he e r pons i t home o G ny ot rpr pa ai f ras cde a tmpte de . 1 n he ri a he e r tons o ui i te vi nt' d. ' Furhe r ,t scour deci d t gr ntquaii i miy t t polc ofi r t nno e hi t lne o a lfed mmt t o he ie fce de e nt i ar ce c e,e n t f nda s n e nt as ve hought pli ifha t d he hus nd d u ng a a g z e he antf d ol r ba t i n r tm nt t ts wo d hur he s l. e c rv. o N o.2: CV0001 201 W L 11 ha he ul t r ef Flt he Br wn, 15 5, 6 79226,a *6 t ( . Va M a . 4 2 6 (o e , .. ec u t oe t a t eewe en alg to t the W D. . r 2 , 01 ) J n s J)Th o r n td h t h r r o le ains ha t pl ntf ha pr vi us y t e e d s c de w a unde t i l nc ofa c r l s t nc , ai i f d e o l hr at ne ui i , s r he nfue e ny ont oled ubs a e ha vi i e w e po i t ho e, a be ng t e t d f a m e a il s orr ve l d a ot r d s bl a ns n he m w s i r a e or nt l lnes , e a e ny he e de ofs c de pr pa a i ns 1 A lho h,i t i t ntc s ,Bum z s di ha a t l de vi nce ui i e r t o . d. t ug n he ns a a e s d ve n m oa d w e n a wasbei t e t d f de es i t s c ti t a e t c l t tt e f t apo nd ng r a e or pr s on, hi our s m bl o onc ude ha hos ac s a o a e s fce t esa ih pr ba e c us t deai hi f rame a he t e ua i l ne r ufi int o t bls o bl a e o t n m o nt l alh val ton. Bunus t d t Ofi e De enda st thewasgoi o ahun i ti a bo h hi wie a s ol he fc r f nt ha ng n tng rp, nd t s f nd hi e pl r c nfnnè t si or a i Fur he m o e t Of i e D e e nt w e e nota tng s m oye o i d hi nf m ton. t r r , he f c r f nda s r ci on a i or a i t tBur u si e d t hn m hi s l orot s butsmpl upo ar que t ny nf m ton ha r s nt nde o r m ef her, i y n e s fo Bu r ' mply rf rawefr c e k Se Bo n 9 0F. u p. da 61 ( e yn r m rus e o e o la e h c . e we , 6 S p 2 t 2 d n ig qualfe i uniy be a et ofk e sia t o am os no i or to a e pe i ly none ii d mm t c us he t r tced n l t nf ma i n, nd s c a l c nc r i v oe e' e h ssi o iial. sdo t efcu lalg to si t c mplit o enng i lnc '(mp a i n rgn l) Ba e n h a t a l ain n he o an , e t c t he our doesnotbe ivet tt Ofi rDe e le ha he fce f ndan sha s fc e tr as n t doubtt ve a iy t d ufi i n e o o he r ct ofBur u s e a to f rt pr e eofa wea i li tuc The ema bea to l r s ' xplnai n o he es nc pon n ls r k. r y ddii na e de ,t ove ed t ough dico r t tc rbut t t Ofi e De enda s bele t t vi nce mc r hr s ve y, ha onti ed o he fc r f nt ' if ha Bum lswasada rt hi s l oro he s Ho ve ,a t ssa i t ltga i wiho m o e s nge o m e f t r . we r t hi t ge n he ii ton, t ut r f c sa t wha t Ofi rDef nda sobs r d du i t re o t rwih Burus ,heco t at s o t he fce e nt e ve rng hei nc un e t r st ur c nno c udet tt y hadpr ba e c us t deai hi f rame a he lh e ua i a t oncl ha he o bl a e o t n m o nt l at val ton. The e or ,Bmru sha s fc e l saed ac tt i na vi a i i o d rt s ts yt fr t rf e s s ufi i nty t t onsiuto l olton n r e o a if he is pr oft quai d i muniy i uiy. ong he lse m t nq r Ast t s condpr ng,a e i Burus 'f c ualal ga i a t e, hecour be ive o he e o cc ptng r s a t le tons s nl t t le s ta ara o beo /c rwo dh v k o ta h o s ed dno h v pr b b ec us t d ti h t e s na l f e ul a e n wn h t e r h i t a e o a l a e o ean Bur us pr o t t i s nc oft ECO . de e tqua ii i m uniy i t m e alhe t r s i r o he s ua e he To f a lfed m t n he nt alh s i lec e , pli ifm us s w t tt ç i htal gedy vi a e wasi e ry esabls eztr ont xt a antf t ho ha he ç g le l olt d r cla l t ihed' i mo et nj tage rlsns 'I Spe iialy,ttheconotr oft rgh mus be n r ha us nea e e. d. cfc l Ggq ' t ls he i t t s f c e l c e t ta r as na e ofi i lw oul unde s a t twha he i doi vi a e t t ufi i nty l ar ha e o bl tc a d r t nd ha t s ng ol t s ha rght'Andes 48 U. 635,640( 98 . r t c tc l st tt c ant i . ' ron, 3 S. 1 7) Hee,he our oncude ha he ompli i a i yal sf t t tnoras na eofie woul ha f s fcintt j tf a i usbl lege acs ha e o bl fc r pl d ve ound ufi e o usiy n 10 e r nc me alhe lh de e i .. Goi v. le Com m . r s Bd. --F. -- 201 me ge y nt - at t nton..' nes Va ly ' Se v . , - 3d -, 6 W L 2 21 6 , t* (t Ci. y 9 201 ) Th f csalg di tec mp an s w t t ru s 6 2 2 a 8 4h r Ma , 6 . e a t le e n h o lit ho ha Bu r s wass f rng fo de es i n a ha r e l c nge hi m ed c ton,buto he wiedono ufe i r m pr so nd d ec nty ha d s iai t r s t rv a ta h wa ad n e t hi efo ohes Se Bo n 9 0F. u p. da 61 ( g l e e e e lh t e s a g r o ms l r t r. e we , 6 S p 2 t 3 lW h r i t eCo an alg sa ars wi u a yk o e g o ars o h r ( plitf h s h mplit le e n re t t t n n wld e f ik f a m, t anit a ho he l s fiin l ab i mi mal alg dt tte( ee a tq rn g e s ds c adrg tln .' u fce iy let ni l le e ha h d fnd n s ta s r se u h b ih-ie' y ). Alhough t Ofi e De e nt di a tmptt i tga eBur u s rs ofha m ,hec ' t he fc r f nda s d te o nvesi t r s ' ik r t out t c nno c l t tt i or a i n t y obt i wass tc e f r a r as n t onc ude ha he nf m to he a ned ufi i nt o e onabl ofi e t e fc r o be i ve t tt r w a pr bl ca e t de a n Bur s ,e pe i ly gi n t tbot M r .Bur s le ha he e s oba e us o t i nz s s c a l ve ha h s nz s a hi e oye c im e t thehad ma no sae e st the i e d t hn m li s l or nd s mpl r onfr d ha de t tm nt ha ntnde o r zm ef oh r . t Fo t Cic ir c n l n td Eft t riq iyi usf li t s rso stain t e s As he urh r ut e e ty o e ,t jl he n ur s e u n he o t f iu to s g r whe eofi r a enotpr s nt wih e e ge cr lm sa sora Cubsa illkelhood'o r fce s r e e ed t m r ncy ic l t nce s t nta i i f hnmf l ha ir'Gon s 2 6W L 26 26 , t* (u tn Va Co eAl . 3 . 8 8 . r ' be v o . ie , 01 u ' 21 2 a 8 q o ig . d m j 72- 0 ) The e o e t c tco l r f r , he our ncudest tt Ofi e Def nda sa enote ttedt qua ii i t t ha he fc r e nt r n il o lfed mm miy f rt i a tonsprort t is nc oft ECO .lThem os a opra e c s a t spoi i t o her c i i o he s ua e he t ppr it our e t hi nt s o pe mi lm ie f us d dicove y ast wha t Ofi e De e nt kne a t tm et y r t i t d, oc e s r o t he fc r f nda s w t he i he deai d Bur s a t 1 pro t t rr ceptoft ECO. eBowe 960 F.Supp. a 61 t ne nzs t he % i r o hei e i he Se n, 2d t 3 ( e yn moint ds s b s do q aiidi liymz pemi iga dto l ic veya d n ig to o imis a e n u lfe mml t d r t n d iina d s o r s n l t wha t dee nt kne a t tmeoft pli ifsar t. o t he fnda s w t he i he antf res) How e r t c tbeleve t tt O f i rD e e nt a e e il d t qua ii d ve , he our i s ha he fce f nda s r ntte o lfe i m t iy f t i c nd ta t rt i s nce oft ECO , a r a ona e of i e w oul bele m m t or he r o uc fe he s ua he as e s bl f c r d i ve t theors ha pr bl c us a t spoi t de an Bur us f am e alhe t e l to I ha he d oba e a e t hi nt o t i r s or nt alh vauai n. n 1 Th c u t oe ta ma yo t cs srle u o byd fnd nsweed cd da t s mmayj d me t e o r n ts h t n fhe ae eid p n ee a t r e ie the u r u g n sa Ass h,t ec t ha mo ede lpe f t lr co dst r vi He e t co tmus co t et tge. uc hos ours d r veo d acua e r o e ew. r , he ur t nsnl he ale tonsi Burus 'f rba e ont lmie f t i t compl nt lgai n r s avo s d he i td acs n he ai . 11 hi r s ns t t m oto t dimi s Bunus ar st tt ECO aone di note t bls s e po e o he i n o s s , s gue ha he l d sa ih pr ba eca e. r s r i o M ale v.Brccs i whih t Su e eCour oft Unied o bl us Bur u s eles n ly i , n c he pr m t he t St t sf a e ound t tt is nc ofa a r tw a r ntal di no e il t ofie st q lfed ha he s ua e n res r a one d t ntte he fc r o ua ii i mmunt fo t ep an ifsj 1 8 cams 4 5U. 3 5 3 ( 9 6 . eCo r rj ce te i r m h litf' 9 3 li . 7 S. 3 , 45 1 8 ) Th u t ee td h y de e nt s a gum e t tt he ac ofa yi f a w a r ntw a pe z o j cieyr a o a l, f nda ' r nt ha t t t ppl ng or ra s r q b e tv l e s n b e . pr de t tt ofi rbei vest tt f c sal ge i hi a fda ta et e.' d.l tad, he ovi d ha he fce le ha he a t le d n s fi vi r nl 'I nse t Co r n tdt a t ea p o raeiq iywa ( eh rar a o byweltane o fc ri ( u t oe h t h p r p it n ur s t t e e s na l l ri d fie n t wh he dee nts postonwoul ha knownt thi afda tfie t e tbls pr bl c us a fnda 'q ii d ve ha s fi vi ald o sa ih oba e a e nd t thes ul no ha a idf rt warnt'J s eas Gone ,201 W L 2621 a *9 ha ho d t ve pple o he ra . Z; e lo i s 6 ' 262, t n. (o igta te ei aç r sl to o ter a o a lne so t o fc rsrla c o te 2 n tn h t h r s G e l in f h e s n be s f he fie ' ein e n h p mp ar s warn '(mp ssi o ii al; rh n k v. i ns i9 2F.d25 26 (t Ci. ret ra t e ha i n rg n ll To c i s y Swi k, 4 2 7, 2 4h r ' 1 9 )(i igta, a e o M aly t r i ad rs mp ino ra o be e satc e t 9 1 fndn h t b sd n le ,hee s t e u to f e s na ln s ta h d o p o tii awarn '. b anng ra f) He e,a sl i t i r e t bls d i M al v f a r tw ar nt a i i t c t xt r s lm ng he nquiy sa ihe n le or res r a s pples n he on e ofECOs t c tbele st tt Ofk e De e a sa ee ild t q lfe i , he our ive ha he t r f nd nt r ntte o uaiid mmuniy f t or t i aci nsafe t is nc oft ECO bec us i wa r as bl f t m t r l on i t her to tr he s ua e he a e t s e ona e or he o ey t o es a i h pr bl ca e t de a n Bur us I t i t ntc s i i i pora t no e t t t bls oba e us o t i r s. n he ns a a e, t s m t nt o t hat he Of i rD e e nt di nota y f t ECO t m s l s. ns e M r Bur s w e t t fce f nda s d ppl or he he e ve l t ad, s. nz s nt o he M a sr t a pe ii ne f t ECO on he ow n.Upo ape ii w ih f c s s i d by M r . gi t a e nd tt o d or he r n tton t a t upple s Bur uss,t M agi r e i ued t ECO .Because t O fi D efendant w ere noti ved i r he stat ss he he f cer s nvol n t shea i i w a r as bl f t m t be i ve t tM r .Bur s pr de t M agit a ew ih hi rng, t s e ona e or he o le ha s nz s ovi d he sr t t s lc e i o m a i t e t bls pr ba e c us t de ai Bur s f a ps hi t i eva ua i n. uf i nt nf r ton o s a ih o bl a e o t n nz s or yc a rc l to Thi i de piet f c t tt i or i n t tt Ofie De e nt ha fôm t i o s s s t he a t ha he nf mato ha he fc r f nda s d r her wn 12 i tgai wo d lkey bei ufi i nt I ot rwo dj i i pos i e,a pe ha pr bl, nvesi ton ul i l ns fc e . n he r , t s sbl nd r ps oba e t tM r . ha s Bunus pr vi d t M a sr t wih a tona i onna i n r ga di Burus me a s o de he gita e t ddii l nf to e r ng r s' nt l he t a t lke i alh nd he i lhood t thewoul ha m hi s foro he s whih s di nots r wih t ha d r m el t r , c he d ha e t he Ofi e De e nt . s h, heOfi e De e nt a t d r as bl i r yi on t ECO t fc r f nda s As uc t fc r f nda s c e e ona y n el ng he o e tbls pr bl c us The ef t ,t c t ncude t tt Ofi e Def nda sa ee ild sa ih oba e a e. r ö e he our co l s ha he fc r e nt r ntte t qualfe i t t f rt ra tonsa trt ECO wasis d.Ac or i y,t moton t o ii d mm miy o hei c i fe he sue c d ngl he i o dimisi grntdi pa'a de e i patast t j 1 cli a ns t Ofie s s s a e n ! nd nid n r o he 983 am gai t he fc r t D e e nt . f nda s I t i rpl bre,defnda sa g t tt j 1 cai agans t Cot ys dbe n her e y if e nt r ue ha he 983 l m i t he mt houl dim is d bec us t c s se a e he ompl ntf l t aleg aco tt i lvi a i agans t Ofie ai ais o l e nsiutona olton i t he fc r Dee d n s Ho v r (a mu iiai ma beh l la l t r..j 1 8 f rc n t ui n l fn a t. we e ,& 1 ncp lt y ed ibe mde . 9 3 o o si to a ( y t vi a i nsr uli f om isf l e t t a n m uni i le pl e .'S. ,1 F. a 271. ol to es tng r t aiur o r i c pa m oye s i P. 34 3d t The Fo t Cic thasprvi l hedt tGgj o si ofi tucinr gadi t pr r urh rui e ousy l ha gthe mison nsr to e r ng he ope c tm to ls a r t deai a i i duali t me a he lh c e i cla l i qua e ons i ina t nda d o t n n nd vi n he nt l at ontxt s e ry nade t tani ' 1 l t co pl nt Burus al ge t thi il als i ea dee i r ule f o r i ng. d. n he m ai , r s le s ha s leg ezur nd tnton es t d r m ' t Coun y' i deq t tani ofispolceofi er . e i Bur us 'aleg to astuea he t s na uae r i ng t i fc s Acc ptng r s l a i ns r nd fndi t tt c pl ntplusbl al sac tmtona vi a i t c tc l st t i ng ha he om ai a i y lege onsi i l olton,he our onc ude ha Burus hassa e apl usbl cli t thi c tt to lvi ai r s t d fom t Cot y' r s tt d a i e am ha s onsiu i na ol ton e ule r he mt s f iur t a qua ey tan t Of rDe e n sa t t pr pe ba i f s i ng ape s f a a l e o de t l r i he fce f nda t s o he o r s s or ezi r on or me a he lhe uai Ac or ngl t motont dimiswilbede e wih rs c t t 5 ntl at val ton. c di y,he i o s s l nid t epe t o he 1983 cl m agai tt Count ai ns he y. 13 I. l Faiure To St e a C l m U nde St e Law l at ai r at De e nt a s a guet tBur u sha f ie t sa ecli soff le i i o e a f nda s l o r ha r s s al d o tt am a s mprs nm nt nd ba t r t de V igi a l w .As t t c a m off l e i pr s e t de Count1 oft te y m r r ni a o he l i a s m i onm nt m r 1 he c ompl i , heco tfndst tBur u sha sa ed aplusbl c am f r le f t tmepe i ant t ur i ha r s s tt a i e l i or e if or he i rod prort t M a sr t sis nc oft ECO. n Vigni t i e i lt t f le i o he gita e' s ua e he l r i a,he nt ntona or of as i pr s nm e i de i d a ç he r s r i ofone' lbe t w iho a s fci ntl le us .' m i o nt s fne s s e t a nt t s i ry t ut ny uf i e ega xc e ' Le sv. i 7 8S. 2d8 4, 9 ( . 01 ) Ho v r 'ift panif ars wa lwf l wi Ke, 0 E. 8 8 0 Va 2 1. we e ,s l he litf s re t s a u, g t pli ifc nno pr valo ac am o f s i ionme . l Thec tnotst ts h cli he antf n t e i n l i f ale mprs nt' d. ' our e ha uc am 'tr lr l oni s mea yssa e s dwihr pe tt q lfe i tlns agey he a nal i ddrs e t es c o uai d mmuniy. Bo n,960 t t ' we ' F.Supp. a 61 2d t 6. He e t c r , he ompl i al gest tt M a sr t is d a ECO t tt Of e ant le ha he gita e s ue n ha he sc r Def nda sbe ive ga t m t a hort t de an Bur u sf raps hi ti e l ton. e nt le d ve he he ut iy o t i rs o yc arc vaua i Bur s doe notco es t tt ECO wa is d,butsmpl a gu t ti di no e t ih nls s nt t ha he s s ue i y r es ha t d t sabls pr bl c us t deai hi . t c .hol t tt Ofi rDe e nt a eenttedt oba e a e o t n m As he oul ds ha he tce f nda s z il o t q lfe i uaii d mmuniy f t i aci al rt is nc oft ECO,t c tas fndst tt y t or her tons fe he s ua e he he our lo i ha he ha as fcintl ale us t de an hi a t spoi .I ot rwor ,t c t le st t d ufi e eg xc e o t i m t hi nt n he ds he our bei ve ha Bur us ha notpl us bl a l ge t thi de e i w a unl w f lonce t O fi e Def nda s r s s a i y le d ha s t nton s a ' u he f c r e nt o a ne t ECO.Howe r a t c talohol t tt OfierDe e bt i d he ve , s he our s ds ha he fc f ndan sa eno e il d t r t ntte t qua ii d i t t f t tmeprort t is nc oft ECO,i f l t tBur u sha o lfe mm miy or he i i o he j ua e he t olows ha rs s s a e a pl us bl c a m f f l e i pr s nm e f rt tm e he w a pr ve e f om l a ng t ttd a i e l i or a s m i o nt o he i s e nt d r e vi he 111prort t i s nc oft ECO . cc di y, he m o i t di m i s w ilbe gr nt d i pa t 11 i o he s ua e he A or ngl t ton o s s l a e n r a de e i pa tast Co 1 oft c pl i . nd ni d n r o unt 1 he om a nt 14 Ast t cli ofba tr unde CountIIoft c o he am te y r I he ompl i ,t c tfndst tBunus ant he our i ha s hassa e apl usbl cai f rr i .Ba tr i C lunwantd t uc ngwhi h i net r t t d a i e l m o elef te y s t al e o hi c s ihe c nsn e t e u e , o j tfe . Ko f nv. r et5 4S. 2 25 , 1( . 0 ) o e td o, xc s d n r usiid' fma Ga n t, 7 E.d 8 26 Va 20 3 . ' C t mor ,çn a r s utlzng e es i f i ei aba tr be a et tt hi i not ç her e a re t iii xc sve o c s te y c us ha ouc ng s Fur j siido e u e a dt eeo ei u lwf l' Vae tn v. a k Ct Po ieDe tNo u tfe r xc s d n h rf r s na u .' ln ie Ro no e y. lc p', . ' 7:0 CV- 0 2 , 01 W L 3 7 8 , t* ( . Va J l 29 20 1 ( sr J)( u tn Gn d v. 1- 0 4 9 2 1 2 3 71 a 5 W D. . uy , 1 ) Kie , . q oig a t Co n at 4 7S. 2 8 7 8 8( . p. . 9 8 ) mmo we 1 9 E.d 8 , 8 Va Ap Ct 1 9 ). h, I t c pl i ,Bur s alege t t o e t ECO w a o a ne t Of i e n he om a nt nz s l s ha , nc he s bt i d, he f c r De e nt o de e a SW AT t m t e r thi fom t tuc a t r movalc us d da f nda s r r d ea o xtac m r he r k, nd he e a e mage t hi hands Bur us a s c e t thi wi e had a ke t t t u a w a on he w a t t o s . r s l o ont nds ha s f y o he r ck nd s r y o he 1 a t etmehewa r mo dfo tetu k. fnd nsa g et a t e we ej siidi m1 t h i s e ve r m h r c Dee a t r u h t h y r u tfe n r m ovi Bur s fom t t c aswela ha ufi a s a chi hi ,be us t ha a e ng nls r he nz k, l s ndc fng nd e r ng m ca e hey d n ECO fom aM agita ea Bur u sr f e t l a hi t c Alhought c t i t tt r sr t nd r s e us d o e ve s nzk. t he our fnds ha he Ofi e De e nt a ee il d t q lfe i mt t whe t y dea ne Bur u sf rame al fc r f nda s r ntte o uaii d m miy n he ti d r s o nt he t e l ton afe t ECO wa is t r a es fcintf c ua ale tonst tt alh vaua i tr he s s ued, he e r ufi e a t l l ga i ha he r m o lw a e es i f t c r um s a s As s h,t c t nc ude t tt co pl i e va s xc sve or he ic t nce . uc he our co l s ha he m a nt sae apa i ecam o b tey a an t h Ofie bee d n s Ac o dn l ,h moint tts lusbl li f atr g is t e fc r fn a t. c r ig y t e to o di m i sw ilbe de e ast Co I Ioft co pl i . s s l ni d o unt I he m a nt 1 11. St e Law Cl m sA zai tt C ount at ai ns he v Fi ly,de e nt a gue t ts ve e g i m uniy ba s Bur u s s a e l w c a m s a i t na l f nda s r ha o r i n m t r r s ' t t a l i ga ns t Co t Thec ti co tanedt a e ,a Bum lsdoe notco e ot r s :E he uny. our s nsri o gr e nd s s ntnd he wie.CA) m uni i iy i i m une f om la lt f t neglge ac s o i e i nq t r s ofpo i ofi r c palt s m r i biiy or he i nt t r nt nto l o t lce tce s unde is e pl y t ta e com m i t d d ti t pe f m a e ofa gove nm ent fm c i ' r t m o ha r t e trng he r or nc r al t ton.' 15 Ha s nv P ic W il m Ct PoieDe t 6 0F. u p. d 6 8 71 ( D. . 0 )(iig nio . rn e li a y. lc p', 4 S p 2 8 , 2 E. Va 20 9 ctn Nis v. t o Alx nd i,5 4 S. 2 1 , 3 3 ( . 0 ); re v M o i ,1 4F.d21 , e e Ciy f e a ra 6 E.d 27 1 2- 3 Va 20 2 ) Ca tr . n s 6 3 5 2 ( t Ci.1 9 )( imisn p an ifssae1w camso a s ut b tey, t fle 21 4h r 9 9 ds sig litf' tt a li f sa l, atr al as d i ion e a i tt ciy, e o s ve e g i mprs m nt gans he t bas d n o r i n mmuniy,bec us Gi i pl i t tt s ' t a e G s an ha hi t pr t t o ext ndst m uni i ii s i t e r s oft rgove n e a f tons . .one o o ec i n e o c palte n he xe ci e hei r m nt l unc i . f whihi c ranyt eman e a c o ap lc f r e'itr l iain o te l. r ,hea t c s etil h itn n e f o ie oc '( ena ctto s mitd ) He e t cs n a l ged i t c pl i oc ur e whie t A CPD of i e s w e e r pondi t a r le n he om a nt c r d l he f c r r es ng o eque tf a s or wef r c k o Burus , c i w elwihi t C ror nceo polcedute 'I The e or la e hec n r s whi h s l t n he t f ma pe f i is. d. r f e, ' s ve e g i uniybar Bt nls c am sagans t Cot y. co di y, hem o i n t dimis o r i n mm t s u s' li i t he mt Ac r ngl t to o s s wilbegr t d wih r pe tt Count 1 a IIag ns t Cot y. l mle t es c o s 1 nd 1 ai t he mt Concl on usi Fo t f egoi r as ,defnda s moton t d s iswilbegr nt d i pa ta i he or ng e ons e nt ' i o im s l a e n r nd de e i pa t Ast Co sIa 1 a ns t Ofi e De e nt,t moton wilbegr nt d ni d n r. o unt nd 1 gai t he fc r f nda s he i l a e wih r pe tt t i a tonsa trt i s nc oft ECO,butde e wih r s c t t i t es c o he r c i fe he s ua e he nid t e pe t o her a tonsprort t i s nc oft ECO.Ast Coun 1Ia ns t Ofi e Def nda s t ci i o he s ua e he o t 1 gai t he fc r e nt, he m oton w ilbe de e W ih r pec t t cl i saga ns t Cot t t m oton w ilbe de ed i l ni d. t es t o he a m i t he m y, he i l ni ast Co mt1 butgr nt d ast Count 1 a IIon t ba i ofs r i i uniy. o t , a e o s 1 nd I he ss ove egn mm t TheClr i die t d t s nd c esoft sm e o a e k s r c e o e opi hi m r ndum o ni a t ac ompa ng pi on nd he c nyi or rt a 1c de o 1 ouns lofr or e ec d. D ATED :Thi s lV d yo J n , 2016. a fue Chi fU nied St t s Di t i tJ e e t a e sr c udg 16
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