Mass v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 4:2021cv02962 - Document 18 (S.D. Tex. 2022)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING 14 MOTION to Dismiss 11 Amended Complaint/Counterclaim/Crossclaim etc. with prejudice (Signed by Judge Sim Lake) Parties notified.(rkonieczny.

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Mass v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Doc. 18 Case 4:21-cv-02962 Document 18 Filed on 01/06/22 in TXSD Page 1 of 19 United States District Court Southern District of Texas ENTERED (,Q 2&#Q 3,(2#"Q 12 2#1Q "(120(!2Q !.302Q $.0Q 2'#Q 1.32'#0,Q "(120(!2Q .$Q 2#6 1Q &.312.,Q "(4(1(.,Q (#(1' Q + 11 Q /C7@EK@<< Q M Q 5#**1Q $ 0%.Q ) Q ,Q Q ";<;E:7EK Q January 06, 2022 Nathan Ochsner, Clerk !(4(*Q !2(.,Q ,. 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"b @5b ! " b DSOOFDYKRIb DBXFX b BYb "b #" b ) ' !!("#'(b @ - b >F] b 4BR b !" b Case 4:21-cv-02962 Document 18 Filed on 01/06/22 in TXSD Page 19 of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