Rose v. Bozorth et al, No. 3:2014cv00035 - Document 58 (W.D. Va. 2015)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 8/6/15. (hnw)
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O- I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A CH AR LOTTESV I LLE D I I ON V SI s o- l t.s, Dl . cE ) sT COUFI TR ATR- OG , VA FI ED L Ats # 2 1 l 25 J LA . l B . I FRK J LI N . OSE, U A R Pl i if antf, Ci lAc i No.3: 4- 00035 vi ton 1 CVM EM O M N D UM O PIN IO N J.CHRI AN BOZORTH,e a . STI t l, By:Hon. l n E.Conr d Ge a ChifUnied St t Diti J e t aes srct udge D e enda s f nt . Pl i ifJ i N . etl d t sa ton agans Ka wha Ga e Coa a Co Compa antf ula Ros s e hi c i i t na - uly l nd ke ny (t whaGa ey'ort t sl oana ul ' he ç compa ',ac a tmbe c ny') oal nd i r ompa i or ae i W es ny nc portd n t Vigi a'HarwoodPr pete , (tlrwood',awholy- ds i ar ofKa r ni, e o ris LLC i-ae l ' ) l owne ubsdi y nawhaGauly; Chrsin Bozo t Ka wha- e spr sde ;a Cl sophe E.Le Kana e J. ita rh, na Gauly' e i nt nd ui t r e, wha Ga e svi - e i nt Them at ri pr s nty be o et co tont de e nt 'm o i t uly' cepr sde . te s e e l f r he ur he f nda s tons o dim isf f iur t sa eac am ,a wel asRos sm o i f l vet a ndt c pli t Fo s s or al e o t t l i s l e' ton or ea o me he om a n . r t f lwi r a ons t co twilde Ros la t a nd and gr ntt de e nt motons he olo ng e s , he ur l ny e e ve o me a he f nda s' i t di m i s o s s. Fact and ProeeduralB ackground ual The f l ng f c sa e a e t a t ue a t s s a i t pr ee ngs Se Er c on v. olowi a t r cc p ed s r t hi t ge n he oc di . e i ks Padus 551U. 89,9 ( ) seas Kayl v.Pe Na' Ga ngsnc.637F.d462,466 r , S. 4 2007 . e lo t e , nn tl mi I , 3 ( h Ci. 1. 4t r 201 ) Rose v. Bozorth et al Si 2008 Bozo t ha i s e K a w ha G a e f nce , r h s nve t d na - ul y undsi o a num beroft pe ul tve' nt û c ai ' s Doc. 58 busne se a s i l ng hi rs unr git e s c ii sofe edby varoussa tup i s nde vor , nc udi gh-ik e ser d e urte f r i t r- c ompa e .Se e. , Compl!! 1 - Doc tNo. Thes unr seeds urte c dbe nis e. g.Am. , 6 75, ke 28. e egitr ee iis oul Dockets.Justia.com ' s do l t ûa c e tdi tr .lJa! 1 . ec mpan alg sta Ka a aGa lya d ol ny o tc r die nveso s' p. 2 Th o lit le e h t n wh - u e n . Har w ood do notqua iy a a cr dic i t r ,butt tBozo ' f l e y c r ii t tt y s e lf s c e t d nves o s ha lh a s l e tfed ha he o t qua i i i or rt com pl t t s pur has s Acc di t t a e d com pl i , lfed n de o e e he e c e . or ng o he m nde a nt Bozo t s r h' a tonsç olt t l t ntPolc ' dopt d by Ka wha Ga ey,' c r quie t tadul c i û aed he nvesme vi iy'a e na - ul t h e r s ha whi y a nt d I t e Co m it e. .e e pr pec i e i s m ent ,a t tt Boa d of ppoi e nvesm nt m te ,r vi w os tv nve t s nd ha he r Die t r a pr v te b mao i voe'L !28 Thec mp an alg st tBo o t a dLe rco s p o e h m y j rt t . ês . y ' o lit le e ha z rh n e ma t ei smen sa ns Ka wha Ga e sbe ti e e t i or rt i uli t orr wa d de hes nve t t gai t na - uly' s nt r ss n de o t tva e e r c t rpe s lorbusne sr l to hi wih t pe s nsi ve wih t sa tup c hei r ona i s e ai ns ps t he r o nvol d t he t r- ompa e ,a ni s nd pe s ly t r alzem oni a ors r ofsoc fom t sa tup co pa e t y i se i ' r ona l o e i es nd/ ha es t k r he t rm ni s he nve t d n. ' I a !!2829. d. t t A nu be ofKa wha- ul y s e de s i l ng Ros ,r peae y voi d c e ns m r na Ga e har hol r , nc udi e e t dl ce onc r ove Bozo t si sme si ou egitr s c iis l ! 11 l r s ns t Company' r rh' nve t nt nt nr seed e urte .d. 0. n epo e,he s BoadofDie t s(heûBoad' f meda l sme Commit t rviw t lgaiya r rcor t i r ' or l n nvet nt tee o e e he e lt nd pr pr e y oft s i s m e s l D a d Cam pbe l a fnanc a a s ,w a d ppoi e t s r o it he e nve t nt . d. vi l, i i l dvi or s ' a nt d o e ve a anon- i a s 't t tc s votng dvior' o ha ommit e 1 Ca te . d. mpbel a lge y a s d Bozo t Le ,a l le dl dvie rh, e nd t Boa d t tK a wha G a e a H a e ood di notq lf a a c edied i t r ; e r he r ha na - ul y nd r w d ua iy s c r t nves o s how ve , Bo o t a Le ig o e 'ti wanng 1 ! 1 1 1 2 Th d sie ts a e od r c n iu d z rh nd e d n r d'h s r i .d.t 1 - 1 . e isd n h r h le s o tn e i ! t v iec n en , d ! 1 3 1 5 l fc, t h 20 4s ae odes me tn ,hees a e od r o o c o c r s l . ! 1 - 1 .n a ta t e 1 h rh l r' eig t s h r h le s ecced a i i dualC l t n nd vi ' wasnotas r hol r' o t Boa d ofDiecor dn a at mptt who ha e de 't he r r t s t n te i o brngt rc r t t Bo d' atnton. l a !11 Alhought snew die t c i d i hei oncens o he ar s te i ' d. t 5. t ' hi rcor ontnue l co porton quaiisa anta c e td i sor'unde f r s cu ii lw si, a ong ot rt ngs i i A r ai lfe s ic r die nve t ' r edeal e rtes a f m he hi , t s ( f r f t s tcpur os ofa rngt s urte ofe e ' ndha <otla s t i e s of$5 milonç o med or he peci not i p e cquii he ec iis fr d'a s ç a s es n xce s t li ' ' 1 C. R.j230. . 7 F. 501 t c le Boz t si t e s t def nda sc i d t i itt tt i ve t nt we e o ha lnge orh' nvesm nt, he e nt ontnue o nss ha he n sme s r s f a l ll ! 11 ae nd ega.d. 6. Afe t 201 s r hol r 'm e tng,Ros r que t d t s eKa wha Ga e sbooks l r he 4 ha e de s e i e e se o e na - uly' a r c ds howe r s wa de ed a ce sa uli ael ha t obt i a sae c r or rt nd e or ; ve , he s ni c s nd tm t y d o an t t ou t de o rviw te 1 . ! 1 7 1 0 Th ra r Ro ed ma d dta t eBo r c l as e il e e h m. d ! 1 - 2 . ee he, s e n e h t h a d al p ca s r hol r m ee i t c i rr m o ng Boz t a Le Tha m e tng washe d on Aug t ha e de s' tng o onsde e vi orh nd e. t e i l us 11, 4, twhi h tm e Ros spr alw a de e t d,wih 1 351 s r svo i t r m ove 201 a c i e' opos s fae t , ha e tng o e Bo o t a dLe a d2,23s ae v tn t rti te L . 1 . s te drce h r z rh n e n 9 h r s o ig o ean h m. d ! 2l Ro e h n ie td e = at ne t wrt alte t t Bo r tou lni he dic r ofBozo t sf lece tfc tons tor y o ie e tr o he a d d ti ng r s ove y rh' as rii a i r g r iga ce ie iv so saus'I ! 1 2 Ac o dn t tea n e c mplit ti J l e a dn c rd td n e tr tt . d. 2 . c r ig o h me d d o an,h s uy ' 1 201 l te i m a 7, 4 et r d de ndedt tBozo t a Le ber moved,a t ts tbei taed a i t ha rh nd e e nd ha ui nii t gans Lhe t rc rt i opel e nde f . 1 ! 1 Theame d c antal s t ml o e ove he mpr ry-xpe d unds' d. 22. ' nde ompli lege t t on Aug t2, 4, heç snt r t Boa d me r 'a e d t r t i i epe ntl l ha , us 201 t ç i e esed di r mbe s' gr e o e an nd nde ega c u s l oiv si aeRo esc nc r s b tta iaso t efl go ti s i,h Boadh sno o n e t n e tg t s ' o en , u h t ' j f h ii f h s ut te r a t g n tke tea to d ma d db Ro e'1 . ! 1 223 a n h cin e n e y s . d ! 2 - . ' Ros Er tfl d t s l w s ton Aug t 1 201 i he ow n be fa de i tve y as a e s ie hi a ui us 9, 4, d on r hal nd r va i l s r hol r ofKa wha G a ey, a s ri a cl i unde t Rac t e l l nc d a Cor upt ha e de na - ul ' s e tng a m ' r he ke e r nf ue e nd r Or a z t nsAc (Rl ',1 U. C. 1 61e s q, ihce tsap i aecv l cint g niai o t 4 CO' 8 S. j 9 t e .wh c r ae rv t ii a to o ç ) rc v r rb ed ma e f rij r i yr a o o avo aino 't s bsa tv prviin . e e o e te l a g s o n uy ' e s n f ilto f i u tnie o so s S e b s Sedi S. R. v.mr xCo.I ,473U. 479,481( 985)Asrl nther,RI ma i ma. P. L. I e a nc. S. 1 . eeva e CO kes t unlwf ûf a pe s e oye by ora s it d wih a e e prs .t c a ul ior ny r on mpl d s oca e t ny nt r ie..o onduc or t pa tci t ,diec l ori r c l i t co uc ofs h e ep rs s a f i st o h a pa t r of ri pa e r ty ndi e ty, n he nd t uc nt i e' f a r hr ug te n r kee rnga tviy.'18U. C.j 1 62() Ros camst te c ofBoz t sf s ac te i ci t ' S. 9 c . e li ha a h orh' ale c rii to ofac r die i sorsausco tt t sas pa a eac ofm alo wiefa whih e tfcai ns c e t d nve t t t nsiu e e r t t i r r r ud, c t t rf m a t te n ofr c t rng a i t ' n vi a i ofR1 . Ros s ks oge he or k 'r pa t a ke ee i ctviy' i ol ton CO 2 e ee c ompe aor da nst y mage ,te eda s rbl mage pu s ntt 1 U. C.j1 c , tveda s rua o 8 S. 964() punii mage i sn t a ountof$350,000,a an a d ofat ney' f esa d c t . he m nd war tor s e n oss3 Thede enda smove t dimi sRos sco ant Be or t c te d consde f nt d o s s e' mpli . f e he our oul i r t emotons ho ve ,Ros fl d amoton s e ng l vet a e SeeDoc tNo. The hos i , we r e ie i e ki ea o m nd. ke 23. c tgr nt d t tm oton,w ih t de e our a e ha i t he f ndan s c en ,on D e e be 1 201 Se D oc tN o. t ' ons t c m r 8, 4. e ke 25.Ros fl d a a e d co pl i on J nua y 8,201 Se Doc tN o.28.The de e nt e ie n m nde m a nt a r 5. e ke f nda s agan m ove t dim is a g ng t tt ame d compli f ie t sae ac am f r le a i d o s s , r ui ha he nde a nt a ld o t t l i or ei f nd as f ie t al s fcintf dst s tsy Rul 23. oft Fe r lRul ofCi lPr e e. lo a ld o lege ufi e a o aif e 1 he de a es vi oc dur Thec u t l ahern o teemoin o Api20 20 5 Afe tec ute pe sdd u ta o rhed aig n h s to s n rl , i . tr h o r x rse o b s t whe he Ros sco pl i tc d w ihs a t def nda s m otonsw ih r s c t Rul 23. , o t r e' m a n oul t t nd he e nt ' i t e pe t o e 1 Ros sc e' ouns ls e oughtla t a e he c e ve o m nd r ompli t a lgeaddiina f t i s ant o le to l acs n uppor ofhe t r de i tvecli . cour pr de Ros wih f re n da d o fl a wrte moton f la rva i am The t ovi d e t ou te ys ' ie t it n i or e ve t a nd. Doc tNo. I sae t tSgl ratr t c r wilde i whehe t pemi o me ' ke ' 40.t ttd ha dthee fe,he ou t l cde t r o r t r e t a ndhe c ant l t c tde esl vet a nd,twilt nr eont Ros) o me r ompli . f he our ni ea o me i l he ul he def nda s pe ng m otonst di m i s ' 1 e nt ' ndi i o s s .' d. 2Ros alo ale t tBozolh co tedonepr caea tofba fau ,s eAm. mpl! 8 - , n e s lges ha ' mmit t edi t c nk r d e Co .! 4 91 a d t tBozo' andLeec ha rh t ommit a a to a ofmai fa wh t y mald al t c ani flesa e nt ted n ddiinal ct l r ud en he ie eter onti ng as tt me s t Ka a aGa lys ae odes I. !9 -0 o n wh - ue h rh l r.d ! 2 1 2. 3Alhou Ros orgi l s tda gesi vi l onhe own be fandalo de i tvel onbehal t gh e i naly ough ma ndi dualy r hal s rva i y f ofKa nawha- ey,s ha si eagr dt ts ha no i vi lcl m he e. eDocke No.33at8; eealo Gaul he s nc ee ha he s ndi dua ai r Se t s s NCNB Na' Ba k o No t Cao i av Ti e , 1 F.d 9 1 9 7 3 ( t Ci.1 8 ) o e l e o oh rg o n sb tl n f rh r ln . l r # 4 2 3 , 3 - 8 4 h r 9 7 , v r d n t e r u d v l ul B uh .. r-nS p l.n .8 6F.d8 3(t Ci.1 9 )(Alh u htesoc h leso ac r oainsfe svv C o u pv lc, 9 2 3 4h r 9 0 i to g h t k od r f o p rto u fr w t wh ntec r oainic r als, nyt c ro ainma vn iaei rg t. i ietyij rdp rys o l e h o p rto n us o s o l he op rto y idct t ihs An ndrcl nue at h ud s lo t terc v r o tedrcl ij rdp ry, o tewrn o ryfrrl fThsp icpl a pist RI o k o h e o ey fh iet nue at n th o gd eg o ei . i rn i e p l o CO y ) e e ca e ') s s. ' - 4 I ac or ncewih t c tsor r Ros fld amoton s e ng la t a e he n c da t he our' de , e ie i e ki e ve o m nd r c pl i o M a 4,2015.Se D oc tN o. Ros di nots i a f lpr om a nt n y e ke 43. e d ubm t ul opos d a e d e m nde c ompl i f t c tsc i e ai i tad,s pr de a ç ant or he our' onsd r ton; nse he ovi d n s ndum 'ofa tona adde ' ddii l ale tonsdes g d t s ts y Rul 23. i gr a e de a l Se Doc tN o. 3. s a ndum l ga i i ne o a i f e 1 n e t r t i. e ke 44- Thi dde r - le t tRos s ntalte t t Boa d on J y 1 201 d m a ng t ti i si t he e al ges ha e e et r o he r ul 7, 4, e ndi ha t nve tgae r conc r w ih r pec t a num be ofK a w ha G a ey i s m e t a t ti S aus t e ns t es t o r na - ul nve t n s nd ha t l e he c Coportont i taeltg ton,i nec sar t rc rda es'fom Bozo t a Lee.d,! ai o niit iiai f e s y,o e ove mag ' r rh nd I 25.Ros de nd t tt Bo r i o m he how iitnde t pr e dwihi 1 da .i e ma ed ha he a d nfr r t ne d o oc e t n 4 ys L The Boa d di notr pond w ihi t ttm e pe i whi h Ros S nt r e e asa i e i t do r d es t n ha i rod, c e t e pr t d i n nt nton o nohn . 1 ! 2 - 6. t ig' d. ! 6 2 ' Ros sad nd f t ral ge t tBoa dm e r J m Boson,And e Gils a e' de um urhe le s ha r mbe s ol t r w li, nd W ilam J on dic s d Ros slte a aKa wha Ga e boa dm e tng on Aug t2, li ohns s us e e' et r t na - uly r ei us 2 4.d. 2 . z rha dLe d dn tp riiaei t sdic sin, i e tenau eo Ros ' 01 1 ! 7 Bo o t n e i o atcp t n hi s u so gv n h tr f e s co e ns l Att ttm e Gilsa J hns t dBoson t tt y woul s ges o sdel ga nc r . d. ha i , li nd o on ol t ha he d ug t ut i e l cou elt i tga e Ros s c e nsby Augus 8,201 butt y f ie t do s by t tda e ns o nves i t e' onc r t 4, he a l d o o ha t . 1 Durng as e ntboa d meei on Aug t1 201 Gilsa J ms C ugg t d t t d. i ubs que r tng us 6, 4, li nd ol on d ese ha s no f t ra ton wa ne de 'gi n t r ce s r hol e s decson nott r m o Boz t urhe c i s e d,' ve he e nt ha e d r ' ii o e ve orh a Le a ofie sordie t s 1 !28, t oppos t ss nd e s fc r r cor. d. Boson ed hi uggesi a i itdt tt ton nd nsse ha he i si ton c i I Som ei et r al r- wihoutc uli Boson- Gilsa nve tga i ontnue. d. tm he e fe t ons tng t li nd J ohns f r e ats c a co mit e't a es Ros sco r a a nt d t at ne on o m d tpe i l m te ' o ddr s e' nce ns nd ppoi e wo tor ys asks ci c e't i si t.1 !29. kpe al ouns l'o nvetgae d. A c or ng t t a ndum , he s c alc c di o he dde t pe i ouns lr po t d t rfndi and e e r e hei i ngs r c m e tons i l ng t i co l i t tltga i w a noti t Com pa sbes e om nda i , nc udi he r nc uson ha ii ton s n he ny' t 5 itr ss t Gi i a J h o o Se tmbe 2 , 01 1 . 3 . o ns na p o dt es e il n ee tso l s nd o ns n n pe r 3 2 4. d ! 0 J h o p r ve h p ca l c e' rpor t tday;Gilsa ove i t e daysl e .d. 31 Acc di t Ros t ouns ls e tha li ppr d t hre atr 1 ! . or ng o e,he rpo tkal t e e a d e ss v r l e d ma d ma eb Ro ei h rlte . J !3 Ro e e r ( is o v n d r s e ea k y e n s d y s n e etr' . 0. s f 'Z ale st tGilsand J hns spr l ge ha li o on' ompta ovaloft r por c tt ea wr f r us lof ppr he e t onsiut ong ul ef a Ros sde ndsi vi ai oft i fd ir dutest t Co ny.d. 35. e' ma n olton her iucay i o he mpa 1 ! Thede e nt fld wrte op ii t Ros smoton f rlavet a e a t f nda s ie it n poston o e' i o e o m nd, nd he c uthe r a gume on t sm at ron J y 1 2015. e' motonf rla t a e a t ot' a d r nt hi te ul , Ros s i o e ve o m nd, nd he def nda s ea le motonst dimis ha be n f l bref The a enow rpef r viw . e nt ' ri r i o s s , ve e uly i ed. y r i or e e St andards ofRevi ew A Rul l b)6)moto t dimistsst s fce yoft plitf' c ai ,whih e 2( ( in o s s e t he ufiinc he anifs ompl nt c m us c an kas ta pl n sa e ntoft c am s t ont i t hor nd ai t t me he l i howi t tt plad i e il d t ng ha he e er s ntte o r i 'Fe R. v. 8a ;s Pr se v.CiyofChaltes le, 4F. 48 48 ( h Ci. elef' d. Ci P. () ee elv t rot vil 46 3d 0, 3 4t r 2006) W henc i rngamotont dimis t c r mus a e t welpl f t i t . onsdei i o s s ,he ou t t cc pt he l- ed acs n he c pl ntastue a m a a 1r a ona e i e e e i t pl i ifs f vor Be lAta i Cor v. om ai r nd ke 1 e s bl nf r nc s n he a ntf a , l l ntc p. Twombl 550U. 544,570( y, S. 2007) Thec r,howe r i t s boundbyt pli irslgal . ou t ve,s k o not he antf e co l i .' nd lv. tdStts 30F. 51 522( hCi.1 . s vi amotont ncusons'Ra al Unie ae , 3d 8, 4t r 994) To ur ve i o dim is t e e s s , h ompli mus c an (s fcintf dua mat r..o (t t acli ..ha i plusbl ant t ont i sufi e a l te .t sae am .t t s a i e onisf e.'As r tv.I l 5 U. 662,678( t ac '' hcof gba, 56 S. 2009) û cai hasf i plusbiiywhen .( l m A acal a i lt t pli ifpla f c ua c e t tal t co t o dr w t r s na e i e e et t he a ntf e ds a t l ontnt ha lows he ur t a he ea o bl nf r nc hat he def nda i la e f t m i c e nt s i bl or he s onduc a l ge ' 1 a 663. l pl a ng f a how e r t he t le d.' d. t n e di r ud, ve , ç t cr umsanc sc tt i fa ormitkes lbesae wihpatc aiy. Fe R. v.P,9( . ic t e onsiutng r ud sa hal ttd t riulrt ' d. Ci ' b) Thes d i c s an s ' ncl l he tm e, a e,a c e s oft f s r pr s nt t o , w e l e t r um t ce ' i ude t i pl c nd ont nt c t he ale e e e a i ns as l 6 ast i ntt oft pe s m a ng t m ir pr s ntton a wha he obt ne t r by. he de iy he r on ki he s e e e a i nd t ai d he e ' ' Ha s v. etng eSa nna Ri rCo. 1 F. 776,784( hCi.1 . nion W si hous va h ve , 76 3d 4t r 999) Rul 1 a oft Fedea RulsofCi lPr ed eprvi st t onc ars i e 5() he rl e vi oc ur o de ha, e e ponsve pl a ngha bee s r e apli ifmus s ek la ofc ti or rt a e di s n e v d, antf t e e ve our n de o mend hi c s ompli .See ant Fe R, v.P.15 a. t d. Ci ( )Alhought de sonrgadngwhehe t al apli ift a ndSess he cii e r i t r o low antf o me d t r wihi t s t n he ound dic ei n oft dititc t'M e ge ofKe uc I v.Pub.Se v. s r to he src our, di n ' nt ky. nc. r Comm' 985F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 ,Rul 1 pr dest tûe veLoa ndls l be n, 2d 64, 67 4t r 993) e 5 ovi ha ç a t me hal l fe l gve whe u tc s rq ie . Fe R. v. 1 () i f h u d ryn fcso r ey i n nj sie o e ur s' d. Ci P. 5 a .û t e n el ig a t r ' l cru tn e rle u nb apant fma beap o e s be to rle , o h t b af r e ic msa c s eid po y li i y f r p r u jc f eif he ug t o e fo d d a opporuniyt t thi cl m ont meis'Foma v. vi,371U. 1 1 ( 96 . n t t o es s ai he rt. ' n Da s S. 78, 82 1 2) The e or 'ea t ame a pladi s d bede e o y whe t a e r f e,k ve o l nd e ng houl nid nl n he m ndmentwoul be d p eu iil oteo p i pat,h r ha b e b d fi o tepat ftemo i pat, rte rj dca t h p osng ry te e s e n a at n h r o h vng ry o h h a ndme woul bef ie. J hns v. owea Fo Co.785F. 5 509( hCi.1 6) me nt d utl ' o on Or t ods , ' 2d 03, 4t r 98 (ii Foma 371U. a 1 . ctng n, S. t 82) Di si scus on Afe ca e ulc i r ton ofRos sfrtame tr r f onsde a i e' is ndedcompl nt aswela t a tona ai , l s he ddii l a l gatons s tf t i he pr le i e orh n r opos d a nd t r t t co tc l s t tRos c nnot e dde um he e o, he ur onc ude ha e a s tsy t he g e d pladi sa r a iabl t de i tvea tons The c twil aif he i ht ne e ng t nda d pplc e o rvai c i . our l t r f e de Ros sm oton t a e f f iiy.Se Elod v. c Ent Cor ,479 F. ppx. he e or ny e' i o m nd or utlt e r Bus h . p. A 55 55l( h Ci.201 (k ame 0, 4t r 2) i An ndme gs f iei t c ant a a nt iq utl f he ompli , s mende woul no d, d t wihsa amotont dimis') Acor ngl t c r wilga t defnda s pe ng t tnd i o s s . . c di y,he ou t l rnt he e nt' ndi ' m otons t di m i sRos s fr ta e d c pl i . i o s s e' is m nde om a nt Thed rv tv a to i d sg e doe f rearg tt tg)c r r to . ma p o e l eiaie ci n s e in d ç n o c ih ha a opo ai n.. y r p ry t a s r butha fie t enfr 'Fe R. v. 23.() I s r esasa' tntt g t rdr s s et s ald o oce. d. Ci P. 1a .t e v ' ' e ool) o e es po t c he ondud oft pi orunf t ulL poae ma ge n . Ar onv.Le s 473A. 805, or d aihf cor rtj na me t' ons ' wi, 2d 81 ( .1 ) ove r e onot rgoundsbyBrhm v. s ,746A. 2 ( 2000) 2 Del 983, ruld he r e Einer 2d 44 Del (ttn ta tth d rv tv a to d v lp d.. e a l s ae olest s ei t e sai g h t s j e ei ai e cin e eo e .t n be h rh d r o u n h g o c por ton' na wher t e i c r oft c or a i s me e hos n ontol he ompa r f edt a s r a cai bel ng t ny e us o s e t l m ongi o i' . dei tves ti nonehees a t ror naypr durlde c t beusdonl whe t' A rvai ui s t l s n ' a di r oce a vie,o ) ext e y n i i ce.ta tec r rto wi n ta t ord e st ealg dij r t i ef'S e a v. t s la h th opo ain l o c t e rs h le e nu y o t l. tp k r l s ' Addion,20F. 398 402 (s Ci.1 4)(ntnzlctto omitd) s 3d , 1 t r 99 i e a iain te . Ac or ng y,Rul 23. oft Fede a RuisofCi lPr d ei c di l e 1 he rl e vi oce ur mpos hei t ne es gh e d pl di sa r on pli if a s ri de i tvecai s Tha r epr vi st tany ea ng tnda ds antfs s e tng rvai l m . t ul o de ha c antpur tngt beadei tvea tonmus (saewihpatc a iy( a efo tby ompli pori o rvai ci tstt t riulrt A) ny f r t pl i ift obt i t desr d ac i n fom t diec or ore pa a e a hor t ml i he a ntf o a n he ie to r he r t s om r bl ut iy d, f n c say,r m t es ae od r o me e s a d( t era o f rn t b ann tea to o e e s r fo h h r h les r mb r ; n B) h e s n o o o ti ig h ci n r n tma n tee f r. F d. Ci. 231b ( ) Th sd ma drq ie n C me g sfo te o kig h fo t' e R. v P. .( )3 . i e n e urme t k r e r m h ' e ba i pr nc pl ofc por t gove na pr di t tt boa d ofdiec or r t ns t po e s c i i e or a e r nce ovi ng ha he r r t s e ai he w r t di e ta busne s s polc esa ac i ns'i l di ide i i ofwhe he t pur ue l w s t i o rc i s ' i i nd to ' nc u ng t c sons t r o s a uis n t i e es oft cor r to o s r hol r . M o efe dv. l 959 F. he nt r t he po ai n r ha e de s' r il Baiev, ' supp. 88 897 zd 7, ( D. 201 . ,ûplea ngbot t ( antf s de nd ( t c portonlandt E. Va. 3)Thus tr l di h he pli if l ma on he or ai he c por ton' r f a t c or ai s e us l o ompl t r wih i ane e s r pr c ton t brngi a s r ho de y he e t s c s a y e ondii o i ng ha e l r de i tve ac i ' l a 895. r va i ton.' d. t Att out et t cour not t tt pari i taly di put whet Ros sJul 2014 he s , he t es ha he tes nii l s ed her e' y l t rc tt ed a de a unde Rul 23. a al.Se e. , oc tN o.8 at8 9; oc tNo.1 ete ons iut m nd r e 1 t l e. c. D ke - D ke 4 8 a 3- l t i mor r ce a g e s howeve ,t pa te a t 4. n her e e nt r um nt, r he ris ppea t as ume a m uc a ro s s h nd i t d f uson whehe t Boa d pr ry c i r d a r us t tde nd,Se Docke nsea oc t r he r ope l onsde e nd ef ed ha ma e t No. a 4- Doc tN o.45a 6- Doc tNo. a 2- 1 Doc No.48 a 3- Forpur e 44 t 6; ke t 7; ke 46 t 1 ' ket , t 4. pos s oft sde son,her f e, hec t s hi cii t e or t our as umeswihoutdecdi t tRos sl t rwasa de t i ng ha e' ete mand unde W e tVigi a lw .4The c twili t a f usisatenton on whe he Ros spr e r s r ni a our l nse d oc t t i t r e' opos d a lga i s fcen l demonsr t t tt Boa d' r f a oft tde a wa wr f .Sç le tons uf i ty tae ha he r s e us l ha m nd s ong ul ç Le nev. t 591A. 1 4, 2( 1 1 ) over edonot rgr vi Smih, 2d 9 21 De. 991, rul he oundsbyBrhm v. e Eine ,7 A. 244( l2000)(i ngal to t tt pli ift dedema a t s r 46 2d De. fndi legains ha he antf s ma nd nd he boadwr ngf l r usd he de n t tkea ton's tsyRul 23.) r o uly ef e r ma d o a ci ' aif e 1. Co p rt die r aee tte t t x riet err ao a eb sn s j dg n a d r o ae rdo s r n ild o t ees h i e s n bl u ie s u me t n e wai al lrg ve t d i t c por ton i t be ift tisbes i e esswilbepr o e ve ega i ht se n he or a i n he le ha t t nt r t l om t d byno i itngons hrgh . Dal l omeFundv. 46 U. 523,532- ( 98 .s e t nssi uc i t' iy nc ' Fox, 4 S. 33 1 4) e , Mecirv. a ns p, F. zd 5 5 ( D. , 2009)(d- ke prncpl i r e Blnke hi 662 supp. 62, 74 S. W Va. illhe y i i e n f t i ae o j rs r d n eg i t ttedrdo saee t ldt ap e u to t a t e wee h s r a f u ip u e c l s ha h ie r r ni e o rs mpi n h t h y r t fihf t t rfducir dutes'nr usngpli ifsde ndf ltgai . ,osaea at ulo hei i ay i 'i ef i antf ma or ii ton) Thus t tt vi bl de i tve c am ,apl n ifwho al st tac por t boa d wr ngf l r us d he a e rva i l i aitf lege ha or ae r o uly ef e r mus t l e a pr f t r buti t l sa ng pr s t t eg nd ove ac s e tng he ong-t ndi al e umpton.. t vai iy ofa i .of he ldt n e ecs o b i s j d me t'Al s nv. n M oo sCo p, 0 F.u p. 1 6 1 2 ( De . x r ie f usne s u g n . l o Ge . tr r .6 4 s p 1 0 , 1 2 D. l ' i 1 .Specfc ly,hepli ip mus algepatc ai dfcss 985) iial t antf t le riulrze a t uggesi t ttt boad tng ha ûhe r 4Fe alRul 23,louti pladi rquiem e sf dervai s t, i t t s tofi posnga der e lnes e ng e r nt or i tve uis but t k ops hor m i ny s r quie nt oft de nd' di nsonsorc e s'M or fed,959F. e r me s he ma s me i ontnt. ' eil supp. a 8 il fder de i i zd t 95.sn e al rvatve s e ders t,t sat ofi m or i dei st sa d f e l tngs fce ofde a al tons. harhol uis he t e nco aton fne he tndar or vauai ufiincy m nd legai ' ' I W es Vigi al t c r sher W e tVigi aRul ofCi lPr du e23. tac Fe alRul 23. ; d. t r ni aw hus ontol e. s r ni e vi oce r l r ks der e l how e r onl lm ie W es Vigi ac e l c i r t tr e SeeW a dv. elRa ohCo.63 S. 61 ve , y i td t r ni as aw onsde s ha ul. r Hot ndol , E. 3 ( . .1 0 )M o r v Le s u g& R. Rv. , 3S. 7 2( . .1 7 . ec u th rfr as c n ies W Va 9 9 . oe . wib r , E. Co.9 E. 6 W Va 91 )Th o r teeo e lo o sd r ca e1w i epr tngot rsm iarsaer est bei tuci . s a ntr ei he i l tt ul o nsr tve 9 et rwa t n edby s fi e e t a t d i ba f ihorfa ul nty,o ,i ce ti c e s ihe s ait el-ntr s, c e n d at r ud e l r n ran ontxt , t oug gr sne i nc f ie t r ac a i onne de ii n. 1 The c tfndst tRos has hr h os glge e al d o e h n nf d c so ' d. ' our i ha e f ie t do s i t sc e. a ld o o n hi as Fis,Ros hasnotal d s tce f c st s s t tt Boa d wa m otvaed by rt e lege ufi int a t o ugge t ha he r s i t s l-nt r to o he wie lc d i pe nc A bo z lc i e nde whe i ç set r efi e es r t r s a ke nde nde e. a d a ks nd pe nce n t s ihe i dom i t by a of i rordiec orwho i t pr na ed n fce r t s he opone oft c le nt he ha l nged ta a ton, r ns c i or g nlt boadi s unde t tdie t ' i l ncet tisdicei i seii d. M ecir whe he r s o r ha rcors nfue ha t srton s trlze ' r e , ' 662 F. supp. a 575, olh a Le - t t boa d membe swho nec s rl ha a zd t Boz ' nd e he wo r t r es a iy d pe s lsa i whehe Ka wha- ul y fl d s ti a or ncewih Ros sde nd- d d r ona t ke n t r na Ga e ie ui n cc da t e' ma i notpa tci t i t Boa d' dic son ofRos sde a t a nt e oft s cal ri pa e n he r s s us i e' m nd, he ppoi m nt he pe i c ouns lt i tga et de e o nvesi t he mand,o t a i n o t s calc r he dopto f he pe i ouns ' r c els e omm e ton not nda i t fl s t Se Adde o ie ui. e ndum !27. eas fist al fcss si t tt s cil Ros lo al o lege a t ugge tng ha he pe a c ouns ls i tga i orG ils a J l s s a pton oft s i lc e ' nves i ton, li nd o m on' do i he pec a ouns l sr po t w as e ' e r, sme o how i l nc d by Bozorh orLe l e Ros e i il a l gest tG ils ha nt ue e t e. nde d, e xplc ty le ha li d que tone Boz t si sme son prorocc sons whi h i ist theope atd si d orh' nve t nt i a i , c mple ha r e id pe d n l Se t.! 1 Ro e' alg t nssmpyd n tiug e tara o a ed u t h t n e n e ty. e ls 3. s s l ai i l o o s g s e s n bl o b t a l e o s teBo r wa a tn i adsn eetda dide n e tma n r' e i rj ce Ro e s h ad s ci g n iitr se n n pe d n n e'wh n t ee td s ' de nd. sv. lon,648F.Supp.725,728( D.11 1 6) ma Lewi Hit N. 1. 98 . Ros lke s f ist r ier s e i wie al o a s ea onabl doubt r a di whe he Gilsa J e s eg r ng t r li nd ohns n o a tdi g c e n ood f ih.Se A li on, F. at e ls 604 supp. t 11 W ihouts e pa tc a i ed f c ua a 22. t om ri ul r z a t l a l ga i t t c r r t co tm us pr s e t td he diec or ofa co po a i n a t d. .n le tons o he ont a y, he ur t e um ha ç t r t s r r to c e .i go f ih a i t hones bele t tt a ton t ke w asi t bes i e e t o t od a t nd n he t i f ha he c i a n n he t nt r s s f he c ompa 'Le ne, A. a 207(ntr lquottonmaksa cttonsomit l s eW . ny. vi 591 2d t i ena ' ai r nd iai ted ; e Va. 10 Codej31 8-30() I he pr e algains Ros a a st s D- 8 a .n r oposd le to , e ppe r o ugges t tGilsa t ha li nd J on' fiuet ç ns t' t Bosonr lcsba fih.S Adde ohns s alr o é ul'wih t efe t d at #e co ndum !29. , t Butas he defnda snot,igj lw meeypr bist icl i ofi e etddiecor,nott e nt e sthe a rl ohi t he n uson ntr se r t s he e cuso o dsnee tdo e . Do k t 4 a 4. li a dJ h s n amao i o x l in f ii tr se n s' c e No. 6 t Gils n o n o , j rt f ' y Ka wh - uly' dsn eetddr do s we ee tte t c nsd ra drj c Ro e sd ma d. na a Ga e s iitrse ie r, r n ild o o ie n ee t s ' e n Se Abrmowizv.Pos r 51 F. e a t ne , 3 supp.1 1 29( D. . 1 ) Ros sa ndum doe 20, 26- S. N Y. 981 . e' dde s noti l a pariulrze ale tonsofde e i orunde ha nc ude ny tc a i d lga i c pton r nded s ; heco tsmpl ne s t ur i y ca nnoti e ba f ih unde s h cic sa e . nf r d a t r uc r um t nc s Ros al o f ist s f c e l a l ge t tG ils a J hns m a a uni or e e s a l o uf i i nty le ha li nd o on de n nf m d dec son. r t sç veadut t i onn t m s ves prort m a nga b i s decson, ii Diecor d ha y o nf he el , i o ki usne s ii of a1 m aera i or ton r as l t il nf ma i e onabl a lbl t t . Ar on,473A. a 81 Diecor f i y vaia e o hem ' ons ' 2d t 2. r t s a l t dos onl whe t yma a uni ome de sont oug û os neglge 'L. o o y n he ke n nfr d cii hr h d s i nce. ds gr 'z Ac or ngt Ros sa lga i , li a J on r t i i pe nts c a c c di o e' le tons Gils nd ohns e aned nde nde pe i l ouns lt c o i tga ehe de a . ts calc nvesi t r m nds Tha pe i ouns li si t dt c e nst tRos outi d i e nve tga e he onc r ha e lne n he dema l te ,i udi whehe Boz t si sment we eulr vies whehe Ka wha r nd e tr ncl ng t r orh' nve t s r ta r ; t r na Ga cy quai d asa k cc e t d i t r'whehe andt wha e e Bozo t si t e s ul lfe n t r die nveso i' t r a o t xt nt rh' nvesm nt ha m e t Compa a whehe Ka r d he ny; nd t r nawha- uly s d s Ga e houl uppor o r ss Ros sde i tve t r e it e' rva i l ui.Se Doc tNo.29 2. tma ey,s c a c uns lr c aws t e ke - Uli t l pe i l o e e omm e d t tt sltga i wa nde ha hi ii ton s noti t b ti e e t oft Com pa Se i a 11 1 U nde W es Vi gi a l w , ils a n he es nt r s s he ny. e d. t - 2. r t r ni a G li nd J o wer e il t rl ont sa c SeeW . Codej31 8- e ( ovi ngt t ohns n e ntted o ey hi dvie. Va. D- 830() pr di ha co por t d r c or ar e ild t r y o t a c ofl ga co elt st m at r i vi r ae ie t s e ntte o el n he dvi e e l uns t o te s nvol ng a s lso e riekhe r s na ybeiveg 't bewihi t tc elsd of sona o kil r xpe ts t yl ea o bl le dl'o t n ha ouns ' t esi l r pr e r co tnc ' . xpet mpee e' ) Ros a gue t tt s i c e r s ha he pecal ouns lsrpor f ist c i re x que to pos d i he e ' e t a l o onsde ve y si n e n x de mandlte , ki Gilsa J o d osl uni or d'byi.Se Adde etr ma ng li nd ohns n ' sy nf me ' t e gr ndum ! 30,33, ! The c ti c ta ne t di a e S r r i no pr c i pr e e orf nn a Boa d m us our s onsr i d o s gr e. t he e s es rbed oc dur o r t f l whe r s olow n e pondi t ade a lte . La e v,O' al 773 F. ng o m nd et r' mbr ht ' Ne , supp. 3 348 49 zd 30, - ( D. Y. 1 ) s eBao v. if No 1 5 1 9 W L 6 6 7 , t+ 0( 1 Ch. t 1 , S. N. 20 1 ; e r n Sf, . 51 2, 9 7 6 9 3 a 1 De. Oc. 7 1 (; r f a lte ' .fiur t c anapoi - pon rs et alale to i t 997) i The eus l etrs..al e o onti ntby- it e pons o 1 lgains n he de mand lte doesnotsa f t pr ii t tt Boa d di no c i t de a et r t nd or he oposton ha he r d t onsder he m nd beor rf i i.) He e t s cilc e' rpo to lne t Boa d' dutesi conne ton f e eusng t' . r ,he pe a ouns ls e r uti s he r s i n ' ci w ih Ros sde t e' mand a diecl add e s t s tnceofhe c nd r ty r s es he ubsa r once ns SeeDo tNo. 2 r . cke 44a 4- 1. tma e y,s ci c t 1 Uli t l pe al ouns lco l d t ts e ncude ha uppori Ros slws twasnoti t tng e' a ui n he Co pa sbes i e essf anum be ofr a ons i l ngt e ns ofltga i t m ny' t nt r t or r e s , ncudi he xpe e ii ton, he lkelhood ofr ovey,t l kofi ur nc covea a iabl andohe f t s JJ a 1 The i i ec r he ac ns a e rge val e, t r acor.-a t 2. ( c ur c ude t tG ils a J o t oncl s ha li nd ohns r s bl i or e t m s l by r l ng on t s on ea ona y nf m d he e ves e yi hi r tSe La eh,773F. zda 3 - (idi c port boadr s yi or d epor, e mbr t supp. t 4849 fn ng or ae r eaonabl nf me w he is r f a l te a r s d t s t nc ofpl i if sde a l te sa cied a û os n t e us l e t r dd es e he ubs a e a ntf m nd e t r nd t t t c be fta l i ' i c udi t tpur ui pl i t f de a w asnoti t com pa s be t ne i na ys s' n oncl ng ha s ng a n ifs m nd n he ny' s i ees) ntr t. Be a eRos spr e a tona al gai nsdo nots tsy t he g e plad ng c us e' opos d ddii l le to a if he i ht ned e i r r m e sofRul 23. ,t co tc l st ts h a equie nt e 1 he ur oncude ha uc mendme woul bef ie. c t nt d utl The our wilt e or de Ros l vet a e t c l her f e ny e ea o m nd he ompl i .Se Elod,479 F. ant e r Appx. t551 a . Acc di y, hee twilg a t de e nt 'pr vi l fl m o i nst dim ist or ngl t our l r nt he f nda s e ousy-ied to o s s he c pl i f f iur t c por w ih Rul 23.l. om a nt or a l e o om t t e 5 C one us on l i Fort r s s a e t cou twilde R os l a t a e t com pl nta g a t he ea ons t t d, he r l ny e e ve o m nd he ai nd r nt he de e nt 'm oto t dim is Thec t l de t def nda s m o i f s nc i The f nda s i ns o s s . our wil ny he e nt ' ton or a tons. Clr i die t d t s nd ce tfe c e oft sme andu opi on a t a c ek s rce o e riid opi s hi mor m ni nd he c ompa ng or r nyi de t a1 co e ofr c d. o l uns l e or ENTER:Ths Y & d yo Aug t2 5 i a f us, 01 . % l Chi Unie St t Diti tJ ef t d aes src udge 5 ' BozorhandLeeas m ove t dim isRos sc pl n ba edont PlvaeSe urtesLii ton Ref m t lo do s s e om ait s he .i t c ii tga i or Ac CI LRA', iha n e 1 U. C. 1 6 t ei natsc rte fa dfo tel t fpe iata t ta cn t PS ' whc me d d 8 S. j 9 4 o l t e uiis ru rm h i o rdct cs h t a I mi s f r t bassofaprvat ci lRI cai SeeDoc No. a 6- Tha s cton now pr de t tç pe s o m he i i e vi CO l m. ket 30 t s. t e i ovi s ha t ron no m a r y upon a conduc t woul havebe n a i bl asfa i t pur has ors eofs cu ii t esa ih a y el ny t hat d e ctona e r ud n he c e al e rtes o tbls I CO! olto . 1 U. C. 1 6 () Th c u t e dn ta d est sag me th r, st c u t a ara yfu RI vi ain' 8 S. j 9 4c. e o rn e o d rs hi ru n ee a he o r h s le d o nd ' t tRos sc ai mus bedimis d frf iu et s tsyRul 23. . ha e' ompl nt t s s e o alr o aif e l Bozo t a Le haveas 5l amoi f s tonsunde Rul lloft Fe alRul ofCi l rh nd e lo ed ton or anci r e he der es vi Prc d r. eDo k t 5 Ruel ()rq rsa yatre prs nigapla igt t ec u toc riyta,o o e ue Se c e No. 2. l lb e uie n ton y e etn edn o h o rt et h tt f teb s o hio h rk wld e ih camsd fnssa doh rlg l o tnin (setdteen aewm a tdb h et f s r e no e g ,t e li , ee e , n te v a c ne to s asre h ri) r ne y exitng lw orby anonfi ousa gume f re endi modiyig,o r ve sng e si lw orf esa ihi new si a rvol r nt o xt ng, f n r e r i xitng a or tbls ng lw. Thedecson ofwhehe t i es nci r sswihi t dic ei oft dititc t SeeM ori v. a ' ' ii t r o mpos a tons e t t n he s r ton he src our. rs W ah i Se uiis lc, 4 F.d2 8 2 7(t Ci. 0 6 .ntermoin Bo o t a dLe aktec u to c ova c rt .n .4 8 3 6 , 7 4h r2 0 ) l h i to , z rh n e s h o rt e sn t Ros'c u sl ae o tefctattRI cam asre i tefsa n t cmplitsge sdo aci on es o ne bsd n h athth CO li setd n h it me dd o an i rmie n r Boz t 'ale fau S ci bl i conne tonwiht pur ha eors eofs urte ,' c i C ohl tdby t orhs lged r d û tona e n a ci t he c s al ec iis'whih s t bie pr he panlng a eo l U.. j1 6 ()'Do k t . 2a 3 li a u g f 8 SC. 9 4c. c e No 5 t . ' Th cour agr swih BozorhandLe t tsg fca pe s sv aut iys sst t PSLRA woul e t ee t t e ha inii nt r ua ie hort ugge t hathe d Ikel pr ve Ros fom as e tngavibl ci lRI cai . owe r net rt Supr m eCour nort Fourh i y e nt e r s ri a e vi CO l m H ve , ihe he e t he t Cic thasexplcil c tue t p a ei tona ea fa i t pu c eors eofs urte 't i l t r ui i ty onsr d he hr s ç i bl s rud n he r has ac al ec iis' o ncude he p e ietpeo alg to sma ei tefrta n e c mp an . e M o rs 4 8F.d a 2 7 ( o ig t a K th l g l r cs y f l ai n d n h is me d d o l it S e ri, 4 3 t 7 n tn h t t l e e a e E ar e mus havea olt l no c eofs c sunde t e si pr ce nt'ow ar ntsncinsunde Rul gum nt t bs u ey hanc uc es r he xitng e de 't ra a to r e l ) Clv ln De l inCo,n . . c nSca Co p, 27F.d98 , 8(t Ci.l 8 )(fimigi sto o 1, e ea d moio .lc v Az o rp r .8 2 4 98 4h r 9 7 af n mpo i n f . t r i Rue 1 s n t n wh r ce r bidn p e e n s o d ta t ep an if o l n t r v i o iscam) Th c u t l 1 a c i s e e la , n ig r c de t h we h t h litf c ud o p e al n t li . e o r o fndsRul 11s tonsunwa r ntd hee,s i wilde t defnda s mo i i e anci r a e r o t l ny he e nt ' ton.
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