Freeman v. United States of America Do not docket in 4:16cv1995. File only in 4:12cr479-2., No. 4:2016cv01995 - Document 3 (S.D. Tex. 2018)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER - The Government's motion for summary judgment (4:12-cr-479 (2) - Docket Entry No. 201) is GRANTED. Denying 1 MOTION to Vacate, Set Aside or Correct Sentence (2255) as to Criminal Case No. 4:12cr479 (Defendant No. 2). A certificate of appealability is DENIED. The Clerk of Court is ORDERED TO ADMINISTRATIVELY CLOSE Defendant's ancillary civil case in C.A. No. H-16-1995 (S.D. Tex.)....*** Case terminated on 6/14/18. (Signed by Judge Gray H Miller) Parties notified.(sanderson, 4)
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Freeman v. United States of America Do not docket in 4:16cv1995. File only in 4:12cr479-2. Doc. 3 United States District Court Southern District of Texas ENTERED I TI U M TED STATES D I N IE STRICT CO UR T FO R TH E SO I TH ER N D I J STR I O F TEXA S CT H O U STO N DI I O N V SI UNI STATES OF A MERI TED CA June 14, 2018 David J. Bradley, Clerk b CRI I ACTI 1 -1 479M NAL ON 1 2- 2 V. CI L ACTI 1 -1 1995 VI ON 1 6W ALTER KEI C FREEMAN TRI M EM ORANDUM OPI ON Ae O RDER NI D ef nt af r prs enda , ede al ionerr es edby couns ,fl d t ss i 2255 m oton epr ent el ie hi ecton i c l ngi hi convi i and s nt hale ng s ctons e ences f cons r cy t i er er wih com m er by or pi a o nt f e t ce r bbe y a dic r i g afr a m d i a c i ofvi l n e. ( c tEnty No.1 7. o r nd s ha g n ie r urng rme o e c Do ke r 9 ) The Go r n fld a moto f s venme t ie in or umma yj dg ntpr mie on Dee da ' pe r u me e s d fn nts la a e me twa v r ( c e Enty No.201) De e ntfld a r s e i o posto gr e n i e . Do k t r . f nda ie e pons n p ii n. ( c e Enty No.2 ) Do k t r 02. Ha i rviwe t s cin225 moto t moinf rs vng e e d he e to 5 in,he to o umma yj me t t r udg n ,he r pons t r cor and t applcabl l , t Cour G RA NTS t G ove nm e ' es e, he e d, he i e aw he t he r nts moi f s mmayj me ta DENI sci 2 rle f rt r a o t t olw. ton or u r udg n nd ES e ton 255 eif o he e s ns ha f lo Background and Cl m s ai D ef ntpl ded guit t cons r y t i er er w ih com m er e by r enda ea ly o piac o nt f e t c obbe y a r nd di c gi a fr ar durng a c m e ofvi e s har ng i e m i ri ol nce. The Cour s enc hi t a t alof t ent ed m o ot 1 m ont 'i i onm e ,t be f l e by a fve77 hs mpr s nt o olow d i yeart m ofs vied r eas a er uper s el e, nd or e r tmton i a a ountof$200, 00 and a $200. s ci as es ment der d esi i n n m 000. 00 pe al s s . Dockets.Justia.com D ef ntsappealw asdim i s d asbar ed by hi pl a ee e wai enda ' s se r s ea gr m nt ver. Unie td St e v Fr e n,Appe lNo.1 204 ( h Ci.201 ) ats . e ma a 3- 05 5t r 4. D e e ntr s t f l i cl m s i hi s i 2255 ha f nda aies he olow ng ai n s ecton beaspe ii tton: Pr ralc et i ouns wasi f ctve i f lng t el nef e i n aii o a. pr l c m uni t and i or hi oft r s a oper y om ca e nf m m he iks nd cons eque nces of pl di guit as oppos d t ea ng ly e o pr edi t t i ; oce ng o ral b. conduct adequat i an e, ndepe ndent eti i tgaton; pr r al nves i i fl pr r alm otonst putt Gover entscas t an ie eti i o he nm ' eo a r aralt t and dve s i es ; d. 2. negotat a f a e pl a agr e . i e avor bl e eem nt l Se e ng couns lwas i f i i f lng t nt nci e nefectve n aii o a. r e ,dic sand expl n t PSR ; evi w s us ai he b. fl a m e or ie m andum i m ii ton ofpunihm ent and n tga i s ; C. o jc t t s ntn ea s tnilyun e s na e. be t o he e e c s ubsa tal r a o bl TheGover entar nm guest t e c ai sar ba r by Def nda ' pl a agr m ent hat hes l m e r ed e nts e ee wai and t ha ver hat beasr i s elef houl be deni d ed. i f da omist sfurh s cli i hi me and oflw. ( ke Enty No. Deen nt t hi o t ub- am n s mor um a Doc t r 1 p.1 ) Be aus hepr s nt noar 98, 8. c e ee s gume orfcua algai i s nt a t l le tons n uppor oft f t s t he ourh ubcam,i wilnotbe a e s See Woods v Coc r l,307 F. 353,357 ( h Ci.2002) li t l ddr sed. . k el 3d 5t r ( di t tasatme ofal lc uson,wihoutas i atmptt ar ors tntae hol ng ha t e nt ega oncl i t erous te o gue ubsa it t is i a wai ror a ndonme oft is ) I t ale i t Cour fnds t t he s ue, s ve ba nt he sue . n he tmatve, he t i ha D e e ntf is t s w en il m e t ha as r lefon t i s f nda a l o ho tte nt o be e i he s ue. Le St gal andar ds Gener l t ear f gr aly, her e our oundsupon w hih a def c endantm ay m ove t va e,s o cat et a i ,o c r e thi s ntnc pu s ntt s ci n 225 ( )t i sto o a s n e e sde r o r c s e e e r ua o e to 5: 1 he mpo ii n f e t nc i vilto oft Consiuin o t lwsoft Unie Stts ( alc o j idito n oain he ttto r he a he td ae ; 2) a k f urs cin oft dititc u tt ti os d t s n e c ,( t i ii n o a s n e e i e c s he src o r ha mp e he e t n e' 3) he mposto f e tnc n x e s oft ma mum a ho ie bylw;a d ()t sntnc i oh r s s j c t c ltrl he xi ut rz d a n 4 he e e e s te wie ube t o olae a at c 28 U . C.j 2 ta k. S. 255;Unie St ts v Pl e e 81F.d 5 5 ( h Ci .1 6 . td a e . ac nt , 3 55, 58 5t r 99 ) Sec i 2255 i a ext aor A r nl ur nd ca motbe us f er or t ar not ton s n r dù a y eas e,a r ed or r s hat e c nsiui a orj iditon li t s er sc d ha e be n r ie on die ta pe l o ttton l urs ci a f ho e ror oul v e as d r c p a. Unie S a e v St mp 9 F. d 8 8 ( t Ci. 1 0) I t e r r i n of td t t s . u h 00 2 42, 45 5 h r 99 . f he r o s ot c nsi ina orj idito a ma niu e,t mo ntmus s t er c udn ha e o tmto l urs cin l g td he va t how he ror o l ot v been r s on di e appealand woul i condoned,r ul i a c pl e m i c rage of aied r ct d, f es t n om et s ar i j tc Unie Satsv S t 32F. 1 4,1 ( t Ci.1 4) usie. td t e . mi h, 3d 9 96 5h r 99 . The pl adi of a pr se pr s e ngs o i oner ltga ar r vi ii nt e e ewed under a l s sr ngent es ti sa t ndar t t e dr t by a a t ne and ar pr ded alber cons r i Hai s d han hos afed n tor y, e ovi i al t ucton. ne v Ke ne , 04U . 51 ( 9 ) Ne rhee s apr s ltg n i silr q r d t p ov d . r r4 S. 9 1 72 . ve t ls , o e ii a t s tl e uie o r i e s fci f ct t s ufi ent a s o uppor hi cl m s and t e e concl or a l gatonson a crtc i s t s ai , t r m us y le i ii al s ue ar i uf i entt r i e a c tt i e ns fci o a s onsiutonali s ' Unied St es v.Pi s ue.' t at neda,988 F. 22,23 2d ( t Ci.1 93 . Ac or n y,Rll e e d n e i t r c d,ac ur c r tc nsde 5h r 9 ) c di gl a bs nt vi e c n he e or o t amo o i r a habeas pe ii r' bal as eri on a crtcali s i hi pr s petton .. .t be of ttone s d s ton ii s ue n s o e ii o pr a i e i e ir v l ' s v.Esel 6 F. 1 08,1 1 ( t Ci .1 3) ob tve v d nta y aue.'Ro s t le, 94 2d 0 01 5 h r 98 . 3 Anal i ys s I hi w rte pl agr m e exec ed and fl i t s crm i cas Def ndant n s it n ea ee nt ut ied n hi i nal e, e agr d t t f l ng pr sons: ee o he olowi ovi i 8. Dee a i a r t tTil 1 U. C.j3 2 af dsad fnd n fnd nt s wa e ha te 8, S. t4 for ee a t t rghtt a he i o ppea t s ence i pos Thedef l he ent m ed. endantagr t w ai t ees o ve he rght t a i o ppea t s ence i pos or t m anner i whi i w as l he ent m ed he n ch t d tr n d o a g o ds s t f t i Til 1 U . C. j 3 2. e e mi e n ny r un e orh n te 8 S. 74 Add to ly,t de e da i a r t tTil 2 U . C.j 2 5,a f r iina l he f n nt s wa e ha te 8, S. 25 fo ds t rghtt cont tor R l er l atack' a convi i ors ence afe t he i o es colat aly t ' cton ent t r he c n cino sntnc ha be omefna .Thedee da twave terj t o vito r e e e s c i l fn n i s h iht o cont t hi / convi i or s e es s her cton ent nce by m eans of any pos- onvl i t c cton p oc e n I t e n t dee ntflsanoieofa pe lf lwi t r e dig. n he ve the fnda ie tc g a olo ng he i poston oft s nt nce,t Unied St esw ilas er 1sr ght unde t s m ii he e e he t at l s tt i s r hi agr m e and s s fc pe f m ance oft s w ai ee nt eek pecii r or hi ver. ( ke Enty No.9 ) Doc t r 0. Durng t pl hearng,t Cour i r i o t vol arnes of Def i he ea i he t nquied nt he unt i s endants ' wr te pl agr m ent it n ea ee : TH E COURT: Al rght Couns ,Iunder t t r sa w rten pl a 1i . el sand he e' it e agr em enti t s c e? e n hi as M S.BA SI LE: Yes,Y ourH onor. TH E COURT: Al r ght A nd l ' s t s i bei ofer pur uant li . ets ee, hi s ng f ed s t Rul 11c ( )A)a ( o t Fe e a Rul so Crmi lPr c dur o e ( ) 1 ( nd B) f he d r l e f i na o e e. M S.BA SI LE: Thatscor ect Your Honor. ' r , TH E COU RT : A1 rght M s.Basl woul you pl as s m a i t 1i . ie, d e e um r ze he es e i t m soft pl agr em ent s ntal er he ea e . M S.BA SI LE: Yes,Y ourH onor Thedef . enda a eest pl guit nt gr o ead ly t Count 1 and 5 oft i ct e a t f l coope at w ih t Unied o s he ndi m nt nd o uly r e t he t St t a es. The gover ent wil not oppos t def ndants r nm l e he e ' eques f t or acc ance ofr ponsbiiy and wildim i sCount4 oft i ct e a ept es i lt l s s he ndi m nt nd r ecom m end a 5K 1dow nw a d de t e i appr i e. The def r par ur f oprat endanta s lo wai hi rghtt a a ala t colat aly atack hi convi i ves s i o n ppe nd o l er l t s cton. 4 THE COURT: Al rg . Th nk y u,M s Ba ie. ( f ns c un e l l i ht a o . sl De e e o s l, i t yourunder t ng oft t nus oft pl agr ent s hat sandi he e he ea eem ? DEFEN SE COU N SEL: Yes,Y our H onor. TH E COU RT: cle ? i nt And have you gone overt spl agr e w ih your hi ea eem nt t DEFEN SE COU N SEL: Yes,1have,Y our Honor. THE CO URT: And ans er a 1ofhi ques i ? w ed 1 s tons DEFEN SE COU N SEL: Yes,Your Honor. TH E CO URT: A1 r ght M r.Fr an,i t yourt de t ng of 1i . eem s hat m rsandi t agr em entt you have w ih t gover e i t scas he e hat t he nm nt n hi e? TH E DEFEN DA NT : Yes,sr. i TH E COU RT: A1 rght And ha you gone ove t spl a agr e 1i . ve r hi e eem nt wih your a t ney? t tor THE D EFEN DA NT: TH E CO URT: Yes,sr. i And do you under t i? sand t THE D EFEN DA NT: YesNsr* i ( c e En r No.1 8,pp.1 6. Do k t ty 4 4-1 ) On appeal D e e ntar , f nda gued t t pl agr em entw a ve of a hat he ea e i r ppeals d not houl bee f c dbe a ehi pe wa n ma volntrl a u o ngy. l rjci ti nor e c us s la s ot de u a iy nd wi l n ee tng hs ar e ,t Fit Cic tCour ofAppe shel as f l s: gum nt he fh r ui t al d olow W aler Keir c Fr a pl ded guit t cons r t ti eem n ea ly o piacy t i er e e w ih o nt f r t c mme c by r b r (o o ) i vi a in of1 U . C.b 1 51 a , nd o r e o be y c unt ne , n olto 8 S. 9 () a dic r i g afr a m d i ac i ofvi e e( o tfve , nvi a i of s ha g n ie r urng rme olnc c un i ) i olton 1 U . C. j 92 c ( )A)ii. The d src c t s ntn e hi t 8 S. 4( ) 1 ( (i) iti t our e e c d m o cons utve t r sof57 m ont and 1 m ont i pr s entf count ec i e m hs' 20 hs' m i onm or s one and fve,r pectve y. i es i l Fr m a acu ow l ee n edges hi pl a agr m e cont nsa w ai r ofhi r ghtt s e ee nt ai ve si o a ppealhi s e s ent nce, hecl m st wai s d notbe enf ce beca e but ai he ver houl or d us hi guit pl w as notl ow i a vol a y. H e as e t he was never s ly ea m ng nd unt r s rs i ormed of t es e i el e s of hi ofens a t he sm pl nf he s ntal em nt s f es nd hat i y f l olowed hi def e c s ens ouns ' i t uctons t agr e t al of t dit i els nsr i o e o 1 he srct c ur' q esi .Het npr c e t c le get sntncnga j t ns o ts u tons he o e ds o haln wo e e i dusme t a i t hi s enc ppled o s ent e. Fr m a cont t t valdiy ofhi pl agr enton t o gr ee n es s he i t s ea eem w ounds: he was uni or ed as t a1 of t el ent of t i ct e whi h woul l er nf m o 1 he em s he ndi m nt c d at e nce hi s ence; and he ha t opporlniy t neihe r d nor nha s ent d he tl t o t r ea compr hend t pl agr m entbef e hi ar ai enthea i e he ea ee or s r gnm r ng. Fr m a ee n r s t s ond cont i i hi r pl br eff t fr ttm e;i a eve , ai es he ec enton n s e y i or he i s i n ny nt i f l asdoeshi fr tass ton. t ais, s is er i Theditit o t s dFr e n,Kl veyo r a a do4 uund rtndt src c ur a ke e ma la u e d nd o e sa he pl agr m enti t scas 't whi h her i d:çYes sr.' Fr m a alo ea ee n hi e?' o c eple ç , l ' ee n s i or ed t dit i cour dur ng t hearng t he wai r di oft nf m he srct t i he i hat ved ea ng he i ct e . The di ti c tnever he es r vi w ed eac el m e ofbot ndi m nt sr ct our t l s e e h e nt h count t w hi Fr m a pl so ch ee n eaded guit as wel as t cons ly, l he eque nces of a guit pl M or ove Fr m an r ponded af i a i y t het ly ea. e r, ee es frm tvel hat mder t sood t dit i cour ' quesi he s rct ts tons. Fr em an' Hs e n de a tonsi open cour e s ol m cl ra i n t car y a sr pr um pton ofvert ' Unie St e v.M c ght 570 F. r t ong es i iy.' t d at s Kni , 3d 641,6 ( t Ci.20 )(ntr lq t to ma ksa d ct to o itd) 49 5h r 09 i e na uo a in r n ia in m te . To de er i t valdiy of an a t m ne he it ppea w ai r, t s cour conduct Ga l ve hi t s t se i uiy.' Unie S a e v.Bon 41 F. d 5 5 ( h Ci . wo-tp nq r ' t d t ts d, 4 3 42, 44 5t r 2 05 (iai o itd) S cfc ly, hec ur c nsde s* 1 whehe t 0 ) c tton m te . pe iial t o t o i r ( ) t r he wave wasl ir mowi a volntr a ( )whehe t ewave a ple t t ng nd u a y nd 2 t r h i r p is o he c r sanc atha bas d on t pl n l nguage oft agr ent ' I icum t es nd, e he ai a he eem .' d. The r d s st Fr m an knew he had t r ghtt a ecor how hat ee he i o ppealand t the ha w asgi ng up t r ghtass f t i t pl agr em ent The dit i cour vi hat i et orh n he ea e . s rct t q tone whet Fr m a knew he was wai ng hi r ghtt a ues i d her ee n vi s i o ppeal t ,o whi h Fr m a r ponded tYes,sT.' The dit i cour eve s m ar z c ee n es t i ' srct t n um i ed t e m e ni ofwave i lyma str by sai G l1ba ia l me ns h a ng i r n a n' e ms t tng: (t sc ly a t i you' e unhappy wih t r ul i t s c e,you ar notgoi t be hat f r t he es t n hi as e ng o abl t t t up t a hi e o ake hat o gher c t l er on. Do you under t t t ' our at sand ha ?' Bas on t pl n l ed he ai anguage of t agr m e , t w ai apples. E. , he ee nt he ver i g. Bond,41 F. at544. Fr m an' c l 4 3d ee s halenge t hi s enc i t bar ed o s ent e s hus r by t vald appealwai pr son. 1 he i - ver ovii d. Unie St e v. e man,5 F.Ap x 3 3 ( h Ci.2 4 . td ats Fr e 83 p' 08, 08 5t r 01 ) 2014 D 0J Polc iy I ismoto f rs n t in o umma yj gme t t Gove n ntc ntndst tDee a ' r ud n , he r me o e ha fnd nts s cton 2255 m oton and cl m s a e bar e by hi pl agr m entw ai e i i ai r rd s ea ee ver. I opposng t G ove e ' ar e ,D e enda cl m st t by atem ptng t n i he rnm nts gum nt f nt ai ha , t i o e or hi 201 pl a e entwai i t scas t G over enti vi atng isown nf ce s 3 ea gr em ver n hi e, he nm s ol i t it r lpo iy s tf t i t De rm e tofJ tc s(< ' R w Polc t En nc n e na lc e orh n he pa t n usie' d DOJ' Ne ) iy o ha e J tce Depa t e ' Com m im entt Suppor D ef nt R i t Couns ,'ar us i r m nts t o t enda s' ght o el' mounc ed on O c obe 1 201 Undert tpolcy,t D OJw oul no l t r 4, 4. ha i he d onge as crm i def nt r k i nal enda s who pl guit t wai t r rghtt br ng f ur cl m s of i f ctve as i t e of ead ly o ve hei i o i ut e ai nef e i s sanc c ouns l A st i vi si D ef ntspos ton who exec e wai spr ort O c ober e. o ndi dual n enda ' ii ut d ver i o t 1 2014,pr ec or wer t declne t e or e wai s i cas wher def e couns 4, os ut s eo i o nf c ver n es e ens el pr vi d iefci a ssa er uli i prj c orwheet dee ntsi fe tve o de n fe tve sitnc es tng n eudie r he fnda ' nefci as i t s sance cl m r s a s i i s t a cour s d r ol ai ai es erous s ue hat t houl es ve. Ass hown by t l t pr son of t polcy, enf cem ent of pl agr m ent he ater ovi i he i or ea ee wai r e cut pror t Oct r 1 201 i es entaly l t t t di c eton of ve s xe ed i o obe 4, 4, s s i l ef o he s r i pr ec or t be det rm i on a c e- c e bas sacc di t t f ct ofe c e. os ut s, o e ned as by- as i or ng o he a s ach as The Gover enther hasexe ci e is dicr i t e or D ef nm e r s d t s eton o nf ce enda ' wai nts ver. Regar es t D OJ i e nalpolcy,bei neihe cons i tonalnor f de all , dl s, he nt r i ng t r tm i e r aw pr desDef ndantno ha ovi e beasbe i i t spr di and hasno lm ii efecton t s neft n hi ocee ng i tng f hi Cour ' a lt t enf ce t w ai pr s on. D ef nti note il d t habe r i ts biiy o or he ver ovi i enda s ntte o as elef pr i e on t 201 D OJ polcy. em s d he 4 i Law o t Cas f he e The Gover ent f t r ar nm urhe gues t D ef hat endant s as er i ' s tons chale ng t l ngi he vol arnes ofhi pl agr m e w ai ar bar e by t Fit Cicui' de s on i hi unt i s s ea ee nt ver e r d he fh r ts ci i n s diecta alast ul oft cas ' r ppe he aw he e.' On appea ,Def l endantacu ow l edged t hi pl agr m e cont ned a wai of hat s ea ee nt ai ver hi r ghtt a s i o ppealhi s e s ent nce, cl m ed t t wai s d notbe e or ed beca e but ai hat he ver houl nf c us t pl agr m entand w ai wer notu ow i a vol ar Specii l he as ered he ea ee ver e ng nd unt y. fcaly, s t t the was ne i or ed of t es entalelm e s ofhi of e es and t the sm pl ha ver nf m he s i e nt s f ns ha i y f l d def ns couns ' i t uctonst a e t a1 oft di ti tcour ' quesi olowe e e els ns r i o gr e o 1 he sr c ts tons. H e f t ralege t t ç wasuni or urhe l d ha ç he nf med ast a1 oft el ent oft i ct entw hi h o 1 he em s he ndi m c woul l er enhance hi s nt nce' a he had t oppor u t t neiher r d at s e e , nd he t niy o t ead nor com pr nd t pl agr entbef ehi a r gnm enthea i ' Fr man,583 F.App' ehe he ea eem or s r ai r ng.' ee x at308. Def ntr t t e ar e sascl m sf i f ectve as it enda ecass hes gum nt ai or ne f i s sance ofc ouns el i t i t pr eedi n he nsant oc ng. On di e a r ct ppeal t Fit Cicui not t tt re d s , he fh r t ed ha he cor howed t f l ng: he olowi Thedit i cour as Fr em a G -ave you r d and do you under t t s rct t ked e n, ll ea sand he pl agr enti t scas 't whi he r pled:HYes,sr.' Fr an al o ea eem n hi e?' o ch e i i ' eem s i or e t di t i cour durng t hea i t he w a ve r ng oft nf m d he s rct t i he r ng hat i d eadi he i ct e . The di ti cour neverhel r ewed ea el entofbot ndi m nt sr ct t t ess evi ch em h count t whi Fr em an pl ded guit asw el as t c equenc ofa so ch e ea ly, l he ons es guit pl M or ove Fr m a r ponded af i i y t he under t ly ea. e r, ee n es frmatvel hat s ood t di ti tcour ' quesi . Fr a sRs em n decl atonsi ope cour he sr c ts tons eem n' ol ar i n n t ca r a sr pr um pton ofvert ' Unie St esv.M c ght 570 F. r y tong es i iy.' t d at Kni , 3d 6 ,64 ( t Ci .2 9)(n e n lq tto m a ksa ctto o it d . 41 9 5 h r 00 it r a uo ai n r nd iai n m te ) I The Fit Cicui concuded: d. fh r t l The r d s st Fr m a % ew he ha t rghtt appeala t he ecor how hat ee n d he i o nd hat wasgi ng up t r ghtass f t i t pl a agr ent Thedi ti tcour vi hat i et orh n he e eem . sr c t quesi toned whe her Fr an knew he w as w ai ng hi rghtt appea ,t t eem vi s i o l o whi Fr em an r ponde R es,sr.' The di ti tcour e ch e es d Y i' sr c t ven s m arzed um i t me n n ofwave i lyma str by sai g:Gl)ba ia l me n he a i g i r n a n' e ms t tn lt sc ly a s t i you'e unha hat f r ppy w ih t r ul i t s cas you ar notgoi t be t he es t n hi e, e ng o a e t t t up t a hi bl o ake hat o gher cour l er on. D o you unde s and t ?' t at rt hat ' Bas d on t pl n l nguage of t agr ent t w ai apples. E. , e he ai a he eem , he ver i g. Bond,41 F. a 544. Fr a scha l nge t hi s e i t bar ed 4 3d t eem n' le o s ent nce s hus r by t vald appealw ai r pr s on. he i - ve ovii I d. The Fit Cicui' decii cons iut t 1 of t cas a bar t s Cour ' fh r t s s on tt es he aw he e, nd s hi ts r ons der i oft is . See Unie St e v. Tr man, 16 F. 1 5, 1 W L ec i aton he s ues t d at s out 3d 21 994 5 8,a * ( t Ci.1 4)tu i g t ta y de ii n m a by t Fit Cic ton die t 739 t 4 5 h r 99 r ln ha n c so de he fh r ui rc a pe lc nsiue t t a o t c s 'f rpu pos soft s c i 225 a ton .Se alo p a o tt ts he t w f he a e' o r e l he e ton 5 ci ) e s Unie St e v.Kals 78 F.d 5 5 ( t Ci .1 6 ( îl s sr ie a dipos d td ats ih, 0 2 06, 08 5h r 98 ) R lsue a s d nd s e ofi ap e o a pe lfom a o iia j me o c vito aenotc nsd rd i j n r vius p a r n rgn l udg nt f on cin r o ie e n 22 5M oinsn .Dee da saest t G be t't t Gove n 'posto b c us 5 to .) fn nt tt ha he o j cs'o he mme ts iin e a e i c r ve t D OJ' 201 i er polcy pr s ons,buthe ot wi e pr ent no t ont a nes he s 4 nt nal i ovii her s es s l gala hor t hol ng agai tapplcaton oft 1 oft cas e ut iy di ns i i he aw he e. Exceptonst t l w oft c e docti ar lm ied and alow r i o he a he as r ne e i t l eexam i i onl naton y i ( )t e de e i a s e ue tilorpr e dig wa s bsa ily dif r nt ( ) f 1 he vi nc n ubs q nt ra oc e n s u tnta l fe e , 2 contoli aut iy has snce m ade a contar decii of t 1 w a i bl t s h r lng hort i r y s on he a pplca e o uc is s or()t de ii wa ce rye r ne usa wo dwor ama fs ij tc Se sue , 3 he cson s la l ro o nd ul k nie tnusie. e Unie St e v Be e r 5 F.d 7 7 ( h Ci .1 8 . De e da tn ihe a g s td ats . c r a,1 5 3 40, 52 5t r 99 ) f n n e t r r ue nor esa ihest a exce i apples i t scas t bls hat n pton i n hi e. The Fit Cicui' nli t tDef fh r t s lng ha enda ' pl agr m e a w a ver wer m ade nts ea ee nt nd i e vol arl and u ow i y c r st sCour ' di poston oft i s her undert 1 unt iy ngl ont ol hi ts s ii he s ue e he aw oft e c e. Se U. Gou au,51 F.Ap x 39 ( h Ci.2 3)( l i g t a pa l h as e S. de 2 p' 0 5t r 01 ho d n h t ne de son on di ec a ci i r t ppea - t def l hat endant spl a agr entwai of rghtt s ek pos' e eem ver i o e t convi ton r i was enf cea e not t t ndi hi cl m of i f ec i as it c i elef or bl wihs a ng s ai ne f tve s sance of c uns l-wa lw o t c s ) ea s Gl e v.Unie S a e 201 W L 7 20 a o e s a f he a e .Se lo adn y td t ts, 4 34 45, t * ( D.Te De 23, 4 (<l we r i t sc s t Fit Cic tCo to Ap a s 6 S. x. c. 201 ) t-o ve , n hi a e,he fh r ui ur f pe l l has r ewed t r d a dim i s t a evi he ecor nd s s ed he ppeal fndi t bot Gl , i ng hat h adney' pl and s ea w averw e e knowi a vol ar ...U nde t 1 of cas docti t e is of i r ng nd unt y. r he aw e rne, hes s ues f c a 1w d cde o a pe lma n b r e m i d by t dititc ur .) Unie a t nd a e i d n p a y ot e e xa ne he src o t' ; td ' S a e v Esr da,201 W L 24 82,a * ( D.Te J 5,2 7) (nf r i g pla t t s . ta 7 228 t 3 S. x. une 01 e o c n e agr m e w ai r i cont of s ton 2255 bas d on Fit Cic ts de er i ton t ee nt ve n ext ec i e fh r ui' t m na i hat wav rwa vo u a y a kn ng . i e s l ntr nd owi ) Accor ngl D ef nda ' pl agr ent wai di y, e nts ea eem ver was m ade vol arl and unt iy l owi y,and Def m ngl endants ar e st t contar ar ba r by t l oft cas ' gum nt o he r y e r ed he aw he e. Cl m s lcr e# by l ve ai l r pcf r Eve as um i ar ndo t tt l oft cas w e e i pplca e,i i w el- etl n s ng gue ha he aw he e r na i bl t s l s ted i t s ci c tt a de e n hi r ui hat f ndants wai of cola er r ew i a pl a ee entw ilbe ' ver l t al evi n ea gr m l uphel s l d o ong as t pl a ee e and wai he ea gr m nt ver wer i or e and vol ar e nf m d unt y. Cons nty,a de e eque l f ndants i f tve as i t nce of couns cl m s r s i a s ton ' nef ec i ss a el ai aied n ec i 2255 pr edi w ilge aly be ba r by t wai oce ng l ner l r ed he ver. An excepton e ss f c ai s i xi t or l m t t i f i asss a ha nefectve i t nce is f c ed an i t t y and unknow i guit pl or t el aus nvolm ar ng ly ea wai r. A shel by t Fit Cicui Cour ofAppeal i Unied St e v.Whie,307 F. ve d he fh r t t sn t at s t 3d 3 3 -4 ( t Ci .2 2) 66, 43 4 5 h r 00 , W ew ilf l t swealh ofa hor t a hol t an i f tve as it l olow hi t ut iy nd d hat nef ec i s sance of couns l a gum ent s vi a w ai of a e r ur ves ver ppea onl whe t cl m e l y n he ai d asitnc die tya ce t v ldi o hatwaie ort pla ï- t ... ssa e r cl ye td he ai t ft y v r he e lef î ( 1 s e no ne d t e c p i fe tve as it n e ofc uns lcam sfo W ee e o x e t ne f ci ssa c o e li r m . t gener rul alowi de e he al e l ng f ndant t wai t r sam t y r ght s t so ve hei t or i s o hat t y c r h a pl a agr e i t wih. he an eac e eem nt f hey s 1 ( mp ssa e ) ealo Unie S a e v Wik s 2 F. 6 ,6 ( t Ci.1 94 d. e ha i dd d .S: s td t ts . le , 0 3d 51 54 5h r 9 ) ( ol ng t twave ofrg t s e s ci n 2 5 r le i i si uiha ef o rg t h di ha i r iht o e k e to 25 e if s nditng s bl r m iht o a ppeal and m a be wai y ved unde t m s of pl agr m e , s ve ce t n cl m s of r er ea ee nt a r ai ai ie f ci a ssa eofc uns l;Unie St e v Holi s 9 F. n fe tve s itnc o e ) td ats . ln , 7 App' 47 4 ( t Ci. x 7, 79 5h r 2 04 ( tng t ts c i 2 5 wave sa e va i e e a t i fe tve a ssa e o 0 ) no i ha e ton 25 i r r ld, xc pt s o ne f c i s itnc f c uns lcam st ta f c t v ldiy oft wave ort pl ais l . o e l i ha fe t he a i t he i r he e te g Conver el a def s y, endants wai w ilbe enf ced as t i f ectve as i t e of ' ver l or o ne f i ssanc c ouns lcl i st do notc l e a m hat halenge t valdiy oft pl a agr m e orwai he i t he e ee nt ver,s h as uc c le ha l nges t c o ouns ' per or ance ats enci els f m ent ng. Whie, 307 F. at343. Bec e t 3d aus Def nts s enda ' econd gr ound f ha or beas r i i t s pr edi c l nges c elef n hi oce ng hale ouns ' els efectve s ats e ng,hi s ond gr f i nes ent nci s ec ound m us be dim i s asbar ed by w ai t s s ed r ver. Addii l as s tonaly, hown bel ,a1 butone of D ef ow 1 endant s s c ai s i hi fr t ' ub- l m n s i s gr ound f ha or beas r i w oul r m ai ba r by wai r. elef d e n r ed ve De nda ' Sur ii Cli i Uns p td fe nts vvng am s u pore A s um i a n,t t 1 oft c e wer i s ng, gai hat he aw he as e napplc e,D ef ntss ecl m i abl enda ' ol ai t s vi wai i uns hat ur ves ver s uppored i t r d and woul w ar antno ha t n he ecor d r beasr i . elef D ef nt c ai s t the was depri d of ef ec i as i t enda l m ha ve f tve s sance of c ouns durng el i pr tila d pla pr e di d t c u e ' f iur st ( )pr pe l c e ra n e oc e ngs ue o o ns ls a l e o 1 o ry ommt c t wih mia e t hi a i or hi oft cicum s a m nd nf m m he r t ncesand c equences ofpl di guit asoppos ons ea ng ly ed t pr c e ngt ti l ( )c nd ta a e uae a i e nd nt e ra i e tga in,a o o e di o ra , 2 o uc n d q t nd nd pe e pr til nv si to nd ( )fl a s bsa i pr tilmo i nst putheg e n e ' c s t a a ve s ra t s. 3 ie ny u tntve era to o t ov r m nts a e o n d r a il e t ( c e En r No.1 7,p. ) Do k t ty 9 5. Oft e cl m s,onl t fr ts cl m m i ar hes ai y he i s ub- ai ght guabl afectt valdiy oft y f he i t he wai or t pl is f Howeve ver he ea t el. r,D ef nda f is t esabls t ,but f couns ' e nt a l o t ih hat or els aleged er or he w oul have pl l r , d eaded not guit and pr ede t ti . Se Hil v. ly oce d o r al e l Loc h t 4 U . 5 5 ( 98 ) Not ng i t r c r be o e t sCo ts po t a k ar , 74 S. 2, 9 1 5 . hi n he e o d f r hi ur up rs r onabl pr eas e obabiiy t Def ndantw oul ha chos t go t t i lon muli e count lt hat e d ve en o o ra tpl s r he t pl ad guit t t count and m i m i e hi s enci expos e. Ar e at r han e ly o wo s ni z s ent ng ur mst ad v.S o t 3 F. d 20 21 ( t Ci .1 4) c t, 7 3 2, 0 5h r 99 . Def endantdi nots i an af i vi f ualy s d ubm t fda t act l uppori any oft bal as er i tng he d s tons appe i i hi pe ii m em or arng n s tton, andum ,orr pons nordi he sgn hi pl di under es e, d i s ea ngs pe lyo pej y.Dee da tsha a peii me r n um,a r s ns a erf wi nat f rur fn n ' be s tton, mo a d nd e po e r ie t h 12 gener i atons a s ous alega i ber t of any f ual s alz i nd peci l tons ef act uppor i t r or t n he ec d. Cons nty,hi alegatonsa e concl or and wa r no r le SeePi eque l s l i r us y r ant e i f. neda,988 F. 2d a 23 ( ( l r c cus y al g to on a c iia is a e i u fce t t r ie a t G M e e on l or le ai ns rtc l sue r ns fi in o a s c nsiu i na is ' . M or ov r De e ntsc l or a lgai nso a h u a y o ttto l sue- ) ' e e , fnda ' oncus y le to f n wolntr a unknowi pl a agr m e and w ai ar di ec l r ut d by hi own s a em ent m a nd ng e ee nt ver e r ty ef e s tt s de on t r d ù open c t as not by t Fit Cicui i is opi on dim i sng he ecor : our , ed he fh r t n t ni s si Def enda ' a nts ppeal . A lhough t sCour r hes t e concl i i cont ofDef t hi t eac hes usons n ext endant sfr ts ' is ub- cl m ,t r cor s ai he e d uppor snoneofD e e ntscl m si hi fr tgr t f nda ' ai n s i s ound f ha or beasr i . elef Thus even as um i t cl , s ng he ahns w e e not bar d by wai r re ver, t y r ai wholy he em n l t s m uppored i t r or and woul war a no r i by t s Cour . t n he ec d d r nt elef hi t Evi ndar H ear ng de y i An e d nta yhe rngi r q r d tl nls t motona t fl sa r c r o vie i r a i s e uie tul e s he i nd he ie nd e o ds f t c s c ncusvey s w t tt p io ri e tte t n r le .'28U. C.j22 he a e o l i l ho ha he rs ne s n ild o o ei f' S. 55*) . Beca e t m oton,fl and r cor i t scas concl i l s us he i ies, e ds n hi e us ve y how t D e endanti not hat f s e il d t ha ntte o beas r le no e denta y hearng i neces a y. e i f, vi i r i s sr 13 Concl i uson The Go r me ts moin f s ve n n ' to or ummay j me t ( k tEnty No.201 i r udg n Doc e r )s GRANTED . De e a ' mo i n f rr le u e s c i 22 ( k tEnty No.1 7) f nd nts to o e if nd r e ton 55 Doc e r 9 i DENI . A ce tfcat ofa s ED r ii e ppea a lt i D EN I . l biiy s ED TheCl kofCour i ORDERED TO AD M I STM TI er ts NI VELY CLOSE D ef nts enda ' a cla y c v lc s i C. .No.1 - 6- 9 5 ( D .Te ) n ilr i i a e n A 1 1 1 9 S. x.. Si gned atH ous on,Texas on J t une 1 201 4, 8. * Uni r a .( il r M le t es i ti J at sr ct udge
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