Keitz v. Unnamed Sponsors of Cocaine Research Study et al, No. 3:2011cv00054 - Document 19 (W.D. Va. 2011)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 12/16/2011. (mab)
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r wnrs OFFI U. Dl Cotr a CE s. sm ) ATROANOKE, A V Ft LED DE2 15 2 1 21 I TH E UN I N TED STATES D I I COU RT STR CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A CHARLOTTESVI LLE DI SI VI ON ul c Du5 - a.- ' z cu aK u j. . , . ' . - wk -.. . k MI CHA EL J ES K EI AM TZ, Pl i if antf, Ci lAc i No.3: 1 cv- 4 vi ton 1 - 0005 M EM O R AND U M O PI I N N O UN NA M ED SPON SO RS O F C OCA I E N RESEAR CH STU DY ,e a . t l, By: Hon. en E. Gl Conr d a ChifUnied St t sDititJ e t a e src udge De e nt. f nda s T panifM iha lJ me Ket ( izo panit, r c e i p oK ,ie t i he litf, c e a s i Ket r litf) p o e dng r fld hs z a nd c anto Nove r1 2011 brngngt cli t e 42U. C.j1 a one me ed ompli n mbe 4, , i i ' ams md r wo S. 983 nd sae1 w t hnialbat r c am .Thede e ntha fl t orgna pr > co pl nton t t a ec c te y l i f nda d ied he i i l o ç m ai . . 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Ac or ngt t ame d co pli ,t pl i ifr s c di o he nde m a nt he antf e ponde i t sz e of2009 t d n he lmm r o r i a rie nt a a i dt pa tcpaei am e ca sudy a t Uni r iy ofVigi a' ad o dve ts me s nd pple o rii t n di l t t he ve st r ni s Ce trf rAd ito Re e rh a dEd c to ( n e o d ci n s ac n u ain UVA Cae .( c e No 1 a 1 . Afe r ) Do k t . 7 t -2) tr e tn iep y ia tsspefr db a u n me maen re( n me Nt s 1 , x e sv h sc l et rome y n n a d l u s Un a d l e ) UVA Cae r r a e e t pli ifsa i a i a i tuced hi t thewoul sa f ni da i UVA cc pt d he antf pplc ton nd nsr t m ha d t y or ne ys n Ca e be nni on Se e r7, 09 durngt a nitainoft sudy.(d.a 2. Aspa t r , gi ng ptmbe 20 , i he dmi sr to he t l t ) r oft sud t pl i ifwoul o aly i es t dnt To r m ae a s e he t y, he antf d r l ng t he g pia t nd, ubs quenty, l woul be d ij ce wi c c iefrt eS se ile'p r o eo tsigTo in t ' ef c o ad u n e td t o an o h l tnsb rq' u p s f e t h o n p rmae s fe t n r g us rsde ief coc i .(d. Ac r ngt t pli ifhei sedd esofTo rmae, e ' sr or ane I ) codi o he antf, nget os pia t rc ie f u c c i ij cin , n ohe iec mpee tenied ysud d to t n ie , e ev d o r o ane n e to s a d t m s o ltd h n - a t y û h u i cd nt wi e e t o s mep ni a ds o o t u ru dngt e4c c ieij cin h u d nv n . (d. xc p f r o a c nd ic mf r s ro n i h o an n e to s e n e e t' I ) ' l a ton t t spa canddico f r,t pl i ifalege t t durng t sudy,bo h n ddii o hi ni s m o t he antf l s ha , i he t t h a da t rp rii n R r s b e tdt o ditro ain l u sinn b sa fwhi si e n nohe a t pa t wee u j ce o d ner g to a q e to ig y tf l tl c e l u d rteitu nc o tets d u s' (Z )Aspa'o teitro ain le h q e alg dy n e h nl e e f h et r g . J '. t f h n er g to a tc niu s l e l t e e oye a i tt m , heUVA Ca esa fas t pl ntf a t ot pa tcpa t t me mpl d ga ns he t r tf ked he ai if nd he her ri i nt o û na rn o wo d sm i wihac ranlte i a6 s c n tmefa . (d. Th plitf a d m r s t ng t e ti etr n 0 e o d i -rme' I ) e an if ' e xpoundsi hi n nde c n s me d ompl i on t spa tc a i erog tonalt hni ant hi riulr nt r a i ec que: 8. Thi pl n ifwas a t nihe a hi a lt t r tl of mulis lbl s aitf so s d t s biiy o a te f t yla e wor ,ofe e li ng a tr d sst ta wor r'(ndqnotknowi fom ds tn xcami fewar- t ha i dt a ng r w he s h wor c e! nce uc d nm 9 Th n t e panifs mid se d t j s a q iky t (ilfi hi . e h lit f n e me o u t s u c l o sc al m (nd hec dn't lkofa woda al(elva t t ts) a ) oul t hiz ny r t l r e nt o he e t. 1 W he pl i ifr pore t s dic e nc i abiiy t ans r t t 0. n antf e td hi s r pa y n lt o we o he q e to r s r pidl Cl a' c mmo . u sine, he e le , t- ts o n' ) -h ' 11. At one poi i ditl f lowi a ij to g coc i ) nt mme aey ol ng n necin of ane, pl ntf sc pa tcpa ' he r r t s oc t d o t monior The ma t n ai if o- rii nts a t a e kyr ke e n he t . n he sood up l unc ng i o a 5 m i e diti ofhi mos pe s ly hel r r t t a hi nt nut a rbe s t ronal d eg es rn )s o tc mi g . 2 miu e ltr h e came r)1 d n' k o wh ls i a d h r o n s 0 n ts ae , e x li d , û o t n w y ad I t ts uf . .N ot ng lke t thase ha ne t m e be or ' ha t f . hi i ha ver ppe d o f e.' (d. t3. I a ) UVA Ca e d s ha ge t pli ifa trt ni da sudy,f ihi t pli ifwih r i c r d he antf fe he ne- y t um s ng he antf t wrte i tuci t r po ti e a ey t t e r e y r m i t e ntt the itn nsr tons o e r mm dit l o he me g nc oo n he ve ha e peinc dc rant h sc l( r ma i s mp o . (4 At b u t etmeo hi r la e o x re e e ti i y ia o) nc y tms' L J a o t h i f s ee s , n p ' ora boutSe e be 1 or1 t pl ntf bega t e re e s oft s m pt m si ntfe pt m r 6 7, he ai if n o xpe i nc ome he y o de iid i t i tucins nn l e n he nsr to , mey, uphoraa i r s dhe rngsnstviy.(4) OnSe embe 18, i nd ncea e ai e ii t Lz pt r ac or ngt t ame c di o he nded c ompl nt t e s ai , hes ympt sç oo at n f t wor ewih t s om t k ur or he s t he udde t n ani lo tnglng numbnes i t f c co e wih i e ef a ofbeng avitm ofa va f i i / s n he a e, upl d t ntns e r i ci p io i gc n p rc ' (d) W i t a v n o te eitn iids mpo ,h pli tf wa o s n n o s ia y. I . t he d e t f h s n e sfe y t ms te anif s ' h ta po td by a b a t t e r nc r m a t Uni riy ofVigi aM e ca Ce e r ns re m ul nce o he me ge y oo t he ve st r ni di l nt r ( UVA ER) t st o t ed gsu y (d. Thepan ifc mmt c tdt t eUVA ER safhs ,he i f h nl t d . L= e ) litf o miae o h tf i pa tcpain i t Topia t an c anesudy.(Z a 3 )TheUVA ER saf t n die td rii to n he rmae d oc i t J t -4. t f he rce tepli t ft l g ri t elb yû e ehes f re )ao ew/a il rl ss(n )p nc' (d h ani o i e n h o b i r ufe gd ln f ca paay i a d a i. l . f n wh ' a 4) Afe h t sof ii i t i te ru sae'awo n s mmo e hm t tewid w. t . tr ol watng n hs ç af l ttr r f ' ma u n d i o h n o (I, W hiea t wi w,t pli ifs t t wo na t UVA ER safsi ci Ll) l t he ndo he antf poke o he ma bout he tf na ton twadh sE ei u me ia a dp y harcn e s' (d. trt sc n es to ,h plitf o r i s ro s d c l n s c iti e d . 1 )Afe hi o v rain te anif s ' wa t bet wakb c t h ss a a d c l psdo t to ri fo to t wi o (I, Th s ma l o l a k o i e t n ol e n he l o n r n f he nd w. Jt e a -) . wo nt wh m h s o ea tewid w E id i ul ifr e h mlh ça tst(h rl' ma o o e p k t h n o t s anfly n o mgd i e c n' i t ee .' d ' (Is A nlrewhopa s dt pli ifa he1ycolps dont foorr mar d,dl tguygl L1) zs s e he antf s a la e he l e ke c-ha 's caz ' (#. r y. J ) ' Ac r ng t t a nde c co di o he me d ompl i ,hepli ifr pe t dl phone hi pa en si N o t ant t antf e a e y d s r t n rh Caolnadtrnghi hour ofwatngi t UVA ER,eltngt t m hi st ton.(d. Hi r i li s s ii n he r ai o he s iuai I ) s pae sphone t hos t t i r whyt UVA ER saf tale t titafnge 't ad rnt d he pialo nquie he t f E ildl o lf i r o i f t ers n. (d) hi o ' l. ' Fi ly,hepli ifaleg ,tfe m o e lngt dely a pa e a i e ve i 't nal t a ntf l es ta tr r e hy a nd r ntl ntr ntons'he UVA ER saf1 t pli ift a ts ae (t a tpe ae o ofe s ofot r tf ed he antf o n t oltd sorge y ) ra ut arhot he i p t ns' (d) Th e d co s( n me Do tr 4 5 a d 6 t e e trdt r o (Z) The ai t. L= r e o tr Un a d co s , , n ) h n ne e he o m. J e ' plitf e pli dt t m hss mp o a t a h te l h sky ven' swh h i il'(d) an if x ane o he i y tms nd h t e ' es i e e i i y e s 1. l . f ' Obviusy,hepli ifal es thi put saf(gan)onnotc ofasro me c lgnd) o l t antf leg ,t s s tf a i t ie eius dia a me a co ii knownt e s frhour one (ndjaby od tofad ugsudyi t r ntl ndton, o xit o s nd, a pr uc r t n hei hos tlgonea y. (d. pia, wr ' 1 )Thetu'edocor lf t r a s tyt r fe ,afmae ' l e t s e the oom nd, horl heeatr e l n ts a e rd, d n see v lu t t pan it a du hee hm o t fteho ptl (d) t e pp ae a miitrd aim o he litfl n s rd i u o h s ia. l . r Theplitf st ul ownma a'pesse i ot f l ngmom i (#) The anif i lbl f ni ' ritd nt he olowi ng. Ja pli ifphone t f ers a c asit tfom t dnz sudyt ame Nure3 a s antf d he emal e e r h ssan r he g t unn d s ) nd poke wi h r e e td yt a mo nn , tn ta s t cld n r o sbu o fre )nohep. (d. t t e r p ae l h t r ig noig h t he ç te q e v u t fe ld h a l' 1 a ' Thepli tf c i d t con a tt UVA Ca esaf f t ne s ve a days a n if ontnue o t c he r t f or he xt e r l , c mmu iai hi s mp o a dhse p re ea t eUVA ER.(d a 5) Fu t r r ,h o nc t s y t ms n i x einc t h ng l . t . rhemo e t e a e d co anta lges t pli ifta mit s ve ale al t t die t ofUVA Ca e m nde mpli le ,he antf r ns ted e r m is o he r cor z. (d Howe r t pli ifal s hi eforst se hel fom UVA Caep o df il s L=) ve ,he antf lege , s f t o e k p r r r ve nltes- E oh n wa d n t rme yt ep y ia gn lp y h l gc ld n espaniffc d,h t t ti g s o e o e d h h sc l a d s c o o ia a g r litf a e t a UVA n Caegnd)UVA M e c lCentrceae ' (d. Theplitf not t ti r s ns t hi phone r a dia e r td. 1 ) ' anif es ha,n epo e o s c ls a e a lm e s s t UV A Ca e sa fi or e hi t ta nur e w oul ca lhi bac a l nd m i s age , he r t f nf m d m ha s d l m k; ho ve shepl ntf alge ,hi nureneve c l hi ba k.(d. we r t ai if le s t s s r aled m c 1 ) 4 Afe r c i ng no r s e fo UVA Ca e t pl i ifeecedt ta lt Fl rdat tr e evi e pons r m r , he antf l t o r ve o o i o clehi s l off c a par l i,whi h ( mani- uson pl ntf f e si c e by tr m ef a i l ayss c ( a c del i al ai if e l s aus d ' mons''(d. Howe r beor boadi abus t pli ifa ndonedmos ofhi pe s l de .' 1 ) ve, f e r ng ,he antf ba t s rona pos e sonsi Cha l tes le, le ng t tt sde son se e fo hi toubl d men a sae. ssi n ro t vil a lgi ha hi cii t mm d r m s r e tl tt ( - S o t a trd p rigCh ro ts il,h panifrc ie ap nec l fo ad co J ) h rl fe e a t # y n a ltev le t e litf e ev d ho al r m o tr i vedwiht UVA Car dnz sudyt medDocor2) l ) Thepli ifrpo tdt t s nvol t he e g t unna t .(d. antf e re o hi docorhi desi to a r lt d Ghee e o l k ofc r r eve byt 3E. doc o s' t s tnai n nd ea e ç gr gi us ac t a e ec i d he R. t r . ' (d. Thepli ifari i Flrdawihoutrcevi atyfrhe c a tfo UVA Cae.(d. I) antf rved n o i t e i ng l u t r ontc r m r 1) Durnghi tmei Fl i t pli ifS nde l homees frda 'i anE nxit fled i s i n orda,he antf ç wa redj l s o ys'n t ey il a ps c l gc l a e' st Qa il aay i Lr qma i saec n iu glu b td' (d. y hoo ia h z 'a he û ca p r lss al nc tt o tn ed na ae . 1 ) f d ' Afert pl i ifss t he antf ' ympt m ss i d,hede i ed t l veFl i a ta lt N e o ubsde c d o ea orda nd r ve o w Yo k.(d) Ho ve, eo eb adngab s teplitf p o e teUVA Caed co iv le r L= we r b f r o r i u ,h an if h n d h r o tr n ov d wiht dr gsudya i rdwhehe t docorde ie t exa net pli if (d. t6. t he u t nd nquie t r he t srd o mi he antf. I a ) Th d co d ci e , ttn t a t epan ifh dd x ein e p o lms' r m tesu y.(d) e o tr e ln d saig h t h litf a i p re c d r be 'fo h t d I . e Th r a tr teplitf ta eldt Ne Yo k wh r hi me tl e l d troae .(d) e e fe,h an if r v le o w r , e e s na h at eei rt d 1 . h W hie i N e Yor t pli ife re e a s rouspa cat c a wasa itd t Ol a l n w k, he antf xpe i nc d e i ni ta k nd dm te o e n Ge r lHos tlst yc t t'wheehermanedf s ve t tnda .(d. Ac or ngt ne a pia' t h mi ' r e i or e n o e ys l ) c di o ps t pli tf,hewasdi nos wih a e ydior ra t t sda c i st sr l wih he a n if ag ed t nxit s de nd, o hi y, ontnue o tugge t û ncatc st t r n n e itn p irt h s a t i to i, a d d nil fte t n atr t i ta k ha wee o -xse t ro o i p ri pain n (n ) e a o rame t fe , pa c t boc e rme a UVA Cae. (d. he thed xpei nt t r' I ) ' St pndard ofRe e viw Unde 28U. C. 1915, c g r L f mapa rspr e ngs t c tbeasa r S. j whih ovens q or upei oc edi ,he our r ma t ydut t s r ni ta flngs ErlneCo. J on, F. 648,656 (t Ci. ndaor y o cee niil ii . ii v. ohns 440 3d -57 4h r 2006) Spe fcal t dititc r mus dimisana to t tt c tfndst befi ousor . cii ly,$ src ou t t s s a cin ha he our i o rvol malci ort tf ist sa eac am . M iha v.Cha l t Cnt .S. ,434 F. 725,728 i ous ha a l o tt l i ' c u ' reson v. C. 3d ( t Ci. 06 (in 28U. C. 1 1 ()2 ( ) 4h r 20 ) ct g i S. j 9 5e( )B). The sa r ofr vi f am o i t dimi st rFe r lRul ofCi lPr edu e t nda d e ew or ton o s s mde de a e vi oc r 1 b)6)as a i t ads salf fiur t saeacam unde j1 ()2)B) Ne o 2( ( lo pples o imis or al e o tt li r 915e ( ( . ws me v.EEOC,301F.d 227,231( t Ci.2002 .Thus i rviwi ac antt rt ssaut, 3 5h r ) ,n e e ng ompli mde hi tt e t c r mus t c ep a tu a1 welplade al tons' nd c nsr t ealegai nsi t he ou t t t c t s r e l l- e d legai 'a o tue hos l to n he a lg mos fvor et t pl ntf.M ylnLa .l v. akar,7F. 11 11 (t Ci. iht t a abl o he ai if a bs. nc. M t i 3d 30, 34 4h r 1 .A compl ntnee notase tdeaiedfcualalgai ,butmus c anû et n 993) ai d sr t l a t le tons t onti û mor ha lbesa c l i ,a af r ai r c tton oft ee e so ac us ofadi wilnot a l nd oncusons nd o mul c e ia i he lm nt f a e on l do. BelAt.Cor v. ' l l p. Twombl 55 U. 5 555( ' v, 0 S. 44, 2007) Furhe mor eve a s ngt . t r e, n sumi he f c ua alegai nsi t co pli a etu t y C us be e a t l l to n he m ant r r e, he d t noug t r iea rghtt r le a m h o a s i o ei f bove t s cultvel ve a 1 he pe a i e l' d. ' Di scuss on i Thepl i ifna asde e nt i t a e d c antf mes f nda s n he m nde ompl i t f l ng: t ant he olowi he Co monwe t ofVigi a,t Uni r iy ofVigi a, heRe t a Viior oft Uni r iy m a1h r ni he ve st r ni t c or nd st s he ve st ofVigi a, heUni r iy ofVigi aM e c Ce e , r ni t ve st r ni dial ntr UVA Ca e,heDie orofUVA Ca e r t r ct r, t unname s ns sofUVA Ca e' c a ner s a c sudy,a varousunna he d po or r s oc i e e r h t nd i mednlr esa zs nd 2 D c d co sfo UVA Caea dt eUVA ER. ( o ketN o 1 a 1) Th pli t fa t ultst e o tr r m r n h 7 t . e ani ri ae hre f c . camsi h sa n e c mpan.Co n I sb o g t g is te( li n i me d d o lit u t i r u h a an t h S UVA ( sa f' (d a 7) ER) tf. I . t . ' Thepl ntf b i t sc us ofa tonunde 42U. C.j1 algi t tt UVA ER saf ai if rngs hi a e ci r S. 983, le ng ha he tf vi a e hi s t n i d p o s rg sby f lngt pr dehi wih tm ey team e a olt d s ubsa tve ue r ce s i ht aii o ovi m t i l r t nt nd t r by f lng t pr t c hi fom t rs pos d by hi m e ca co to i c r nton of he e aii o o e t m r he i ks e s di l ndii n, n ontave i 2 Alh u h t ep an if a sa l f h s d fn a t o tett pa eo h sa n e c mplit Do k t t o g h litf n me l o t e e e e d n s n h il g f i me d d o an ( c e e No. 7a l,hepot no hi a n e c mpan i whc h st frhhsi iiu lcusso a to s o , s 1 t ) t ri f s me d d o lit n ih e es o t i ndvd a a e f cin h ws a o e pli dbeo t t eb ig hi s ct camsa ans o ysmeo te ed fnd ns (d a 7 . x ane lw,ha h rn s s pei li g i t nl o fh s ee a t. l. t -9) k 6 t prncpl annou e i Desha v. i e go Coun y Depa t e ofSoc a Se v c ,489 he i i e nc d n ney W mz ba t rm nt i l r i es U. 1 ( 989 .Co 1, c rprsnt a he De S. 89 1 ) unt 1 whih e ee s not r shane cam,i br htag ns t v li s oug ai t he C û UVA CaeDie t rgn lsa f' (d. t8) Th panifalg st theUVA CaeDie tr r rco a d tf. l a . e litf l e ha t ' e r r co and sa ff ie t pr e thi fom t m e c lrs i e by t d g sud whent y t f a ld o ot c m r he di a iks nduc d he nz t y he pr ve unr s nsvet hi e f t t r ac outt t a trli UVA ER vii. CountIIi o d e po i o s fors o e h o hem fe ls st I s br ug a i tUVA Car.(d.a 9. Thi c us ofa tonrpr snt at hni lba tr cai o ht gans e l t ) s a e ci e ee s ec ca te y l m t mderVigi a 1w 3i w hih t pli ifa lge t tUVA Ca ee ee d t s opeoft r ni a n c he antf le s ha r xc de he c he pl i ifsc e twhe i u ii e çit ns que to ng'i t c ur e o t dr sud afe t antf ons n n t tlz d dn e e si ni ' n he o s f he ug t y tr he pl i ifc e ed t pa tc paeonl i asudy t thad a ispur et t tng of antf ons nt o rii t y n t ha s t pos he esi Topii ae' efec o coc i c a ngs n pe f m i iss r e ng f nc i wih r pec t rm t s f t n ane r vi .I ror ng t c e ni u ton t es t o t s c am s t c .biur aesisa l i a c i r frtt Desha y cai a t n he e l i ,he out f c t t nayss nd onsde s is he t ne l ms nd he t t c c lbat r ca m . he e hni a te y li 1 . De shane el m s v ai A. Pr e algr oc dur ounds f di m is or s s al Bye tng42 U. C.j 1 Congrs ce t arme f de i tonsof naci S. 983, e s raed e dy or prvai c nsi to a rg t c mmitdb pes n a tn u e c lro saelw.4 U. C. 1 8 ' o tt in l ih s o t y ro s ci g nd r oo f tt a 2 S. j 9 3 u e , Ha wo dv Dr wn 1 9S. . 0 , 1 ( 0 9 .Th sauestx i osss v r l we pn y o . o , 2 Ct 21 8 21 1 2 0 ) e ttt ' e t mp e e ea s e ig lmiain o t es o eo j1 8 .S eDit o Colmbav. re , 0 U. 41 , 2 ( 9 3 i tto s n h c p f 9 3 e s. f l i Ca tr 4 9 S. 8 4 4 1 7 ) z ( e vngt tj1 3tsofonl lmie s pe).Fis,at hConges ca a ogata obs r i ha 98 t i y i td co ' rt lhoug r s n br t saess v r ini nt id dn td s tr u hise a t n o j1 8 .Ou m v. o da , tt ' o e eg mmu i t i o o o h o g t n cme t f 9 3 e J r n y, 440U. 33 345( 979) He e, lngasasaedoe no vol aiywaveiss r gn S. 2, 1 . nc as o tt s t untrl i t oveei 3 Asexpl ne beow, i r pp.1 8,t sae1w tc c batr cai fist i ai d l nfa 7-1 he tt a e hnial tey l m al o nvokeeihe t co ts t r he ur' fd rl u sinj rs ito o t c u t dv ri jlidcin Futemoe b c u etec u t lds s te e ea q eto u idcin rhe o r' iest t sito . rh r r, e a s h o r wil imis h s y r o l camsi ti ato o e whc ih so iiaj rs ito tepanifsj1 3cams tec uta ny li n hs cin v r ih t a rgn lu idcin h litf' 98 li h o r, s e pan db lw, l d ciet e ecs sp e na jlidcino e tesae1w tc nia batr cam.28 x lie eo wi e ln o x rie u plme tlt s it v rh tt a eh c l tey li l r o U.. jl 6 ()3 . SC. 3 7c() i nt i i i n fo s iu d rj1 8 mmu i t s mmu e r m ut n e 9 3.Ed l nv J r n 41 U. 6 , 7 ( 9 4 . y, ema . oda , 5 S. 51 6 3 1 7 ) Anot rlmiain i e upo j 1 i t tt sauea i onl t t rongl' ci he i tto mpos d n 983 s ha he ttt pples y o û s s'a tng pe u rc o ofsaelw.42U. C.j 1 3. nde olr tt a S. 98 Kee ngi mi t s br adlmiai ont s o ofj 1 t c t w tr t pi n nd hee o i ttons he c pe 983,he our no u ns o e mi whehe a oft dee nt na byt plitf fl outi o j 1 ss ope. xa ne t r ny he fnda s med he anif al sde f 983' c Fis,heco tnoest tt Co rtt ur t ha he mmonwe lh o Vigi ai i at f r ni s mmunefo s tt e j 1 r m ui md r 983 purua t t Elve hAme me t c nnelv. ms 829F. 131 13 -29( hCi. s nt o he e nt nd n .M co l Ada , 2d 9, 28 4t r 1 .Theco tf t rnotst tt Uni riyofVigi a t Uni riyofVigi a 987) ur urhe e ha he vest r ni,he vest r ni M e ca Ce e , UVA Ca e, t Re t randViio soft Uni r iy ofVigi a Ikey di l nt r r and he c o st r he ve st r ni 4 i l c tt e a m s oft sa e f El ve t A m e e pur esa t ,a e a s lke y i m t e ons iut r he t t or e n h ndm nt pos nd, hus r l o i l m m fom s tunde j 1 5 W ilv.Mih.De tofStt Polce 491U. 58,70( 989) seas r ui r 983. l c n' ae i , S. 1 ; e lo. e. ,M d.Stdi Aut v. lr Be ke l .407F. 255,262 ( hCi. g. a um h. Elebe c t nc, 3d -63 4t r 2005)( e vng obs r i t tnum e ouscr tco t, ncudi t Fourh Cic t ha hed t tpublc sa euni r ii s ha r icui urs i l ng he t r ui, ve l ha i tt ve ste q lf asar oft saeunde t Elve t Ame nt;Tirt v. t & Viior of uaiy ms he tt r he e nh ndme ) ge t Recor st s Uni ofVa.9 F. pp.2d75 756( . Va. 00 ( di t tt Re t a Viio sof v. , 7 Su 2, W D. 20 ) hol ng ha he cor nd str t Uni r iy ofVigi aconsiut a a oft sae a t ,a ei unefom s ti he ve st r ni tt e n nu he t t nd, hus r mm r ui n fdea c t ls ntt t Elve hAme me ) Halv.Ro rs 548F.Supp. 50 e rl our ptrua o he e nt nd nt; l be t, 498, 0-01 ( . Va 1 8 )(ttn ta ûti u ds tdta teUniest o Vigni' M e ia Ce tr W D. . 9 2 saig h tt s n ipue h t h i v ri f r i as dc l n e , y whi h i c c s ompos d oft hos t l t me c ls hoola t nur i s e he pia , he di a c nd he sng chool i ... o ga of , s an r n 4 Addiinal ,t Uni r iyofVigi a,heUni r t ofVigi aM edia Ce er andUVA Ca ea e to ly he ve st r ni t vesiy r ni c l nt , r r i operdee nt be us t y aedi sonsoft Recora Viio soft Uni r iyofVigi a.J ms v. mpr fnda s ca e he r vii he t nd str he ve st r ni ol on Uni o Va M e Ct Ci l . : 6 v 0 61 20 7 W L 1 7 1 , t* ( . Va J n. 7, 0 ) se as Ha l . v. f . d. n, viNo 3 0 c 0 0 , 0 3 1 1 a 4 W D. . a l 20 7 ; e lo l v Ro et,5 F. u p 4 8 4 9 01( . Va 1 8 ) b rs 48 S p . 9 , 9 -5 W D. . 9 2. 5 Thecou tdoesnotr l ont co usonr ga di t s deenda s sausa ar soft saea t bass r ey he ncl i e r ng he e f nt' tt s m he tt s he i f rdimisngt pl ntf sc o s si he ai if ompli ,i muc ast cour woul ha t ma a tona f c u dee mi to ant nas h he t d ve o ke ddii l a t al tr nains w ihr s tt t naur a cha a troft dee an si isa iai oft f -acor t tt tgove ns t e pec o he t e nd r ce he fnd t n t pplc ton he om f t ed es ha r consderton ofwhet ra e iy quaiisasana m oft saef Elve hAme i ai he n ntt lfe r he tt or e nt ndme pur e SeeRam nt pos s. Diav M d Na'Ca tl ak& Pln n Co n, 2 F.d45 , 5 - 8(t Ci.1 8 ) Aswil ee plie t . . tl pi P r t a a nia mm' 8 2 2 6 4 7 5 4h r 9 7. lb x an d bel t ea eot mor f me al s sf dimis oft sc s ow,her r her e unda nt ba e or s sal hi a e. 8 t eSae'a t u ,si n fo s i i fd r l o r) Ad iin l t ec u t b e v st a h tt, nd h s i mmu e r m ut n e ea c u t. dto al h o r o sr e h t ' y, t Die t ofUVA Ca ei hi of ilc pa t a t va i ul a he r c or r n s fca a ciy nd he rous m med de e f ndan si t r t n hei ofk i c ctesa e i u fom s tplrua tt t Elve h Am e t al apa ii r mm ne r ui zs n o he e nt ndme .Ke uc v. nt nt ky Grha 4 3U. 1 9 1 7& n.4( 9 5 (i n Exp reYo n , 0 U. 1 3( 9 8 a m, 7 S. 5 , 6 1 1 8 ) ct g at u c 2 9 S. 2 1 0 :. i Sec ond,t s s me de e nt- t Co onwe t ofVigi a t Uni r iy of he e n f nda s he mm alh r ni, he ve st Vigi aM ed c lCe e , r ni i a ntr UVA Ca e, heRe t a Viior oft Uni r iy ofVigi a, he r t c or nd st s ht ve st r ni t Die t rofUVA Car i hi ofi a ca ciy,a t va i unna e de e nt i t i rco e n s fcil pa t nd he rous m d f nda s n her ofii c ctes ar nott s s'wihi t me ni ofj1 tcal apa ii e t onlj' t n he a ng per 983.Se W il491U. at70e l, S. 71( ligta sae , tt g ven na e t isc n iee nmso t esaef rElv n h hodn h t tts sae o r me tl ni e o sd r d r f h tt o e e t t Am e ndme pu os ,a sat ofk il a tng i t i ofii lca c t a e notpe s wihi nt m es nd t e t a s c i n her fc a pa iy r r ons t n t sopeofj 1 ) W elrv. p' ofSocilSe v .f CivofBat,901F.d 387,396( h he c 983 ; le De t a r s or t l. 2 4t Ci.1 ( tngt tsae ,saea nce ,a saeofi asaeno pes wihi t r 990) noi ha tts tt ge is nd tt fcil r t rons t n he me nigo j 1 8 ) a n f 9 3. B. Subs antve gr t i ounds f dim i s or s s al Eve t n hough,asdic s d a s us e bove c ran oft de e nt a ebot i munefom s t , e ti he f nda s r hm r ui a no pe s und j 1 t sa l i doe no a yt t rmai ngdefnda si t i nd t rons er 983,hi nayss s t ppl o he e ni e nt n her i vi ualc pa ii .Howe r t pl ntf sDe ne ca msno t es f i a i tt s ndi d a ctes ve , he ai if sha v li nehel s al gans he e i vi ualde e nt be a et pli ifsa ndi d f nda s c us he antf mend co pli i de i inta amaterof1 ed m a nt s fce s t aw wihrs tt t j 1 cli . t epec o he 983 ams Assae a ve j1 af dsltga sarmed f de i to ofco tt i rght ttd bo , 983 for ii nt e y or prvains nsiutonal i s commit bype s a i unde c o ofsa el I t sa ton,he pl ntf al ge t tt ted r ons ctng r ol r tt aw. n hi c i t ai if le s ha he def nt vi ae hi Fouree hAme nts tntveduepr s rg s ( ke No.1 enda s oltd s t nt ndme ubsa i oce s iht. Doc t 7 a 7. El DuePr s Clus oft Fo te hAme me basSttsfo G prvlngla t ) ç-he oce s a e he ure nt nd nt r ae r m de i i ny pe s oflf ,lbe t orpr r y, ihoutd pr e sof1 .' D oe ex r l J r on i e i r y, ope t w t ue oc s aw '' e . ohns v.S. on C. 9 De to So ilS r .5 7F.d1 3 1 0( t Ci. 01 )( u tngU. Co t a n . V,j1, p' f ca evs, 9 3 6 , 7 4h r 2 0 q oi S. ns. me d XI ) c r. e id,1 1S. . 9 ( 01 ) tl eClu et u rne smo et nfi p o e s' 1 . e td ne 3 Ct 3 2 2 0 . t- a s g aa te r ha ar r c s .' d -h ' ( i Tr lv.Grnvil 5 U. 57,65( )( ur iy o ni ) tttloi udesa quotng oxe a le, 30 S. 2000 pl alt pi onl. û as ncl l s t ntvec ubsa i ompone t tpr vi shei e pr e ton a i tgove m e i ere e wih nt ha o de ghtned ot ci gans m nt nt f r nce t c ranf me alrg san lbe t itr t ''1 ( tngTr ,530U. a 65) e ti unda nt iht d i ry neess.' d. quoi oxel S. t . TheFourh Cic thasr og ze t tt s t ntvep ong oft Foure nt t r ui ec ni d ha he ubsa i r he te h Am e ndme ' DuePr es Clus ' ot c sa s tofi e e t- lf lbe t a pr ry t t nts oc s a e ù e t e nt r ss ie, i ry, nd ope t- ha pr aeas p o e tdb saetr lm ' W a b ih v. e eikCny.M d, 28F.d 1 9 20 ( t r lo r tce y tt o ta ' v rc t Frd rc t . .5 3 9 , 4 4h Ci. ) c r.de e 1 S. .7 ( ) r 2008, e t nid, 29 Ct 25 2008.Thus dheei s rs oft Cl e ,t r s ome ik he aus t s a i saet tl i amos a s tal gi t ta l alofi a hasc e ha m.'1 upplntng t t or aw n l t ny ui le ng ha oc fcil aus d r ' d. çnc eatrc s ,t SuprmeCour hasrj tdt spr pe ta s ne a a oa ht t i as fe a e he e l t eece hi os c nd pur d ny ppr c o he Fo t nt Am e uree h ndme t twoul m a i ç f oft tlw t be s rmpos d upon whaeve nt ha d ke t a ont or a o upe i e t r s tmsma ar a beadmi see byt Stts''I ( i Paulv.Da s 424U. 69 yse y le dy nitrd he ae .' d.quotng vi, S. 3, 7 ( 9 6 Fo ti ra o teF u t Cic ih ssae t a,û r acam s u d b t i 01 1 7 :. r h s e s n,h o rh r ut a ttd h tt e li o n s o h n whe sat t tl a s t ntve due pr es ,s a e t tl i t r e a l due pr ce st di tnc t e or aw nd ubs a i oc s t t or aw s he ul td o s he s i t e e i ' L-a 205.Cnot rwor ,t SuprmeCour ha e tbls dasr ngpr s i xc pton. ds t ' , G he l ds he e t s sa ihe to eumpton t a j 1 8 d ep o e scamswhc o e lpsaetr lw s o l b rj ce . .' I h t 9 3 u r c s li ih v ra tt o ta h ud e ee td . . d. ' Howe r t spr um p i i r buta e:l tca beove c ve , hi es ton s e tbl t n l r ome by s howi gove nme a co uc ng r nt l nd t s d r t a y'a G g e ous t ti tho t c c e , us l be us a sa e ac or o a bir r nd e r gi ' ha t s cks he ons i nce ' ualy ca e t t t itn e h r wi o t u tt to ' L. (u tn Cn v o S c a n ov Le s 5 U. 8 3 ne d d a m t u j si in. d q o ig t . f a rme t . wi, 23 S. 3 , h ka ' a 8 46,8 ( 998) I t i tntc e t pli ifsj 1 3s tntveduepr s cams 45- 49 1 . n he nsa as,he antf 98 ubsa i oce s li ovelpsaet tlw; tus t r i apr s i a ns hi j 1 cli .1 a 205 ra tt or a 6 h ,hee s eumpton gai t s 983 ams d. t -06. 6 1 fc ,t co tnotst tt pl ntf' orgi lcompl nti t saci ale ca esofa i f n a t he ur e ha he ai ifs i na ai n hi ton lged us cton or me ia mapa tc, dc l e l e e a tcmia b tey ( c e No 2. Thec u tute n tsta hs dc l lrcie me ia n gi nc ,nd el c l atr . Do k t . ) g o r frh r oe h t i a e m ndedcompl ntas aleg acl m f t hnialbatr ai lo l es ai or ec c tey. 10 Ef em os lkel pah f rove c m i t pr umpton i cos d,f t rno co tuci n of t' -h ti y t o r o ng he es i s l e or mde nsr to e nt co d(hedef nt)bes i t havei e ve s ul t enda s ad o ntndedg iz' rs tngme c lpr blms. Ket s euli dia o e l An t t ee tn (h d fn a t wee n gie tt ecaml ae n t. . o siuin l n l) d o h x e t t e ee d n s rq e lg n ,h li s rl o . c n tt t a o e s o a t pr umpton sa . d. t206.He e, hepl n if si y opton i t a gue agans a nd he es i tnds' a 'I nc t aitf t onl i so r , i t pr s e umpto t t c ta y,t tt sc s pr e soneoft es c a cic sa esi whi h i n o he on r r ha hi a e es nt hos pe i l r um t nc n c c pa lt i t mi er nge he e, i r t i fe e e s d s k t c c e et ul biiy n he ddl a - r delbe ae ndif r nc - houl hoc he ons i nc o s a e e t taf de a a to les' l uch n xt nt ha e r l ci n i . d. ' Be rngi mi t s ove a c ngf t sgo m i t 1 w s r a i n nd he e r r hi acor ve ng he a uroundi s tntve d ng ubsa i ue pr es , hec tnow pr e t c i rt s c fcs t ntveduepr s rg a is i oc s t our oce ds o onsde he pe ii ubsa i oce s i ht t s ue n t sc e. l Desha hi as n nev, heSup e Cour r ognie as tntveduepr e srgh t t r me t ec z d ubsa i oc s i t o r as bl s f t a s urt a as r c ze ac r s ndi a fr a i dut o t sa e e ona e a ey nd ec iy nd lo e ogni d ore po ng fim tve y f he t t t pr d c r a pr e ton t pariul ri vi al.Desha y, 9 U. a 1 .Doe e r l o ovi e a e nd otc i o tc a ndi du s ne 48 S. t 98, x e. J ms 597 F.d at1 . TheDe ha v Cour e a ae on t srg a isa compa ng ol on, 3 71 s ne t l bor td hi iht nd t c nyi d y: ut L l n t Stt tkesapes n i o isc t a hodshi t r a ns hi W he he ae a r o nt t usody nd l m he e gai t s wil t Co tmton i l, he nsi i mpos upon i a co r pondi dut t a s e s m e es t res ng y o s um o r po i lt f hi s ey a g r l we lbeng. The r tona e f t s es nsbiiy or s af t nd ene a l- i a i l or hi prncpl i smpl e i i e s i e nough: whe t St e b t afima i e cs of is n he at y he fr tve xer ie t powe s r tans an i vi ls lbe t t t i r nde s hi una e t ca e f r o esr i ndi dua ' i ry ha t e r m bl o r or hi ef a a t s me tm e f l t pr de f r hi basc hum a nee -- c. ms l, nd t he a i ais o ovi o s i n ds -e. , f od,cl hi s le ,me c l c r ,a r as bl s f t i ta gr s e t o ot ng, het r di a a e nd e ona e a ey- t r ns e s s he s tntve lm is on s e a to s by t Ei t Am e ubsa i i t lt c in d he gh h ndmen a t Due t nd he Pr es Cl e. oc s aus Desha 489U. a 1 -200(iai a f t eomit . nev, S. t 99 ctton nd oonot ted) Howe r t Due Pr es Cl ei pos st sa fr tvedut on t sa ei onl t ve ,he oc s aus m e hi fima i y he t t n y wo lmie c r umsa e . Fis, hi d y i ti r whe t saeac ompls a a fr tve a t i t d ic tnc s rt t s ut s rgge ed n he tt c ihes n fima i c ofi l a yr tantagans a i vi lsfee m t a to hi own be f Se i a 200 nvo untr esr i i t n ndi dua ' r do o c n s hal. e 4. t Cint s bsantveduepr es a l i,i i t Stt safimai a ofr tai ngt l he u t i oc s nayss t s he ae' fr tve ct esr ni he 11 i vi ' fee ndi duals r dom t a on hi ownbe l- t ough i r r ton,i tt i lz ton, o d s haf hr ncace a i nsiutonai a i or o he smia r tantofpe s llbe t whih i t E e i ton oflbe t ti rng t t r i lr esr i r ona i ry c s he d prva i i ry' rgge i he pr tci oft DuePr e sClus ....) Pi rv.J hns 54F. 11 11 ( hCi. oe tons he oc s a e '; nde o on, 3d 69, 75 4t r ' 1 9 )(s mes r o c n ie n o teij rdp ry i ac r to isi to aiai n o t e 9 5 ç o o t f o fn me t f h nu e a t ncz eain,n tt in l to , r h E u z lke i nee d t ti rt a fr tvedut Thi Co t sc nsse ty r a De ne t i - s de o rgge he fima i y. s ur ha o it n l e d sha y o r uieacusodi c e be or a afima i du y c n ars unde t DuePr s Cl us .' eq r t al ontxt f e ny fr tve t a ie r he oce s a e' (i to o te l, e td ne 1 6S. . 3 ( 9 5 .Se o d tesaesd t t p oe t lo ct in mi d ) c r. e id, 1 Ct 5 0 1 9 ) c n ,h tt' u y o r tc as a t a ie whe t sa e t ough a fnnai c rs s n he tt , hr fi tve onduc , nc e s sorc e t st d ti ra e r a e he ange t r ulsi r hat es t n ha m t t i vi l Pi r 5 F. a 11 M il v.CiyofRoa r o he ndi dua . nde , 4 3d t 75; ls t noke,51 F.Supp. 81 8 2d 5, 81 ( . Va 2 7 ( ingBueav Dit o Co u a 2 5F.d6 , 49( C. r 2 1 9 W D. . 00 ) ct i tr . s. f lmbi, 3 3 37 6 D. Ci. 00 :. Cic tc t ha derve t ssa ee ng me conc ptfom l r ui ours ve i d hi tt nda er nt e r angua i t Deshane ge n he v o no whc p o i e t a,s hl teSaema h v be na r o t ed n est a J s u piin ih r v d s h t Swl ie h tt y a e e wae f h a g r h t o h a l f ce i t fe word,tpl ye nopa ti t i c eai nordi i do a hi t r nde hi a d n he r e l i a d r n her r ton, d t nyt ng o e r m mor vul rbl t t m. Mil,51 F. e nea e o he ' ls 8 Supp. a 81 ( tngDesha 489U. a 201) ' 2d t 9 cii ney, S. t ). He e, hei s be m e whe he t pl i ifha al ed s f e f dsi t n nded nc t s ue co s t r he antf s leg ufkint a n he me co pli t demonsr t t tt sae' a fr tvedu y t pr ec hi wa ti r by oneof m a nt o ta e ha he t t s fima i t o ot t m s rgge ed t t st tonso lne a he wo iuai uti d bove.I t pli ifha alege s fce fcs t nhi j1 f he antf s l d ufiint a t, he s 983 s t ntveduepr s cli sag ns i vi ua de e nt m a go f r r On t ot r ubsa i oce s am ai t ndi d l f nda s y o wa d. he he ha i heha fie t ale s fce fcst ti rt sae' afr tveduy,t nhi j nd,f s ald o lge ufiint a t o rgge he tt s fimai t he s 1 3 c am smus be dimis d. Appl ngt f c sasa lge by t pli tf i t ame d 98 l i t s se yi he a t le d he a n if n he nde c ompl i t t lw a dei a e a ve a be i i mi t c r r pr s ant o he a s lne t d bo , nd arng n nd he onta y e umpto unde in r whih t pli iflbo s W a rgh ,528 F. a 205, hec ti co tanedt c l t t c he antf a r , vb i t 3d t t our s nsr i o onc ude ha t pl i ifha f ie t pl a s fc e f c st t i rt sa e' a fr a i dut t pr e t he a ntf s a l d o e d uf i i nt a t o r gge he t t s f im tve y o ot c hi fo t eij r alg dyc u e b t UVA Caed u sud Fis,h c u t oe te m r m h n u y le e l a s d y he r r g t y. rtt e o r n ts h 1 2 a e eofa a fnnai a tofr sr i by t e sae a n t i prs bs nc ny fi tve c e tant h t t ki o m ionme o nt r i tt i lza i I e t pl i ifa t d vol a iy whe he eecedt pa tci t i t nsiutonai ton. nde d, he antf c e untrl n l t o ri pae n he dr sudy a wh heelc e t got t UVA ER- neihe t UVA Ca e saf nort UVA ug t nd en e t d o o he t r he r t f he ER sa fe oyed f r et coe c hi t pm ii t i t sudyort e ert eme ge y r . t f mpl o c o re m o cpa e n he t o nt he r nc oom Se Co l v Ci o Hak rHea t. x, 0 U. 1 5 1 ( 9 2 ( odngt a act e li . t f r e ih s Te .5 3 S. 1 , 28 1 9 ) h li h t iy ns v e oye i ada o wor plc i no i ac t a r ltons p be us hehast t a iy mpl e n nger us k a e s t n usodi l ea i hi ca e i mt rl vol a c p e a o fro e ly n ) W a bi h, 2 F.da 2 7(o cu n t a n c e tdu n fe f mpo me f' y rx t 5 8 3 t 0 c n ldig h t o ; c i me orr sr i e se whe a s r sng fr fghtrc nd t d a e r s s s i n t t onfne nt e tant xit d n upe vii ie i e o uce n xe cie e so ha r s t d i a s di t fr fghtr she tr a e de t bec us t s di t E sf e t e ule n ubor na e iei e ' a -elt d ah a e he ubor nae G wa r e o waka yfo tee riessi na dtej b'. l wa r m h xecs e so n h o ' ) Furhe mor t pl i ifope ae unde no i un a y,sa e i t r e, he antf r td r nvol t r t t -mpos d r tant whe e esr i s n t U V A Ca e s a falege y pr d u e po i e t hi a t m pt t co a tt m a trhi U V A he r t f l dl ove nr s ns v o s te s o nt c he fe s ER vst Se s ..De ha e , 8 U. a 1 9 2 0(k l nt eSaetk sap ro it i ii. e e2, s n y 4 9 S. t 9 - 0 tW he h tt a e es n n o t l s c t a hol hi t r a i thi wilt Consiuton i usody nd ds m he e gans s l, he tt i mpos supon i a c r s e t ore pondi ng d t t a s mes mers o sbl yfrh ss ft a dg n rl l b i g'(mph ssa d d ) i uy o su o e p n i it o i aey n e ea wel en . e a i d e l;d. i ' a 200( ovi ngt t4ti t Sae' afi tvea tofr tani t i vi lsfee t t pr di ha û s he tt s fnnai c esri ng he ndi dua ' r dom o i a t'h tti g r t es b tnied eprc s rg t op oe to fo tesae(mp ssa d d ) c'ta rg e s h u sa tv u o e s ih t rtcin r m h tt e hai d e l; Yomg e :v. me , 5 U. 3 7 3 4 ( 9 2 ( odngt th F u te t Ame d n t b r Ro o 4 7 S. 0 , 2 1 8 ) h li ha te o re nh n me t pr de t tdia edpe s nswho ae i untrl c ovi s ha s bl ro z nvol a iv omm it d t a sa ehos t lr t i te o tt pia e an ç onsiuto lypr e tdi e et i c ndiinsofra ona ec r a s e/';Pi r 5 F. û tt inal otce ntr ss n o to c e s bl ae nd aft ) nde , 4 3d a 11 t 74-75(e nii t tt sae' afr tveduyt prt taiesEwhe t sae rcog zng ha he tt s fimai t o oec rs t n he tt r sr i pes fom a tngont i o be l,' ndnoi t ttgj s to c nfne nt etans rons r ci her wn haf'a tng ha ûsome or f o i me o t ijze pat i ac rto i si to l ai n o t el e i ne d dt ti g r h f he nl d ry nc re ain,n tt inai to , r h i s e e o rg e t e r u z k a fr tv d t 'e hai a d d l Mib r v An eAr n e Cn v De to So il r s, 71 fimaie uy'(mp ss d e l; lu n . n u d l t . p' f ca Sev .8 F. 47 4 6 (t Ci.1 8 )(o ldn t ttep anifc idha norg t oafr t 2d 4, 7 4h r 9 9 c ncu ig ha h litf hl d ih t fimai ve pr e ton by t sae be a et sae,i t afim ai e r s ofispowe ha not otc i he t t e us he t t û he fr tve xe cie t by r d rsr i dte(hllslb ry h wa v l a i pa e i t f se h meb hi nau a e tane h c id ' i e t; e s ot rl lc d n he o tr o y s tr l mt v pae s'(mphai ad dl, r. nid,11 S. .l ( 989) Theef e be us net rt rnt' e ss de )ce tde e 0 Ct 48 1 . r or , ca e ihe he UVA Ca esaf no t UVA ER sa fe re a afim ai a tofi unt r r sr ntagans r t f r he t f xe td ny fr tve c nvol a y e tai i t t pli if t f c sasaleg d i t a e d c he antf, he a t l e n he m nde ompl i f i t g vers t t frt ant al o i ie o he is cr umsa t tti r t sae' dut t pr e t ic tnce ha rgge s he t t s y o ot c . Se ond,t cour lke s c l c he t i wie oncudest tt s aedi notc e t t da rt tr ule ha he tt d r a e he nge ha es t d i h r t t panif nW a b i t . r d rc Comts aya d, 28F.d 1 9( t Ci. n a m o he lit .l v rl v F e eik t y M r ln 5 3 9 4h r f 2 0 ) c r. e id 1 9S. . 25( 0 ) at nmo p n l fteFo rhCic tds e s d 0 8 , e td n e , 2 Ct 7 2 08, ma i us a e o h u t rui ip n e wih a sae- e t d da rar t t t cr a e nge gume whe ea s r ii fr i erconduced avi or nt r upe v sng efght t g ous physc ltai ng s s i t tr s t d i t he tr aed de t ofane yr c uie fr fght r ia r ni e son ha e ule n he a -elt ah wl e r t d ie i e . l a 207 d. t -08.l a g u i physc tai ng s son,ma ed unde t aus c oft sa e f r elng ial r ni es i nag r he pies he t t , t tr s t i de t di notq lf a asa e c e t d da r t n i s e st lkel t tal ha e uled n a h d ua iy s t t - r a e nge , he t e m m i y ha owke sa e s ns e dnz sudy t tr s td i me c lpr e swoul c tt easa e c eaed y t t -po or d g t ha e ule n di a oblm d onsiut tt - r t da r J=;s as Rut ro dv. t o Ne tNe .Va. 1 F. 8 1 W L 82629, nge . #. ee lo he fr Ciy f wpor ws , 07 3d 67, 997 a *1(t Ci. 9 7 (mp bih dtbl d cso )(o cu igt t osaece td d n e t 4 h r 1 9 ) t u ls e a e e ii n c n ldn ha n tt-r ae a g r e se whe act polcede rm e c nc t a il- onc i d,ha tl pr pa e a poory xit d n iy i pa t nt o oced n d lc eve i siy e r d, nd l e cutdt r rope ai 'ha rs t i alofie ' deah) Slug e v. a & Civ xe e mdecove rton't t e uled n l fc rs t ; a htr M yor t Cot i ofBat,757F.Sup 2d5 ,553 ( M d. 0)(oncl ngt ar nztsd t mcl l. p. 48 -54 D. 201 c udi hat ec i' eah durngaklveb n'tani e r s di no rs tfom asaec e td da r.Addii ly, i ii ur 'ri ng xecie d t e ul r tt-r ae nge) tonal t pl i ifi t i t ntc s pa tcpa e vol a iy i t UVA Ca ednz sudy a tr he antf n he nsa a e ri i t d untrl n he r g t fe w il u l a yi f rand g ni ad i s o t t pr a a t r f e, nnotalege t lf ly ppl ng o ai ng m s i n o he ogr m nd, he e or ca l hat UV A C a e c ea e t da rt tr ule i hi ha m . Se Sl uz e ,757 F.Supp. a 552r r t d he nge ha es t d n s r e a ht r 2d. t 5 (' eFott Cic ih sb e c r f lho v r t l th sae ce tdd ng re c p int 3$ Th t h r ut a e n ae u, we e ,o i te tt-rae a e x e to o r mi c ssi whiht saeha c mp le t ijz dp ro t e c t e ted n e . . I t a e n c he tt s o eld he nu e e s n o n omtr h a g r . . f he e o vol aiy e ountr t rs t e e i doe no a y.) s eas j.a 553 mplyee untrl nc e s he ik,he xc pton s t pp1 ' ; e lo -s t ' l ( i t tt t or be ndt saeceae da rdodrneûst tasaea trs d be notng ha he he y hi he tt-r td nge i t ha tt co houl i la ewhe t ta t a snnai l put avitm i ha m' wa wihou gi ngt vi i a ibl n ha c or f tvey s c i n r s y t t vi he ctm c oc a o t eh rt f c tep rl rn t) i. c n ld n t a t evci ' i pino h ie b u wh t e o a e h e io o' ;d (o cu i g h t h itm s i to f ' o d ciigt p riiae(nalv -ietanngs sinwa ls f in t d fa t e(tt -r ae e l n o a tcp t i iefr rii e so s u fce t o e e t h saec e td n da r cli ',Mil,51 F. pp. a 820 ( sus i c s si whihcic tc t f md ngej am' ' ls 8 Su 2d t -22 dic sng a e n c rui ours ot ) sa e c e t d da e ,alofwhih i ve pl ntfswho madeno a fr a i c c knowi y t t - r a e ng r l c nvol d ai if fim tve hoi e ngl t a s i et ms l wiht cr u tnc t ts wne t dang rrs tngi ham) o s ocat he eves t he ic msa e ha pa d he e e uli n r . Furhe mor t co t t t i r n rs a s it d wih pa tci tng i a d ug sud t t t r e, he ur no es he nhe e t iks s oc ae t ri pai n r t y ha i vesr evi c ai ij ci andi si a he d u Se EsaeofPhilpsv.Dit nvol ec i ng oc ne n e tons ngetng not r r g. e tt li s. o Cou i, 5F.d 3 , 0 ( C. r 2 0 )(bs r i t rs sa s cae wi a f lmb a 45 3 97 4 7 D. Ci. 0 6 o e vng he ik so itd t h frfg trsj ba dc ncu igt ti Ditit sn t o t ui n lyo lg dbyt eDu ieih e ' o n o ldn ha the src i o c nsi to al b ie t t h e Pr e sClus t p oe tp bi e ly e fo ih rn j br ltdrs s'. oc s a e o r tc u lc mp o e s r m n ee t o -eae ik ' ) I a e nt t pl ntf sa e c eae da ra pl e f isba e on t pr vi l n ny ve , he ai irs tt - r t d nge r m nt a l s d he e ousy m e i d polc c er s r ntone iy onc ns uroundi t Fou te h Amend e DuePr es Cl e' ng he re nt m nt oc s aus s itr cin wihsaetr lw.I rj cigtesaece tdd n e ag me tteF u t Cic i ne a to t tt o ta n ee tn h tt-rae a g r r u n,h o rh rut i W a ihtrle onColi v.CiyofHake Heg s Te s 503U. 11 ( 992) i whih n ybrg eid lns t r r iht. xa , S. 5 1 ,n c t Su e Co thed t tçd pr e sdoe no i he pr me ur l ha due oc s s t mpos a d y o m uni pa ii st pr de e ut n ci lte o ovi t i e oye wihas f wor a eorwant a ns rs ofham (houg saet ta her mpl es t ae kplc r hem gai t iks r t h tt or lw ma .'W a rg ,5 F. a 20 Re og zi t tt r weefcu difr nce bet e yl' vb iht 28 3d t 7. c ni ng ha hee r a tal fee s we n t s t t o pr s nt d by Coli a t ca e be or i, he Fo t Cic tr ac bel t he iua i ns e e e lns nd he s f e t t ur h r ui e hed ow he f t i Coli a t hol oft u eryi polc c e n a ac s n lns nd ook d he nd l ng i y onc r nnounce by t Supr e d he em 15 Co t t ti onsi i na lw woul pus saet tlw asdewhe ve a sae o l al ur- ha t tmto l a c d h t t or a i ne r t t r oc go n e a t d a e o r' I a 207-08. Afe i ntf ng t Coli Cour' unde l ng ver m nt c e s mpl ye .' d. t tr de iyi he lns ts ryi f a , heFourh Cic ti xpr s e c e f a t o y o s t ntveduepr s rg st t e rt t r ui d e s d onc m or ny he r f ubsa i e oce s i ht ha ç woul pot ntal s tu af de alque ton whe ve a ac i ntha nsdmi aci te d e i ly e p e r si ne r n cde ppe ng tvii s s o e byt sae.' JS. xrlSi onv. s n,766F. pp.2d695,711( D.Va. pons r d he tt '' . e e mps Thore Su E. 2 1 ( uoigW a b ih , 2 F.da 2 ) s eas W a b ih , 2 F.da 2 8(t ta so m 01 ) q tn v rc t 5 8 3 t 08 ; e lo v rg t 5 8 3 t 0 t rn fr To o d na y miha i o c tt i lq tonswoul notonl brng t m i o f de a co t or r i r s ps nt onsiutona uesi d y i he nt e r l ur m e fe ue ty.Be a eCo g e sa dt efd rlu iir o tn sttego n r lsfrt o e r q nl c us n r s n h e e a j d cay fe e h r u d ue o h s cams. . t ed s lc me t fsaelw wihfd rl l iswo l b dfkult o esae' . li . ,h ip a e n o tt a t e ea poi e u d e if t o v rtt.) c ' Asme i da ntone bove,het ofijzyt tocc re i t i tntca ei onewhih as t ype nlr ha ur d n he nsa s s c lo f lswihi t a bi ofsa et tlw.Ac r i y,dee m i ngt ta sae-r a e da e al t n he m t tt or a co d ngl tr ni ha tt c e t d ng r exit i t sca ewoul s a t sa et tl w t ts f gua dst s i e esst tt sed n hi s d upplnt he tt or a ha a e r he ame nt r t ha he uson he out pli ifs kst pr e tt ought ej1 3cams7 I r c ngt sconcl i , t c ' antf ee o otc hr hes 98 li . n ea hi hi t n tsi d t t e e es j dca C efr sr it a dt ei t s c r 'i d tr nn ta o e t uy o x rie u iild l-e tan' n h d mo t ae'n eemi ig h t s s ' u co uc vi aess tntv duepr es rghs W a rg ,528F.da 205( i Coli , nd t olt ubsa ie oc s i t. vb iht 3 t quotng lns 5 3U. a 1 5 ; e as Ha isv F e ma ,l 5F.d7 2 7 8(t Ci.1 9 )(n b n ) 0 S. t 2 ) s e lo wkn . re n 9 3 3 , 3 4h r 9 9 e a c (dcj t mus berl tntt e ndt conc pto s tntved pr es be us t tg ours t euca o xpa he e f ubsa i ue oc s ca e he gui possf r ponsbl d ii ma ng i t sunc red a e a es a cea ope e d, de t or es i e ec son- ki n hi ha t r a r c r nd n- nde whih m e nst tt c t m us exe c s t ut tcae whe ve wea e a ke t br k ne c a ha he ours t r ie he mos r ne r r s d o ea w g o n i ti fed , .'(nen lq oainmak a dctto so te l.Fu te mo e te r u d n h s il . . i tr a u tt ' o r s n iain mi d ) rh r r,h t c t e v t t alhough t Fotrh Cic ti r c ze t exitnceoft sae- r a e our obs r es ha, t he tt r ui t e ogni d he se has he t t c e t d 7 Alhought Fou t Cic ti W a i co i disanayssoft spolcyconc m t isc i r to of t he rh r ui n ybrRht ntne t l i hi i e o t onsde ain t s cii sae-r a e da rdocrne,W a i ,528F. a 207 he pe tc tt c e t d nge ti vbrcht 3d t -08,hi polc a iswih e t s iy pple t qualf cet t or o he c u t rjcino tefrtgo n t tgv srs t tesaesafr tv d t t p oe t a af maieato o r' ee t fh is ru d ha ie ie o h tt ' ftmaie uy o r tc- n ft tv c f s o r i untr r tan byt sae. nvol ay esr it he tt 16 d n e d crn ,t a n tt t i gl u tsk wld e b e fc dwihasto fcs usiyn a g r o tie i h s o ,o h s co r' no e g , e n a e t e f a t j tf ig isa ia i ' JS. x r Si ps 7 F.Supp. a 71 t pplc ton. . e el m on, 66 ' 2d t 0. Fi ly,a r fom t f tt tt pl i iff l t pl d s fce f c st ti rt nal pa t r he ac ha he antf ais o ea ufi int a t o rgge he sa e' a fr ai du y t pr e hi , hepl n ifalo f ist pl d f c ss t t s fim tve t o otct m t aitf s a l o ea a t howi t tt ng ha he de e nt'al ge co f nda s le d nduc s kst c cince eCnt ofSac a e o,5 U . a 8 t hoc he ons e .Se v. r m nt 23 S. t 46 (ttn ta t nyt mo t g e iuso t a c nd c c nb s i t b tr i a yi te saig h t û l he s e r go fkil o u t a e ad o e abt r n h o r co tt ina s ns '( i Coli ,503U. a 1 9;Briha v. a 352U. 432, nsiuto l e e''quotng lns S. t 29( et upt Abrm, S. 435( 957)(mphaii t tc 1 e szng ha onduc vi ae s tntveduepr es rght whe i téhoc d t olts ubsa i oc s i s n t is ke t c ce he ons ince'a wa s ç u a 'a l f nsve't ti d d no c nd s o br t l nd ofe i ha t i t ompo twih ta tona i as r t r dii l de offi plya dec nc ';sealo. c.Roc nv.Caior a,34 U. 1 1 -73( 952) ar a nd e y' e s e. , hi ) lf ni 2 S. 65, 72 1 (i ngt tt f c pumpi ofas pe tssoma ht pr f dr s ke t fndi ha he ored ng us c ' t c o obe or ugs hoc d he c c e ea vi a e t I c i ofcvii d c ons i nc nd olt d he : ences i lze onduc't t e e t ti ta g e s t de t' o he xt nt ha t r ns r s ed he s p c ' d epr c s rg t) us e ts u o e s ihs . Alhough t f c sa al ge i t mne ed c t he a t s le d n he nd ompl n r l t a unf rt t ,a ait e ae n o tma e nd undoubtdl dite sng,s re ofe nt,t f t no t l sf i t ti rt sa e s e y sr s i e is ve s he acs ne hees a l o rgge he t t ' a fr ai d y t pr e t a lke s f i t a lge c nd tt trs st t lvelofs ki fim tve ut o ot c , nd i wie a l o le o uc ha ie o he e hoc ng t co cinc He e be us t pl ntf sFoure nt Ame e s tntveduepr es he ns e e. nc , ca e he ai if te h ndm nt ubsa i oc s rgh swe enoti i a e byt f c sa alege i t a e d c mpli ,t a nde i t r mplc t d he a t s l d n he m nde o ant he me d c antf l t saeaj 1 cli u nwhihrle maybegrnt Fort sra on,t ompli ais o tt 983 am po c eif a ed. hi e s he c u t s d s s t j 1 8 camsp rua tt 28U. C. 1 5 e( )B) o r mu t imis he 9 3 li u s n o S. j 91 ()2 ( . 1. 1 Tec c bate y cl m hni al t r ai Unde Cot llofhi a e d c r mt 1 s m nde ompl i , hepli ifbrngsat cmi a bate y cai ant t antf i e l c l tr l m aga ns U V A Ca e,a l ng t tUV A Car e e d t s ope ofhi cons tt t dr g s udy i t r legi ha e xce de he c s en o he u t w he i e pl yed S nt ns que toni ' e hni ue d li t c s oft s udy. Thi c a m i ntm o E e e s i ng't c q s trng he our e he t i s li s p e s de tr l o Vignalw.Ass c t i cam, niet epanifsj1 3cams fis rmie niey n r ii a u h,hs li u l h litf k 98 li ,al t iv k t ec u tsf d rl u sinju s ito .28U. C. 1 1 Li wie b c u ete o n o e h o r' e ea q e to ti dci n S. j 33 . ke s , e a s h pl ntf s eksonl $36, 60 i co ns or da esa anuns cii d a ai if e y 903. n mpe at y mag nd pe fe mounti punii n tve d ma e ,h scam fist tig rtec u tsd v riyj rs ito I . 1 3 .Ac o dn l , a g s ti li al o rg e h o r' ie st u idcin. d j 3 2 c r ig y be us t co twildim ist o y ca msi t sa ton ove whi h i ha orgi ca e he ur l s s he nl li n hi c i r c t s i nal j rs ito t epanifs91 8 cams t ec u t l d ci et e ries p lme tl u id cin h litf 9 3 li h o r wil e ln o xees u p e n a or he ai if jlid ci no e t esaelw tc nc l atr cam.I j1 6 ()3 .Theref e,t pl ntf s t s ito v r h tt a e h ia b tey li d. 3 7 c( ) r t l ca ba tr cli mus bedimis d. ecmi l te y am t s se C oncl on usi Fo t f eg ngr a o ,he c r c l st t pl i ifsn nde c r he or oi e s ns t ou t oncude hat he antf me d ompli ant mus bedimis d t j 1 3cli mus bedimis dpuruantt 28U. C.j1915( ( ( t s se - he 98 ams t s se s o S. e)2)B) a t tc ca ba tr cli mus bedimis d p s ntt t c tsdecson t de lnet nd he e hni l te y am t s s e ur ua o he our' ii o c i o e r ies e ntl t s ci ove t scam.TheClr i diece t sndac rii dc xe cs upplme a juiditon r hi li ek s r td o e e tte opy oft smemor ndum o ni a t ac ompa ng o de t t pl i if hi a pi on nd he c nyi r r o he antf. ENTER: Thi 1 t da ofDec mbe , 1. s 6h y e r 201 Chi fUnie St t DititJ e t d aes src udge 18
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