-BWC Koenig v. McHugh, No. 3:2011cv00060 - Document 28 (W.D. Va. 2012)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION regarding motion to dismiss. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/23/12. (hnw)
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nlFQK' OFFCE U.. SI OA I S I S DI RT ATR* * : VA FIED L I TH E UN I N TED STATES D I STRI C OUR T CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGW I A CH ARLOTTESV I LLE DI I ON V SI z2l0û i-. y(a1ss(v :(2/ kv, -)>4 1 $ '' h c /N' , i. 'rc% / m J UUAC. DUDL CL EK J ERK B Y: .cp. CAROL J KOENI . G, Ci lAc i N o.3: CV00060 vi ton 11 Pl i if antf, M EM O M N D UM O PI O N NI J N M CHU GH ,SECRETARY OF TH E OH A RM Y , By: Hon. e E. Gln Conr ad ChifUnied St t DititJ e t aes src udge D e enda . f nt Ca olJ. ni fl d t sa ton unde Til VI oft Ci lRi sAc of1 r Koe g ie hi c i r te l he vi ght t 964,42 U. C. j20 0 t 2 0 e 1 C%-l VI', se t gcamso r c dic i n t n,eaito , S. j O e o 0 0 - 7 -i e I' a sri li f a e srmiai r tlain lt ) n o and hosiewor en r tl k vionme . Thec ei pr s ntybe or t c ton t de e ntsm o i nt as s e e l f e he our he f nda ' ton t dimi s Fo t r as t tf l t moton wilbe g a e i pa ta de edi pa t o s s . r he e ons ha olow, he i l r nt d n r nd ni n r. Background Thef l ng f c s tken fo t pl ntf' c olowi a t, a r m he ai ifs ompl i , r a c pt d astuef ant a e c e e r or p r s so tepe dn mo in.Se Erc o v. rus 5 U. 8 , 4( 0 7 . u po e f h n ig to e iks n Pad , 51 S. 9 9 2 0 ) The e nt g vi rs t t i t nta ton occ r d i 2007. Att ttm e Koeni w a ve s i ng i e o he ns a c i ur e n ha i , g s e pl yed by t De r m e toft A r y a at c m i a i or a i s ci ls a t N a i l m o he pa t n he m s e l c l nf m ton pe a it t he tona Gr u dl tl g nc Ce tr(ç C' i Ch ro ts il, r ii.Ko ni, oi Ca c sa , o n nel e e n e ç i NGl ' n a lte vle Vigna e g wh s u a in ) ha he dt tposton snc 2002. d l ha ii i e O n Thur da Aug t2,2007,Koe g' A fi a Am e i n c o ke ,Dor e lW ila s s y, us ni s r c nrca ow r r s l li m , w ho w as al em pl so oyed as at m i i or aton s als ,l an unw as cup and s ecl cal nf m i peci i t eR hed poon i n t snk i t e oye kiche Theunwa he c a s he i n he mpl e t n. s d up nd poon r m ane i t snk ove t e i d n he i r he w e ke whi h k a noti ac or nc w ih a plca e esa i he r es diec i sor e nd, c t s w n c da e t p i bl t bls d ul , r tve r g lto s' ( mp . t 1 . Co s q e ty o M o d y, us 6 2 0 , e i , os r e e uain . Co l a ! 2) n e u nl , n n a Aug t , 0 7 Ko n g wh ev d ' o t co te rs i ef ce ni t kic n,i s e of(hec a s n he mmite e ponsbl or la ng he the ûdiposd t up nd poon)by t r wigte o t'(d a ! 1 ) At h t i , e i ddn t no ta tei msb ln e t h o n h m u . L= t 0. t a tme Ko n g i o k w h t h t ' e eo g d o W ila s li m . On Augus 6,2007,W ila ss ntKoe gan e i a ki i Koe g ha t r wn a y he t lim e ni ma l s ng f ni d h o wa r pe s na pr ry.W ila se pha ie t tt c ha al oo prn i t s ndvere a s ne r o l ope t lim m sz d ha he up d ç t i t n he a f s nd ce o i'a dta ih dsn i na vau .(d a ! 1 )I h rrpye i, e i ak dW il ms n t' n h t t a e tme tl le l . t 4. n e e l malKo n g s e li a wh t e t c pwa t es meo ta h dbe nlf i tesn ç s o ls we k. (d. t 1 . eh r he u s h a ne h t a e e tn h ik t t f at e ' l a ! 5) mo ' A fe r c vi K oe g' r y e a l W ila s s ntKoe g anot re a la 7: a m . t r e ei ng ni s epl m i, li m e ni he m i t 30 . on Au u t , 0 7 i whc s esae ta s et q ael)t owi ga ya o h rp ro sp ro a g s 7 2 0 ,n ih h ttd h t h l u t d l n wa n t e es n' e s n l e u p o ryt se l g. l a ! 1 . l r s o s , e i a vie W il mst a s eha ds sd r pet o tai ' d. t 6) n e p n e Ko n g d s d la h t h d ipo e n '( i oft t s d c and s he mwa he up poon on M o y,Augus 6,2007,a trt y ha be n l f i t snk nda t fe he d e e t n he i s nc t pr vi usThur da i e he e o s y. Appr ma ey 45 mi e lt r W ila ss nta e alt t e le o nt oxi t l nut s a e , lim e n m i o he qua mpl yme o po tnt (EEO' o fc ra NGI De r hM ilr t es c rt o fc r Edt Na e ; n p ru iy ( d ' fie t C, bo a l ;h e u iy fie, ih pir a d ) e lga c e l ouns l Ge a d Rem e s n t e i,W ilamscompli d a e , r l i r .l he ma l li ane boutKoe g' a tonsa ni s c i nd saedt ts c i r d s h a tonst c tt et t t t ha he onsde e uc c i o onsiut hef. Shorl t r ahe ,W ila ss n Koe g a he e al whih sae G ty he e r lim e t ni not r m i, c tt d:ç ha t You ve he ner et admi you ta he ac t tme ntt wordt m ea no e n ofe a a ogy. v o t r s d up ha a he l o nd t ve f r n pol Th o g i al tk c mf r i k o n i teBil Go sys n e n ei mi . (d a ! 1 . r u h t ll a e o o tn n wig n h be d a ve g a c s ne' I . t 9) ' A t9: a. .on Augus 7,2007,D ebor M il f 45 m t ah ler orwar t em ai W ilam ssentt ded he l li o M il ra ot r t M a e n Fi a hum a r our esofi e a N GI M il no e t ts le nd he s o ur e nn, n es c tc r t C. ler t d ha he wasf wadi t e lbec us Fi i yge ivol i dicplnaya toni rquied. (d. or r ng he mai a e nn ç ma t n ved f s i i r ci s e r ' I ' a !20. t ) Lae t tda ata oxi ael 4: 3p. .Koe g s nta e i t he die ts r ior tr ha y, ppr m t y 1 m , ni e n ma l o r r c upe v s , Loi Ba ly,a sng Ba lyt ts wa c e ne a uthe pe s s ie dvii ie ha he s onc r d bo r ronals f t a wor i lghtof a ey t k, n i W ila s'r f r nce t ve ea e.Ba l y s e nty i o m e Koe g t tW ila sha li m e e e o ng nc ie ubs que l nf r d ni ha li m d i ve D e a M il r Edih N a e , Ge r R e m er i t m a t r nvol d bor h le , t pi r and r y i s n he te . On A ug t 1 2007, oe g s nta e ai t N a e a Rei er r ques i t i us 6, K ni e n m l o pi r nd m s e tng he r a ssa e.Thee alwasco e t M il r Fim, Ba ly. I t e al a trquotngpo tons s it nc m i pi d o le , r and ie n he m i, fe i ri oft m e s ess r eved fom W ila s Koe g saed a f l : he s ag he ec i r lim , ni t t s olows M s Dor e lW ilamsha t r tnedm y wor s f y a s c liyby . s l li s l eae z k aet nd e trt sai t ts i s e ng ve a e a i tme. ttng ha he s e ki nge nc gans M s Dor e lW ilamsha lbeed mebywrtng t tmy a tonsa ee l . s l li si l ii ha ci r qua t t e ofa t e . o hos hi f M s Dor e lW ilamsha sa er d mebyt li ot rNGI e pl es . s l li s lnd e e lng he C m oye t tm y ac i a e t e o a t e . ha tons r hos f hi f M s Dor e lW ilamsha bl tntydir pe t d meby dipa ag ngm y . s l li s aa l ses c e s r i vol te cofe c une r fe ommiteef t a.whe ldi tbu hers ii ly te fors ) n dn' y pecfcal pr erdt a brndoft ,a b.whe 1ce ne a pr dt al efre ype nd a ea nd ) n la d nd oce l ly r di pos d ofpr ry t ti c ea l UN AU TH ORI s e ope t ha s l ry ZED by N GI C r ul tons eg a i . Thi de i r t t r a t d ve bala e i la tc o m eha c us d m e s lbe ae, mwa r n e r nd motona ta k n s a e g ea a ey whe Ia a NGI whe eIa now f r d t l ri ahosiewor r t nxit n m t C r m o ce o abo n tl k envionme . Thi hosiewo k e r nm e hasbe n c eaedby M s Dor el r nt s tl r nvio nt e r t . sl W iln s s a r lbe a t ea s a i tm e. Pr s nty Ia s ups tt tIn li m ' l nde , i l nd hr t ga ns e e l m o e ha m u a l t p ro u myj bd t st t eb s o mya ite .Thesr s t ts eh s n be o e fn o ui o h et f bl is e i te s ha h a c ea ed ha ca e m e s ee de i ton,g i vouse o i r t s us d l p prva i r e m tonaldi tes a s r s nd itsi l io d r wh c aeaf cigmyg n rl e l j s a I m a o t ob n etna d s r es ih r fe tn e ea h at u t s a b u t e h s he e f r s i e s ge y. c dul d o erous ye ur r la k f ryoura ssa i hepi NGI mee isFe r ma s o s it nce n l ng C t t de al nage i oblga i ral i tons t pr dea 1e o swih as e sr s -r e, lhy wor en r o ovi l mplyee t af , te sfe heat k vionme . nt Ia kt tNGI s pe M s Do s lW ila f rc e tngt sr c al s ha C us nd . r el li ms o r ai hi a i ly unde tne hosiewo k e r nm e a N GI ro d tl r nvio nt t C. (d a !2 . 1 . t 3) On Aug t20,2007,Rem e ss ntar pl e lt Koe g, c wa c edt N a e , us i r e e y mai o ni whih s opi o pir Ba ly,Fi a M il r ie nn, nd le .Thee alsaedasf l ws m i tt olo : M s Koe g, . ni youre lbel i c t st ti i yourde iet m e ti vi ly mai ow ndia e ha t s sr o e ndi dual t dic spunihme ofM s W ila s W he he t ei vi swih t m e t o s us s nt . lim . t r hes ndi dual s o e wihyoui vi lyorc lci l i t i c l ma (i a notyour.I yo t ndi dual ole tvey s her al ke scj nd s f u don' wa t me twih t m i t y c t nt o e t he f he hoos t lters be i,Addii ly, a e he a t o t tonal l m a s ng t m a gove n en e pl yee t tt t c ofa he pe s n' dvi i he s r m t m o s ha he opi not r r o s dic plnewih y woul bee iey i o ra wilnotbe dic s wih si i t ou d ntr l mpr pe nd l s us ed t m u. Suc a t c m a t ri w ihi t pur i oft ot rpe s s s nrs r h opi / te s t n he v ew he he r on' upe i o y c n ofwhi y a enotapa t Youra lgai ofsa rlbe i bas l s . hai ch ou r r. le ton lnde/i l s e e s Ta ng a he pe s spr pe t wiho t i pe m ison a pe ma n l ki not r r on' o ry t ut he r r s i nd r ne ty de i ngt m ofi i by dei ton lr n seai t f,ec .... t ve yo prvi he ts fnii a ce y, t lng, he t t wha e r u c li,i i wha i i , hef c t tyou do tlke i doe n' c al t t s t t s t a t ha n' i t s t hang t ngs e hi . Addii naly,quotng fom s rpt ewih a f usont wor t nge nce' s to l i r c i ur t oc he d t ve a 'i ha dl s t ng a t r pa t woul r a o bl c tuea aphysc lt z a t r y ome hi ny hid ry d e s na y onsr s ia h e t o y pe s You don' ha aca e Yourc i ofco ma wila es your our r on. t ve s . ha n m nd l ddr s i pr pe t ki ofano he pe s n' pr ry i pe nty. As f your m o r a ng t r r o s ope t nde nde l or a lga i ,Iwila s he chan ofc le tons l dvie r i omm a t t1s ea ol ey no c s f nd ha e bs ut l a e or mico uc bas d on wha yo vepr s nt d.W ha ldo s ei attf -a s nd t e t u' ee e t e s i-ort t pr e i a tmpton yourpa tt ty a dis dey c i fom a tng upon e mptve te r o r nd sua our han r c i y own midee lca a s eyout s t t1wilc our s d. n s ur hi, ha l omplt l t r hl a eey,ho oug y, nd s c s f l de e a s h fi ousaci n you ma brng a i tt uc e s uly f nd ny uc rvol to y i gans he gover ent nm . (d. t ( 4. 1 a !2 ) Koe g a l ge t tRe m e sco i d t be i vol d i t di c plna y pr e s w hi h ni le s ha i r ntnue o n ve n he s i i r oc s , c uli a e y r s t i K oe g be ng i s d a t a ni l te ' fom herdie ts r s r o tm t l e uled n ni i s ue s r ng e t r' r w r c upe vi o n g i ha li d e ve ni e t Augus 27,2007.(d. !26. K oeni em phaszest tW ilam sdi notr cei aw ar ngl ter t I at ) ora ot rf m ofdi c plne. ny he or si i 4 Thelteris t Ko ni whi h wass bm itd a a e bi t t de e n ' m oto e t s ued o e g, c u te s n xhi t o he f nda ts i n t dimi s pr ded a f l ' o s s , ovi s olows . TO : M s Ca olK oe g . r ni SU BJ ECT: Le t r o co m s lng te f t e i 1 . Thi m it ncouns i i i e s te elng s ntndedt e e smy co e n a o xpr s nc r boutyour r c ntbe vi ron ora ee ha o boutAugus 6,20 whe y co- ke M s Dor el t 07 n our wor r . s l W ila slf a c a s n bel ngt he i t c lim e t up nd poo ongi o r n he ommon ofi snk a e fce i r a a dtrng y cla up yo dipos d oft m wihou r ga d t he wihesor nd li our e n u s e he t te r o r s he pe s lpr ry.Thi una ce a ebe vi t wa dsM s W ila swa r r ona ope t s c ptbl ha or o r . lim s dic re a wilno bet e aed.Ie c you t te ta1ofyourc s ou tous nd l t ol r t xpe t o ra l owor r wih r pe t snc wor ngr ltons psa e c ii a t mi son ne . ke s t es c , i e ki ea i hi r rtc l o s i eds 2. You a e a s d t tt swrte c r dvie ha hi itn ouns lngwilnotbe ma a mat r ei l de te ofr c d i yourOfi ilPe s lFie. l, e or n fca r onne l f howe r yo m ic ve , ur s onduc t pe sssa rr cevi t swrte com s lng, wilco i rtki f r l r it he e i ng hi it n t ei I l nsde a ng o ma di c plna y a ton a i tyou. De s i i r c i ga ns pendi o t pa tc a cic s a es ng n he ri ul r r um t nc , s hac i c d i l t f lr ngeofa lbl pe li i l ng yo uc ton oul ncude he ul a vaia e nates ncudi ur r movalfo Fe r Se vce.I you ha a que tonsc e ni a e r m de al r i f ve ny si onc r ng ny i or ton i t slte ,pl s c t c m ef ca ii ton, nf ma i n hi e tr ea e on a t or lrfcai ( tt Dimis Ex. )Ko n galg sta telte ûu j ce g e)t mo esro s Mo .o s s, A. e i l e h t h etrd b e td h r o r e iu e s ds i iet a s ewo l oh r s b s b e t oi tef tr i tee n te eweef tr icpl h n h u d t ewie e u j c t n h ' u e n h ve th r r u ue n u c ag so mic n u t' ( mpla !2 . h r e f s o d c . Co . t 9) ' Afe beng dic plnedby he e o r Koe g tmey ptr ue a e use he tr i si i r mplye , ni i l zs d nd xha t d r a miitaierme iswi t UntdSttsEq a Op o tni Co sin (EE0C'.On d n srtv e de t he ie ae u l p ru t mmiso t h y ( ' ) Au u t2 , 01 , e i la n dta he EEOC c s wa d s se wi p eu ie g s 9 2 1 Ko ng e r e h t r a e s imisd t rj dc . h Koe g fld t i tnta ton on Se e r20,2011 ni ie he nsa c i pt mbe .Thedefnda thasmovedt e n o d s s Ko ni' camsp ru n t Rue1 ( )6 ofh F d r l lso Ci l o e u e Th imis e g s li u s a t o l 2 b ( ) te e e a Rue f viPr c d r . e cour hel a hear ng on t def t d i he endant' m oton on M ar 1,201 The m oton i rpe f r ew . s i ch 2. i s i or evi St ndar o R e e a d f vi w S 'ep r o eo aRu e1 ( ( )mo ini t ts t s fce yo ac mpan , l h u p s f l 2b)6 to s o e the ufiinc f o lit' l ' Ed r v. t o Gods o o 1 8F.d2 , 43( t Ci.1 9 ) wads Ciy f l b r , 7 3 31 2 4h r 9 9 .Whe rve n acam n e iwi g li t rt sr e, hec tmus a ce a loft a lga i i t c mde hi ul t our t c pt l he le tons n he ompli a tu anddr w a1 ant s r e a l r as e onabl i e e esi f vo oft pli if . I a 24 $ s r i amoton t dim is a e nfr nc n a r he a ntfs d. t 4. 1 u v ve To i o s s, co pl ntm us c ai s fc e f c ualm a t r a ce e ast u t t t t a c a m t r le t ti m ai t ont n uf i i nt a t te , c pt d r e, o s a e l i o e i f ha s p a sbeo isfc .' As c o t l b l 5 6U. 6 2 1 9S. .1 3 ,1 49( 0 9 (u tn lu il n t a e'' h r f v.q a, 5 S. 6 , 2 Ct 9 7 9 2 0 ) q o ig Bel l Co p v. mby 5 0U. 5 4, 7 ( 0 7 ç ohe wo d ,h fcu l le ain l At. r . Two l, 5 S. 4 5 0 2 0 :.dn t r r s te a ta alg to s l (a e a tu )mu tçe mitec u toi frmo eta t emeep s iii o mic n u t' A. tk n s r e s p r th o r t n e r h n h r o sblt f so d c .' y ' Soc' W ihouta N a e. orPe e w iho a Hom e M il nni Fu tr - e entv.V igi a 655 y t m f opl t ut , le um tle pr s r ni , F.d3 2 3 6( t Ci. 01 )( u tn l b l 1 9S Ct a 1 5 ) 3 4 , 4 4h r 2 1 q o ig q a, 2 . . t 9 0 . W hi e tisce i e c mu t e eal n t ec nsd r da teRue1 ( )6 sa e ( l xrn i v d n e s g n r l o b o iee th l 2 b ( ) tg ,( e y a c tma co i rofki publcr c ds d um e sc ntalt pl i ifscli ,a doc e t our y nsde f al i e or , oc nt e r o antf am nd um n s s fcintyr e r d t i t c pli s l ast a he i iyoft s docl nt i not ufi e l ef re o n he om ant o ong he ut ntct he e lme s s diputd.'W it nv. d.ns Co.1 F. x395,396( h Ci.2006)( tngAlenai s e ' thoh Fe l . , 64 App' 4t r cii tr tve Eneg I c v. tPa l r & Mai eI s Co.2 7F.d3 , 3( s Ci. 0 ).l t i c s ,h ry.n . S . u Fie rn n . , 6 3 0 3 1t r 2 01) n hs a e te de e nts f nda ubmit ac oft pl ntf lte ofc ted opy he ai ifs e tr ouns lng wih hi m o i t dim is ei t s ton o s s . Be us Koe g s c fc l r f r t t lteri he c ca e ni pe ii aly e e s o he et n r ompl ita doesnotdiput t an nd s e he e bi' a he i iy, he c t a pr ry co i rt l te w ihoutc xhi t s ut ntc t t our m y ope l ns de he e t r t onve t t m oton t r i he ng i o d s s t o f rsl r u g n .Ja imis o ne o l mmayj d me t #. D i si scus on R ace D i m i i scri nat on I Coun One ofhe c pl i , oe g as e t a c a m ofr c di c i i ton unde Til n t r om a nt K ni s rs l i a e s rm na i r te V l . Ba e on he aleg i ,i a a st tt s c a m i be tc r c e i e asone f l sd r l atons t ppe r ha hi l i s s ha a t r z d or 6 dic i naor dicplne.Koe g a lge t ts r ceve a wa ni lte de c i nghe s rmi t y s i i ni le s ha he e i d r ng e tr s rbi r dipos loft unwa he c a s on asC nac e abl'a ç s oureous'whe e ( s s a he s d up nd po t c pt e' nd s c t ,' r as $ . u di M W ila sr c i d no wa ni lte ora dici i a ar s tofc lim e eve r ng et r ny s plne s e ul onduc ore maisr l td t t - l e ae o ( ni a t c fec ands ' ( Koe g) nd he ofe up poon.' Compla !2830, .t - ) Ti eV1 p o iisa e ly rfo ç ic i n tig a an ta yidv d l t r s e t t I r hbt n mp o e r m i s rmia l ) g is n n iiua wi e p c l d n h t g rc o hel ompe ain,e ms c tons orprvie ofe o t be aus ofs h ns to tr , ondii , i lges mplymen, c e uc i iiu lsr c . . ' 4 U. . j20 0 - a () Toe tb ih aprmafcec s o ndv d a ' a e . .' 2. SC. 0 e2()1. sa ls i ai ae f d srmi ao yd siln t e Til V1,h p an if s s o ( )ta s ei p r o aca s ic i n tr icp ie md r te 1t e litf mu t h w: 1 h t h s a t f ls p oe tdb Til Vl;2 t a h rp o iie c n u t sc mp r bysro st mic n u tb r tce y te l () h t e r hbtd o d c wa o a a l e iu o so d c y a e ly eo tiet ep oe tdca s a d()t th d s il a yme s e tk na an t e n mp o e usd h r tce ls ; n 3 ha te icpi r aurs a e g is h r n we em uc mor ha s t n t ee or e a i tt ot e oye Se Coo v.CSX r h e rh ha hos nf c d gans he her mpl e. e k Trn p. r , 8 F.d5 7 51 (t Ci. 9 3 . a s Co p.9 8 2 0 , 1 4h r 1 9 ) I m ovi t di m i s K oe g' c a m o di c i i t y di c plne,t def ntfr t n ng o s s ni s l i f s r m na or s i i he enda i s a g st tt c am f isbe us t c r ue ha he l i al ca e he ompli d noti ntf a a r ee oyme ant oes de iy ny dve s mpl nt a i n t ke a i tKoe g.The de e ntmai a nst tt lte ofc cto a n gans ni f nda nti ha he e tr ouns lng is d t ei s ue o Koe g doesnotrs t t lvelofa a r ee o ni ie o he e n dve s mplymen a ton f pu pos ofTil V1. t ci or r es te I l i note iey cea fom t e si c s 1 whehe acli ofdic i i t r ts ntr l l r r he xitng a e aw t r am s rm na o y dic plne r quiest lvelofa r ea ton or na iy r quiedt purue ac am unde Til s i i e r he e dve s c i di rl e r o s li r te V I . Com pa e Prnce G a rs v. M d. e tofHe t & M e a Hygi ne 31 F. pp' 351 l1 r i - r i on D p' a1h nt l e , 7 A x , 1A n adve seempl r oymenta i ha been defned as;a di ri i or a whi adve s y cton s i i sc m nat y ct ch r el afect t t m s condii orbeneft oft pl ntf ' empl f s he er , tons is he ai ifs oyment' J .' amesv.Booz- len & A l Ha lo l .368F.d37l 37 ( t Ci. 04 . mi nenc, t 3 , 5 4 h r 20 ) 35 (t Ci. 0 9 (Wn alg to of ici n tr ds iln h we e, o sn t e e srl 4 4 h r 2 0 ) ç le ain d srmiaoy icp ie o v r d c o n c sa i y r q iep o fo a a v ree ly n a to . , t Jme v Bo z Ale & Ha lo .n . e ur r o f n d e s mpo me t cin' wih a s . o - ln ) mi n Ic, t 3 F. 37l 375( hCi. 04)(t ga dls oft r eapl ntf f l i pr ngaTil 68 3d , 4t r 20 C r e s he out ai if olows n ovi Re te Vl a ton,t exit eofs mead ree oy nta toni rquie ';s ealoLl v. 1 ci he senc o ve s mpl me ci s e r d.l e s oyd ' Ne Ha w nove Re lM e Ct N 0. 06- - 3 D , r g' d. n, 7; CV 1 0- 2009 U . D i t LEXI 26 S. s . S 429, * at 31 32 ( D. C. a . , 0 9 ( e lnn t a d e st ed fn a tsa g me tt ttec u t t E. N, M r 31 2 0 ) d ciig o d r s h ee d n ' r u n ha h o r mus frtdeer newhehe t dicplnea is co tt e a ad ree o n a ton) is t mi t r he s i i t sue nsiutd n ves mplyme t ci . None he e s e i a a r eempl t l s , ven f n dve s oyme aci i r uiedt pr vai on acli of nt ton s eq r o e l am ds rmiaoyd si ie t ec u tst bl t c n ld ta Ko ni' cam i s b e t o ici n tr icpl ,h o r i ma e o o cu e h t e g s li s u j c t n dim is on t sbass s s al hi i . l t sc s ,Koe g wa is d alte o co e i by t de e nt W hiet n hi a e ni s s ue e tr f uns lng he f nda . l he def nda ha ct s ve a c e i whi co t ha hed t tam it n r prm a di not e nt s ied e r l as s n ch urs ve l ha te e i nd d co tt ea ad re e oymen a ton,a1oft c e hi i ht d byt de e nsiut n ve s mpl t c i 1 he as s ghlg e he f ndan we e t r d cd do s mmayj d me t f l wigfrh rd v lp n o ter c r M oe ve, s e ie n u r u g n , ol n u te e eo me t f h e o d. r o r a o K oe g e phasze i he brefi op ii c t ha he d t ta wrten w a ni o l te of ni m i s n r i n poston, ours ve l ha it r ng r e t r co ei m a rs t t lvelofan a re e o nta ton çfi a f c st lkei uns lng y ie o he e dve s mpl yme c i û t fe t he i lhoodt t i ha t pl ntf wilbet r naed, e mi st pl i ipsc r ntposton, afecst he ai if l e mi t und r ne he antf ure ii or f t he pl i ifs f t e e pl e o runii s ' M e nav. nco e Suppor Di ,41 F. 11 , a ntf u ur m oym nt ppo t te . ' di l m t v. 3 3d 31 1 3 ( 0h Ci. 0 5 ; e as Ro e t v. a wa Exp e s 1 9F.d 1 8 1 0 ( 0h Ci. 1 7 1 t r 2 0 ) s e lo b rs Ro d y r s, 4 3 09 , 1 4 1 t r 1 ( dngt tt pli ifsm itnwani c tt e a reempl nta tons 998) holi ha he antf te r ngs onsiutd dve s oyme ci , wheetherco di caeg t tt mor wani a empl erceved,hemor lkeyheor r t e r ndi t dl ha he e r ngs n t oye e i t ei l s ewa t b tr n tdfrafrh rifa to ' Ne nv. a t o . n ,1 7F. u p. d h s o e emi ae o u te n rcin); wma Gin Fo d I c, 8 S p 2 5 4, 28( M d 20 2 (o dn ta t epaniffie t e tbihta ac u eiglte 2 5 D. . 0 ) h l ig h t h li t ald o sa l h t o nsln etr f s consiu e a a r ee o e a ton,snc hehadno pr s nt d a e de et tt tt t d n dve s mplym nt c i i e t e e e ny vi nc ha he r prm a wasEc e ag ns hi , o t ti ç en i l ld t t r nai n,d e i nd dountd ai t m ' r ha t ç ' pot taly e o e mi to emoton,a i dece ei pa orsmia a rea ton' Gi nKo ni sase to t tt l t of ras n y i lr dve s ci ). ve e g' s rin ha he eter c u eigs be tdh rt mo es ro sds iln ta s ewo dh v ohewiefc di t e o ns l u j ce e o r eiu icp ie h n h ul a e t r s a e f h n lte ha notbe n is d,t c ur i una et c l a t ssa oft ltga i t t et r d e s ue he o t s bl o oncude, t hi t ge he ii ton, ha K oe g di nots f ra a ni d uf e n dver e em pl e ac i n. s oym nt to A le na i l t de e nts e di m i s lofK oe g' c ai ofdi c i i t y t r tve y, he f nda e ks s s a ni s l m s r m na or dici i on t ba i t tKoe ga W ila C ngag d i dif r ntcond t' a t a enot s plne he ss ha ni nd li ms i e e n fe e uc y nd hus r ' p o e c mp rt r.( pl Br a 6)Asstf rha o e tes c n ee n o t ep i fce r p r o aao s Re y , t . e o t b v ,h e o d lme t f h rma a i c er quiest pl ntf t s as e r he ai if o how t therpr hi t co uc wa co pa a y s ro t ha o bied nd t s m r bl e i us o m ic s onduc by a e oye o sdet pr ece cls .Cook,988 F. a 511 l e l tng t n mpl e uti he ot td a s 2d t . n vaua i t i ee n , c u t h udç se s)t eg a i o teo fn e o arltv s ae' Mo r v. hs lme t a o r s o l t s sl h rvt f h fe s s n eaie c l. o e a y ' Ciyo Chalte 7 4F.d 1 0 1 0 ( t Ci. 98 ) Ex c smiaiyb t e tec mp r d t f rot, 5 2 1 0, 0 7 4h r 1 5. a t i lrt ewe n h o ae o fns si n t e urd.I .s eas Co k 9 8F.da 5 1(tf h c mpaio wil e e fe e s o r q ie d; e lo o , 8 2 t 1 ç-l e o rs n ln v r g i vepr ciey t s m es tofwo k-elt dofe e oc uri ove t s pe i a unde nvol e s l he a e r r a e fns s c rng r he ame rod nd r t s mest ofcic tnc .). he a es rumsa es' Appl ng t e prnc pl s t c ti c ta ned t c l e t tt pl ntf yi hes i i e , he our s ons r i o onc ud ha he ai i rs dic i i t ydicplnec am i s fcin t wihsandt de e ntsm o i n t dimis The s rm na or s i i l i s ufi e t o t t he f nda ' to o s s . a tons ofbo h t l i li or a i n s c a i t or g na e f om t un as d cu a s ci t ec m ca nf m to pe i ls s i i t d r he w he p nd poon de ie i t e pl yee kic n s nk;W ila s l f t t was ie si t s nk f s ve al pos t d n he m o t he i li m e t he m hed t m n he i or e r da ,whi h uli t l 1 t t i dipos lb Koe g. Acc di t t compl nt Koe g ys c tma ey ed o he r s a y ni or ng o he ai , ni a e û n a or nc w ih a i a e r gu a i ns' diposng oft ie s whe e s W ila s ct d t cc da e t pplc bl e l to ' by s i i he t m , r a li m ' çc çonduc i lavi he dit c a s t n e ng r ry up nd poon i t e pl ekic n snk wa no i a or nc n he m oye t he i s t n cc da e wiha p ia l e tb ih dr ls dr cie o rg lto s' Co la ! 111 ) Ko ngwa t p lc b e sa ls e ue , ie tv s r e uain . mp . t ! -2. e i s '( ul maeyctdf rb i C ic u to s'oac wo k r( tt Dimis Ex.1, n s e t tl ie o eng t s o re u 't o r e Mo .o s s , ) a d h i d m ant i t tW ila se ag i smia mic i ans ha lim ng ed n i l r s onduc by s ndi dic t use al , of t e ng s oureo m is one whc ag bytrae e ç e g a c '( mp . t 1 ) Alh u ht ee o e sddn t ih rua l h e tn d t n e n e'Co la ! 9 . t o g h mply e i o v e gei pr iey t s m eunde l ng c nga n ecs l he a ryi onduc , hec ti t bl t c ude a t ssa o t t our s ma e o oncl , t hi t ge f t ltg ton, ha t e o s a tonswe eno ofc he ii a i t t he mpl yee ' c i r t ompa a egr viy.Fort s r as ,t r bl a t he e e ons he de e ntsmoton wilbede edwih r s tt CountOne. f nda ' i l ni t e pec o Il. R et i i alaton l CountTwo ofhe co pl i ,Koe g a s r sa c a m ofr t la i unde Til V l . I n r m a nt ni s e t l i e a i ton r te l n a tont pr bii dic i i ton ont bassofapr t c e tai,Til V1 ma i unlwf ddii o ohi tng s rm na i he i o e t d r t te 1 kes t a ul f a empl rt r a it a i ta e oye f e gi i aci t pr t c e byt sa ut or n oye o etla e gans n mpl e or nga ng n tviy o e t d he tt e. Se 4 U. C. 2 0 e 3 a .Toma eo tap i fcec s o rtl t n aplitf mus s o e 2 S. j 0 0 - () k u rma a i a e f eai i , an if t h w: ao ( )t t h e g g di ap oe tda t t ; 2 t a t ed fn a t o kamaeil a v rea to 1 ha s e n a e n r tce ci y ( ) h t h ee d n t o vi tral d e s cin y a an th r a d( ) h tac uslc n e to e itdb t e t ep oe tda t t a dt g is e ; n 3 t a a a o n cin xse ewe n h r tce ci y n he vi maeily a ves a ton.EEOC v. vyFe CrdiUni 424F. 3 405406( hCi. tral d re ci Na d. e t on, 3d 97, - 4t r 20) 0 5. I t sca e, ni a s rst ts e ge i pr ece a tviywhe s s ntt n hi s Koe g s e t ha he nga d n ot t d c i t n he e he A ugus 1 2007 e a l i w hi h s c pl i d a utW ila s c t 6, m i, n c he om a ne bo li m ' onduc a aleg t the t nd l ed ha r c ke ha ceaedada al t rone hosiewor e r owor r d r t t cily mde t d tl k nvionmen.'( r t' Compl a !23. .t ) 1 0 Rahert n c le ng whe he t e i quaii sa pr e t a tviy, t de e nta gues t ha hal ngi t r ht ma l lfe s ot ced ci t z he f nda r t tt r t la i c a m f isbe us K oe g t l esno s e ha he e a i ton l i a l ca e ni t eg al ubs quen m a e i ly a r e t t r a l dve s e o me t cin. ( .nS p o M o.oDimisa 1 ) Fo t f l wigra o s t e mply n a to ' Br i u p. f t t s s t 1. r he ol n e s n ,h ' o c ti una e t a e our s bl o gr e. The sa d f de tndar Or monsr tng am aera l ad r eaci n i s e tç e ssrnge ' ta i t ily ve s to s om wha ç s ti nt' l f ra r t iton cli t n i i f as bsa tve dic i na i c am .Robi on v.Gr e o eala i a m ha t s or u t n i s rmi ton l i ns e nwood Co ny No. :0 0 9 , 1U. DitLEXI 1 0 , t* 8( S. No . 2 2 1.Fo u t, 8 1 - 21 2 201 S. s. S 45 31 a 1 D. C. v 2 , 01 ) r pu pos oft a ir t la i pr son ofTil V1,a a r ea i ne nota f cta r es he nt-e a iton ovii te l n dve s cton ed fe n e o sçe m so condii nsofe o mplyee' û r r t to mpl ymen . Buri t' lnson N.& Sa aFeRy. W hie 548 ' nt v. t , U.. 3 7 ( 0 6 .l ta ,t p an if s s o t a ar a o bee ly ewo l h vef u d S 5 , 0 2 0 ) nse d t litf mu t h w h t e s na l mpo e ud a o n a t c l d a ton ma e i ly a r e whih i t sc t xtm e nsi wel m i tha he halenge c i t ral dve s , c n hi on e a t l gh ve dis d ar as bl wo kerfo ma ngors ppo tng ac r ofdic i na i ' I a 67. s uade e ona e r r m ki u ri ha ge s rmi ton. d. t ' Appl ngt ssa r t co tc l yi hi t nda d, he ur oncudest tt pl i ifsaleg tonsa e s fc e t ha he antf l ai r ufii nt o w ihs a t de e nt sm oton t di m i s W ihouta tona i or a i r ga di t t t nd he f nda ' i o s s. t ddii l nf m ton e r ng he efe t oft lte o co elng,t c ti una et fnd t tisis ncewo d no ha f c s he e tr f uns i he our s bl o i ha t s ua ul t ve dis d ar as bl e oye fom purui a c r ofdic i i to SeeM il v. s uade e ona e mpl e r s ng ha ge s rm nai n. lea M er - rhR. , 5 F.d 1 4 1 5( dCi. 0l )( odngt t u yc ul c n l eta a toNo t R.6 8 3 5 , 6 2 r 2 1 h li ha aj r o d o cud h t f m a l te ofr prm a w o d de e a r s bl e pl ee f o e r i i hi s a ut y or l e t r e i nd ul t r ea ona e m oy r m xe c s ng s t t or 2I t nalcom pl nt aboutaleged dicrm i i c tt e dpr ec ed ac i t ,'when a ai s l s i naton onsiut t ot t tviy ' n er n em pl oyee oppos an Sact unlwf empl es t ual a ul oymentpr i 'orS em pl actce' l an oymentpr tcet t ac i hat he e o e ra o bl beiv si unlwf . J r a v. tr ai Res Cop.458F. 33 33 ( hCi. mply e e s na y le e s a ul' o d n Ale n tve . r , ' 3d 2, 8 4t r 20 .Thu , v n i thea tviisgh plitflc mplie ofdon a un t a t a dici n ton 06) s e e f t c i te t e an it o an d t ot mo t o c u l s rmia i orha a s ntp o bie b Til V1,i i e ug f rar tlai cam t t(heplitflr a on bl rs me r hi t d y te l t s no h o eaiton li ha t an it e s a y beleve s wasengagi i pr ec e ac i t by compl ni aboutt ' Prnc Garion v.M d. i d he ng n ot t d tviy ai ng hem.' i e- rs De tofHe Ih& M e a HvMine 31 F. p' 3 ,3 (t Ci. 00 ) p' at ntl e , 7 Ap x 51 55 4 h r 2 9 . rg s e n t ug t lte di no die ty o i iht , ve ho h he e tr d t r c l r mmedit yr ul i a l sofwag or ael es t n ny os es be ft, rman i t e oyme fl pema nty) Cal lv. a on, 1: neis or e i n he mpl nt ie r ne l ; dwel J cks No. 03CV707, 20 9U. Dit LEXI 7 91 , t* 0( . N. Au 1 , 0 9 (oligta an tc o 0 S. s. S 0 8 a 3 M D. C. g. 1 2 0 ) h dn h t o ie f w a ni i s b t pl n i fse pl ye w a t ufi i nty m a e i ly a ve s t consiut r ng s ued y he ai t f m o r s ' fc e l t ra l d r e o s tt e a tona er t i i ' e n t c i bl ealatons' ve hough t e oye lt rr s i d t wn ni a i wasne r he mpl r a e e cnde he r ng nd t ve plc di teplitf sp ro e f le) a e n h an if es nn l od r. M or ove , ni al ge t t i r pons t he Aug t1 2007 e ali whih s e r Koe g le s ha ,n es e o r us 6, m i n c he r ie c a s d once nsabou a hos ie w o k en r e , oe g r c ve a r pons f om he r t tl r vionm nt K ni e ei d es er r Co ma sl lco el i whih hee t d Ko ni sdipos oft unwas d c a m nd' ega uns , n c qua e e g' s al he he up nd s o nt Sac n se l ,o )t f 'o i e t a he alg to weeç a ee s'a d p o o d re y, tai (r hef; p n d h t r le ains r t s ls' n l ng b ; e pha i d t thewo d t m plt l t oug y, nd s c s uly de e an s h fi ous m sze ha ul s co e ey, hor hl a uc es f l f nd y uc rvol a to (h lma b iga an tteg v r me t'Co la !2 ) Asu n t t t o cin s e y rn g i s h o e n n '( mp . t 4. s mig he nz f h K oe g' aleg tons t cou ti a s una e t c l a t ss a o t lt g ton, ha t ni s l a i , he r s l o bl o onc ude, t hi t ge f he ii a i t t he e ai fom lga c elwoul no ha dis de ar as bl pe s fo purui a c r m l r e l ouns d t ve s ua d e ona e ron r m s ng ha ge ofdicrmi ton.Fort e r a o ,he d e ntsmoto wila s bedenid wih r pec t s i nai hes e s ns t ef nda ' i n l lo e t es t o CountTw o. 111. H os ie W ork Envi tl ronm ent K oe g' fnalc a m i o f rhos ie w o k e r e unde Til VI . çf sa e a ni s i l i s ne o tl r nvionm nt r te 1 d ' t t 'o h tl wo ke vr n n cam, tep anit mu talg t a: 1 s ee pein e u wec me osi r n io me t li gh litf s l e h t () h x re c d n lo e l e h r sme t ( )t h rsme t sb s do he ga e ; 3 t h rsme t ss fce ty aa s n ; 2 he aa s n wa a e n r r c l () he aa s n wa uf in l s ve e o pe va i t alert co ii ofe pl ym e a c e t a a i a m os r a e r r r s ve o t he nd tons m o nt nd r a e n bus ve t phe e; nd 12 ( ) h r i s meba i fri o igl bit o t ee ly r' Ba sv. IDu n d Ne t s 4 t ee s o ss o mp sn i l y n h mpo e . s E. po t e mo l a i ' . r & Co.32 F. 761 765( hCi. ) , 4 3d , 4t r2003 . Ha ng c r f l r viwe t c m pl nta t a g e t c ai d i Koe g' bref vi a e uly e e d he o ai nd he r um n s ont ne n ni s i i o p sto t tei sa t t n,h c u t sc n tan dt c n ldet a t i cam i s be t n p o i n o h n tn moi te o r i o srie o o cu h t h s li s u jc i o t dimis l I he bre i opposto Koe gct sni f c swhih s m ant i a e s fcint o s sa. n r if n ii n, ni ie ne a t c he i ans r ufi e t s a e a vi bl hos ie w or e r e cl m . Onl t ee oft e f c s how e r r a e,e n o tt a e tl k nvionm nt ai y hr hos a t , ve , el t ve a g by t rc : 1 t fc t a Ko ngi Ca c sa a dW il msi Afia - rc n ( )te r ua l,o a e ( ) he a t h t e i s u a in n la s rc n Ameia ; 2 h i f c ta W ila dn ov dt eEEO o fc r' yc p igt eo fc ro a e i; n ( )tef c a th t lims i v le h i fie 'b o yn h fie n n mal a d 3 h a t t tW ila sr eved no dicplne e n t ug W ila t e u r ea def ma or ha lim ec i s i i , ve ho h li ms t mad nt u nd a t y c r e a ans ( e g a dh di fc b e d so re ustwadh r' ( .n Op na 1 . hag s g i t Ko niq n a n a t e n ic u to o r e . Br i p' t 0) ' W hiet f ct ct d b Koe gm a be s fcintt sa eacli f rdic i naor dicplne, l he a s ie y ni y ufi e o tt am o s rmi t y s i i t c t r swih t def nda t tt f t dono de c i t tpeofs ve eorpe v i he our ag ee t he e nt ha he ac s t s rbe he y e r r asve r ce ba e ha as me ne es a y t sae ahosiewor e r a - s d r s nt c s r o t t tl k nvionme cai .Se Bas ,32 F. nt l m e s 4 3d a 765(ç s 'compl nti f lofp o e s e re dwihhe c kesa s r s r . t t s Ba ai s ul r blms he xpeince t r owor r nd upe vio s Thes f c s howe r do nots e t ha a hi t dowih g nde ,r c o age e a t, ve , e m o ve nyt ng o t e r a e, r ha a s t' .Ac or ngl t dee ntsmotonwilbegrnt wihrs c t CountThr r smen.' c di y,he fnda ' i l ) a ed t e pe t o ee. C oncl i us on Fo t r as sa e t de e ntsm o i t dimiswilbe g a t i pa t nd r he e ons t t d, he f nda ' ton o s s l r n ed n r a de e i pa t TheCl r i die t d t s nd c rii d co e o t sm e a ni d n r. e k s r c e o e e tfe pis f hi mor ndum opi ona ni nd t ac ompa yi or rt a 1c he c n ng de o l ouns lofr c d. e e or s rR:hs,3Z a oMac,02 X' Ti 7 y f rh21. E Chi fU nie St t D it i tJ e t d a es s r c udge 13
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