Selective Way Insurance Company v. Apple et al, No. 3:2013cv00042 - Document 113 (W.D. Va. 2015)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Norman K. Moon on 9/8/2015. (mab)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
I TH E UNI N TED STA TES D I STRI CO UR T CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STW CT OF VI NI RGI A CHARLOTTES LLE DI SI VI VI ON CAS NO. 1 - v- 004 E 3: 3 c 0 2 SELECTI W AY I VE NSURANCE COMPANY, Plit anf M EM O RAN DUM O PW I ON ROSEANNE BROWNJ APPLE.ett , NG , V. Dee ant. f nd s J UDGEN ORM AN K . OON M Pl ntf Selci W a I urnc Compa (i aitë 'ord e tve' tldt sa ton ai if etve y ns a e ny d ni ' t ci ' ie hi ci pl sel ) on Ocobe 3,2 3,se ng ade lrt yj gme u r28U. C.j2201 Thec eaies t r 01 e ki caaor ud nt nde S. . as rs fom a Ma l ,201 moorve ce a ci nt(he d cde ' bewe n d e n Ros a r y 8 2, t hil c de t i i nt' t e efnda t enne Ac ) Br ngAppl (( r. pl' a EalEuge Hoa (( . a' . r. ewa di nga owni e $ s Ap e' nd r M ) ne r 6 Ho r' M s Appl s rvi Mr ) 20 Li col Town Ca a t tm e of t a i nt whi h w a i ur d u r a c m e c a 04 n n r t he i he cc de , c s ns e nde om r i l polc (hek iy' is d b See tve.See tveno a g st tM r.Appl i no e il dt iy t k c ' s ue y lc i pol ) lc i w r ue ha s 'e s t ntte o cover unde t Polcy because s does notqualf as a i ur A ccor ngl Sel i age r he i he iy n ns ed. di y, ectve s eeks a decl aton t i has no dut t eiher def or i m niy M r A ppl i connecton ar i hat t y o t end nde f s. en i w ih a y c a m o l w s tb oug a i the by M r Hoa ,o t pa s og to t hi i ur r t n l i r a ui r ht ga ns r . r r o y ubr a i n o s ns e , Pr r sveGul I urnc Company(d oge sve'.Mr.Appl a Buidig l tis lc. ogesi f ns a e i rsi ' pr ) s e nd l n ndusre , n (t l ng l tis' ha ildac ntr am,whih Mr Hoa a Pr r sveha j ne dBuidi ndusre ' ve e ou ecli ) c . r nd ogesi ve oi d, Selective Way Insurance Company v. Apple et al Doc. 113 se ngade lrt yj me t tMr. pl quai sasa i urd;rf mainoftepolcy e ki caaor udg ntha s Ap e lse n ns e eor to h i t i ude M r Appl asan i ur and a det m i ton t tSel tve i ts opped f om denyi o ncl s. e ns ed; er na i ha ec i s t r ng c ea Thepa te fldcos moto frs mmar j ov rge. ris ie r s ins o u y udgme t o whihlr e De e r1 n, n c uld c mbe , 201 dim i sng m a y, b no al,oft pa tes l m s as l f nd t t t r w e e ge ui 4, s s i n ut t l he ri 'c ai , ou ha he e r n ne E1 1 Dockets.Justia.com dipu e of m a e i l f c r a i t M r .A p e' cl m s f r f m a i n of t Polc a f s ts t ra a t eltng o s pl s ai 0r e or to he i y nd or co rgeunde t pemisveus pr sonoft Vigni Omni Clus Va. e.j38. vea r he r si e ovii he r i a bus a e, Cod 2220 (t busClus' . 4 tomni a e' ) ral he ris o e td hre A one- bench ti t pl on Jul 28,2015. Atti ,t pa te c nt se t e day ral ook ace y c nta is s ( )whehe Mr.Appl ha te pemison ofBuidi I tist drvet e rl sue : 1 tr s e d h r si l ng ndusre o i he TownCa;( whehe Buidi l tisha a itrs i t To Ca s f e tt g a t r 2) t r l ng ndusre d n neet n he wn r ufkin o r n c er e un t Omni Clus spemisveus prvii a ( )whehe t r wa a ov ag der he bus a e' r si e o son; nd 3 t r hee s mut lmitkebewee Clvi CarAppl,J.C$ .Appl')a BB&T I urnc Sevie ua sa t n e us r e r Mr e' nd ns a t r c s I ($ nc. ç BB&T' s ht tt Polc is d by BB&T s d berf me t p ovi c ve a f ' uc ha he iy s ue ) houl e or d o r de o r ge or M r. s Appl whie s d ove t To n Ca i h rpe s la f is e l he r he w r n e r ona f a r . Fe e a Rul ofCi lPr e e5 a( )prvi st tSll a a to ti on te fcs drl e vi oc dur 2()l o de ha tin n cin red h a t wih a j r ...t c r mus fnd t fct s cal a sae is c l i of 1w tout uy he out t i he a s pe ily nd tt t oncusons d s a el The sndi and concl i m ay be sat on t r d afer t cl e of t epar t y. ngs usons t ed he ecor t he os he e de e o m a a pea i a o ni or a m e or ndum of de i i n fl d by t c r . As vi nc r y p r n n pi on m a c s o ie he ou t' ' e ai d i t fn ngs of f c a c cl i of 1 w s t f t be o ,l c nc ude t t t xpl ne n he i di a t nd on usons a e orh l w o l ha he Polc s d n b r or e t i l M r .A p e a a i u e bu t t M r . Appl i i y houl ot e ef m d o nc ude s pl s n ns r d, t ha s e s c r d unde t Polc by ope a i o t V igi aOm ni Cl us . ove e r he i y r ton f he r ni bus a e 1.BACKGROUND Pri t t i ,t pari s i at t t f l i f s Se e tve is ed t Buidi or o ral he tes tpul ed o he olow ng act . l c i s u o l ng I usre Comme cil Ge r l Libiiy Polc No. 1 9338 (he ( iy' , e f c i nd tis r a ne a a lt iy 90 02 t $ c ' fe tve Pol ) Sept ber30,20l1. Buidi l t i I ,i t nam ed i ur undert Polcy. Buidi em l ng ndus res, nc. s he ns ed he i l ng I t i i a cor aton or zed undert lw sofVigi a,a owned by M r.Appl and hi ndus res s por i gani he a r ni nd e s son,John Appl The Polcy ls s t 2004 Li n Tow n Ca ,V ehi e I ii i N um be e. i it he ncol r cl dentfcaton r E1 2 I LNHM 8l WX4Y6348 (h if Ca',i t ' he ul ofCo e Aut YouOwn. A 95 te ibwn r' n he s d e ) sc verd os ' ' s ctc dola a pe il lr mounti lse i t Po i a t p e u a ti a et t To Ca . The s itd n he lcy s he r mi m trbutbl o he wn r Town Ca i tte j nty t Mr Appl a M r.Ap e a i vi al. Mr Ap e a Mr. r s iid oi l o . e nd s pl s ndi du s . pl nd s A ppl a e h b nd a w ie a ctz nsof t Co m onwe t of Vigi a. Th Town Ca i e r us a nd f nd ii e he m alh r ni e rs prncpa l g r e a us d i t Co i i ly a ag d nd e n he mmonwe t ofVigni On M a l 201 M r.Appl alh r i a, y 8, 2, s e wa d i ng t Town Ca whe s wa i vol d i a m o o ve c e ac i en w ih M r Hoa . At s rvi he r n he s n ve n t r hi l c d t t . r t tm e oft e A c i nt M r A ppl wa i t Town Ca sti ne t M r .Appl ,who w a he i h c de , . e s n he r itng xt o s e s t a por i hi h e f om M a t J f e s H os t l r ns tng m om r rha e f r on pia . 1 FI NGS OFFACT l. NDI l a to t t f c s s i ul t d t by t pa te a de c i d a ove 1 m a t n ddii n o he a t tp a e o he r i s nd s rbe b , ke he f l i fndi soff c : olow ng i ng at a. The Polc Background iy: i s s i es 1. Sel i aut i BB& T t gat i or a i f om clent and isue polci on ectve horzed o her nf m ton r Sel i s behal.Cor e H unt rD ep.30: ectve' f ri e 7-31: A ug.4,201 23, 4. 2. Da Busad ($ r Busad',a alrlva tme ,wase oy d by BB&T.Cori n sr $ . sr ' t l ee nt i s M ) mpl e re H unt Dep.69: er 19-21,Aug.4,201 4. BB&T aut i M r.Buss d t ga her i or aton fom clent and isue polc on horzed ar o t nf m i r i s s ies BB& T' behal.Cor i Hunt D ep.69: s f re er 19-21,A ug.4,201 4. M r Bus a d r c i d a f n nc a i c tve f o BB& T by i r a i t t t lp e i . s r e e ve i a i l n en i r m nc e sng he o a r m um of t polci he negotat I i a tonal ve cl under a polcy i eas t he i es i ed. nsurng ddii hi es i ncr ed he t alpr i oft polcy.Cor i Hunt Dep.86: ot em um he i re er 24-87: 6,A ug.4,2014. 1 M r.Appl pur ed t Polcy fom BB& T.Cor i H unt Dep.30: e chas he i r re er 7-12,A ug.4,201 4. 6. BB& T i ued t Polcy t M r A ppl on behal of Sel i Cor i H unt De 30: 3ss he i o . e f ectve. re er p. 1 21,A ug.4,2014. ( 31 b. The Polcy:Negoti on i ati l M r Bus a d ne ta e t Polc w ih M r Ap e ove t pho Cori Hun e De . . s r go i t d he iy t . pl r he ne. r e t r p. 69: 19-70: ,Aug.4,201 01 4. 2. M r Bus a d ga he e i or a i f o M r A p e o r t pht e i or r t is e t . s r t r d nf m ton r m . pl ve he m n de o s u he Polcy.Cor i Hunt D ep.69: 9-70: Aug.4,2014. i re er 1 1, M r Appl s f caly i or ed M r Bus d t tt Town Car asw el as M r.Appl s . e pecii l nf m . sar ha he , l e' ot rve c e , e e i ur d on a p i t i vi lpolc Tral . 11 J y 28, 5 he hi l s w r ns e rva e ndi dua i y. i Tr, , ul 201 . 4. M r Bus d encour . sar aged M r Appl t i e t Town Car and M r Appl s ot . e o nsur he . e' her ve cl s unde a s ngl polc i s d by BB& T o be l of Selc i M r Bus a d hi e r i e i y s ue n ha f e tve. . s r i or ed M r.A ppl t i w oul be t M r A ppl s advant t i ur al of hi nf m e hat t d o . e' age o ns e 1 s vehi esundera si e polcy.TralTr. 11,J y 28,2015. cl ngl i i , ul 5. M r Bus a d ha w r e M r Appl s r s e t hi i re o a quo e s e .Co re . s r nd ot . e' e pons s o s nquii s n t he t r i Hunt Dep.40: -41: 5,A ug.4,2014;Appl sM ot Sum m . ,Ex. er 25 1 e' . J. F. 6. Ne t erM r Bu s r norBB& T a k d M r Appl t s bm i a i ur n e a plc ton,a ih . sad se . e e u t n ns a c p i a i nd M r A p e di n s i a i u a e a plc ton. Cor i Hunt r De 7 2-71 1 A u . pl d ot ubm t n ns r nc p i a i re e p. 0: : , g. 4,201 4. 7. The i on ton e i t d fom M r Appl byM r Bus a d a d r c de o t equot s e nf ma i lcie r . e . s r n e or d n h e he t wa t onl i o ma in us d byBB&T t dl f a is et Polc . Co eH u e D e s he y nf r to e o ' t nd s u he iy ni nt r p. a 70: 2-712 Aug.4, 201 1, 4. The qu e s e pr pa e b M r Bus a d c t i d a s cton tte S rv l o m a i '' ot he t e r d y . s r on a ne e i ild r i er nf r ton . M r Bus a d Ised t na e , da e ofbit an d i r s lc ns num b sof M r . s r it he m s t s rh, d rve ' i e e er . M r .Appl ,a J n Appl un rt s s c i . A ppl sM ot.Sum m s e nd oh e dt hi e ton e' . Appl e, J. Ex. , F. 9. The quot s e heet lsed t Town Car and t ee ot e ve c e a v cl s t b i ur d it he hr h r hi l s s ehi e o e ns e undert Polcy.Appl sM ot Sum m .J. Ex.F. he i e' . , E) 4 1 The qu e s e pr par by M r Bus a d c t i d no i or a i r ga d ng t e 0. ot he t e ed . s r on a nc nf m ton e r i h owner p oft A ppl ve cl Appl sM ot Sum m .J. Ex.F. shi he e hi es. e' . , ll.M r Bus d di not as M r A ppl aboutt tti oft Town Ca ort ot t ee . sar d k . e he ilng he r he her hr 6, 4; i . 0 , ul , vehi es.Cl us Appl Jr.Dep.24: 7,June 1 201 TralTr, 1 -11 J y 28 cl evi e, 15-1 2015. l N eiher BB& T nor Sel tve a t pt t obt n i or aton r di t tti oft 2. t ec i tem ed o ai nf m i egar ng he ilng he Tow n Carort ot t vehi es.Cor i Hunt Dep.86: l 5,Aug.4,2014. he her hree cl re er 1 -l l M r Ap e di n dic os hi ve c e tti i or a i b a e ne t r M r Bus a d, 3. . pl d ot s l e s hi l ilng nf m ton ec us ihe . sr BB& T,no Se e tve r q t d t i or a i Cl vi A p e J .De 24: 1 J r l c i e uese he nf m ton. e us pl , r p. 6-1 , une 16,2014;TralTr. 20,J y 28,2015. i , ul c. The Fi Polc nal iy l M r Ap e beive t t a i e d f ,te Polc t pr vi c ve a f hi el, . . pl le d ha, nd ntnde or h iy o o de o r ge or ms f M r .Appl ,a J Ap e whe ve t y d ove t Town Ca . Cl vi Appl ,J .De s e nd ohn pl ne r he r he r e us e r p. 24: 1,June 16,2014;TralTr, 20,Jul 28,2015. 6-1 i . y 2. The i i uf i ent e dence t det m i whet ornotM r Bu s r be ive t t or re s ns fci vi o er ne her . s a d le d ha, it nd d t t t Polc woul pr de c e a f M r Appl,M r .Appl a J n e e ha, he iy d ovi ov r ge or . e s e, nd ohn Appl w h ne r t y dr t Town Ca . Cor i H unt Dep. 65: -25,Aug.4,201 e e ve he ove he r re er 1 4; TralTr,l1 2,20, Jul 28, i . -1 y 2015. 3. As is d,t e Polc di no pr d co r ge f M r Appl M r .Appl s ue h iy d t ovie ve a or . e, s e , a J n nd oh Ap e whe eve t e dr vet To Ca . Th Polc pr vi d c ver g onl whe t y pl n r h y o he wn r e iy o de o a e y n he dr t e Town Car i t e f t r nc of t b ove h n h urhe a e he usn s orpe s laf is o Buidi its rona far f l ng I dus re . e tv sA m . Compl,Ex. n t i s Sel c i e' . C. The Polc w a i e f c on M a 1 , 201 t da e oft A c i n be we M r iy s n fe t y 8 2, he t he c de t t en s . and M r.Hoar Sel i sAm . Com pl,Ex.C . . ectve' . f1 5 Appl e 5. The Polc r quie Sel c i t d en an i m niy t i u ed a ai t a l ws t i y e r s e tve o ef d d nde f he ns r g ns ny a ui a s r i g a c e e cl m .Se e tv sA m . s e tn ov r d ai l c i e' Com pl, C. . Ex. 6. M r H o r ha br hts tag i tM r . . a s oug ui a ns s Appl i r a i t t M a l 201 ac i en . e n elton o he y 8, 2, c d t V igi a Cic tCou tofLou s Co t Ca e n CLl r ni r ui r i a un y s o. 3000 305 00. d. Ow ne s p oft To n C ar r hi he w l The To n Ca i tte t M r a M r .Appl a n Buidi l t i .Se e tve' . w r s il d o . nd s e, nd ot l ng ndusres l c i s M ot Sum m .J. Ex.A. . , 2. M r Appl be i ve i woul be difc tt o a n fna i f r a ve c e o d by a . e le d t d f ul o bt i i nc ng o hi l wne s a l c r r ton, s h a Buidi l us re . A c i on t s be i f M r Appl m l o po a i uc s l ng nd t i s tng hi le , . e pur as d t v c e , i cl ng t e To n Ca , i hi a hi w ie' na e.Cl vi ch e he ehi l s n udi h w r n s nd s f s m e us Appl Dep.20: e 14-21: June 16,2014. 18, e Buidi l . l ng ndus r e 'l e e ti t Town Car t i s nt r s n he 1. Buidi I ti spr vi d t f ndsus d t pa f rt e Town Ca i 2 l ng ndusr e o de he u e o y o h r n 004.TralTr,9, i . Jul 28,2015. y 2. Buidi l us re pa d c t a s cit d w ih t upke p oft Town Ca .Tra Tr,9, l ng nd t i s i os s s o a e t he e he r il . Jul 28,2015. y Buidi l us re pa d t e i ur nc pr m i s d on t To Ca und rt Polc l ng nd t i s i h ns a e e um ue he wn r e he i y. TralTr. 9,Jul 28,2015. i , y 4. Buidi l ti pai f t Town Car s gas i Cl us Appl Jr Dep.31: 4, l ng ndusres d or he ' olne. evi e, . 8-1 June l TralTr. 64,Jul 28,20l5. 6; i , y Buidi I t i s r gul ry us d t Town Ca a a b i s ve c e For i t nc l ng ndusr e e a l e he r s us ne s hi l . ns a e, Buidi l l ng ndusti used t Town Car t haulequi ent and s i t wor sies. res he o pm upples o k t Ros anne Appl Dep.31: e 4-32: J 2, une 16,201 TralTr. 5-8,67-68,70 Jul 28,2015. 4; i , y E 61 6. Buidi g I dus re de i d e on i be ft f o is us of t Town Ca . Ro a l n n t i s rve c om c ne i r m t e he r s nne Appl Dep.31: e 4-32: June l 2014;TralTr. 9-1 70,Jul 28,2015. 2, 6, i , 0, y 7. Bo h Buid ng I t i sa t Appl sbele d a und r t od t tBuidi l usre t l i ndusr e nd he e ive nd e s o ha l ng nd t i s ha a rgh t pos e s a co r t Town Ca .Ros nne Appl D e 20: -21: ,J d i t o s s nd ntol he r a e p. 7 1 une 1 2 4;TralTr,5 26,65 68 J y 28, 5. 6, 01 i . -8, , ul 201 f M rs A ppl s Use oft Tow n Car . . e' he 1. M r A ppl r ary dr t Tow n Ca as a per onalvehi e.Ros s. e egul l ove he r s cl anne Appl Dep. e 31: 4-32: J l6,201 2, une 4. 2. M r Appl r arl dr t Town Caron behal ofBuidi l ti Fori t s. e egul y ove he f l ng ndusres. ns ance, M r . Ap e us d t Town Ca t ha e ui e t a s pples t wor st s a t s pl e he r o ul q pm n nd u i o k ie nd o de i e Buidi l us rt ' c ec t b nks Ros nne Appl De 3l 4-3 2,J lv r l ng nd t i s h ks o a . a e p. : 2: une 1 6, 201 Tral . 5 ,62 67 ,70 J y 28, 5. 4; i Tr, -8 , -68 ul 201 3. M r A p e,J Appl , a Buidi l ti s w t e a a t t tM r , Appl r g a l . pl ohn t nd l ng ndusr t r w r ha s t t ul r y dr t Tow n Caras a per onalvehi e. Net rpa t o j tdt Mr. ove he s cl ihe ry bece o s Appl sus of e' e t e To Ca a a pe s lve c e. J hn Appl D e 20: -9 Aug.1 , 201 Tra Tr, h wn r s r ona hi l o e p. 7 , 4 4; il .8 9,18-19,62-63,74-75, Jul 28,2015. y l CONCLISI OF LAW l. J ONS a.Applcabl LegalSt i e andar ds T llgl / Om ni s Cl e:Ov r i w he ' W ' ' t r z bu aus e ve The Vigi a Omni Clus a ple t a polc is d by a i s e lc ns d i r ni bus a e p is o ny iy s ue n n ur r i e e n V igi a t tco r a m ot v cl prnc pa l ga a ed i Vigi a. r ni ha ve s or ehi e i i ly r g n r ni Va. e.j382- 4( . Cod . 220 A) Any pr vi i of a i ur n polc t t c lc s wih t r q r m e s i po e by t o son n ns a ce i y ha onfi t t he e uie nt m s d he Om ni us Cl u e i voi a s r e d by t r e nt pori n of t sat e. Id b a s s d nd upe s de he elva to he t ut . j 38, 2- 2 E) ac or Hail v Souter He ia I s Co. 492 S. 2d l35, l ( .1 7)((T) 204( ; c d si . h n rtge n p , E. 37 Va 99 çE he . (1 7 om ni s a u e i by f c ofis p ovi i m a a pa to a la lt p i y, nd i t be lbe a l bus t t t s or e t r sons de r f ibiiy olc a s o i r ly c tu d t a co ih is i e de pur s .)(ntralquoai maks o te ( otng onsre o c mpls t ntn d po e' i en ' tton r mitd) qu i Gr geMut v CrtronIs Co,1 S. 2d91 93( 1 2). an ual . ie i n . . 88 E. , Va. 97 ) Li w ie t Su e e Cou tof V igi a ha empha i e t tt Om ni Cl us i a ke s , he pr m r r ni s s z d ha he bus a e s r me alsa u e a a s h,Si t be l r l c nsr e t e f cuae i ur nc c e a t e di tt t , nd, s uc ds o i aly o tu d o fe t t ns a e ov r ge o be pemisveus r. Ci o fol v Igr 367S. 2d7 727( .1 ) s ealoHail r si es' t fNor k . n am, ' y E. 25, Va 988; e s sl p, 492 S. 2 a 1 (t-'e Omnius Clusl is t be lbeal c tt d t aco ih is E.d t 37 k f gh b a e i o i rly onsrl o c mpls t e it de puros '' ( i Gr ge Muu v Crtron Is Co. l S. 2d 91 9 ( nen d p e.' quotng an ) tal . ie i n . , 88 E. , 3 Va. l 2);St m v Natonwie Mut Is Co. 97 S. 2d 75 76 ( 1 7)($The Omni 97 ) or . i d . n. , E. 9, 2 Va. 95 f( bus Clusli t be lbealy c tue s t tt pupos itnd d may b a c ihe ';s a e s o i r l onsr d o ha he r e ne e e c ompls d.' ee ) alo Jordan v.Shely M ut Pl e Gl s & Cas. Co. l 2 F.d 52,57 ( h Ci.l )(( he s b . at as ,4 2 4t r 944 tTJ $ G ni cl e'sat e,as r edi l slton, mus b lbe al i tm r td t .. b oa e t e om bus aus t ut em al egi a i t e i r ly ne ee o . r d n h c ve a ofa t mobie-ibiiy po iis' . o r ge u o l la lt lce . ' ) 2. Scpeo h Cl e o fte aus Th Omni Clu e e e a polc s i u a e c ve a t a one who d i s a e bus a s xtnds iy' ns r nc o r ge o ny rve c e e ve cl w ih t pe m is o oft e na e i u e . Se Vaov r d hi e t he r s i n h m d ns r d e Code.j38.- 44 (( 2220 A) d No polc ...s l be is d or de i r d i t s Comm o e 1h . . . unl s t polc c nt ns a iy ha l s ue lve e n hi nw at e s he iy o ai pr s o i s i t na e i u e , a a y ot rpe s usng o r s nsbl f t e u e of ovi i n n urng he m d ns r d nd n he r on i r e po i e or h s t m ot vehi e, aic a orprva e pl a ur wa e c a twih t e r s he or cl r r h, i t e s e t r r f t he xp e s d ori ple c e e m id ons nt oft nam ed i ur .' TheSu e Co t Vigi aha frhe caii t t he ns td ). prme ur of r ni s ut r lrfed ha: ( n me is e ge rly c nno gi pemiso t us a vehi e t t t A) a d n urd ntal a t ve r sin o e cl ha he oes not ow n , ( h ( me i ur jmus, sag nea r e Tqe na d ns ed t a e rl ul, ow n tw i ur vehi e or have such a i ns ed cl na d i ur d d me ns e . . p n i e e t i i t at he i e il d t t nt r s n t h s ntte o he o ss ina dc nr l ftev hil a di Jp sto t gies c pemi on. s eso n o to o h e ce n n o iin o v u h r ssi ( 81 Stne v.fie t Mut I .Co. 478 S. 2d 883 88 ( 1 )(mpha i a d (uoi o b ry . ns , E. , 6 Va. 996 e ss dde ) q tng Naton de Mut I .Co.v Col 1 S. 2 203,206 ( .1 ) The Suprme Cour of i wi . ns . e, 24 E.d Va 962). t t V igi a ha m a c e rt a whe lke Busne s l usre ,t na e i ur d d no o n t r ni s de l a h t n, i i s nd t i s he m d ns e oes t w he c r d ve c e t Om ni us Cl us wile e d c e a f r pe m i sve us w he t na e ove e hi l , he b a e l xt n ov r ge o r s i e n he m d i ur d ha s h a i e es t the i e ild t t pos e son a c to o t ve cea i ns e s uc n ntr t ha s ntte o he s s i nd on r l f he hil nd n aposton t gi s pennisi I ? ii o ve uch s on. d Cons n orpe s in t us t ve ce fo t na d i ur d ma be e r s or et nniso o e he hil r m he me ns e y xp es i i d.l pled c ns n S n ve a i e e c a i i f o a c s o c nduc orr l to hi mple m i o e t ç vol s n nf r n e rsng r m our e f o i t e a i ns p bewe n t pate ,i whih t r i mut l a q ese e or lc o obe to u r t e he ris n c hee s ua c ui c nc a k f jcin nde I mni n . , E. y 283 ( .1 ) Va 940 . cicum s a r t nces si f ng as nt' Hi onv. nde t Is Co.8 S. 2d279, gniyi se .' nt M oe rt Supe Cou tofVigi ah ssae t t$ind sni dmple pe sin,a rove,he rme r r ni a ttd ha $) e ng i id nmiso ' nd ( a yi i t t f c s of t m a y c s s w e ha ha t s c r ha be n lbe a i is ppl ng t o he a t he n a e ve d, hi ou t s e i r l n t i e rt to a a iai a ha gonefri hol ngi u a ec rir la e. Fi t Cas ntm eai n nd pplc ton, nd s a n di ns r nc a re s ibl ' d. t . ' Co.fN.K v. lw, S. 2d87 87 ( 1 0 . o Haro 59 E. 2, 4 Va. 95 ) 3. Re r i fo maton Re or a i of a c t a t i a opra e i t c r u sa e : Gr t whe a m u ua f m ton on r c s ppr i t n wo ic m t nc s s , n t l m it I t t om i on or i ton ofa m at i stpul i t i contar t t i enton s ake eads o he ssi nseri eral i aton hat s r y o he nt i of bot pari and s h tes; econd,when a m it by one pary i accompani by f aud or ot s ake t s ed r her i quia ec duc byt ohe .Bank r Fiel s Co.v He ron,8 S. 2d42 429( ne tbl on t he t r es r n . . ndes 3 E. 4, Va. lAtti ,Sel tver ha he s ofise riragume srga di t a iabiiyoft Omni Clus t t ral eci e s d ome t a le r nt e r ng he pplc lt he bus a t o he fcsoft sc e.Inoet un rSel tve' r a n oftec e M r Ap ewoul n bec rd i hedr t a t hi as t hat de eci s e dig h as, . pl d ot ovee f ove he Town Ca homea ni ord o it l h.Co a woul e s onl whenhedr t TownCa srcl i r t ght r ve t o unc verge d xit y ove he r tity n f t rnc ofBusne sI tisbusnes,s h a usngt ve cet dei rs i t awor st Thec s s urhea e i s ndusre i s uc s i he hil o lve upples o k ie. ae ct bySelc i i s r ofisposton, r c rsh de iedt fn cov r geu rteOmni Clus, ied e tve n uppo t t ii whee ou t ave cln o id e a nde h bus a e a e e iy ditnguiha efom t f c soft sc s ,a noneoft m i ol d a polc t tlsed t ve cl r asl s i s bl r he a t hi a e s he nv ve i y ha it he hi e ivol di t a i nta aco r dauo, di t na e i ur c ti t f n ve n he ccde s ve e t nor d he m d ns ed onrbu e undst t purhas , ane nc o he c e m itna e, o isrn epe u o tev hce S e eg, a v HafodFieIs Co, 9F.d2 6 29 (t Ci. 0 5 rnu a c rmims f h e il. e, ..Ph m . r r r n . .41 3 8 , 1 4h r2 0 ) ( tr nngt tt Omni Cl edi n ma t c r g whe a e oy wa i ana cde i hi own deemii ha he bus aus d ot ndae ove a e n n mpl ee s n c i ntn s p ro a v hcewhc h o c so al u e frwo kp r o e ) es n l e il ih e c a in l sd o r u p s s. y E1 9 1 4) De e nt b r t bu de of p oof on t ei rf mai cam ,as a pa t s ki 95 . f nda s ea he r n r h r e or ton li ry ee ng r or aton f m it i a writ i tum e mus ts ef m i or sake n ten nsr nt t show by evi dence whi l ch eaves no r easonabl doubt upon t m i of t cour, not onl of what t m it consit ,but t e he nd he t y he s ake ss ht c r c i whi h s d b m a ' 1 a 43l s e alo Ti r Fi r ,LLC v As n S c al I s or e ton c houl e de. d. t ; e s ge be s ' . pe pe i t n . y Co.59 F.Su 2d63 646( D.Va. )(mpha i ngt taS g trs ol Ls rq rd , 4 pp. 0, E. 2009 e szi ha s h he h d il e uie hi t e tbls a mu ua mitke'. The f c t ta i u e a e t a polc wihou no ii a o sa ih t l sa ' ) a t ha n ns r d cc p s iy t t tcng m it doesnotbarr or aton,e i he r t docum entcar essy orf l t r ew i a s ake ef m i ven f ead he el l aied o evi t t al Dik n o Cny Ba k v Ro lEx h Asu .o Lo d n En ln 1 0 S, 1 ,1 ( . l. c e s n f. n . ya c . s r f n o , ga d, 6 E. 3 8 Va l ) ac r Bak r Fie I .Co,83 S. 2 a 43 Any mit k ofa a nt s h a M r 93l; co d e r ns . E.d t 2. sa e n ge , uc s . Bus a d,i i e t i p i i ,i t s c s BB& T,a is prncpa ,Selc i . Te e v s r s mput d o t rnc pal n hi a e s nd t i i l e tve mpl . Vigi a Auo Mut I .Co. 25 S. 2d 2 272-3 ( .l 43 ;s e alo Va Cod j 38. r ni t . ns , E. 68, 7 Va 9 ) e s . e. 21 01A) 8 ( . b Co cu in o c . n lso s fL w The Polc ca t b r f r e d t m ut l m it ke. A lhoug i i c e r be nd a i y nno e e o m d ue o ua s a t h t s l a yo r a ona e dou t t M r Appl i e d M r .Appl t be i ur d w h ne r s dr ve e s bl bt ha . e nt nde s eo ns e e ve he o t Town Ca ,i i no cl a t tM r Bus a d a s i e d t Polc t c t i s h a he r t s t e r ha . s r l o nt nde he i y o on a n uc stpul im i urng M r Appl . It er or c udet tt e e de e i i ufi in t i atc ns i s. e h ef e oncl ha h vi nc s ns fce t o s ts y t hi t e hol r quie t e t bls a m ut lm it ke He de s 83 S. 2d a a if he gh hr s d e r d o s a ih ua s a . n r on, E. t 429. 2. Buidi g l t i s i i il c e e t M r . Appl s pe s lus oft e Town Ca l n ndusre mplc ty ons nt d o s e' r ona e h r . Buidi l t i i i at r a i hi w ih t Appl coupl w ih t rpas cour l ng ndus res' ntm e el tons p t he es ed t hei t se , ofc duc,sgn sa quis e ea Ic ofo j tont M r Appl s per on t i al c e c nc nd a k beci o s e' sonaluse of . t Tow n Car SeeH i on,8 S. .2d a 283; e alo Puli v. Coa t Eme ge y Se v he . nt E t se s lam s al r nc r s . E0 1J o c mon I 509S. 2d307,3 ( 1 )(xpli ngt tac r ai c na t fRih 4 nc, E. 20 Va. 999 e ani ha oporton a c o y t o isa nt) nl hr ugh t ge s . Buidi l s re ha a i e e t i t To n Ca s h t t i wa e il d t t l ng ndu ti s d n nt r s n he w r uc ha t s ntte o he poss i and contol of t vehi e, and was i a posiim t gi M r A ppl esson r he cl n tc o ve s. e p r iso t us t ve cl f rpc s na us Se St e v Lfe l M ut I s Co. 478 e m s in o e he hi e o r o l e. e on , ù ry . n. , S. 2d 88 8 ( 1 6)( tngNato deMutI .Co v Coe 1 4 S. 2d203 E. 3, 86 Va. 99 quoi inwi . ns . - l, 2 E. , 206( 1 62).Thi itrs i ce ry etbls d b t f lwi fcs ()Buidi Va. 9 ) s neet s lal sa ihe y he olo ng a t: l l ng l tispovi dfndst purhaeteTown Ca ;( Buidi l usre padf t ndusre r de u o c s h r 2) l ng nd tis i or he Town Ca ' mantna e ga ,a i ua eprmims ()Mr Appi,M r.Appl,a d rs i e nc , s nd ns rnc e u ; 3 . e s e n J hn Ap e undesood t tBuidi l tis ha a rg t us t ve ce () o pl rt ha l ng ndusre d iht o e he hil; 4 Buidi l ti woul s fra in nci ij y fom l sofus oft ve ce.Se l ng ndusres d ufe a al nur r os e he hil e Ll r (: kepoolf Londont Gl I .Co.v Bolig,1 S. 2d 51 52l( 1 )($ f obe ns . ln 0 E. 8, Va. 940 ; Any pe s n who ha a it r s i t pr pe t lga or e uia e o who sa i s h ro s n n e e t n he o ry, e l q tbl , r t nds n uc r a i t e e o t a isdesr c i woul e a l c a y l supo hi ,ha a i ur bl el ton h r t h t t t u ton d nt i pe uni r os n m s n ns a e itrs t tee tn ofhi i eett ri oroft l so whihhei s j ce byt neet o h xe t s ntrs heen, he os f c s ubetd he c s ly.) a uat ' . ' 4. Be a e Buidi l s re h d a i t r ti t e Town Ca s c t ti wa e tte t c us l ng ndu ti s a n n e es n h r u h ha t s n il d o t poss i and contoloft vehi e,wasi a posii t gi M r A ppl per i i he esson r he cl n ton o ve s. e m sson t us f ve cl f rpt s na us a d i f c i plc ty c t ed t M r .Ap t' us of o t he hi t o r o l e, n n a t m i il ons nt o s pl s e t ve cl t Om ni Cl us m a t c r e f M r . p e St ,478 S. 2d a he hi e, he bus a e nda es ove ag or s A pl . one E. t 886. 5. Becaus M r . Appl s Acci e s e' dent i i ur by t Polcy unde t Om ni Cl e, s ns ed he i r he bus aus Se e tve ha a du y t de e M r .Appl a i t a c am s r l tng t t M a 1 , lci s t o f nd s e ga ns ny l i e a i o he y 8 (l 11 201 a c de a t pr vi s h c ve a t he a i a plc bl t a p s i ur d 2 c i nt nd o o de uc o r ge o r s s p i a e o er on ns e undert t m soft polcy and t Om ni Cl he er he i he bus ause. 11 C ONCLUSI 1. ON Basd o alt e de eprs td a ti ,lc ncl t t ()t Polc cnno be e n l he vi nc eene t ral o ude ha: 1 he iy a t rfr dduet muua mitke ( t pc si us prvii ofteOmniusClus e tnd eome o t l sa ; 2)ht nnisve e o son h b a e xe s c r ge t M r .Appl f t Acc de t a s wasd i n w ih t e i ple c e ofBuid ng ove a o s e or he i n , s he rvi g t h m i d ons nt li l ndusti t nam ed i ed,and Buidi l ti had an i er ti t Town Car s sci res, he nsur l ng ndusr es nt es n he uf ent t ga c e und te Omni Clus spemisveus pr so a ( See tv mus o rnt onsnt er h bus a e' r si e oviin; nd 3) lcie t dtf M r Appl agai tany cl m broughtagai therr a i t t M ay 18,2012 acci . end s. e ns ai ns tl tng o he dent A n a o i t Or ra co pa est sM e or ndu Opi o ppr pra e de c m ni hi m a m ni n. Ent ed t s er hi day ofSept ber 2015. em , NO K. O M UNI TED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE ( 2j 1
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
