Siquic et al v. Star Forestry, LLC et al, No. 3:2013cv00043 - Document 54 (W.D. Va. 2015)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 10/5/15. (jcj)
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OLERK: QFFI t. , em O URT GE l$ bl ATY QG ? A V Fk LED I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I I COU RT STR CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STRI OF V I GI I CT R N A CH ARLOTTESVI LLE D I I ON V SI 021 25 2 1 5 Y L . C CARLOSHUM BERTO CAB SI C, AL. QUI ET , Ci lAc i N o. 1 vi ton 3: 3CV 000 43 Pl i tf s a n if , M EM O M N D U M O PI I N N O By:Ho Gln E. n. e Conr d a ChifUnied St t sDiti tJ e t a e src udge STAR FORESTRY,LLC,ET AL. , D e e nt . f nda s Pl i t f sCa l H um be t Ca Si c a Sa i go Y a alCuz f l d t s a ton o a n if r os r o b qui nd nta xc ie hi c i n be foft m s vesa o he ssmia l st t d a ns de e nt St Fo e ty,LLC, hal he el nd t r i l ry iua e gai t f nda s ar r sr l pe nde nden LaborSe wi s LLC,W hie Pi Re or s a i LLC, m y Spea s Thom as a t l ce , t ne f e t ton, A r, nd D e n Spe r vi a s Thom a f r vi a i oft M i a a Sea onalA grc t a W or rPr t c i s o ol tons he gr nt nd s i ulur l ke o e ton Ac (t PA',29U. 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Star Forestry, LLC et al Doc. 54 t i vi l na e i t co anta ei ge m ir ntwor r who we ee oye by wo ndi dua s m d n he mpli r ndi nt g a ke s r mpl d def endant St For t y,LLC,l s ar es r ndependentLaborSer ees,LLC,W hie Pi Ref es aton, vi t ne or t i LLC ,A m y Spears Thom as and D evi Spears Thom asatvarous tm es durng t perod of , n i i i he i Dockets.Justia.com T Oc obe 21 2008 t oug t flng oft co pl n . De e da sope ae te pl ntng s vies t r , r td r e- a i er c hr h he ii he m ait1 f n nt i w hi h t y bi on a nego i t d c r c st pl nttee on l nd ow ne by ot ri vi l n c he d nd ta e ont a t o a r s a d he ndi dua s a c pa es D e n Spea s -ho a ha a ow ne s p i e e ti a 1t e de e n nd om ni . vi r- m s d n r r hi nt r s n l hr e f nda t compa e a Amy Spe sThom a ha a ownerhi i e es i l pe n La rSe vi es nis nd ars d n s p ntr t n nde nde t bo r c , LLC a St rFor ty,LLC.I or rt f fl t m a powe r r m e sunde t s nd a esr n de o ulil he n r equie nt r he e c r t ,de enda s s htf e gn na i l t pe f r f e t y wor on a s s lor ontac s f nt oug or i tona s o r o m or s r k ea ona t m por r bass, n or rt wor i t Unie St t s pl i if o a ne t m por r vi as a s e a y i I de o k n he t d a e , a ntf s bt i d e a y s , lo known as(H- ' vi a .Subs que l pl i if w e e a it d t t U nie St t s a ç 2B ' s s e nty, a ntfs r dm te o he t d a e nd e pl ye a m e be s ofl borc e sor ni d by de e nt . s a c t o f r o a ni Hm o d s m r a r w ga ze f nda s A ondii n o bt i ng 28 vi a ,de e nt c r ii d t t D e r m e ofLa t tt y w o d pa pl i if e lt s s f nda s e tf e o he pa t nt bor ha he ul y a ntf s qua o, o i e c s o ,hep e aln wa efrt j b. tetmete rc utdplitfs d fnd ns r n x e s f t rv i g g o he o At h i h y e r ie anif, ee a t i f ie t pr de pl i i f w ih w rte s a e e soft t r sa c tons oft i a l d o ovi a ntf s t it n t t m nt he e m nd ondii he r em pl ent oym . Pl i if s ntc i r bl s s ofm one i or rt pr s t i H - vi a a t a ntf s pe ons de a e um y n de o oce s he r 2B s s nd o ta lt t Unie Stt s. eex ns swe eap o ma ey $1900 orm o epe wo ke .Asa r ve o he t d a e Thes pe e r pr xi t l , r r r r r ul oft s un e m b s d e ns s pl i if e r d s gnii a l l s t n t m i m u es t he e r i ur e xpe e , a ntf s a ne i fc nty es ha he ni m w a d i t i tr tw e k ofw or Si e pl i if r tz ne hom e be w e n ea h w or ng ge ur ng he r i s e k. nc a ntf s e lr d t e c ki s as t y i uredt eex ns smuli etme du i t r lva pe i On a r ge, e on,he nc r hes pe e tpl i s rng he ee nt rod. ve a pl ntf sbele t tt y a eowe a l a t$1200 f u i mi mum wage f t i frt ai if ive ha he r d t e s , or npad ni s or her is w e ks ofwor a one. e k l Pl ntf s alege a num berofvi atonsby t def ai if l ol i he endant undert FLSA and AW PA . s he Fi s ,a cor ng t pl i if ,de e nt w oul de a pa ng pl ntf sf s ve a m o hsafe r t c di o a ntf s f nda s d l y yi ai i f or e r l nt tr 1Re Sa iXot w ho wasor gi l ls e o t c pl ntasapl ntf ,hasas t wihdr w a a c a s ne gu i naly it d n he om ai ai if ked o t a s l s , rpr s t i Hesilr m ai apr e cls m e be andopti pli ifu rt FLSA. e e enatve. tl e ns opos d a s m r -n antf nde he t i wor wasc her k ompl t Sec eed. ond,de e nt di notpr depl ntfswihpa subsora f nda s d ovi ai if t y t ny r or r r ng t i hou s tee pl nt d,wag pai o d uc i t ke f om t i ec ds ega di he r r , r s a e es d, r ed tons a n r he r pay cks Thi f iur c us pl i if t be una e t s a e wih c r a nt t a ountofunpai che . s a l e a ed a ntf s o bl o t t t e t i y he m d wag t y we eowe Thid,de e nt f ld t c es he r d. r f nda s aie o ompe a epli tfsf ove tmewhe ns t a n if or ri n pl i if feque l wor d o r40 ho sawe Fourh, e nt f ie t pa pl ntfst antfs r nty ke ve ur ek. t def nda s a ld o y ai if he pr valng wa f t wor t y pe f d, chpli if esi aet ha bee $9 pe hour e ii ge or he k he ronue whi antfs tm t o ve n r . 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C. 1 01a ( 5 ( (i( wh weee ly di t ed fn a t' r es u s n o S. j 1 ()1 )H)i)b) o r mpo e n h e e d n s f r sr o rto sfo Oco e 2 0 u tlh p e e t'Co l!5 . t te dn litfs o e ty peain r m t b r 0 8 ni te r sn . mp . 6 To ha n p an if ' ha tl a m oton t c tf t i pr ve i ed i o eriy he r opos d c a sa c l c i ac i . e l s nd ole tve tons Dee f ndan sD e n Spea s - m as l pe ntLa Se v ce ,LLC ,a W hie Pi t vi rfho , nde nde bor r i s nd t ne Re or t ton,LLC w e e s r d wih p oc s o D e m be l 2013. e e nt Am y Spea s f es a i r e ve t r es n ce r 7, D f nda s r- Thom a and St rFor sr LLC we e s r d wih pr e so J ua y 27,201 Def nda s s a e ty, r e ve t oc s n an r 4. e nt f ie t f l a r s a l d o ie ny e ponsve pl adi a t c e k e er d de a taga ns t m on M a e l i e ngs nd he l r nt e f ul i t he r h 2, 201 OnJ 1 20l pli if fldamotonf rdea tudg ntagans aldefnda s 4. une , 5, antfs ie i o fulj me i t l e nt, pe ng t c a sce tfc ton de s on. ndi he l s ri i a i ci i St andard ofR evi ew Gl lhoughadef t udg nthast efc ofde mi alfcua al tonsi t dAlt aulj me he fe t e ng l a t l legai n he c ompli ta it d,i doe nota s ha t e f c oft dmitng't i pe ntl alq si a n dm te t s lo ve he fe t a ti he nde nde eg ue ton ofca sc tfc ton. 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A c r ngl pl i if ha m e t rbur n r ga di t num e ost r quiem e . co di y, a ntf s ve t hei de e r ng he r iy e r nt b. Com m onalt iy The e e e ofc m ona iy r quiest tt r be t l m nt om lt e r ha he e d tons ofl w orf c c m o t quesi a a t om n o t ca s'Fed.R. vP.23( ( .Thi rquie nti t beti rly c tued'at he ls . ' Ci a)2) s e rme s o û beal onsr ' lhought l he Supr me Cour hasr ce l r quie hei t ne s r i Sco tv. ar ,61F.Supp.3 569, e t e nty e r d gh e d c utny. t Cl ke d 584- ( . Va. 4)( i Mc ot i v. 85 W D. 201 quotng Gl hln Connor,1 F. D.6 63 ( . Va. s 42 R. 26, 2 W D. 1 ) Spe iialy,commonalt rquie a' ommonc enton ghaji ca bl ofcaswi 992). cfc l iy e r s û c ont i t t s pa e l s de r s uton' t ca be pr de d n one s r ' W a - a tSt e sI v.Duke ,1 S. . e ol i ' hat n ovi d c i toke. ' lM r or s nc. s 31 Ct 2541 2545( 1.Thi me nst tpli if mus de taet tcas me r ha , 201 ) s a ha antfs t monsrt ha l s mbe s ve s frdt s meij y,notmeeyt s mevi ai oft smepr sonofl 1 a 2551 ufee he a nur rl he a olton he a ovii aw.d. t . Even one com m on ques i of1 orf w ils fce t satsf t com m onalt r r ent. ton aw act l uf i o i y he iy equiem I at2556.s al o Scot 61 F.Supp.3d at585. d. , ee s t, l t sca e a or ng t pl i if 'unoppos d m oton a c pl i t i i c ea t tt n hi s , cc di o a ntf s e i nd om a n , t s l r ha he pr opos d c a sm e be s cl i si ve co m on que tons off c r ga di def nda s e ls m r ' a m nvol m si a t e r ng e nt ' e pl e tpr c i es The co pl i tls ss ve alf iu e by t de enda s whi h w e e m oym n a tc . m a n i t e r a l r s he f nt , c r c m on a ong a lH - em pl sr ga dl s o d t s ofe pl m e o as i om m l 2B oyee e r e s f a e m oy nt r sgned c e .Thes rw e algai i udefiur t ( )pr dea wrte dicos eoft t a c ii of le tons ncl al e o: 1 ovi ny itn sl ur he enns nd ondtons e oyment ( r i s viapr e snga ta c t upt t lvelofmi mum wa or mpl ;2) embure s oc si nd rvel oss o he e ni ge t pr valngwa r rd f H- woke s ( paymi mum,prvaii a o ri he e ii ge equie or 2B r r ' 3) , ni e lng, nd ve tme wa whe due;( pr dee oye wihpaysubsora ot rdoc nt s ngrquie ges n 4) ovi mpl es t t ny he ume s howi e rd i fr to , uc a wo kpef r da dp y; n ( )man ana dp e ev a c rt p y o l n omain s h s r rome n a a d 5 iti n r s r e c u ac a r l r co ds Pl ntf sf l d s ve a de a a i t tc i d t s w i s e f iur . n e r . ai i f ie e r l cl r tons ha onfnue he e de pr ad a l es I a t o A m y Spe r ddii n, a s Thom asa it i t St rFor t y,LLC de ii n t ts di not dm ted n he a esr pos to ha he d s ve ha rten ca c a i t twe eus t e ur t te pl s r c ve t pr va lng a ndw i t l ul tons ha r ed o ns e ha m oyee e ei d he e ii w a s s pa d w or r i c s a s di no gi e pl spays ubsun i t s m os r ce ge , he i ke s n a h, nd he d t ve m oyee t t l hi t e nt s as The c tfndst tt e f c sa e s fci nti or rt de ons r t t tt put tve e on. our i ha hes a t r uf i e n de o m t a e ha he a i ca sme e ss fr dac mmo ij r . ls mb r ufee o n nu y M o eove ,t r a e c m o quesi ofl w i t s c e, m e y w he he de enda s r r he e r om n tons a n hi as na l t r f nt ' e oyme pr c iesvi a e t AW PA a t FLSA . n a sm iarc ei vi t A W PA mpl nt a tc olt d he nd he l i l as nvol ng he a m i a w or r ,t di ti tc tf nd gr nt ke s he s rc our ound t ts ch c m o ques i ofla lt m e t ha u om n tons i biiy t he c ommonaiyr quie nt Ha lt e r me . vwoodv.Banes 1 F. D. 577- ( D. C.1 6) r , 09 R. 568, 78 E. N. 98 . The ef r ,i t i t ntc e, he c t i t tt r a e co m on ques i ofl w a f c r o e n he ns a as t our t nds ha he e r m tons a nd a t t tar c pa e ofc as w i r ol i i one s r ha e a bl l s de es uton n toke. c or ngl pl ntf shave m e t A c di y, ai i f t he com m onalt r rem ent iy equi . 8 T pi alt y c iy The e e e oft pi alt r quie t tt û a m s o de e e oft r e e a i l m nt y c iy e r s ha he û i r f ns s he epr s nt tve cl pa te g lt c loft camso d ens soft cas.' d. Ci P. a( . cam of ris be ypia he li r ef e he l s'Fe R. v. 23()3) The li a pa t i t ca i i i r s f om t s m e e ntorc s ofc r y s ypi l f t ' i es r he a a ve our e onduc w hi h gi r s t t t c ves i e o he c a m sofot rc as m em be sa i ba e on t s m e l alt y.' a li he l s r nd s s d he a eg heor ' H ywood,1 F. . .a 09 R D t 5 8 Mo e v r 'wq ee ; l erp ee ttv p ry' itrs i p osc tn h so c s . 7 . r o e,û h r ( h e r sn ai e a t s n eet n r e uig i wn a e . l t . smula ousytndllt a nc t i e et oft a e cls me r ,t t caiy i tne l e s o dva e he ntr ss he bs nt a s mbe s' he ypi lt sa r i stsid. Scot, F.Supp.3 a 589( i So trv. uia l o.Sevs.LLC, tndad s aife ' t61 ' dt quotng ute Eq fx nf r . 498F. x260,264( h Ci.201 )Thec t s notst tChet c iyr quie ntma App' 4t r 2). our alo e ha c ypialt e rme t y be s ts i d e n i t r a e f c ualditnc i be w e n t c a m soft nn ed pl n if a a i fe ve f he e r a t si tons t e he l i he m ai t f s nd t e oft c as m em be s dif r nc s i t a ounto da a c a m e ore n dif r nce i hos he l s r , f e e e n he m f m ges l i d, ve f e e s n t a ia lt of c Ma n de e esa ns a c a sr pr e a i .' a ood,1 F. D . t578. he va l biiy e i f ns gai t l s e es nt tve ' H yw 09 R. a The c a m s ne d notd pe f c l i ntc lo per e ty a i d. D e t rv. i r of Co p. 436 li e k be r e ty de i a r f c l lgne ' ie M c os l r , ' F. 461, 67( h Ci. 3d 466- 4t r 2006) . l t s c e, he t o na e pl ntf s w o ke f def nda s'f e ty pr tc dur ng t n hi as t w m d ai if r d or e nt or s r ac i e i he r l va pe i a H- t m po a y w or r .Pl i if 'unoppos d c pl i a m oton aleg a e e nt r od s 2B e r r ke s a ntf s e om a nt nd i l e num be ofFLSA a A W PA vi a i by t de e n sdurng t r l ntpe i pe t ni r nd ol tons he f nda t i he e eva r od rai ng t pa ol,wage , e m bu s m e s a e pl e doc m e a i n.The e f iur afec ed, o yr l s r i r e nt , nd m oym nt u nt t o s a l es f t al i i va y ng de e ,a lm e be soft pr be t n r i gr es l m r he opos d cl s .Se H a ood,1 F. . . t578 e a s e yw 09 R D a (i ngt tt caiywa stsi whe deenda s' a tc saf t t mir ntfnu fndi ha ypi lt s aifed n f nt prcie feced he g a a wor r i t s wa alhoughi vayi de e s.Theef e i i cl rt tt na d kes n he ame y, t n r ng gre ) r or ,t s ea ha he me pl ntf s,by pr ai i f osecutng t rcas ,w ils m ulaneousl advance t i eres s oft abs cl s i hei es l i t y he nt t he ent as m em ber Any di f ences i t am ountofdam ages s f ed by t m em bersoft cl do not s. f er n he uf er he he ass 9 i ket pl ntfs lgalcai ay c lg oft prpos ca s a t sihtfcua t ma he ai if' e l ms tpia 1 he o ed ls , s he lg a t l di f r nce d nota t rt na ur oft c ai s' N e s v. oha , o. V . .1 05- fe e s o le he t e he l m .' e e J nns N CI A : CV 00071 , 20 W L 11 06 69800,a *7( . Va. a 2,2006) Theeor t c tfndst tt na d t W D. M y . rf e,he our i ha he me pl i if 'a t pr pos c a s scl i s a e i er e a e a i e f o t s m e c s of a ntf s nd he o ed l s ' a m r nt r l t d, r s r m he a our e cond t a a e bas o t s m e l ga t or A c or ngl pl ntf sha s t s i d t uc , nd r ed n he n e l he y. c di y, ai if ve a i fe he t pi a iy r r m e . y c lt equie nt #. A dequac y Fi l t e em e ofa qua r quiest tt na e pl i if (f il a a ua el naly, he l nt de cy e r ha he m d a ntf s sa r y nd deq t y pr e tt itr t oft cas . Fe R. v. 23()4) Cf ea qua i r ..s r est otc he neess he l s' d. Ci P. a( .l' de cy nquiy . e v o ' -h uncov r c l c sofi e es be wee na e pa te a t c a st y s e t r pr e .' rs e onti t nt r t t n m d ri s nd he l s he e k o e es nt' Har i , 299 F. D .a 491. s i uiy t ndst k e ge w ih t pr c ng i r esi o c m ona iy R. t Thi nq r e oû r m t he e edi nqui i nt om lt a tpi lt 'JzA c lc mus bed of me a t def tade cyofr prs ntto a nd y caiy.'.. ontit t t unda ntlo ea qua t s e e e ain; c nfiti n t u d me tl e al ls me es'h r c mmo o j cie a dt es me o l s o f n a n a wh n 1 ca s mb r s ae o n b e tv s n h a c f ct la l lpostons a ha t s e i t r ti e t bls ng t la lt ofde e nt .' a ua nd ega ii nd ve he am n e es n s a ihi he i biiy f nda s '' I ( i W adv. xi Na. f I .Co.5 F. 1 1 ( hCi.201 ) l a tont d. quotng r Di e tLie ns , 95 3d 64, 80 4t r 0).n ddii o t i r r r ng t na ed pl i tf s t ade c r qui e e a s de e m i s c l c s he nquiy ega di he m a n if , he qua y e r m nt l o t r ne ont i t a c pe e y ofcl s c nd om t nc a s ouns l A m c m Pr . I ,521 U . a 626 n. s e alo e. he ods , nc. S. t 20; e s M c ot i v. Gl hln Connor,1 F. D.626,633-4( . Va 1 (û' a quac ofl al s 42 R. 3 W D. . 992) ûl de y eg -he c ouns f us s on whe he c el oc e t r ouns li co pe e ,de c t qualfe a e r e e e e s m t nt di a ed, ii d, nd xpe i nc d noug h tc o onduc t ltgai a whehert r i a a s a eofvi ouspr ec in. t he ii ton nd t hee s n surnc gor os uto ' ). l t s c e, he c tfnds no c l c sbe w e n t na ed pl i if a t m e be s of n hi as t our i onti t t e he m a ntf s nd he m r t cls t ys e t rpr e .Agan,hena dpl ntfss frdt s meij i ast he a s he e k o e esnt i t me ai if ufee he a nures he propos cl s m em ber and as tcl m sundert sam e l t i I t r decl atons, ed as s ser ai he egal heor es. n hei ar i 10 bot na ed pl i if s a e t tt y a epr pa e t r pr s ntt i e e t oft c as m e ber h m a ntf s t t ha he r e r d o e e e he nt r s s he l s m s a a e a e t do s A s de e nt a e i de a t t y d nota l a confi t be w e n t nd r bl o o. f nda s r n f ul, he o lege ny lc s t e he na d pl i if a t pr e ca sm e r . r f e t i er ssoft na e pl i if me antfs nd he opos d ls mbe s The e or , he nt e t he m d antfs a t pr nd he opos d cl s m e be sa e a i ne a r c e as m r r lg d, nd e over f rt na e pl ntf sw oul af o d y o he m d ai if d fr i ntc lr le f a 1m e be s oft c a s de i a e i f or l m r he l s . A s t cl s cou el pl ntf sa s r t tt Le lAi J tc Ce e i a w e lknown o a s ns , ai if s e t ha he ga d usi e nt r s lpublc i t r tl ga s r i sor z ton w ih s t nta e i n e es e l e v ce gani a i t ubs a i l xpere i i m i r a i nce n m g ant dvoca y a c nd cl s a ton ltga i Thi c r ha pr vi l f a s c i ii ton. s ou t s e ous y ound t Le lAi J tc Ce e t be a he ga d us i e nt r o co pe c or a z i Sc t F.Supp.3d a 59 l a ton,Covi on & Buri LLP i a m t nt g ni aton. ot, t 0. n ddii ngt lng s r put bl na i l1 w fr w ih e e i e r e e i a wi va i t ofl ga i s ,i udi e a e tona a im t xt nsve xpe i nc n de r e y e l s ues ncl ng e pl e di put s Pl i if al o no e t tbo h or ni to ha s f c e tf m oym nt s e . a ntf s s t ha t ga za i ns ve uf i i n undst o ad vanc a lne es a y cos soft ltga i a w ilvi r l a c pe e l pr e ut t s e l c sr t he ii ton, nd l go ousy nd om t nty os c e hi a i l s cton. n uppor oft s a gum e t , a ntf s a t c d a de l r ton f o e h or ni ton. t he e r n s pl i if ta he c a a i r m ac ga za i D e e nt do notdi put t e qualtca i ns The c r fnds t tc as c f nda s s e hes ii to . ou t i ha l s ouns li c pe e , e s om t nt a t r ar no c lc sbe w e n cl s c nd he e e onf i t t e a s ouns la t pr e nd he opos d c a s A c or i y,pl ntf s e l s . c d ngl ai i f ha m e t ade c r r m e . ve t he qua y equie nt Fort f egoi ras ,t co 'fndst tt Rul 23()rquieme sar s tsi he or ng e ons he ul i ha he e a e r nt e aited. t l1. Rul 23( e b) I a tont me tngt r quie nsofRul 23() acas mus as qualf asoneof n ddii o ei he e rme t e a , l s t lo iy t t e tpe ofca s s tf rhunde Rul 23( .Gryv. rtCommc' l ,444F. he hre y s lses e o t r e b) a Heas n, nc. App' 698,700( hCi. 1.Pli if sekt puruet i cli a aRul 23( ()cas. x 4t r 201 ) antfs e o s her ams s e b)3 l s Cl sc rii tonpurua t Rul 23( ()r uie t tlq sinsoflw orfc co as e tfcai s nt o e b)3 eq rs ha tueto a a t mmont o cl s m em ber pr as s edom i e overany questonsaff i onl i vi nat i ectng y ndi dualm em bers mz t a , d hat 11 ca sa o i s p ro t ohe a alb emeho sf rfil a det e tya j dc t t e ls din s u ei r o t r v ia l t d o ary n fkin l du iai h ng c r ry.' d. Ci P. b)3) Theprdomi nc a s i iyr quieme se ur ontoves 'Fe R. v. 23( ( . e na e nd uperort e r nt ns e t tc t ac e e onom y i tm e, f t a e ns w ihouts rf c ng pr edur lf ines . ha our s hi ve c n i efor , nd xpe e t ac ii i oc a ar s Amc hem Pr . l . 521 U . a 61 H e e, he c ttndst tpl i if ha m e t s ods . nc , S. t 5. r t our i ha a ntf s ve t hi sa r t nda d. a. Common Que tonso si fLaw o Fac Pr domi e r t e nat A lho h pl i if ha esa i he t e se ofc m on que tonsofl w a f t t ug a ntf s ve t bls d he xi t nce om si a nd ac be wee t na ed pl nt f sa pr t n he m ai i f nd opos d c a s m e be s t y m us a s s w t tt e e ls m r , he t l o ho ha hes c m on ques i pr om tons edom i t ove a ques i af e tng i vi ua m e be s H a ood,1 na e r ny tons f c i ndi d l m r . vw 09 F. D . 581. sques i i Csm iart bu m or s rnge t n t co m onalt r uie ent R. at Thi ton s 'i l o t e ti nt ha he m iy eq r m ofRul 23()'Thor 455F. a 31 I ûesswhehe pr e cls e aes fcinty e a. ' n, 3d t 9.t t t t r opos d a s s r ufi e l t c h svet warn a j iainb rp e e tto 'Amc e Pr d .I .5 1U. a 6 3. o o e i o ra t dudc to y e r sn ain. ' h m o s,nc, 2 S. t 2 F r e pl i k m m on quesi pr m i t r ga di la lt t n co t g r ly fnd t xam e, f s co tons edo na e e r ng i biiy, he ur s ene a l i he pr dom i nce r qui e en t be s ts i d e n i i vi ua da a i s s r m ai ' Stlm oc e na e rm to a i fe ve f ndi d l m ges s ue e n.' il k v.W ei Makes I , F. s r ts nc.385 App' 267, ( hCi. 0)( i Smiow v. Bel x 273 4t r 201 quotng l Sw. l - M obieSys,l , F. 32,40( s Ci.2003).s -as He et 1 F. D. t220(s he e l . nc.323 3d 1t r ) ee lo wlt, 85 R. a , l r, W how e r t i s ofla lt t ns on s e hi pec i rt t i vi ve , he s ue i biiy ur om t ng ula o he ndi dualpl ntf s s h ast ai i f , uc he pl ntf s r pons s ors a e o m i t n co m on que tons ha be n hel no t ai i f ' es e t t s f nd, he m si ve e d to prdomi t '.Ne rhees,çhemeef tt tt dee nt e age i u f m c e nae.) ve t l s t ' t r ac ha he fnda s ng d n nior onduc i ts no,byis f s fce t stsyRul 23( ( ' mo ede ndi prdomi nc r quie nt' t tel, ufiint o aif e b)3)s r ma ng e na e e rme . ' EOT Pr Co. 76 F. a 366.l t a pl ntf smus s od, , 4 3d t nse d, ai if t how Sno onl t e se e of t t y he xit nc com m on ques i butal .. how t e quesi r at t t cont over att heartoft tons, so . hos tons el e o he r sy he he ltdft(r.'1l iijti)1' (. l t i t ntca e t na n he nsa s , he medpli if a t pr e c a smembe sa lget s m e antfs nd he opos d l s r le he a ij ist oughrpeaedc nure hr e t onduc byt s medefnda s l a ton,t na pli if a t he a e nt. n ddii he med antfs nd pr pos d c a sm e be s pur uet r c a m s u ert s m e l galt y.The e o e,de e nt ' o e ls m r s hei l i nd he a e heor r fr f nda s la lt wihr s tt ise oyme pr cie woul bes j c t rs utoni asnge ibiiy t epec o t mpl nt a tc s d ub e t o e ol i n i l a j d c to . eo ydfee c a n t ep ttv ca sme e si t eridvd a d ma e . du iain Th nl ifrn e mo g h uaie ls mb r s h i n iiu l a g s H ow e r t sdif r nc i o m i m a co e nc gi n t c m on que tons ofl w a ve , hi f e e e s f ni l ns que e, ve he om si a nd f d a ong t pr ed c as m e be s The Fourh Cic tha f a m he opos l s m r . t r ui s ound t tt ne d f ha he e or l ndi dua i ed pr ofda a w ilnotde e tc a sc r ii ton. Gunne l v. e lhpl t vi lz i oof m ges l f a l s e tfca i ' ' ls H a t an SevssI ,3 F. 41 429( hCi. )(mpha i i orgi l,Mor ove,t da r . nc. 48 3d 7, 4t r 2003 e ss n i na) e r he mage i sn t sc e do nota art be pa tc a ' c pl x. ai i f ha a r dy c c a e t hi as ppe o r i ul ly om e Pl ntf s ve lea al ul t d he l es i a e da ag f a num be ofpr e c a s m e ber b e o t i o ton c t ne tm t d m es or r opos d l s m s as d n he nf nna i on ai d i t rde l r tons a def nda s do no c e t tt i pr t c s w e e i vi i d n hei c a a i ; nd e nt t ont nd ha he r ac i e r ndi dualze r t rt n a r s t boa d. ns e d,pl i if ha s n t tde e nt e ge i a co m on a he ha c os he r l t a a ntf s ve how ha f nda s nga d n m pr i t af ect each put i cl m em ber and t t s i t kheart'oft ltgaton. actce hat f ed atve ass , hat hi s he t ' he ii i Thec ttndsno hi i pli tfs compl nts our i t ng n a n if ' ai ugge tng t tt is ofla lt i de nden si ha he s ue ibiiy s pe t on s e hi uni ue t ea h i vi lpl i if Ac di y, he c tfndst tpl i if ha om t ng q o c ndi dua a ntf . cor ngl t our i ha a ntf s ve m e t i bur n ofs t her de howi t tt co on que to of1 a f ti t sc epr do i t ng ha he mm si ns aw nd ac n hi as e m na e ove ques i a f c i i vi r tons f e tng ndi dualm e be s m r. b Cl sAci i Su ri t Ot rM ehod o judi i . as ton s pe or o he t s fAd caton Pl i if a s m us s a ntf s l o t how t ta c a s a ton i s r o t ot ra ia e m e hods of ha l s c i s upe i r o he va l bl t a j c ton.na wei t si r c t l a:i 1 t i e eti contoli i vi l dudiai I ns rng hi nquiy, ours ook t û ) he ntr s n r lng ndi dua ( pr ec i ;( t e se ofot rr ae ltgain'( t desr lt ofc entai t os utons 2) he xitnce he eltd ii to , 3) he iabiiy onc rtng he ltgai i t f um;a ( ma a lt 'He et 18 F. D. t220- 1. s Sihe ei a ii ton n he or nd 4) nage biiy. wlt, 5 R. a ' 2 Alo,st r s s r pr s pton i f vo ofa t ndi ofs r ort w he e . .the a t r tve t a cl s a ton t ong e um i n a r i ng upe i iy' r . t le na i o a s c i i l l t b n a to a alfrt emao i o ca sme e s' S utrv Eq ia l f . s i y o e o cin t 1 o h j rt f ls mb r .' o te . u fx n o ke y ' Se vss r .LLC,307F. D.1 21 ( D. .201 (uoi Ca nv. R. 83, 8 E. Va 5) q tng vi HomeLoa Ct.l .236 n r,nc, F. D.387,396( . 112006).I t sc e, antfsha s wnt tpr e ngasacas R. . D.1. N ) n hi as pli if ve ho ha oce di ls a to i s p ro t oh rmeh d o a j d c to cin s u eir o t e to s f du iain. Fi s ,c t m us cons de C he i t r to m e be soft c as i i vi l r t ours t i r t n e es f m r t he l s n ndi dualy c r lngt pr e utonordee eofs paaea i 'Fe R. v.P. b)3)A) ontoli he os c i fns e rt ctons. d. Ci 23( ( ( . ' Pl i if c e t tt i vi a ntf s ont nd ha he ndi dualpu a i cl s m e be s ha ltl i t r t i a i t tve a s m r ve ite n e es , f ny, n brngi t i ow n i vi la tons A s e ai d a i ng he r ndi dua c i . xpl ne bove, he pr pos c as m e be s r s de i t o ed l s m r e i n Guae aa,dono s a Engls a ei i nt ar unf miirwih U. lw ,a m a onl be tm l t pe k ih, r nd ge , e a la t S.a nd y y due r l tve y s al s sofm oney. s f c o sa ls e a i l m l um The e a t r 1 how t tt i vi ua cl s m e be s ha he ndi d l a s m r w oul have ltl i eres i pur ui s at actons.See A m chem Pr .l ,521 U . at617 d ite nt t n s ng epar e i ods. nc. S. (û- polcya t veycor ofcas a tonmec nim i t o c t pr e t s l dl -he i t he r e l s ci ha s s o verome he oblm hat mal rc e overesdo notpr de t i e i f a i vi lt brng a s o ac i p os c i hi i ovi he nc ntve or ny ndi dua o i ol ton r e utng s o he rg s'( tngM a v. n Ru Cr tCor ,l F.d338,344( hCi.1 9) s e r r iht. quoi ' ce Va edi p. 09 3 7t r 997( * e , as Le v. ey,1 F. D.51 51 ( D. ah.1 (k iht rlc ofEngls t i lo vva Bul 25 R. 2, 8 E. W s 989) s t hei a k W ih,her pr s a y lm ied und s a ng oft l ga s t ,t f c t tf w lve pe m a nty w ihi e um bl i t er t ndi he e l ys em he a t ha e i r ne l t n t gor ,a t i ge rlyi ge saus i i hi yunlkeyt tt i vi lpli if he f uml nd her neal ndi nt tt ,t s ghl i l ha he ndi dua antfs woul puruet sltgai i ca scetfc tonwe eno al d.'Theeor t sfco doe d s hi ii ton f ls riiai r t lowe ' rf e,hi a tr s ) notwei a ns c r ii a i gh gai t e tf c ton. Se ond, he co ts d c i rt te e ta na ur ofa lt g ton conc r ng t c t ur houl ons de he é xt n nd t e ny ii a i e ni he cont over aleady com m enced by or agai tm em bersoft cl s.'Fed.R .Ci P. r sy r ns he as ' v. 23( ( ( .nt sca e noot rlws t ha be nfldbyme r oft pr edcl s b)3)B) l hi s , he a uis ve e ie mbes he opos as. 14 The e or t s f c ordoe notw e gh a ns c r ii a i r f e, hi a t s i gai t e tfc ton. U nde t t r f c or t c tm us e l t t û s r biiy orunde ia lt of r he hid a t , he our t va ua e he t ia lt de s r biiy co e rtngt ltgai oft camsi t pa tc a f r 'Fe R.Ci P. b)3)C) I nc ntai he ii ton he li n he riulr oum. d. ' v. 23( ( ( .n t s c e t r i a de ie t c e r t t ltga i i t s f u bec us t de e nt hi as , he e s s r o onc nta e he ii ton n hi or m a e he f nda s cond t s g fca bus nes i V igi a,a t e bus ne sac i te unde le t c a m s a uc ed i nii nt i s n r ni nd hos i s tvii s ri he l i t i s i t s c e.l addii c as c s ue n hi as n ton, l s ouns li l a ed i Cha l t s le V igi a a e s oc t n rote vil , r ni nd W a hi on,D . ,whi h w oul m a t sf m de ia e be us ofispr m iy t c s ngt C. c d ke hi onl s r bl ca e t oxi t o ouns . el Fi l t put tve c as i l a e i G ua e al .A ss h, he e i no hi c naly, he a i l s s oc t d n tm a uc t r s gh once r ton of nta i cl s m e be s i a one f um . r f e, hi f c o doesnotw e g a i tc r ii to a s m r n ny or The e or t s a t r i h ga ns e tfca i n. Fi ly,t l s f t t c t m us co i ri t di fc t t tm a be t nc na l he a t ac or hat our s t nsde s he f i uly ha y k ount r d e ee i t ma ge ntoft ca sa ton. Fe R. V. 23( ( ( . sf tri t S thol n he na me he ls ei ' d. Ci P. b)3)D) Thi aco s he s ' mos ty c e t d a t m os f e ntg ound f hol ng t ta c as a ton i nots ror' Hewl t, ont s e nd he t r que r or di ha l s c i s upe i . ' et 1 F. D.a 221( i Bufr v. 85 R. t quotng od H&R Bl ksl . 1 F. D.340,363( D. .1 ) oc nc, 68 R. S. Ga 996). Howe r ûgj r e ssasr pr s i ag ns de ngcls ce tfcainf r ve,lthee xit tong eumpton ai t nyi a s rii to o m a ge e r s . I Thi i r i ve a c i r ton ofk he pot ntaldit c te i na m nt ea ons' d. s nquiy nvol s ons de a i ' s t e i fi uli s n i t f ng a notf ng c a sm e be s oft s t c l ul ton ofi vi ua da a s ml den iyi nd iyi l s m r he ui, a c a i ndi d l m ge , d diti ton ofda a . 1 l t sc s ,t c tfndst tt cls woul bema ge bl srbu i m ges' d. n hi a e he our i ha he a s ' d na a e. A lhoug t pu a i cl s m e be slve i Gua e a a a do nots k Engls t s t h he t tve as m r i n t m l nd pea i h, he e dit c te do nota ountt a s t ntalba re i i ntf ng a notf ng c a sm e be s Se fi uli s m o ubsa i r i r n de iyi nd iyi l s m r. e Hay wood,1 F. D. t5 (i i t twih apr posdcls ofmi a wor r,dheeae 09 R. a 93 tndng ha, t o e as grnt kes t r r t undoubt y adm i s r i com plcatonsi m anagi a cl oft s sort but. .t s exitt edl nit atve i i n ng ass hi , . ool s o ma t pr es wor ' . nt ke he oc s k.' Eve houghpli if c e t tdeenda sdonotha a ) antfs ontnd ha f nt ve ny r c ds t tw oul a d i i ntf ng pot nta c as m e be s e r pot ntalc a sm e be ha e or ha d i n de iyi e i l l s m r , ve y e i l s m r s a H - vi a t s a e bot t re pl yera tm e pe i ofe pl e .l f t a t s n 2B s hat t t s h hei m o nd i r od m oym nt n ac , t hi poi ,pl ntf have been abl t i iy 18 cl m em bersand obt n t rdecl atonsi nt ai ifs e o dentf ass ai hei ar i n s uppol ofpl ntf s a gum e s. s def nt do no c e t tpr ec i a c as ac i ' t ai if ' r nt Al o, enda s t ont nd ha os utng l s ton i t s c e w o d be unm a gea e. a ntf sdo a know l dge t tt r w ilbe s e difculy n hi as ul na bl Pl i i f c e ha he e l om fi t i notf ngca sme r purua t Rul 23( () Howe r pli if saet tt yc n n iyi ls mbe s s nt o e b)3 . ve, antfs tt ha he a pr vi t c t t anotc pln upon a or rgr ntng cas c rii ton.Acc di y, he o de he our wih ie a n de a i l s e tfca i or ngl t f t f c ordoe no we g agans c rii a i be a e aspl i if co e m ant i ngt s ourh a t s t i h i t e tfc ton c us , antfs nt nd, i ani hi c s asa c as a ton out e g a a m i sr tve bur ns Shoul pr em s a i e i t f ur ae l s ci w i hs ny d ni ta i de . d obl rs n he ut e r ende i c hii aton i ppr i t ,t cou tc n al a dec r iy a t ttm e Haywood,1 rng e fc i na opra e he r a w ys e tf t ha i . 09 F. . .at593. RD Ove a l t r i c e n t , n t a e e ofa c as a ton,onl a ve y f w H - B r l, he e s onc r hat i he bs nc l s ci y r e 2 w or r w ilbe pos tone t ltga e t i c a m s A c or ngl a i co l i t c t i ke s l ii d o ii t he r l i . c di y, nd n nc uson, he our f nds t tRul 23( ( ca sce tfc toni a opraei t sc s ha e b)3) ls riiai s ppr it n hi a e. 1 11. Fai L abor St r andards Act U nde t Fa rLa S a r A c ,a em pl e m a i ta e a c as a ton on be l of r he i bor t nda ds t n oye y nii t l s c i ha f hi efa ohesû i lryst td. 29U. C.j21 b)Unlkeca saci und Rul 23, ms l nd t r ç mial iuae ' s ' S. 6( . i ls tons er e e h i vi lcl s m em be m us afim a i l cons nti w rtng t pa tc pa e i t s t ac ndi dua as r t fr tve y e n ii o r i i t n he ui unde t FLSA. d.The e or t c t us frtde em i t tt pl ntfsa e t i ia l r he 1 r f e,he our m t is tr ne ha he ai if r d m lry s stae 'a dte t a t e û p e -n' yfl gc n e t t j i tes i. uso v. i td, n h n h t h y t td i'b ii o s n s o on h ut Ho tn URS Cop. u ' o n r, 591F.Supp. 8 8 ( D. 2008) Fis,tpon ami ma e de ir s ng't tt 2d 27, 31 E. Va. . rtdu ni l vi ntay howi 'ha he c as i s m ia l st t d,t pl i ifm a m ove f w a d w ih a c l c i a ton on a l s s i l r y iua e he a ntf y or r t ole tve c i ç ovii ba i.' wl v. usi Ho eHe lh Ca e. nc.244 F. D.298,300 ( M d. û sonal s s'Ra s Aua tne m pr at r l , R. D. 2007 .The t c tpr ee t t s ondse f l ngdic r I Att ss c sage ) n,he our oc ds o he ec tp olowi sove y. d. hi e ond t , 16 t c ta i am or srnge i r t dee mi whehert pl i if a esm ia l he our pples e ti nt nquiy o tr ne t he antfs r i lry s t t d. d. iua e I The fr ti r i whe he t pl i if a e s m ia l st t d.Thi i a i a ry l ni is nqui y s t r he a ntf s r i l ry iua e s s s il e ent f s a a d' a r uie onl S i m alev de e. Enkhba rChoi bolv. if e d Res r s l , t nd r ' nd eq r s y s ni m i nc ' ' va m Fa r i l o t . nc. 475F.Supp. 557,5 ( D. .2006) Theprmayf usi whehe t potnta pli if 2d 62 E. Va . i r oc s t r he e il antfs a e k i ia l st t wih r pe tt t l gala t a l s e e e , he f c uali s st be r s m l ry iua ed t es c o he e s nd, o e s r xt nt t a t s ue o de e m i d.' d. n t s c s ,t na e pl i i f ha m a a s t c e t s t r ne ' 1 l hi a e he m d a ntf s ve de ufi i n howi t tt y a e ng ha he r s m ia l st t d t t pr ed c as m e be s A ga n, a ntf s s ek r c r unde t s m e i l ry iua e o he opos l s m r . i pl i if e e ove y r he a l lt r e bas d on def nda s'ale vi a i o e pl e 1 w pe t i ng t ega heo i s e e nt l ged ol tons f m oym nt a r a ni o r i bur e e s w a ,ove tm e,a doc en a i Pl i if bolt rt i a l ga i w ih e m s m nt , ges ri nd um t ton. a ntf s s e he r le tons t de l r tonsfo s ve a potnta cas me be s l a ton, he c t ha f c a a i r m e r l e il l s m r . n ddii ot r ours ve oundt ts h ha uc w or r w e e sm ia l s t t d i lke c r um s a e .Se D e Luna Gue r v. . G r e s ke s r i l ry iua e n i ic t nc s e - r eo N C. ow r As'.n ,3 8F. u p. d6 9, 5 ( D. C. 0 4 (rnigrq eto c ri cto u d r# sn lc, 3 S p 2 4 6 4 E. N. 2 0 ) ga tn e u s fr ett ain n e i 21 b whena1pli if wokedfrd e nta c mpl ne ofde e ntsri s nt 6() 1 antfs r o efnda nd o ai d f nda ' embureme polc whihalgedl rs tdi ami mum wa vi ai unde FLSAI s ealoM ont v. iy, c le y e ule n ni ge olton r ;e s ova S. C. PantncConta t s I , CCB- 455;2008W L 55 44, * ( Md. b. C. P. i i rcor, nc,No. 0741 at 2 D. Fe 26, 2008 (rntngcl sc rii tonunde j21 b)whe pl ntfss weda quaee de e ) ga i as e tfcai r 6( n ai if ho de t vi nc t oug s nde aai oft smeFLSA vi ai ,i udi fiu et payovetme . hr h wor clrtons he a oltons ncl ng alr o ri ) Ac or ngl t c tfndst tpli if aesmial st tdunde j216( . c di y,he our i ha antfs r i lry iuae r b) Be us di c y i c pl t i i now a opr a e t pr e d t t s cond s e oft ca e s over s om e e, t s ppr i t o oc e o he e t p he c a sc tfc ton i uiy. e Es a e v.SSC La e O pe a i Co. C,8 F. p.2d 8 , l s eri i a i nq r Se s m ur l r tna LC 47 Sup 21 826- ( M d. 2)( clni t pr e dt t ne se uni dic r hasbee c eed) 27 D. 201 de i ng o oc e o he xt tp tl s ovey n omplt . Def nt a e i def ul a t r o e ha nota g t td e tt a i i a opra e unde enda s r n a t nd he ef r ve r ued ha ec r i ton s ppr i t k r t s co se oft coleci a ton c rii ai a l i.l a 8 Ase ai d a ve he e nd tp he l tve c i e tfc ton nayss d. t 27, xpl ne bo , pl i if ha m a a s t ntals i t tm e be soft put tve cl s a e sm ia l a ntf s ve de ubsa i how ng ha m r he a i a s r i l ry s t t a t r or al o s ts y t she g e d s r i iua ed, nd he ef e s a i f hi i ht ne c utny. Pl i if ha tl d c e f m sf om s ve ee m em be s oft pot nta c a s a t r a ntf s ve i e ons nt or r e nt n r he e i l l s fe c uci o r ac i Guaema a Theco ta e wih pl i if t taf t rnotc pe i t ond tng ute h n t l. ur gr es t antfs ha urhe ie rod o alow a tonalc as m e be st opti w oul be unnec s a y.Se Be na d v. ous hol l '. l ddii l s m r o -n d e sr e r r H e d nt l I ,231F. pp.2d433,436( D. 2002)(i ngt tf t rnotcewa unne esay nc. Su E. Va. tndi ha urhe i s c s r w he pl i if a r ady ha t na esoft i vi l w ihi t cl s u ii ed e e i n a ntf s le d he m he ndi dua s t n he as , tlz xt nsve ne pa ra rie nt, ndha ampl o runiyt r a ht s i vi l) The eor,t ws pe dve tsme s a d e ppo t t o e c hee ndi duas. r f e he c tgrnt fnalc riiai t pl ntfs c lci a i unde j21 b) our a s i e tfc ton o ai if' ole tve cton r 6( . C oncl on usi The cour fndst t si an appr i e case f certfcaton as a cl act on.Fi t t i hat hi s opr at or ii i ass i rs , pl ntf sm e tt r quie e t ofnum e os t c m ona iy,t c lt a a qua y of ai i f e he e r m n s r iy, om lt ypi a iy, nd de c rpr e ai purua t Ruls23() l a ton,t pr e ca ss tsist t e esntton s nt o e a .n ddii he opos d ls aife he wo rquieme sunde Rul 23( ( . pr e cl sofpli if c it ofali vi s e r nt r e b)3) The oposd as antfs onsss l ndi dual a te asH- tmporr fr i wor r purua t 8U. C.j11 1a( 5)H)i)b) who dmitd 2B e ay o egn kes s nt o S. 0 ()1 ( (i( , w e e e pl d i t def nda s f e ty ope a i f o Oc obe 2008 untlt flng oft r m oye n he e nt ' or s r r tons r m t r i he ii he c pl i .l a ton,pl ntf sm e t i bur n f ce tf ng a c l c i a ton unde FLSA . om a nt n ddii ai i f t he r de or riyi ole tve c i r Fort f e ng r a ons t c t a spl ntf s m o i t ce tf c a sa he or goi e s , he our gr nt ai i f ' ton o ri y l s nd colectve acton.The courtappoi st nam ed pl ntf sascl r l i i nt he ai i f ass epresent i and pl ntf s' atves ai if c elofrc d a ca sc e. anif aedie t t fl t i Rul 23b)3)notc pln ouns e or s ls ouns lPlitfs r r ced o ie her e ( ( ie a wihi t ry( da fom t daeo enr oft sme a z opi ona a ompa ng t n hit 30) ys r he t f ty hi morndlm ni nd cc nyi or r Thec twiltkepli if'moi f dea tj de . our l a antfs ton or ful udgme unde ad s mentuntlt nt r vie i he conc us o oft optoutpe i f c a sm e be s The Cl k i die t d t s nd ce tfe co es l i n he rod or l s m r. er s r c e o e ri i d pi oft s m e or ndum opi on a t a co pa ng or rt a lco elofr co d. hi m a ni nd he c m nyi de o 1 uns e r ENTER:Thi Y s da ofOcobe, 2015. y t r Chi Unied St t D i rctJudge ef t a es sti
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