Ayres v. Kyanite Mining Corporation, No. 3:2014cv00011 - Document 39 (W.D. Va. 2015)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/16/2015. (mab)
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Ayres v. Kyanite Mining Corporation Doc. 39 I THE UN I N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STRI O F V I I I CT RG N A CHA RLO TTESV I LLE D I I ON V SI RAN D Y A Y RES, fdwRK' OFFI U.S. ST. w : CE DI COURT ATRG NOKE,V A Fi LED J 1s 2 1 UL 95 JULK c. BY; czzyx ' . DE U Pl i if a ntf , Ci lA c i N o.3: 4- vi ton 1 CV 00011 M EM O R AN DU M O PIN IO N K Y AN I M I N G COR P. TE NI , By: Hon.Gln E.Conr d e a Chi U nie St t s D it i tJ ef t d a e s r c udge Def nt enda . Thi c vi ac i n a i esunde t Em pl s i l to r s r he oyee Re i e e l om e Se ur t A c of 1 tr m nt nc c iy t 974 (t SA') 29U. C.jj1001q s q.ti pr e l beor t c to t pari 'motonsf û ERl ', S. t e I s es nty f e he our n he tes i or s mmayj g n . o t ef lo n ra o s t ec u t l g a t h moinf rs mmay u r ud me t F r h o lwi g e s n ,h o r wil r n t e to o u r j d me tfldb Dee d n Ky nt M iig Co po ainCs a i ' a d d n t emoinf r u g n ie y fn a t a ie nn r rto Ky nt ), n e y h to o e s mmayj dg n fldb Plitf Ra d Ay e . u r u me t i y an if n y r s e Fact and ProceduralB ackzround ual The f l i f c s a e t ke f om t a i s r tve r or Se M c ur a v. G C Fl t olow ng a t r a n r he dm nit a i ec d. e M r y A a Gls N. , 2: a s A.No. 09CV00077,201 W L 31559 a * ( . Va Aug.1 201 ( tngt tt 0 93, t 2 W D. . 0, 0) noi ha he adm i s r tve r or pr de t i pl t f t lpr di a e ' ort c tsr vi w i ERI nit a i ec d ovi s he s com e e ac ua e c t ' f he our ' e e n SA aci s h a t sone ;Docke No. (dmi sr i rcod) tons uc s hi l t 27 a nitatve e r . Ayr wor d f Kya t fom Febnz r 1 untlFe ua y 1 es ke or nie r a y 988 i br r 999. a 1 1 Asa R. t 35, 69. Kya t e o e Ay e wa ei i et pa tcpae i t koya t M i ng Co pa Pr i nie mpl ye , r s s lgbl o rii t n he s nie ni l m ny oft Shai a 401k)Sa ngsPln'(hei a ',a e oye be ftpl t tprvi df pr irng nd ( vi a ' t k n' n mpl e nei an ha o de or oft P1 ) s rngi a or nc wih ist ms SeeR. t149( a asef tveAprl1 1 asa nde hai n cc da e t t er . a - P1n, feci i , 997, me d andrsae wihvai a ndmenst rt ;R. t50- 31( a asefe tveAprl1 2006,a ettd, t rous me t heeo) a 1 P1n, fci i , s Dockets.Justia.com a nt ne i i mt or i pa , o ame da r t ed . ThePl n m ai ai d aproftsharng accot f each partci nt t nde nd esat )1 w hi h K ya t m ade c rbutons e c yea , de e ne by t Kyanie Boa d ofD iec or i c nie ont i i a h r as t nni d he t r r t sn is di c e i R . t 18 1 The Pl n pr de t t upon t r i ton ofe pl e , he t s r ton. a , 6. a ovi d ha , e m na i m oym nt t diti a ebaanc ofapa tcpan ' a coun Ss lbediti e t t tr nae g arii nt srbutbl l e rii ts c t ihal srbutd o he emi td pl tcpa as s aspr t c bl f l ng t cl e oft Pl n Y e ri w hi h he t nni t s oon ac i a e olowi he os he a a n c e na e empl e ..'R. t23- ThePl n a s pr dedt t i t e ntofS nc a ha ds p, a oym nt .' a 24. a lo ovi ha , n he ve l sna i l r hi ' ' pari i ntc d r c i l nsfo hi ve t i er s i hi pr i s rng a c .R.a 29tcpa oul e e ve oa r m s sed nt e t n s ott ha i c ount t 30. l e es w asc ge on t s l nsa a r t ofpr m e pl o pe ce t ge poi .R.a 31. nt r t har d he e oa t a e i us ne r n a nt t Unde t t msoft Pln,a Admi srtveCommite(i r he er he a n nitai te d commite' i te ponsbl te ' s t s i e ) r f t ge a ad i sr ton oft Pl n a s r s o of' he Pl n' a s t R.a 6,35- 56, or he ner l m ni t a i he a nd upe vi i n t a s s e s. t 38, 8 91. Commitei c r wiht nsr i a i eprti t Plna de i i al 9- The te s haged t d tugngl nd ntr e gngl he a nd cdlngj l co quesi r ltngt ei biiya pa ntofbeneis't klng adeer nainast t tons eai o lgi lt nd yme ftk d i ) t mi to o he ' ma r g ofa pe s t a be ii' nd r que tng a r c vi f o a pa tci nta K ya t a i ht ny r on o neft' a e s i nd e ei ng r m r i pa nd nie ny i or toni ma Ce ona yrquiet deemi .t be ispa et e c ( a tcpan . nf mai t y c as bl e r o tr ne..he neft yabl o a h plrii t' r ' R .a 35,8 The Com m it e hasdi c e i S o i t r e t t r soft Pl n a t de de t 9. te s r ton t n e pr t he e m t he a nd o ci f c uala ot rquesi r l tng t e i biiy f , ntte e t a pa e ofbe ft . a t nd he tons e a i o lgi lt or e il m nt o, nd ym nt ne is The Com m it e' r s na e i e pr t t o oft Pl n a f t lde e m i tons c e ni be ft te s ea o bl nt r e a i ns he a nd ac ua t r na i onc r ng ne i i s s a e bi ng o Pa tci nt . R.a 90. s ue r ndi n r i pa s' ' t W hie e pl d a Kyanie Ayr pa tci t d i t Pl a m ai ai d a pr k- ha i l m oye t t , es ri pa e n he an nd nt ne ot s rng a c u twhc wa heda a mi itr db F rtVignaBa k(t rt r i i' , tu teo c o n , ih s l nd d nsee y is r ii n s s Vigna' a r se f Fi ) t Pln. a 1 1 - I 1 he a R. t 35, 41 42. n 997,Ay e a id f a $7, 0. l n fom hi a cou . n r s pple or 30 00 oa r s c nt l lt nERI c u eo a t nb s do ted nil fb n ft a cu sa tet be ei aed ne , n te tAl l SA a s f ci ae n h e a o e eis c re th i n fs r e id a d h o me t plni efc whe t ed cso t d n be eis( sma ji c nr ln . Mc limsv Mer Liels Co.1 2 a n fe t n h e iin o e y n f wa de s o tol g' Wil t i ' a . to. f n . , 7 F.d8 3(t Ci.1 9 )(a l) p bih di f la 1 9 WL 6 2 5,t* ( t Ci. e .1 ,1 9 ) 3 6 4h r 9 9 tbe, u l e n ul t 9 9 s 4 7 a 2 4h r F b 1 9 9 . 2 a s iton wih t sl n,Ay esa hi wieco plt d s ve alf m s i udi apa tcpa s oca i t hi oa r nd s f m e e e r or , ncl ng ri i nt l n a i ton f m ,a s oa pplca i or pous lc e f m ,a a pr i s y not a s curt ag e m ent R . a ons nt or nd om s or e nd e iy r e . a 1 1 . c c wa is df t sl nonJ ne1 1 R. t1 (a ld c c . t t 57- 61 A he k s s ue or hi oa u 7, 997. a 62 c ncee he k) Tha c k w a a e s d t A yr s sho e addr s ,and w a r l c e asa l n i hi pr i - ha i hec s ddr s e o e' m es s efe t d oa n s oft s r ng account.R .at 15153. l 1 Ay esa i d f a$1 5 00 l n fom hi a c , pore y t f home n 998, r pple or 0,00. oa r s c ount pur tdl o und r nova i .R.a 1 4. yr com pl t d apa tc pa l a a t i a i f m ,a s a em e of e tons t 6 A es ee ri i nt o n u hor z ton or t t nt S m m e a e a he fna i ne ' a t x w ihhol ng f m ,a s t i di t nd avy i nc al ed, a t di or ' pous lcons ntf m ,a a a e or nd n i t l e not R.a 1 68.The di bur e en oft s l n w a r f e t d i A yr s sac ount ns alm nt e. t 63s s m t hi oa s elce n e' c s a e e s R .a 1 53. t t m nt . t 52- The doc en s r l t d t t sl n r f e tt s m e hom e a e sas um t e a e o hi oa e l c he a ddr s us t dibur et 1 l n.Ther or doe notco an a c nceed c ck f t sl ed o s s he 997 oa ec d s nt i a l he qr hi oan, how ever. Folow i t t r i ton ofhi e pl en a Kya t i Fe a y 19 A yr l ng he e m na i s m oym t t nie n bnz r 99, es s ubmit d a é e ton For f Rolo rDiti i , sgne on Fe u r 26,1 te n t c i El m or l ve srbutons' i d ' br a y 999, eque tng r si t a a1f n si hsp o h-h rn a c u tb dibu s dt hm a ta bedsrb to s's b e t h t l u d n i r f s a ig c o n e s re o i s s xa l itiu in , u j c t ' t f de a a s a e t x w ihhol ngs R . t 1 71 On A pr l2,1 o e r l nd t t a t di . a 70- . i 999,Kya t a hor z d a 1 nie ut i e 00% di t i i ofA y es sac ount pa bl t A yr a t s s rbuton r ' c , ya e o es t he mne hom e a es a hi prorl ns R . ddr s s s i oa . at1 73. Apr l1 1 70- On i 6, 999, r tV igi a s ntAyr a l te confr i t di t i i Fi s r ni e es e t r im ng he s rbuton pr e s R . t 1 Thi l te e a ne t tt i ta pr e dsofAyr s s a c oc s . a 74. s e t r xpl i d ha he nii l oc e e ' c ount l s f de al , es e r and s a e t xes w e e dit i e on A prl 1 1 t t a , r s rbut d i 5, 999,a t ta s c dit i i w oul be m a nd ha e ond s rbuton d de oncet 1 Plnal tonshadbe nc imed.J . he 999 a locai e onfr #z Ac r ng t Pl n r co ds Fis Vigni diti ed $5, 26t Ayr son Aprl1 co di o a e r , r t r i a srbut 875. o e i 5, 1 999, hi w a ca c a e by de e m i ng 8 ofA yr s s a c w ch s l ul t d t r ni 0% e ' c ountba a e a M a ch 31 1 l nc s r , 998 3 ( 3 ,3 3 ) a dte s b rcigt baa c o hi o ttn i p o s o yn ts( 7 1 48 ) $ 0 1 4.8 , n h n u ta tn he ln e f s u sa dng r mis r o e $1 ,3 .7 , f dea txe ( 026. ) a saetxe ( , 38) R.a 155.OnJ 23,1 Fis Vigi a e rl a s $6, 87 , nd tt a s $1205. . t une 999, rt r ni diti e $7,20. t Ayr ,whihwast gr sa srbutd 1 52 o es c he os mountofhi rmani baa e( 36 1 ) s e i ng lnc $9, 9.0 , mi fde a t ( , 8 a saetxes( 74. . a 1 - 1 Ay e ' tna pr inus e r laxes $1873.2) nd tt a $3 76) R. t 4142, 56. r ss i l oft s r ng a coun s a e e ,f rt pe i f om Aprl 1 1 t M a c 31, ha i c t t t m nt o he r od r i , 999 o r h 2000, e l c st ta1 r f e t ha 1 diti i wer madea t tt c osng baa eofhi ac ountwasze o. a 1 The srbutons e nd ha he l i lnc s c r R. t 53. r or doesnotc a n c nc l d c ksf rt s 1 dibur e e s ec d onti a e e hec o he e 999 s s m nt . l orar n ound Fe ua y 2011, yr s c a t d K ya t Contole R o H udgi , a m i br r A e ont c e nie r lr n ns cl i ng t the ne rr e ve t 1 l n o t 1 di t i i fom hi a oun . . t 1 ha ve ec i d he 998 oa r he 999 s rbutons r s cc t R a 35. A lhough K ya t sr or r t e t d t tt e t a a tons ha be n m a i r que t d r or t nie' ec ds e l c e ha hos r ns c i d e de, t e s e ec ds fom BB&T, c ha ac r Fis Vigi a i 2003. a 1 36.TheBB&T r pr e t tve r whi h d quied r t r ni n R. t 34e es n a i w asuna e t l a e a r c ds oft e t a a tons be us i m a nt i d r co dsf onl bl o oc t ny e or hes r ns c i , ca e t i a ne e r or y s ven ye r .R . t 1 Acc di l t BB& T r pr s nt tve s e a s a 33. or ng y, he e e e a i ugges e t tA y e r vi hi t d ha r s e ew s own bank sae e sa tx r c dst de e m i wheherhehadr eve t dibur e nt . t tm nt nd a e or o t r ne t ec i d he s s me s R. at1 34. n r pons A yr ' wi e s a e t the ha no fl d t xe s nc l a ng Kyanie, 33- l es e, es s f t t d ha d t ie a s i e e vi t becaus he had notbeen em pl e oyed.R.at132.She al s at t A yr beleved tt m oni so t ed hat es i she es hag be nmia oprae s how. I dj e s ppr itd ome ' d. ' On Aprl26,2011 t Com m it di c s d Ayr ' cl i .R.a 1 l m us d t t i , he tee s us e es s a m t 38. t e ha , bec us A yr ha r e ve a W - f hi e pl e i a e es d ec i d 2 or s m oym nt ncom e f om K ya t i 1 r nie n 999,he lke y i l had t f l a t r urn f t year.1d.A ccor ngl t Com m it s a l t t A yr ,i o ie ax et or hat di y, he tee ent eter o es n whi i encos d a f r by whih hec d r que thi 1 t x r t n.R.a 1 39.Tha l te ch t l e o m c oul e s s 999 a eur t 38t et r alosaedt tçgl pa n unst apa tci ntt ta tdtna i ss ha ale be n s tt ha dto y mo t o ri pa ha udie i ncal ay ve rady e diti e woul unusl pe lz t rmani pa tcpa si t ( ln. l srbutd d j ty naie he e i ng rii nt n he P)a ' d. ' 4 On M a 1 2011 t Comm it eagan wr et Ayr , ovi ng ç or lno i oft y 7, , he te i ot o es pr di i ma tce he f Commite' decso wihr pe tt g s cam f be ft a t e ai g s rght i te s iin t es c o hil li or neis nd o xpl n hij i s n ac or nc w ih t cl i s pr ed esunde t P1 n.' . t 1 - Tha l tero lne t c da e t he a m oc ur r he a ' R a 41 44. t e t uti d he c onol ofe nt pr c pia i A yr ' c ai ,a w el ast doc ent ton on w hi h t hr ogy ve s e i t tng es s l m s l he um a i c he Com m it e r le i de ng hi cl i .1 The Com m i t e pha i e t ta loft Pl n' te e i d n nyi s a m d. tee m s z d ha 1 he a s r or r tecedt tAyr ha r c ve t mnount owedt hi ,a sa e t ti wa ino a ec ds el t ha es d e ei d he s o m nd tt d ha t s t t t lbe t t di r ga d t Pl sr or a t aut i a pay e fom t Pl n unde t s i ry o s e r he an' ec ds nd o horze m nt r he a r he e crumsanc -wihouta evi ncet s ic t es t ny de o uppor ( e s cai 'R.a 1 Thel tras tAyrs'j l m. t 42. ete lo ' i onne Ay e ofhi a alrg s i l ng hi uli aerg t fl an ERI aci i hi nf d rs s ppe i ht , ncudi s tm t i ht o ie SA ton f s a ppea wa de e R. t1 44. l s ni d. a 43O n J ne 20,2011 A y es s nta l t e t K ya t ,a a i t de a ofhi c a m .R. u , r e et r o nie ppe lng he ni l s li at 1 l t tl ter Ayr e a ne t the di nott l t xe i 1 45. n ha e t , es xpl i d ha d i e a s n 999, nd t thi w i e' a ha s f s a ountntha nor or rltdt t ta a tonsa is J Ayr alosaedt theha cc a d ec ds eae o he rns ci t sue.A es s tt ha d c a t d t va i usba i ved a ha notbee a e t obt i any a tonali or a i ont c e he r o nks nvol nd d n bl o a n ddii nf m ton. 1 The Co m it eco i e Ay e sa a o J y 7,2011 a de e t a alby l ter d. m te nsder d r s' ppe l n ul , nd ni d he ppe et da e J y 20,2011 R.a 1 49.I t tl te , he Com m it e r t r ed t tPl n r cor t d ul . t 48- n ha e t r t te eie at ha a e ds r fe t t tt 1 l n a 1999 dibure e shad be n pai L- The Commit ea s e l ced ha he 998 oa nd s s m nt e d. ds u te lo e phas z d t tsnc A y e ha a i f rt di t i i ns he pr s u bl e c e t r c i m i e ha i e r s d ppled o he s rbuto , e t na y xpe t d o e e ve t f he unds how e , f l t c a tK ya t untlm or t n a de de afe he s ; ver he aied o ont c nie i e ha ca tr uppos dl di e y d no rcevet m.J TheCommit c i r dt sdelyt bec t e i he . Z tee onsde e hi a o ompeli e de et tAyrs lng vi nc ha e ha i f t r e ve t f .l TheComm it e' lte i or e Ayr t tisde a wa d, n ac, ec i d he unds d. te s etr nf m d es ha t ni l s Snal t he coul r , hat d eques copi ofal r evantdocum ent and t he had t r ghtt br ng an t es 1 el s, hat he i o i ERI ac i n. .a l SA to R t 49. 5 On Fe u r 6, 4, esfl d a sat l w c br a y 201 Ayr ie t e-a onve so cam i Al ma l Count r i n li n be re y Cic i Co r. a iermo e t c s t t i c u t a e o f d rlq sinj rs ito u d r rut u tKy nt e v d he a e o h s o r b s d n e ea ueto u idcin n e ERI ,a t n m o d t di m i sA yr ' s a e l w c a m saspr m pt d by ERI .See D oc t SA nd he ve o s s es s t t a l i ee e SA ke N o.1 11. N ovem be 1 201 t co tgr nt d K y t sm oto a c tued A yr ' , On r 4, 4, he ur a e anie' i n nd onsr es s c pl ntas sa i a c ai f r r i unde Se ton 5 ofER I .Docke N o.1 l a or nce om ai t tng l m o elef r c i 02 SA t 9. n cc da wiht ec u tss h d ln o d r tep riss b te cos- to sfrs mmayj g n o t h o r' c e ui g r e,h a t u mi d r smo in o u r ud me t n e t Fe a y 9,2015.The m o i ha be n f l bref d,a t c t l a he rng on t bnz r tons ve e uly i e nd he our he d ai he m o i on J 1 201 The m a t ri no rpe f r vi w . tons une 9, 5. te s w i or e e Di scuss on i L St andar o vew d fRe i W he e ashe e a e pl yee be ttpl n pr desa tduci r w ih di c e i r a hort t r, r, n m o nei a ovi i a y t s r tona y ut iy o de e m i w he he a cl i a i e il d t be t sort o he w i e c t u t t r soft pl n,a t r ne t r a m nt s ntte o nek o t r s onsr e he e m he a di t i tc t e e st f duc a y' dec sonsf a e ofdi cr ton onl Se Fies one Ti e a sr c our r vi w he i i r s i i or bus s ei y. e r t r nd Rubbe Co.v.Br h, U. 1 ,11 11( 989) Thus i SERI a inswheet pl ntf i r unc 489 S. 01 0- 1 . ,n % SA cto r he ai if s c le gn t d nil fbe eis s mmayj dg n i ç rl t ec n uit b igtelg l haln ig he e a o n ft, u r u me t s meey h o d t o rn h e a quesi beor t dititc t t us t t ofs ton f e he src our and he ualess ummayj r udgmen donota y.'Ket v. t ppl '' ih Fe Exp.Cop.LTD Pln, 7: d. a No. 09CV00389,201 W L 1 0 524373,a * n. ( . Va. .1 t 4 4 W D. Apr 5, 201 ( tngFaha v. rf dLie& Ac i ntl . ,439Fv zd957,966( D.Ca. 0) cii r t Ha tor f cde ns Co. supp. N. l 2 0 ). ec u tn ta pef r ar c r rv e t d tr ne b s d s ll o terc r , 0 6 ) Th o r ise d ro ms e o d e iw o eemi , a e oey n h e o d w he he t pl n ad i sr t a ed is di c e i M c unuv,201 W L 31 t r he a m ni t a or bus t s r ton. M 0 55993,a *2. t U nde t a e ofdi c e i s a r Ca c twiluphol a di c e i r de e m i ton r he bus s r ton t nda d, ç our l d s r tona y t r na i pr ded i i r ovi t s easonabl even i t cour w oul have r e, f he t d eached a di f entconcl on on isow n.' f er usi t ' Ket 201 W L 1 ih, 0 524373,a * (nenalcttonsa quotto maksomit .CI de ii i t 4 itr iai nd ain r ted) CAI cson s 6 r as e onabl i i i t r ul ofa d i er t prnc pl r s ni pr es a i i i s e f t s he es t elb ae, i i ed ea o ng oc s nd f t s uppore b td y s tnta evi nc 'I (ii Eli v. er Liel . ,1 F. 228,232( hCi.1 ). ubsa il de e. d. ctng ls M to. f ni CQ, 26 3d ' 4t r 997) Subs a i le denc i ( ha whi h a r a oni m i w o d a ce a s fci ntt s t nta vi e s C t c t e s ng nd ul c pt s uf e o uppor a t pa tc a c uson. I (ii LeFeb ev. esi riulr oncl i ' d. ctng ' r W tnghous Elc.Cor ,7 F. 1 208( hCi. e e p. 47 3d 97, 4t r 1 4 .t e uie S r t nameesitlao e d n eb tg s me a ls ta a 98 ) I r q r s û e ha mo r cn il f vie c u 1 o wh t e s h n Pr po r nc 'l . e nde a e.' d The Fo t Cic thasi ntfe ei nonexc usve f c or t ta c t houl c i ri urh r ui de ii d ght l i a t s ha our s d ons de n de e mi ng t r as blnes ofa ad i sr t ' dic e i y dee mi i Se 800t v. t r ni he e ona e s n m nitaor s s r tonar tr naton. e h W alM atSt e ,I Asoc Heat & W efr Pln, F. 335,342- ( h Ci.2000) Thos - r or s nc. s s. lh la e a 201 3d 43 4t r . e f c or i l a t s nc ude: ( )t lng oft pln;( t pur esa g soft pln;()t ade cyof 1 he a uage he a 2) he pos nd oal he a 3 he qua t m a e i sc i r d t m a t de son a t de eet whih t y s he t ral onsde e o ke he cii nd he gr o c he uppor i; tt ( whehert fd ir si e eai wasc it twih ohe pr so i t pl 4) t he iucay' ntmr tton onssen t t r oviins n he an a wih e riri e eai oft pln;()whehe t de ii ki pr es wa nd t ale ntmr ttons he a 5 t r he csonma ng oc s s ras e oneda prnci e ( whehert d ii wasconsse wiht pr durland nd i pld; 6) t he ecson itnt t he oce a s tntver uie nt ofERI ( a e ena sa r rlva t t execieof ubsa i eq rme s SA; 7) ny xtr l tndad ee nt o he r s dic ein;a ()t fd ir smotvesa a c lc ofi e eti ma ha sr to nd 8 he iucay' i nd ny onfit ntr s t y ve. J. Some c t ha a i d t s f c or pice mea,s eW a s n v. edi Ge . nc. 446F. .a d ours ve pple he e a t s e - l ç s o M a n.l , Su 2d579( D.Va.2006)( i i whihpary' f e hfcorweghed) whieohes pp. E. notng n c t s avor ac a t i , l t r ha exn i d t f c or holsialy t detnui whet rt pln a nita orsdecson wa ve m ne he a t s itc l o e ne he he a dmi sr t ' ii s t r s tofa r a one a prnci ed pr e s s he e ul e s d nd i pl oc s uppor e by s t nta e de .Se D uper y v. td ubs a i l vi nce e r LieI .Co.ofNorhAmei ,632F. 860,869( hCi.2011. f ns t rca 3d 4t r ) $g na s s ntoft ras blnes oft a nitaorsdecsonmus beba e ont $A) sesme he e ona e s he dmi srt ' ii t s d he f c skno n t i a t tm e ' he de s on w a m a Eli tv. r Le Cor ,1 F. 601 608 at w o t t he i ' t ci i s de. lot Sa a e p. 90 3d , ( h Ci.1 (iai omit . or ngl çhea nitai r or pr dest c ee 4t r 999) ctton ted)Acc di y,s dmi srtve ec d ovi he omplt t f c ua pr di t f t c ts r vi w' ofa f d i r sdec son. c ur a 201 W L 31 a t l e ca e or he our ' e e ' i uc a y' i i M M r v, 0 55993,a t 7 *2.The pl i ifbea st bur n o de ons r tng, ed o t r or e de e, ha t a ntf r he de f m ta i bas n he ec d vi nc t t he Comm it e' de son wa unr a ona ea nots te s cii s e s bl nd uppore by s t nta evi e.Se Bes v. td ubsa il denc e s Mut ofOma No. 11001 2011W L 585881 a :4( D.W .Va No 22,2011. . ha, 2: - 43, 5, t S. . v. ) II.A nal s ysi Upon r viwi t r or i t sc e t c t le st tt Co mit lkey di no e e ng he ec d n hi as , he our bei ve ha he m tee i l d t a eisdicr ton i de ng Ayr s scli f be is The c t d note n r ac t s bus t s ei n nyi e ' a m or neft. our nee ve e h hi a l i he e how e r be a e A yr ' c a m i ba r d by t s a ue oflm ia i ns na ys s r , ve , c us es s l i s r e he t t i t to . ERI ,lke m a f der ls a ut s do no c ai a expr s s a ut oflm ia i . hie SA i ny e a t t e , es t ont n n e s t t e i t tons W t v.Sun LieAsurnc Co. Ca da 488F. 240, ( h Ci.2007) çg oursf e wih s h f s a e of na , 3d 245 4t r .dcj t ac d t uc om isonsboro t sa el w lmia i pe i a i bl t cli sm os c os y c r pondi si r w he t t a i ttons rod pplca e o am t l el ores ng t t f de a c us ofac i ' 1 l V i g ni t m os ana og s a e s a ut oflm ia i i t o he e r l a e ton. d. n r i a, he ' t l ous t t t t e i t tons s he fve yea lm iai nspe i a ia et cai sf br ac ofwrte c r c .SeeKa r v. rt i - r i t to rod pplc bl o l m or e h it n onta t ras Fis Col LieI .Co. nsonPln, 6: CV00031 2006W L 1 4951 a *3( . Va. rl ony f ns Pe i a No. 05 , 0 9, t W D. Ap i 1 2006 . slmiai pei ge al be nst r whenapli ifma frts e udii 3, )Thi i ttons rod nerly gi o un antf y is e kj cal r viw,a trhehase us e ala nita i r di sava lbl unde t a iabl pl e e fe xha t d l dmi sr tve eme e ia e r he pplc e an. W hie,488 F.d a 246. t 3 t W he e, e ,a pl ntf doe notm a a tm e y cl i f be f t ,t Fourh Ci c tha r how ver ai if s ke i l a m or ne is he t r ui s r ogni d t n a t r tve a pr c ' unde whi h t lm ia i pe i beg nst nm a d he tm e ec ze i le na i p oa h, a ' r c he i t tons rod i o td i t a whihs e ntot rt nadenilofacam s ul ha alre ghepli if t hi t c ome ve he ha a li ho d ve e td t antfj o s e il m e t t be tt he di notr c i .' H e n v. nc n N a ' Lie l Co. 201 U . ntte nt o he ne i s d e e ve. .' nna Li ol t l f ns. , 2 S. DitLEXI 7713 a *7( Md. 2) s eDa r v.Si iHos ofBat.nc.815F. 975, s. S 0, t D. 201 ; e meon na p. l.l , 2d 98 n, ( hCi.1 (é lmiai pei be nr nni whent pli ifwa noii d..ha 2 7 4t r 987) $ The i tton rod ga u ng he antf s tte .t t Si ii e d t of s the be ft by a e tm a e t tw a gr t rt n t ac ualn ountofSoci l na nt nde o f e r ne is n s i t ha s ea e ha he t m a 8 Se iy be ft t ts wasr evi W hie s wasuna e oft e c r a on f t curt ne is ha he ec i ng. l he wm' he xa t e s or he difrnc .,s wa a t tpoi onnotc t ts s dpu s he rg sunderERI ' . fee e.. he s t ha nt ie ha he houl rue r iht SA.) ' l t s cas A yr r n hi e, es eques ed a l f om hi proft s i accounti 1998,pur edl t t oan r s i - harng n port y o alo hi t m a ca t li ove e st hi ho e. d Ayr sno r ceve t ef , l w m o ke pia mpr m nt o s m Ha e t e i d hos unds he pr s a y w oul ha notc t se r i 1 e um bl d ve i ed hi r or n 998.Li w i e,i Fe ua y 1 ke s n br r 999, yr s r quesed A e e t dibur eme oft r m a nde oft f s s nt he e i r he undsi hi pr i -ha i a co . Comm it e s nt n s otts rng c unt The te e s ve a c m m uni a i t A yr s r gar i t e di bur e e s du i t fr tha fof 1 e rl o c tons o e e d ng hos s s m nt r ng he i s l 999. A ga n, d A y e notr ce ve t f ndst w hi he w a e il d,he s d have be n a a e of i ha rs e i d he u o ch s ntte houl e w r t ti 1 Ayr wa t onnotc t thek houl purueg s rg sunde ERI 'wih ha n 999. es s hus ie ha ç d s hij iht s r SA, t ' r pe tt bot t 1 l n a t 1 es c o h he 998 oa nd he 999 dibtr e e s no l t rt n 1 s z s m nt , a e ha 999. ow e r A y e H ve , r s f l t c a tKya t a aied o ont c nie bouthi cl msuntl2011a f ie t fl t saci n untl201 - we l s ai i nd a ld o ie hi to i 4 l ove ade adeafe hi f r c tr s undswe ealege y ûmia opraed.' r s scl m i t r f eba r d by r l dl c s ppr i t 'Ay e ' ai s he e or r e t s at e oflm iatons. he t ut i t i Eve i A yr ' c pl i tw a no tm e bar e t c tco d notfnd t tt Co m it e n f es s om a n s t i - r d, he our ul i ha he m te a e is di c e i i de ng hi c a m s The Com m it i tga e A yr ' c a m t oughl bus d t s r ton n nyi s li . tee nves i t d es s l i hor y. l r ewe is own a t r co ds i r d w ih istus ee ba r r ng ad tona r or ,a t evi d t udied e r , nquie t t r t nk ega di dii l ec ds nd e pr vi d A yr s w ih a m e hod f ob a ni ot rr c dshi s f The r c dsa ia e t t ven o de e t t or t i ng he e or m el e or va l bl o he Com m it e s te uppor e isc us on t A y e ha r ce ved a lbe ft t w hi h hew as e il d. t d t oncl i hat r s d e i l ne is o c ntte De ng Ayr s' cai wasar a ona ede ii ba e on t i or ton a ia e. nyi e s lm e s bl c son s d he nf ma i val bl Thecoul i notpe s de by Ayr ' c 's t rua d ess ompl i t tt Com mit ' dec son wasba e ant ha he tee s ii sd on a i om pl t r or l c ng e denc lke a c nce l d c k. lm ied e denc ava l bl i n nc e e ec d a ki vi e i a le hec The i t vi e ia e n t sca e die ty r s t f om A yr s s o n dia o i s i pur ui hi c a m .See W a ki v. hi s r c l e uls r e' w l t r nes n s ng s l i t ns J or nChas USBe isExe ,No.1 CV- 5629, 3W L 591 pM ga e neft c. 2- 1 201 3403,a *3( D.M ih. t t E. c Oc. 9 31 2 1 )(ee tn panifscam ta d fnd n s o l b futdf rfii t p o u ea , 0 3 rj cig litf' li h t ee a t h ud e a le o al o r d c ng c nc ldc k,be us iwaspli ifst de t pr t ts i e ildt t g benei,a a ee hec ca e t antf s n o ove ha he s ntte o he 1 ft nd bur he diaorne sal i t bl f t fctt tt e de ehasnotbe npr sr d' Thec t r lt i s one s o ame or he a ha he vi nc e ee ve ). our l wierj csAy e ' ag me t h tac nfito itrs titdteCo te ' d cso hee i s ee t rss r u n t a o l f n eet an e h mmi es e iin r . ke c t A sr c ur lc lc doesexi ther ,asK ya t i t pa ofbe i s a al o a nt t t u t a onfi t s e nie s he yor nett nd s ppoi s he me r o t eCo te . eR. t3 ; er LieI s Co. Gll 5 4U. 1 5 1 ( 0 8 . mbes f h mmite Se a 6 M to f n . v. em, 5 S. 0 , 08 2 0 ) Howe r ac lc ofi er s i d o a ong ma f t si de e m i ngt r as blnes of ve , onfit nt e t s k ne m but ny acor n t r ni he e ona e s (heCommite'ldicei r deemi ton.' mpi v. a k& Dec r( S.,l .e a1, t te s s rtonay tr nai 'Cha on Blc ke U. ) nc, t . 550F. 353,359 ( h Ci. 08 ;seas Pi nha nv.O1 Domi onFre Li I .640 3d 4t r 20 ) e lo pe ge d ni icht ne.nc, F. zd778,785( . Va. supp. W D. 2009)(tEl ni t ad nitaori aci unde ac lc of lg ve f he mi srt s tng r onfit i e e t' t c tS us contnue t a y a de e e i ls a r ofr vi w whie w ei hi t nt r s ,' he our t t m i o ppl f r nta t nda d e e l g ng he c lctasaf co i dee ni whehe t r i a a eofdic ei ' (ntr lctto a onfi a tr n tnni ng t r hee s n bus sr ton.' i ena iains nd ) q ttonmar o te ) Asdic s a ,t c ti t tt Commite' decsonwas uoai ks mitdl. s used bove he our fnds ha he te s ii r as d and prnc pl d.The c ti notpe s e one i i e our s r uade t tt pr s nc ofa s r c ur lco lc d ha he e e e t u t a nfi t i pr ry i l nce t tde s on. m ope l nf ue d ha ci i Concl on usi F rt ra o sae t c u t lg a tKya iesmoi nf rs mmayj d me ta d o he e s ns ttd,he o r wil rn nt' to o u r u g n n d n Ay e ' moin frs mmayj dg n . eClr i drce t sndc ri e c pe o t s e y r ss to o u r u me tTh ek s ie td o e e ti d o is f hi t m e or ndtm opi on a t ac om pa ng or rt a lc m a l ni nd he c nyi de o l ouns lo r c d. e f e or ENTER:Ths l i Q d yof uy 2015. a J l, Chi U nie St t s Di t i tJ ef t d a e s rc udge 10
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