Hill v. Virginia Dept. of Transportation ("VDOT")/ Commonwealth of Virginia, No. 1:2012cv00015 - Document 18 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/28/2013. (ssm)

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CL ERKS OFFI U.S, SX COURT CE DI AT ROANOKE, ' VA f -- y FIED L J;)4fll' A;43-c t t t 2tl ) ( .I3 N 2z 1 1 I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I I COU RT STR CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGW I A A BW GD ON D I I ON V SI B UI'.'OQ KCE/ K Le.D L LR J ACoU ' X j yy Fcg k Ds D c vjCz- PA M ELA HI LL, Pl i if a ntf , Ci lA c i N o.1 1 c 0001 vi ton : 2- v5 M EM O M N D UM O PI I N N O COM M ON W EA LTH OF VI GI A R NI D EPA RTM EN T O F TM N SPO RTA TI , ON By: H on.G l n E.Co a e nr d Chi fUnie St t D i ti tJ e e t d a es s rc udg D e e nt f nda . Thi c e i ve a cl i ofs xua di c i i ton unde Til V l oft Ci lRi s s as nvol s a m e l s r m na i r te l he vi ght A c of 1 4. The pl ntf ,Pa e a H il aleg t the e pl r t Com m onwea t of t 96 ai i f m l l, l es ha r m oye , he 1h Vigi aDe rme ofTrns tton(t r ni pa t nt a porai t VDOT',fie t pr ehe be us s i afmae. ' ald o omot r ca e he s e l ) Th d fn a tfldamoinf rs mma yj d me t n e Fe e a Ru eo Cii Pr c dle5 . e ee d n ie to o u r u g n u d r d r l l f v l o e t 6 r Fo t r a ons e a ne bel , he c tw ilde t de e nt sm o i r he e s xpl i d ow t our l ny he f nda ' ton. 1. Background H ilwor d f r VD OT f om O c obe 1 untlSe e be 1 201 She i a lc ns l ke o r t r 993 i pt m r 5, 0. s i e ed pr e sona e nee a hol aba l ' de e i mi ng e ne rng. Shewa frthied of s i l ngi r nd ds cheor s gr e n ni ngi e i s is r by VDOT a aBrdgel pe t i t BrsolDititOfi . W he s l f t ag ncy i 201 s i ns c or n he it src fce n he e t he e n 0, s hed t posto ofEngi rSe ori t Consr c a lt Se ton, a ng $64, 95 pe he l he ii n nee ni n he tu t biiy c i m ki 8 r yea .Ove t c s ofhe e pl r r he our e r m oymen wih VDOT, hewa pr t t s s omot a l as t c ,a ed t e t wi e nd r c i d r gul rs l y i r s . e e ve e a a ar nc ea es O n J 1 201 VD OT Br s olD i ti tO f e a no e a openi f t poston une 8, 0, it sr c fc n unc d n ng or he ii ofA s i t tD it i tA d i sr t f Consr d i & Pr lm i y Eng nee i The pos to s s an s rc m ni t a or or t u on e i nr i rng. ii n wasr t i t d t i e nalV DO T ca da e , ni t e a i a i w e e r ce ve i l ng esr c e o nt r ndi t s and ne e n pplc tons r e i d, nc udi Hils Hilwa gr nt d a i e viw a o wih eghtohe a i a s Thec nd da e we e l'. l s a e n nt r e l ng t i t r pplc nt . a i ts r i e vi e by a t o- em be pa c i tng ofK e Brtl and Conni H ope. 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She c ai st ts wast sd r e n ol i te 1 he vi g s t l m ha he he m or qualf e c ndi t f rt A s i t ntDi e t rposton,a t tt de i i n t hie Bl vi e ii d a da e o he s sa rco ii nd ha he c s o o r e ns waspa'ofapat r ofs xua dic i i ton i l t te n e l s rm na i mpos d by VDOT e oye . e mpl es II. St andard ofR evi w e A mo igp ryi e tte t s mmayj d me tt temo a ts o t theei n vn a t s n i d o u r u g n ûf h v n h ws ha t r s o l i g n i ds t a t a ymaeil a ta dt mo a ti e t ldt j d me ta ama tro e une ipu e s o n tra f c n he v n s ni e o u g n s te f t lw. Fe R.Ci P.5 c .A ge neis exit ift e de i s ht ar s bl j y a ' d. v. 6() ' nui sue ss % he vi nce s uc hat eaona e ur i c d r t n a ve di tf t nonm ovi pa t ' And r on v. be t Lobby.l oul e ur r c or he ng r y.' es Li ry nc 248( 986 .l e l tngwhehe age neis e ss c t mus co tuealfcsa 1 ) n vauai t r nui sue xit, ours t nsr 1 a t nd r a o bl i e e esi t lg m os f vor bl t t nonm ova . 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' l t sca e, hes er a on ofe e by t def nda f why Blvi washie ove Hil n hi s t ol e s f r d he e nt or e ns rd r l w a t tBl nspe f m e bet ri hi i e viw .M s Ho a M r Brtl s it d s ha evi ror d te n s nt r e . pe nd . ite ubm te decar tonsa knowl i t te c oft e g c ndi e i er e d by VDOT pos esed l ai c edg ng ha a h he i ht a dats nt viwe s s t t c c ls ls r quied f rt pos to a t tt de i i wasbas d s l l on t he e hni a kil e r o he ii n, nd ha he c s on e o ey he ca daes rs e durngt i eviw. ( ke Nos 1 3,1 4. VDOT prpa e a ndi t ' e pons s i he ntr e Doc t . 0- 0- ) e rd w rte s m a y ofH il si e v e , hi h outi he e pl e hi t y a q lfc tons it n um r l ' nt r i w w c lnes r m oym nt s or nd ua i i a i f rt pos ton,a t of e s at e s nt nc r vi w ofhe i e v e pe f r a e. l s a e o he ii nd hen f r hr e- e e e e e r nt r i w r o m nc t t t s t tH ils a w e st t i e vi w ques i f ie t r a he know l dge a e r e e i ha l ' ns r o he nt r e tons a l d o eve l r e nd xpe i nc n co t c i n w hie s w or d asa A c i A r a Co tucton Engi e f rva i c i s nsnz t o l he ke n tng e nsr i ne r o rous ounte . The s m m a y a s s a e t the a w e sç e e va a l ked cl rt ' a t ti s t of u r l o t t s ha r ns r i r gue nd ac w a iy,' nd ha n pie he s r s r e r e e,s d a l t gi pe tne e pl ofl de s p f t l velof r upe vi o y xpe i nc he ' ied o ve ri nt xam es ea r hi or he e f t sposto ' ( ke No.1 3,a 8. VDOT prpa e asmia s hi iin. Doc t ' 0- t ) e r d i lr ummayofBlvi ' r e ns i ewi i r s ms t HilsEEOC c ge l not t tt i e ve pa çd crbe M r nt l ew n e pc e o l' har . t ed ha he nt r iw nel kes i d . Bl vi a ha ng pr de e m pl s ofi e ns s vi ovi d xa e nnova i s u i nsa c ii a d i i n m a ng asw e l tve ol t o nd rt c l ec s o ki l a ho hehaswor d t oug dit te oye r a i i s s.The a s s ntoft pa l s w ke hr h fkul mpl e eltons s ue s es me he ne wast M r Bl vi wasabl t hi hlghthi nego i ton s lsa m a ge e s yl .' hat . e ns eo g i s ta i kil nd na m nt t e ' ( ke No.1 3,a 10. Doc t 0- t ) H ilar l guest t evi hat he dence bef e t courti s fci t s or he s uf i ent o upporta fndi t s i ng hat he wa amor qualfe ca daet nBlvi .Thej posi lsedaBa l ' De e i Ci l s e iid ndi t ha e ns ob tng it cheors gre n vi Engi e i o r l t d f e d e re e a a pr f r ed q lfc ton. H ilha a de ee i M i ng ne r ng r e a e i l xpe i nc s e e r ua i i a i l s gr n ni Engi rng Te hnol y a wor d a VDOT f r hl s ve e n yea s Ove t c s of nee i c og nd ke t or oug y e nt e r. r he our e herem pl m e ,s waspr ot d t i e,a he d a s nis y pos ton wher s w a i oy nt he om e w c nd l upe or ii e he s n cha ge ofa l s t r e n s di t .Fr 2006 o H ilw o ked i t Consr t biiy r t ea t hi t e ubor na es om n, l r n he t uc a lt D i s on,s r ng m uli e t m s a A c i Ar Cons nz to Engi e f W i e, ha n,a vi i e vi tpl er s tng ea t ci n ne r or s Buc na nd D i ns n c i s I t s pos to s s r i e a Cons r ton M a gerf r e c c m t a cke o ounte . n hi ii n, he upe v s d tuc i na o a h ot y, s we lasmuli eConsr ton I pe t r i ea h l cai n.Hilsa e t ts s r ed i t e l tpl tuc i ns c o s n c o to l t t s ha he e v n hes po ii f at t lo m or t n t e yea s s thi bewe n t dif r ntl a i . stons or o a f e ha hr e r , wic ng t e he fe e oc tons B l vi 'e pl enthi t y a qua ii tonsa e no e ie y cl ara VD O T doe not e ns m oym s or nd ltca i r t ntr l e s s ar e t Bl i wasm or qua i i d f t pos ton- a l a tnotwih r s c t a gu hat ev ns c lfe or he ii tes t e pe t o ny qualfc tonsbe ii a i yond hi i e viw pe f manc Hedoe no pos es acolegede ee b i a s nt r e ror e. s t s s l gr , ut s lc edpr e sona e ne r Hilsa e i he de ii t tBlvi , i he s f s r d as iens of s i l ngi e . l t t d n r poston ha e ns lke r el, e ve an Aci Ar a Co tuc in Engi e , di s o y i onec y a f onl onesx- ont tng e nsr to ne r but d o nl n ount nd or y i m h sr t h,c pa e t he t e pl yea sofe re i t tpos to Furhe ,s s a e t t t e c om r d o r hr e- us r xpe i nce n ha ii n. t r he t t d ha Bl vi had o y t ee orf ye r ofm a e ns nl hr our a s nage e e r e e c pa e t he ne r y t o m nt xpe i nc om r d o r a l w dec de worh ofex renc m a gi V D OT e pl es # a s t pe i e na ng m oye . *Hilalo a g t the e oyme ex re ewih VDOT wasrf wass xualy dic i naor be orfom l s r ues ha r mpl nt pe inc t ie e l s rmi t y havi r he c empl sa s vior,i l ngde ani c r o- oyee nd uper s s ncudi me ng onduc fom Bl nshi ef He t tmony i udes tr evi ms l. r esi ncl sae ent t tm al empl shu poser d ci nudef esi t rofi c cl whih Hilwasf c d ttm s ha e oyee ng t s epitng emal n hei fce ubi es c l or e t ve S eas alg sta s cwa fre t p rom cranjntra tss s c a pc igu cg rteb ts o iw. h lo le e b t h s o cd o efr eti a ioilak , u h s ikn p iaet u t andm a ng c f e,ha m al empl es i udi t es s per s d,wer notas dt do.Fu he ,s alge ki ofe t t e oye ,ncl ng hos he u vie e ke o rt r he le s t tnum eousmal e o e i udi Blvi ,de e nedhert o veba a c ai a age r lbelef ha r e mplye s,ncl ng e ns m a hr ugh r l c ustons nd ne a i t twomen c dnotpef m ce t n m a ge ilpostonsa welasm e l 2005, ilfl agreva ew ih ha oul ror rai na ra ii s l n. n H l ied i nc t VD OT ale ngs xualy dici i tl be vi ont pa tofs eofht c e oye sa s pe vior Hil lgi e l s rm naoy ha or he r om r o- mpl e nd u r s s. l tsis d t ,a a oucom eoft gre nce, e nscoul nol rbee pl d i aposton die ty s pevii e tte hat s n t he iva Blvi d onge m oye n ii r c l u r sng Hil Hila gue t tt sbeha o r pr s nt apa tr a pr tc ofs xualydic i i t yaci b V DOT 1. l r s ha hi vir e e e s te n nd acie e l s rm naor tons y e pl es a i cae t tt de sonnott hieHil a ba e onhe s x.TheFo t Cic tha a r d m oye , nd ndi ts ha he cii o r lw s s d re urh r ui s pp ove t us ofs h e denc asam e nsofpr n cai sofi vi dicrm i i unde t M c he e uc vi e a ovig l m ndi dual s i naton r he Donnel Douals l a fa wo k S eLo r v Cic i Ci S o e .Ic , 58F.d 7 2 7 0 61( t Ci. 9 8 .Ho v r Hi ' r me r . e we v . r ut t tr s n . 1 3 4 , 6 - 4 h r 1 9 ) we e , l s y l ale i r te iel onhe own unc lgatons ts ntr y r onobor e a nons cik r porsofm ite t e .Ale tonst ta e atd nd pe f e t sr am nt lgai ha r Eu s b t n itd b a c u t o s e i d t s t so cru tn e a et og n r l t pr p ry s p o t ç nlu sa t e y c o n s f p ct a e , i r ic msa c s r o e e a' o o e l u p r a g a k me ' dsrmi to cam.E. O. v. re Con, 3 F.d6 8 6 7(t Ci. l1; e as Gil m v S uh ici nain li E. C. Xex s r .6 9 3 5 , 7 4h r20 )se lo la . o t i Caoi De to J v nl J tc , 7 F.d 14,1 3(t Ci. 0 7 (lie ea a srins sa digao e ae rl na p' f u e ie usie 4 4 3 3 4 4h r 2 0 ) éfqn rl seto ,tn n ln , r û gi y is f e tt ssana ato a l Til V1 cam.) smpll n ut n o u ti n cin be te l li '. ki ' 6 Thec u t i st t o r fnd ha VDOT' sn l, nieys b e tv cie inf rtehrn d cso S ige e tr l u j cie rtro o h iig e iin f l t a quaeys ais o de tl uppor t dee ntsmoi f s the fnda ' ton or ummayj me .l d ngs t c t r udg nt n oi o,he our i m i ult ti i t pli ifsbur n t r iea ge nequesi a t whehe t sa e s ndf ha t s he antf de o a s nui ton s o t r he tt d hrn j siiainwa p ee ua.Ho ve, nd rter c r s b te b tepat s t ec u t ii g u tfc to s r tx l we ru e h e o d u mi d y h ri ,h o r t e c anno fnd t tt de e nthasf e os t pl i ifsa lga i ofpr t xt t i ha he f nda or cl ed he antf le tons ee . A snot d a e bove,i or rt s n de o how pr e ,Hilne notpr e t s was a m or et xt l ed ov hat he e q aiidc n iaet a Blvn .I i s fce tf r rt s o t t u lfe a dd t h n e is t s ufiin o he o h w ha VDOT' j tfc t nwa S usiiai o s f l e o S nw o t ofc e nc ' Bur ne 450 U . a 256.Furhe , as r l u rhy r de e. ' di , S. t t r unde t sunm a y r he t r j d me tsa d r , lt a Hil td a ti sa ei r ieag n i q e to o fc a t t e u g n tn a d a1 h t lmus o t h s tg s as e une u si n f a t s o h vea i o VDOT' j tfc to Hilsds u so o h rr lv n q lfc to i s fiin i rct f y S usiiain. l' ic sin f e ee a t uaii ains s u fce t n t s r s ct pa tc a l bec us V DO T' e a to ofisnondi crm i t y r s n t t hi e pe , r i ul ry a e S xpl na i n t s i na or ea o ha Blvnsp rome b te i teitr iw i b t e tr l s b e tv a me g rye p an d e i e fr d etr n h ne ve s oh niey u j cie nd a e l x lie . I s ho di t c tnot st num e o c e f om w ihi t sCi c tt thi hlght n o l ng, he our e he r us is s r t n hi r ui ha g i tei o tn eo itr iwsa d ohe s b e tv ciei i tehii p o e s S e ec, n h mp ra c f n e ve n t r u j cie rtra n h rng r c s . e s ..Ad ms v. u te o teUnv. f rh Caoi - i n tn, 4 F.d5 0 5 9 6 (t Ci. 01 ) Tr se s f h i o No t r l W l co 6 0 3 5 , 5 - 0 4 h r 2 1 na mi ( tn tes b e tvt ih rn i a a e ctn r d cso s ; xv. t o Ne o t ws noig h u j ciiy n ee t n c d mi e u e e iin l Hu Ciy f wp r Ne . Vigni 451F. 311 31 (t Ci. r i a, 3d , 9 4h r 2006)( i t i tnc offc t fcei er e t notng he mpora e a e-o-a nt viws o t hii pr es) M agha v. ns 1 Fe App' 731,732( h Ci. he rng oc s; l n Eva , 18 d. x. 4t r 2004)( publs d) un ihe (ppr ngoft us ofs j tvec ie i s ha i eviwsa par ofalgii t a ovi he e ubeci rtra uc s ntr e s t e tmae n n ic i n t r hii j siiain .Thec u tas a p e itst t teVl wa n t o d srmiao y rng u tfc to ) o r lo p rcae ha Til 1 s o i ende t c e t wihi t j vm' ts rpes nne de rme k)weg ngt pr nc of nt d o r ae t n he udii y dupe r o l pa t nts ihi he ude e em pl entdeci i m ade by t oym sons inns charged w ih em pl entdi cri i i ' D elar t v. t oym s m naton.' nete Co ni l ,1 F. 293,298- (t Ci.1 (iai omit ) Howe r undert r nc, nc. 33 3d 99 4h r 998) cttons ted . ve , he r c d bef ei, hec ti c e or or t t our s ompele t hol t tVDOT ha f ie t pr en as tc e ld o d ha s al d o es t ufi i nt nond s rm i t r r a on f c i c i na o y e s or hoos ng Bl vi ove t pl i tf . i e ns r he a n if Ot cruisha hedt tt us o s jci ciei al ma gi rs t a her ic t ve l ha he e f ube tve rtra one y ve ie o n i e e ofpr t x . Se Tur rv.Publc Se vi Co. Col a 5 F. 11 11 11 nf r nce e e t e ne i r ce of or do, 63 3d 36, 36, 45 ( 0h Ci. 0 9 ( oi t a t eei alv lo s b e tvt ihee tn a yitr w p o e s te 1 t r 2 0 ) n t h t h r s e e f u j ci i n rn i n n e de r c s,h ng y cour willçnf pr txt.. onl whe t c ie i on whih t e o r uli t l r l a e t l çi er ee . y n he rtra c he mpl ye s tma ey ey r eniel s e tvei nau e'( i J sv.Banha t349F. 1 1 ( 0hCi. ) tr y ubici n tr '' quotng one r r, 3d 260, 267 1 t r 2003 (mp ssa dl) Medi v. msy Ste Co.I , F. 674,681( hCi.2001 e ha i dde l; na Ra e e l snc.238 3d 5t r ) ( od n a t ep i fcec s sa ea e ly r' yn t tlz wh l s b e tv sa dads h li g t h rma a i ae tg n mpo e i ma o u i e o l u j cie tn r i y b whiht j d eise ly e ' u lfc to sa dte pe dlc o q aiiain wh n i y c o u g t mp o e s q aiiain n h n la a k f u lfc to e t s pr i pr es ...i c lnge a dici naor ' ( i Cr wf r v.W e tr Elc.Co. omoton oc s s hale d s srmi t y' quotng a o d ) sen e , 61 F. 1 1 5(t Ci.1 0); e aloBelv. ce,708F. 131 1 9- ( h Ci. 4 2d 300, 31 5h r 98 ) s e s l Bol r 2d 2, 31 20 8t r 1 8 )(cs u j ci ep o to p o e u e aet b co eysnzi z db c us o t i 9 3 : l b e tv r mo in r c d r s r o e l sl c tnie e a e f her g s ce i lt t dic i naor a e.) us ptbiiy o srmi t y bus ' . ' W ihnt eF u t Cic i, a e c n o igteu eo s b e tv cie i a e d n eof ti h o rh ru tc s s o d nn h s f u j cie rtra s vie c n n ici n t r hiigj siiainsh v as ctda dto a, b e tv e pln to sf rte o ds rmiao y rn u tfc to a e lo ie d iin l o j cie x a ain o h e pl r 'de i i ns Fore m pl i Hux, hepl i if spoori t r i w pe f r a w a m oye s c s o . xa e, n t a ntf ne ve r o m nce s m e e y o off r f c o sr le o by t e pl ri e a ni is de i i t pr o e r l ne ou a t r e i d n he m oye n xpl i ng t c s on o om t a t rca da e. I addii n t t i e v e s t e pl ralo c i r - a e a ne no he ndi t n to o he nt r i w , he m oye s ons de ed nd xpl i d- t e oye spoorwor pe f he mpl e' k ronna a be vi p obl ms he l c ofe re er ltvet nce nd ha or r e , r a k xpe inc e ai o ot rc da es a hers gnii n l ve tm e us e. H ux,451 F. a 318- 9. Se a s he andi t , nd i fea t ea i ag 3d t 1 e lo Ande s 406F. a 269- (pp o ngt us ofi e ve t hel r nkca dae ba e on ron, 3d t 70 a r vi he e ntr iws o p a ndi ts s d 8 tn s e ii c r a dfnci n l o ee islse i tej bd s rp in ; lha ,1 8F d e p cfc o e n ' to a c mp tnce itd n h o e cito ) MaM n 1 e . u App' a 73 (ne ve onl onepiceofalr rnumei lrnki s tm) x. t 2 itr iws y e a ge, rca a ng yse . Ev nu de t eM c n el uga fa wok,h p rymo i f rs mmayj d me t e n r h Do n l Do ls rme r t e a t vng o u r u g n s ilr t i t bur ofs i t tt r i no i s ofm at r a f ctupon w hi h r s na e tl e a ns he den how ng ha he e s s ue eil a c ea o bl j r r c udb s av r it o t n nmo igp ry.Smpl pu,h d fn a th sfie t me t u o s o l a e ed c f r he o vn a t i y tte ee d n a ald o e t a b r e h r .Th e tr moinf rs mma yj d me t e t u o t v r b ifitr iw h t u d n ee e n ie to o u r u g n r ss p n wo e y re n e ve s m a i s o whi h w aspr pa e onl a t rH ilfl d a c r wih t EEO C . l r l c s a um r e , ne c e r d y fe l ie ha ge t he t efe t sngl,e ieys j ci hii ciei t ,i ac e e wo dal e o r i e ntrl ub e tve rng rtron hat f c ptd, ul low mplyes uncha l ngea e a t iy t e a n a a e pl e de i i n. M or ove , he def nda ha le bl u hort o xpl i w y m oym nt c s o e rt e nt s of e e s a s f r d c nt uppor- a f w s n e e i a i e vi w s m a y t tt s c ie i w a a t ly t e e t nc s n n nt r e um r - ha hi rt ron s c ua l cons de e orr i o i a m e ni u wa A s de f om brefy notng how Bl ns'a we s i r d eled n n a ngf l y. i r i l i evi ns r hi i ht d hi m ana m e a ltes t de e nthasnote n a t m pt d t s ghlg e s ge nt biii , he f nda ve te e o how t tt ha he i e vi w r f e t how Bl vi 'e r e e,q ii a i , nd fmc i nt r e e l c ed e ns xpe i nc ualf e tons a t tonalc ciy m a hi a apa t de m beterc ndi t f t poston.Thedifc t i noti pos i lt ofeva u i t t a dae or he ii fi uly, f m sbiiy, l atng he tuh un s o s c as be tv a da ta t usiiain c mb n dwi t s a te pln t n rt f le s f u h u j ci e n bsrc j tfc to , o i e t he c n x a ai h o o h w teitr e we eidc tveo j bp ro ma c , o nsl i f v ro atn i ta Hil f o h neviws r n iai f o ef r n e c u es n a o f i dng h t l hasm ethe b den ofe t bls ng a que ton of f cta t w he he VD O T' p of e e r as n i r ur s a i hi si a so t r S r f rd e o s pr t xt l Suc a a om hous sanda d,a one s po t d onl by a f w b i fs nt nc s of e e ua . h n m t r nd up r e y e re e e e e a ton,s e y ca xpl na i ur l nnots fc t s t s y a e pl r s bur n i of e i a l gii a e uf i e o a i f n m oye ' de n f r ng e tm t nondi c i i t y r a on. H ol ng s w oul i pr ry alow e pl r t us d he s rm na or e s di o d m ope l l m oye s o e d t M cDor lDougl fame krs as edf e oyesrt rt nat 't to fr mel as r wor a j hil or mpl r ahe ha ool'ha fe s e pl ye s t f la f ropporuniy t de onsr t pr t xt' D e s 290 F. d a 6 m o e i ul nd ai a t t o m ta e e e . ' nni , 3 t 48. 9 I co l ng, heco tr ie a e isa r ne soft i n ncudi t ur et r t s t wa e s he mpora r ei e v e a ohe tnt ol nt r i ws nd t r s be tveciei ma plyi hrn d cso s a d i a p e ito t a til yr v a ag e t u j ci rtra y a n iig e ii n , n t p rcai n h t ra ma e e l ra s dea ofpr t VDOT had lgii ae, l oof hat e tm t nondic i i t yr s f hii Blvi ove Hil s rm na or ea ons or rng e ns r l. H ow e r ast r c d cur e ty s a , he c ti s m pl una e t c l t tt c s y ve , he e or r n l t nds t our s i y bl o onc ude ha he ur or j tfcainofee byt dee nti no prtxtf unlwf motvai usii to fr d he fnda s t ee or a ul i ton. lV . C oncl on usi Fo t f egoi r as ,t co twilde t de e nt s m oton f r s m a y r he or ng e ons he ur l ny he f nda ' i o um r j udgme ,i ngt tage neis ofmaeilfc e ssa t whehe VDOT unlwf ly ntfndi ha nui s ue tra a t xit s o t r a ul dic i i t d ag ns t pl ntf on t ba i ofhe s x. s rm na e ai t he ai if he ss re The Cl r i di e t d t s nd c r ii d c pi oft sor rt al co elofr c d. e k s r c e o e e tfe o es hi de o l uns e or t d ENTER:Ths V. d yo Jn ay 2 3 i 6 a f a u r, 01 . Chi fU nie St t s Di t i J e t d a e s rd udge 10

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